Parallel type tunneling equipment for synchronous construction of two or more parallel tunnels and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides parallel tunneling equipment for synchronous construction of two or more parallel tunnels and a construction method. The parallel tunneling equipment comprises at least two tunneling units which are arranged in parallel. The tunneling unit is constructed to be capable of synchronously tunneling in the stratum so as to form parallel tunnels independent of each other. And the connecting units are rigidly connected with the adjacent tunneling units, and are constructed to be capable of synchronously advancing in the interval stratum between the two adjacent tunnels along with the tunneling units and reserving at least one part of soil mass of the interval stratum after passing so as to form isolation between the two adjacent tunnels. According to the scheme, the influence of extrusion load, grouting pressure and the like generated by tunnel shield construction of the small clear distance section on the adjacent tunnels can be minimized, and the degree that the safety and the structural integrity of the adjacent tunnels are not influenced is achieved. Shield construction and synchronous construction are overlapped, so that the construction period is shortened, the cost is reduced, and the influence of underground construction on the surrounding environment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering, and more particularly, to a parallel tunneling equipment and a construction method for synchronous construction of two or more parallel tunnels. Background Art

[0002] In underground engineering construction, there are usually cases where two or more tunnels are adjacent and arranged in parallel. For example, the main tunnel of an underground rail transit consists of at least two main tunnels, and there may also be a siding tunnel independent of the main tunnel in some sections. These tunnels extend adjacent to each other and are generally parallel to each other.

[0003] When the spacing between adjacent tunnels is relatively large, during shield tunneling construction, the soil mass between the two tunnels can mitigate the extrusion load generated by shield tunneling on the soil mass around the already formed tunnel and the influence of the grouting pressure behind the lining, thus avoiding affecting the adjacent already formed tunnel. However, when the spacing between adjacent tunnels is relatively small, the soil mass between the two tunnels is insufficient to mitigate the influence of the aforementioned load and pressure, making it easy for the shield tunneling of the later constructed tunnel to have an adverse impact on the adjacent already formed tunnel, such as cracking, deformation, water leakage, and in severe cases, structural damage.

[0004] According to GB50446-2017 "Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Shield Tunneling", areas where the clear spacing between tunnels is less than 0.7 times the diameter of the shield (usually referred to as small clear spacing areas) are special areas. When shield construction enters such special areas, it should comply with the following regulations: "(8.2.6) 1. Before construction, the impact of construction on existing tunnels, or the mutual impact of tunnels during simultaneous excavation, should be analyzed, and corresponding construction measures should be taken; 2. During construction, the excavation speed, excavation bin pressure, slag output and grouting pressure should be controlled; 3. Existing tunnels should be monitored more closely, and shield excavation parameters should be adjusted based on feedback; 4. Auxiliary measures such as strengthening the soil between tunnels and installing steel supports in existing tunnels can be taken to control stratum and tunnel deformation." In addition, the "Explanation of Articles of the Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Shield Tunneling" promulgated at the same time further stated: The following provisions are made: "(8.2.6) 1. The mutual influence of small clearance tunnel construction generally considers the following four influences: 1) the squeezing and loosening effect of the subsequent shield advancement on the existing tunnel; 2) the loosening effect of the shield tail of the subsequent shield passing through the existing tunnel; 3) the squeezing effect of the wall grouting of the subsequent shield on the existing tunnel; 4) the stratum relaxation caused by the previous shield causing or causing the displacement of the subsequent shield. The above effects will cause deformation of the pipe segments, deformation, fracture, leakage of joint bolts, and surface subsidence. Therefore, corresponding measures should be taken, such as strengthening deformation monitoring. ""(8.2.6) 4. When the shield is constructed close to the existing tunnel, when the measures such as soil reinforcement and steel support in the tunnel still cannot meet the deformation control requirements of the existing tunnel, a dark tunnel can be constructed first, and then the shield can cut the second lining of the dark tunnel through the plain concrete."

[0005] In summary, for small clearance sections, according to conventional construction methods, there must be at least one tunnel that is difficult to construct using conventional shield methods. The only way is to first reinforce the soil (such as ground grouting reinforcement, in-hole grouting reinforcement, freezing reinforcement, etc.), and then use the shield method to carefully construct. This construction method is very destructive to the environment and the ground, and has high costs and a long construction period. Therefore, small clearances are currently avoided as much as possible when using shield construction.

[0006] On the other hand, a large part of the current urban rail transit construction is carried out in the old urban area. In the old urban area, there are generally narrow roads, buildings too close to each other, and crowded underground structures. Compared with the newly built urban area, the old urban area often has buildings that must be bypassed or need special protection (such as ancient buildings, former residences of celebrities, etc.). The limitation of space makes the rail transit construction in the old urban area have more small clearance design requirements. If conventional construction methods are used, the construction period and construction cost will inevitably increase, which will impose a very heavy burden on the construction project. In addition, there may be situations where road traffic is closed for a long time to cooperate with underground construction, or construction may cause ground subsidence or even collapse due to careless construction, which will bring inconvenience to local residents and cause potential safety hazards.

[0007] Therefore, a new type of construction equipment and construction method are needed to at least partially solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a parallel tunneling equipment for synchronous construction of two or more parallel tunnels. The parallel tunneling equipment includes:

[0009] At least two tunneling units arranged side by side, and the at least two tunneling units form an arrangement combination of N rows and M columns in a cross-section perpendicular to the tunneling direction, where N and M are both positive integers. When N equals 1, M is greater than or equal to 2, and when N is greater than 1, M is greater than or equal to 1. The tunneling units are configured to be able to tunnel synchronously in the formation, and each of the tunneling units forms an independent parallel tunnel; and

[0010] A connecting unit that forms a rigid connection between two adjacent tunneling units. The connecting unit is configured to be able to travel synchronously with the tunneling units in the intervening formation between two adjacent tunnels and retain at least a part of the soil mass of the intervening formation after passing through to form an isolation between the two adjacent tunnels.

[0011] In some embodiments, the minimum distance between at least two adjacent tunneling units is greater than zero and not greater than the diameter of any one of the tunnels formed by the tunneling units.

[0012] In some embodiments, the front side of the connecting unit has a soil cutting device.

[0013] In some embodiments, the connecting unit further includes a conveying device. The conveying device is arranged along the tunneling direction behind the soil cutting device and is configured to convey the soil mass cut by the soil cutting device.

[0014] In some embodiments, the soil cutting device is configured as a cutter head or a drum-type cutting head, and the conveying device is configured as a screw conveyor or a crawler conveyor.

[0015] In some embodiments, the cut soil mass remains behind the connecting unit along the tunneling direction and forms a part of the intervening formation.

[0016] In some embodiments, the connecting unit is configured as a rigid rod, and a cutting edge is provided on the front side of the rod.

[0017] In some embodiments, the rod is telescopically arranged on one of the tunneling units, and the rod can be detachably connected to the adjacent tunneling unit in the extended state.

[0018] In some embodiments, the connecting unit is configured as a pipe jacking machine or a shield machine. After passing through the spaced formation, the connecting unit forms a small tunnel, and the diameter of the small tunnel is smaller than the diameter of any tunnel adjacent to the small tunnel.

[0019] In some embodiments, the connecting unit is detachably connected to two adjacent tunneling units arranged side by side.

[0020] In some embodiments, the connecting unit further includes a grouting device and is provided with a slurry output structure at least at the top position.

[0021] In some embodiments, at least one of the tunneling units is driven independently of the other tunneling units.

[0022] In some embodiments, the at least two tunneling units are configured in a single-row arrangement along the horizontal direction, or the at least two tunneling units are configured in a single-column arrangement along the vertical direction.

[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a construction method for synchronous construction of two or more parallel tunnels, characterized in that the construction method includes using the parallel tunneling equipment according to any one of the foregoing to carry out tunneling construction, wherein the number of the tunneling units is equal to the number of the parallel tunnels to be constructed.

[0024] In some embodiments, the minimum distance between at least two adjacent parallel tunnels is greater than zero and not greater than the diameter of any one of the two adjacent tunnels.

[0025] In some embodiments, the construction method further includes performing a grouting operation at the top of the connecting unit.

[0026] In some embodiments, the construction method further includes assembling segments at the rear side of the connecting unit to form a small tunnel, and the diameter of the small tunnel is smaller than the diameter of any tunnel adjacent to the small tunnel.

[0027] In some embodiments, the construction method further includes the tunneling units corresponding to the two or more parallel tunnels respectively reaching the predetermined positions synchronously.

[0028] According to the solution of the present invention, the influence of extrusion load, grouting pressure, etc. generated by tunnel shield construction in small clear distance sections on adjacent tunnels can be minimized, so as to achieve the degree of not affecting the safety and structural integrity of adjacent tunnels. The superposition of shield construction and synchronous construction can greatly shorten the construction period of parallel tunnels, reduce construction costs, and at the same time can also minimize the impact of underground construction on the surrounding environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] To better understand the above and other objects, features, advantages and functions of the present invention, reference may be made to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Identical reference numerals in the drawings refer to identical components. Those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings are intended to schematically illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention and have no restrictive effect on the scope of the present invention, and the components in the drawings are not drawn to scale. Among them,

[0030] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a parallel tunneling equipment according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a front view of the parallel tunneling equipment shown;

[0032] Figure 3 is a front view of a parallel tunneling equipment according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along the Figure 3 A-A line in;

[0034] Figure 5 is a front view of a parallel tunneling equipment according to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along the Figure 5 B-B line in;

[0036] Figure 7 is a front view of a parallel tunneling equipment according to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of construction using the Figure 1 parallel tunneling equipment shown;

[0038] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of construction using the Figure 7 parallel tunneling equipment shown;

[0039] Figure 10 is a perspective view of a parallel tunneling equipment according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention; and

[0040] Figure 11 is Figure 10 a front view of the parallel tunneling equipment shown. Detailed Embodiments

[0041] Referring now to the drawings, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. What is described herein is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can think of other ways to implement the present invention based on the preferred embodiments, and such other ways also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0042] The present invention provides a parallel tunneling equipment and a corresponding construction method for simultaneously shield tunneling two or more parallel tunnels, especially parallel tunnels in the small clear distance section. Among them, the small clear distance section means that the minimum distance between any two adjacent tunnels in the parallel tunnels is greater than zero and not greater than the diameter of any one of the two adjacent tunnels. According to the solution of the present invention, the influence of extrusion load, grouting pressure, etc. generated by shield tunneling in the small clear distance section on adjacent tunnels can be minimized to the extent that it does not affect the safety and structural integrity of adjacent tunnels. Simultaneously carrying out shield tunneling of two or more small clear distance tunnels can greatly shorten the construction period of parallel tunnels, reduce construction costs, and at the same time minimize the impact of underground construction on the surrounding environment. The solution according to the present invention will be introduced below with reference to the drawings.

[0043] According to the solution of the present invention, the parallel tunneling equipment includes a group of tunneling units arranged in parallel. In Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the preferred embodiment shown, the parallel tunneling equipment 1 includes at least two tunneling units 110 arranged in parallel along a substantially horizontal direction. Using this parallel tunneling equipment 1 for shield tunneling can simultaneously form two adjacent parallel tunnels along a substantially horizontal direction. For another example, in Figure 10 and Figure 11 In another embodiment shown, the parallel tunneling equipment 1' includes two tunneling units 110' arranged in parallel along a substantially vertical direction. Using this parallel tunneling equipment 1' for shield tunneling can simultaneously form two adjacent parallel tunnels along a substantially vertical direction.

[0044] It should be noted that the number and / or arrangement of the tunneling units that make up the parallel tunneling equipment can be adapted to the number and / or arrangement of the parallel tunnels to be constructed in the same section (especially the small clear distance section). For different construction projects, depending on different design schemes, the number and / or arrangement of the tunneling units in the parallel tunneling equipment are not unique. Therefore, the tunneling units in the parallel tunneling equipment according to the present invention can have any feasible side-by-side arrangement in the cross-section perpendicular to the tunneling direction. Generally speaking, the row direction and the column direction perpendicular to each other can be defined in the cross-section perpendicular to the tunneling direction. The parallel tunneling equipment can include N rows of tunneling units arranged along the column direction, and each row can include M tunneling units. Wherein, both N and M are positive integers, and when N is equal to 1, M is greater than or equal to 2, and when N is greater than 1, M is greater than or equal to 1. It can be understood that the tunneling units whose centers are aligned along the row direction can be regarded as being in the same row, and the tunneling units whose centers are offset along the row direction can be regarded as being in different rows. Moreover, the tunneling units in different rows can be aligned or offset in the column direction.

[0045] To adapt to shield tunneling construction, the tunneling unit 110 can specifically be a shield machine or a pipe jacking machine. The types of the tunneling units 110 in the same parallel tunneling equipment 1 can be the same or different. For example, all the tunneling units 110 can be constructed as shield machines at the same time or as pipe jacking machines at the same time. Or, according to the requirements of the actual construction plan, a shield machine can also be used for Tunnel A in the parallel tunnels, while a pipe jacking machine can be used for another Tunnel B in the parallel tunnels.

[0046] In the parallel tunneling equipment, one tunneling unit can be connected to at least one other adjacent tunneling unit through a connecting unit. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the adjacent tunneling units 110 are connected by the connecting unit 120, so that these side-by-side arranged tunneling units 110 form a rigid whole. In this way, each tunneling unit 110 can carry out tunneling construction synchronously to form a tunnel in the parallel tunnels respectively. Among them, the minimum distance along the arrangement direction between at least two adjacent tunneling units 110 is greater than zero and not greater than the diameter of any one of the tunnels formed by these two (or several) tunneling units 110. Therefore, these tunneling units that meet this distance condition are particularly suitable for the construction of parallel tunnels in the small clear distance section.

[0047] It can be understood that in the parallel excavation equipment according to the present invention, all the excavation units can be used for the construction of parallel tunnels in small clearance sections, or some of the excavation units can be used for the construction of parallel tunnels, while other excavation units with larger spacing are used for the construction of parallel tunnels with larger spacing. Here, the large spacing parallel tunnel refers to the spacing between it and other surrounding tunnels is greater than the maximum tunnel diameter. For large spacing tunnels, even if they are constructed in a conventional manner (i.e., there is an obvious time difference between the forming time of different tunnels in the same section), the formed tunnel can be unaffected by the subsequent excavation construction of other adjacent tunnels. But it is obvious that synchronous construction can greatly shorten the construction period of tunnel excavation. Therefore, the parallel excavation equipment according to the present invention is also applicable to independent tunnels that are close but do not fall into the small clearance range. Preferably, at least two excavation units 110 of the same category can be selected to form the parallel excavation equipment according to the present invention. Excavation units of the same category have substantially the same construction steps, which is conducive to ensuring the synchronous construction of different tunnels.

[0048] According to the solution of the present invention, the excavation units corresponding to each tunnel basically arrive at the predetermined position synchronously. That is, the synchronous excavation construction of parallel tunnels makes the advancement points of all tunnels in the parallel tunnels basically located in the same stratum section perpendicular to the excavation direction at the same time. Therefore, for the formed tunnel section, there are no new adjacent shield construction advancement points in its corresponding stratum section, and it will not bear the extrusion load and grouting pressure behind the wall on the soil around the formed tunnel section caused by the shield construction excavation of the adjacent tunnel. In other words, using the construction solution according to the present invention, for the formed tunnel section, there is no situation where new extrusion loads or grouting pressures are generated after the construction is completed, and the soil pressure it bears is roughly the same as the conventional single tunnel pressure bearing mode. Therefore, it is possible to weaken or even eliminate the loosening effect of the subsequent shield tail on the existing tunnel, the squeezing effect of the subsequent shield's back-wall grouting on the existing tunnel, the loosening of the stratum caused by the preceding shield and thus causing or causing the displacement of the subsequent shield, thereby avoiding the deformation of the pipe segments, deformation and fracture of the joint bolts, water leakage, and surface subsidence in the formed tunnel section.

[0049] The "synchronous construction" referred to in the present invention is a concept opposite to the sequential construction of conventional adjacent tunnels. In the scenario of sequential construction of conventional adjacent tunnels, for the tunnel constructed later, there is usually a formed adjacent tunnel in the formation section perpendicular to the tunneling direction at the excavation point (advancement point) of the tunneling equipment. In the synchronous construction scenario of the present invention, for any tunnel, there is no formed adjacent tunnel in the formation section perpendicular to the tunneling direction at the excavation point (advancement point) of its tunneling unit. It can be understood that due to the influence of actual working conditions and other factors (such as changes in formation composition, control errors of tunneling units, etc.), there are slight differences in the traveling speeds and current positions of different tunneling units in the synchronous construction scenario, rather than being strictly consistent. However, such slight differences still fall within the scope of the "synchronous construction" referred to in the present invention as long as they meet the condition that "there is no formed adjacent tunnel in the formation section perpendicular to the tunneling direction at the excavation point (advancement point) of the tunneling unit". The "synchronous arrival" referred to in the present invention is the result of "synchronous construction". The "formed" state of the tunnel can be understood as the state after the segment assembly of the tunnel or the installation of the tunnel segments in place.

[0050] In order to accurately control the synchronism of the parallel tunneling units, preferably, each tunneling unit can be driven forward independently, or at least two of the tunneling units can be driven forward by the same power source.

[0051] According to the solution of the present invention, each tunneling unit tunnels and constructs synchronously in the formation to form one of the parallel tunnels respectively. It can be understood that each tunnel in the parallel tunnels is independent of each other. In this article, the meaning of each tunnel being independent of each other means that at positions other than the connecting passage, the segments of the tunnel enclose a closed space in the cross-section perpendicular to the tunnel extension direction, that is, the tunnel is not directly connected to the adjacent tunnel. The two adjacent tunnels are separated by an intervening formation. During the construction process, the connecting unit travels synchronously with the tunneling unit in the intervening formation, but does not significantly damage the structure of the intervening formation. That is, the connecting unit still retains at least a part of the soil in the intervening formation after passing through the intervening formation, so that the intervening formation can substantially isolate the adjacent tunnels into independent tunnels. Preferably, a soil cutting device is provided on the front side of the connecting unit, which can cut the soil in the intervening formation to enable the connecting unit to travel smoothly and avoid the phenomenon of soil extrusion.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the connecting unit 120 can be configured as a shield machine or a pipe jacking machine. Correspondingly, the earth cutting device can be a cutter head on the front side of the shield machine or the pipe jacking machine. After passing through the interval stratum, a small tunnel can be formed by assembling segments on the rear side of the connecting unit 120. The connecting unit 120 is rigidly connected to the tunneling unit 110 on both sides through connectors 121 respectively. Among them, the connector 121 can specifically be a rigid rod, and the connection method can be welding, bolt connection, riveting or other methods that can provide sufficient connection strength. Similarly, Figure 10 and Figure 11 show that the connecting unit 120' between adjacent tunneling units 110' can also have the same or similar structure as the connecting unit 120 Figure 1 described above. For the sake of simplicity, the connectors between the connecting unit and the tunneling unit are omitted.

[0053] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-section diagram of the construction using the parallel tunneling equipment 1 Figure 1 shown in the figure. It can be seen that the tunneling unit 110 located on the left side of the figure forms a tunnel T1, and the tunneling unit 110 located on the right side forms a tunnel T2. The tunnel T1 has a diameter D1, and the tunnel T2 has a diameter D2. The two constitute at least a part of the parallel tunnels excavated and constructed by the parallel tunneling equipment 1. According to the requirements of the actual construction plan, the diameter D1 of the tunnel T1 and the diameter D2 of the tunnel T2 can be the same or different. In addition, the shield machine or the pipe jacking machine of the connecting unit 120 also forms a small tunnel T3 with a diameter D3. Limited by the size of the interval stratum, the diameter of this small tunnel is smaller than the diameter of any of the adjacent tunnels in the parallel tunnels. For example, in Figure 8 shown in the figure, the diameter D3 of the small tunnel T3 is smaller than either the diameter D1 of the tunnel T1 or the diameter D2 of the tunnel T2. Correspondingly, the shield machine or the pipe jacking machine of the connecting unit 120 has a smaller diameter than the tunneling unit 110. This small tunnel T3 can be used as a tunnel for pipelines or maintenance. It can be understood that although the connecting unit 120 removes a small part of the soil after passing through the interval stratum to form the small tunnel T3, the diameter D3 of the small tunnel T3 is set so as not to have an obvious adverse impact on the mechanical properties of the interval stratum. Therefore, the remaining soil part of the interval stratum except the small tunnel T3 can still form a substantial isolation and support between the adjacent tunnels T1 and T2.

[0054] In addition, the connecting unit can also be configured to only pass through the interval stratum without removing any soil from it. For example Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in another embodiment, a soil cutting device 222 is provided at the front end of the connection unit 220 of the parallel tunneling equipment 2, which is configured as a cutter head for cutting soil. A conveying device 223 is further provided at the rear side of the soil cutting device 222 for conveying the soil cut by the soil cutting device 222 to the rear side of the connection unit 220. The soil cutting device 222 may specifically be a screw conveyor. More preferably, the soil cutting device 222 may also be a shaftless screw conveyor (the shaftless screw conveyor is disclosed in Chinese Patent No. CN222203795U, and the full text of its disclosure is incorporated herein by reference). Since there is no need to transport the soil out, the soil cutting device 222 can be arranged parallel to the tunneling direction, and it is only necessary to convey the cut soil from the front side of the connection unit 220 to the rear side thereof, so as to facilitate the smooth progress of the connection unit 220. Among them, the connection unit 220 can be connected to the tunneling unit 210 through a connector similar to the connector 121 shown in Figure 2 and a similar connection method, or the connector can be omitted and directly connected to the tunneling unit 210. The connection method can be welding, bolt connection, riveting or other methods that can provide sufficient connection strength.

[0055] Figure 5 and Figure 6 shows still another preferred embodiment according to the solution of the present invention. The soil cutting device (not shown) at the front end of the connection unit 320 of the parallel tunneling equipment 3 may be a drum-type cutting head, and the conveying device 323 may be a crawler conveyor. Among them, the crawler conveyor can be arranged in a manner parallel to the tunneling direction similar to the Figure 4 shown screw conveyor. In addition, the functions of the various units of the parallel tunneling equipment 3 and the connection methods between the various units may be the same as or similar to the functions of the various units of the parallel tunneling equipment 2 and the connection methods between the various units. It can be understood that in other alternative embodiments, the connection unit may further include a combination of a cutter head and a crawler conveyor, or a combination of a drum-type cutting head and a screw conveyor.

[0056] In Figure 1 the shown embodiment, after tunneling, the connection unit 120 forms a small tunnel T3 by assembling segments. Therefore, the small shield machine or small pipe jacking machine of the connection unit 120 is correspondingly provided with a grouting device and grouting holes or grouting belts for grouting the small tunnel T3. For Figure 3 and Figure 5In the illustrated embodiment, although the connecting units 220 and 320 only cut the soil mass and convey the soil mass in front to the rear during advancement, and do not assemble segments to form a small tunnel, the connecting units 220 and 320 may preferably also be provided with a grouting device and grouting holes or grouting belts, and perform grouting operations during advancement. The grouting holes or grouting belts are particularly preferably provided at the top. By performing grouting operations on the soil mass above the top, the phenomenon of soil backing on the connecting units can be prevented, thereby reducing the possibility of ground settlement above the interval stratum. Preferably, the grouting holes or grouting belts are arranged in a densely arranged manner at the top of the rigid connecting device. The grouting holes and grouting belts can be collectively referred to as slurry output structures.

[0057] Figure 7 Another preferred embodiment according to the solution of the present invention is shown. Among them, the tunneling units 410 of the parallel tunneling equipment 4 are directly connected by rigid rods 421. That is, the rod 421 can be regarded as the connecting unit in this embodiment. Preferably, a cutting edge is provided on the front side of the rod 421 for cutting the soil mass so that the rod 421 can advance synchronously with the tunneling unit 410. The rod 421 can be rigidly connected to the tunneling units 410 on both sides of it at both ends by means such as welding, bolt connection, riveting, etc. that can provide sufficient connection strength.

[0058] Preferably, the rod 421 is detachably connected to at least one tunneling unit 410. In this way, after the parallel synchronous tunneling construction is completed, the rod 421 can be removed, and the tunneling units 410 can be restored to their respective independent shield machines or pipe jacking machines to perform the tunneling construction tasks of other independent tunnels, which is beneficial to improving the utilization efficiency of the mechanical equipment and further shortening the construction period. For example, in some embodiments, the rod 421 can be telescopically arranged on one tunneling unit 410. When the tunneling unit 410 is an independent shield machine or pipe jacking machine, the rod 421 is in a retracted state and is located inside the main body of the shield machine or pipe jacking machine, without affecting the construction of the independent tunnel. When the tunneling unit 410 is connected in parallel with other tunneling units 410 as parallel tunneling equipment, the rod 421 extends to the deployed state, and the extended end thereof is detachably connected to the adjacent tunneling unit 410. In other embodiments, the rod 421 can also be provided to be detachably connected to the tunneling units 410 on both sides of it.

[0059] Figure 9 shows the use of Figure 7Cross-sectional schematic diagram of the parallel tunneling equipment 4 shown for construction. It can be seen that as the connecting unit, the rod member 421 cuts and advances in the intervening formation between the adjacent tunnels T1 and T2 along with the tunneling unit 410, but does not significantly remove the cut soil from the intervening formation. Therefore, the intact intervening formation is maintained between the adjacent tunnels T1 and T2, and there is no small tunnel. In addition, the characteristics such as the dimensional relationship between the adjacent tunnels T1 and T2 are the same as or similar to those of Figure 8 the embodiment shown. In Figure 7 the embodiment shown, the rod member 421 does not have the ability to actively cut soil like a cutter head or a drum-type cutting head, etc., and is thus suitable for formations of homogeneous soil, such as soft soil layers with a porosity greater than 30%.

[0060] The above description of various embodiments of the present invention is provided for a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art for the purpose of description. It is not intended to exclude or limit the present invention to a single disclosed embodiment. As above, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand various alternatives and modifications of the present invention. Therefore, although some alternative embodiments are specifically described, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand or relatively easily develop other embodiments. The present invention is intended to include all alternatives, modifications, and variations of the present invention described herein, as well as other embodiments that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention described above.

Claims

1. A parallel tunneling equipment for synchronous construction of two or more parallel tunnels, characterized in that: The parallel tunneling equipment comprises: At least two tunneling units are arranged in parallel, and the at least two tunneling units are arranged in N rows and M columns in a cross section perpendicular to the tunneling direction, wherein N and M are both positive integers, when N is equal to 1, M is greater than or equal to 2, and when N is greater than 1, M is greater than or equal to 1, and the tunneling units are configured to be able to tunnel synchronously in the stratum and each of the tunneling units forms a mutually independent parallel tunnel; and A connecting unit forms a rigid connection between adjacent tunneling units, and is configured to be able to travel synchronously with the tunneling unit in the interval stratum between two adjacent tunnels and retain at least a portion of the soil of the interval stratum after passing through to form isolation between the two adjacent tunnels.

2. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minimum distance between at least two adjacent tunneling units is greater than zero and not greater than the diameter of any of the tunnels formed by the tunneling units respectively.

3. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front side of the connecting unit is provided with a soil cutting device.

4. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connection unit further includes a conveying device, which is arranged behind the earth-cutting device along the excavation direction and is configured to convey the earth cut by the earth-cutting device.

5. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soil cutting device is configured as a cutter disc or a drum-type cutting head, and the conveying device is configured as a screw conveyor or a crawler conveyor.

6. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cut soil remains behind the connecting unit along the excavation direction and forms a part of the interval stratum.

7. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting unit is configured as a rigid rod, and a cutting edge is provided on the front side of the rod.

8. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rod is telescopically arranged on one of the excavation units, and the rod can be detachably connected to an adjacent excavation unit in an extended state.

9. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting unit is configured as a pipe jacking machine or a shield machine. After passing through the interval stratum, the connecting unit forms a small tunnel, wherein the diameter of the small tunnel is smaller than the diameter of any tunnel adjacent to the small tunnel.

10. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting unit connects two adjacent parallel excavation units in a detachable manner.

11. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection unit also includes a grouting device and a slurry output structure is arranged at least at the top.

12. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the excavation units is driven independently of the other excavation units.

13. The parallel tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The at least two excavation units are configured to be arranged in a single row along a horizontal direction, or the at least two excavation units are configured to be arranged in a single column along a vertical direction.

14. A construction method for synchronous construction of two or more parallel tunnels, characterized in that: The construction method comprises performing excavation construction using the parallel excavation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the number of the excavation units is equal to the number of parallel tunnels to be constructed.

15. The construction method according to claim 14, characterized in that: There is a minimum spacing between at least two adjacent parallel tunnels that is greater than zero and not greater than the diameter of any of the two adjacent tunnels.

16. The construction method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The construction method further comprises performing a grouting operation on the top of the connection unit.

17. The construction method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The construction method further comprises assembling pipe segments at the rear side of the connecting unit to form a small tunnel, wherein the diameter of the small tunnel is smaller than the diameter of any tunnel adjacent to the small tunnel.

18. The construction method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The construction method also includes the tunneling units corresponding to the two or more parallel tunnels arriving at predetermined positions synchronously.

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