Experimental platform for testing combustion behavior of photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of a photovoltaic module. The experimental platform mainly comprises a photovoltaic fire simulation system, a smoke collection system, a spraying system, an ignition module and a monitoring system. The photovoltaic fire simulation system mainly comprises a fixing assembly, a building material, an adjustable support, an electric telescopic module and a photovoltaic sample and is used for accurately simulating a building photovoltaic system scene. The smoke collection system is used for increasing a smoke circulation path and filtering smoke; the spraying system is used for performing water spraying filtration on the smoke dust and purifying the filtered sewage; the ignition module is used for simulating ignition sources with different widths and fire source powers and igniting the photovoltaic sample; the monitoring system is used for monitoring the temperature distribution condition, the internal flow field distribution and the mass loss of the photovoltaic sample, the total mass of the filtered smoke and the temperature signal and the radiation heat flow distribution condition of the building material in real time, so that the combustion and spreading conditions of different types of building photovoltaic fire hazards are determined; and thoughts and references are provided for building photovoltaic fire prevention design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module testing, and in particular to an experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules. Background Art

[0002] Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is a technology that integrates photovoltaic products into buildings, which can effectively reduce the use of fossil energy and accelerate the urban carbon neutrality process, and has received extensive attention and application around the world. However, the layout of the photovoltaic system will significantly increase the fire load of the building itself, and it is prone to cause serious building fire accidents.

[0003] When a short - circuit fault occurs in the photovoltaic system or the "hot spot" effect occurs, the photovoltaic module will spontaneously combust and the fire will spread. At the same time, the fire will also ignite the external thermal insulation materials of the building or the waterproof layer on the building roof, which is extremely likely to cause the expansion of the fire. In addition, in order to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the photovoltaic system, there is a gap between the photovoltaic system and the outside of the building. The gap will have a significant impact on the "chimney" effect, thereby affecting the flame spread rate and the smoke entrainment volume, and triggering more serious building fire accidents.

[0004] In the field of photovoltaic fire safety technology, there is currently a variable - angle solar panel heating test system and method (application publication number CN 119086642 A). This patent can conduct heating tests on various types of photovoltaic modules with different inclination angles, and analyze the fire performance of photovoltaic modules under the influence of different radiation heat sources. However, this patent does not consider the interaction relationship between the building and the photovoltaic module, nor can it simulate the photovoltaic fire scenarios of actual photovoltaic curtain walls or roofs. Its main function is the heat - resistance performance test of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, an experimental system that can simulate the fire of building integrated photovoltaics has been developed, which can observe and analyze the occurrence and development law of photovoltaic system fires under the coupling of multiple factors, clarify the fire hazards of different types of photovoltaic modules, and provide an experimental platform and data support for the forefront research of building photovoltaic safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this purpose, the present invention provides an experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules. The experimental platform can more accurately simulate the photovoltaic system fires at different positions of building integrated photovoltaics, clarify the interaction relationship between building materials and photovoltaic modules after a fire occurs in the photovoltaic system or building materials, and the influence of the "chimney" effect on the combustion spread of photovoltaic fires, and provide an experimental platform and data support for the fire prevention design of building photovoltaic systems.

[0006] An experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules disclosed by the present invention includes: a photovoltaic fire simulation system, which is used to accurately simulate the scenario of a building photovoltaic system; a smoke collection system, which is used to increase the flue gas circulation path and filter the flue gas; a sprinkler system, which is used to perform water spray filtration on the soot and purify the filtered sewage; an ignition module, which is used to simulate ignition sources with different widths and fire source powers to ignite the photovoltaic sample; a monitoring system, which is used to monitor in real time the temperature distribution, internal flow field distribution and mass loss of the photovoltaic sample, the total mass of the filtered soot, and the temperature signal and radiant heat flux distribution of the building materials; and a collection module, which is used to collect the real-time data collected by the monitoring system.

[0007] According to the experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules disclosed by the present invention, the photovoltaic fire simulation system mainly includes a fixing component, building materials, an adjustable bracket, an electric telescopic module and a photovoltaic sample; the fixing component is made of a rigid high-temperature resistant material and consists of a long board and two short boards. One end of each of the two short boards is vertically connected and fixed to both ends of the long board to form a "Z" - shaped structure; the adjustable bracket includes a universal coupling and a telescopic bracket. The telescopic bracket is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the fixing component through the universal coupling. By adjusting the height of the telescopic bracket and the angle between the telescopic bracket and the fixing component, the photovoltaic fire under different inclinations can be simulated; the building materials are arranged on the fixing component, and the surface area is the same as that of the long board of the fixing component; the electric telescopic modules are arranged on the left and right sides of the fixing component, and two electric telescopic modules are evenly arranged on one side, which are used to adjust the distance between the photovoltaic sample module and the building materials. A photovoltaic module fixing clip is arranged at the end of the electric telescopic module to ensure stable fixation of the photovoltaic sample.

[0008] Optionally, the photovoltaic sample can be a flexible photovoltaic module or a rigid photovoltaic module, or a combustible material with a similar thickness, which is used to simulate the combustion spread behavior of other combustible materials.

[0009] Optionally, the building materials can be roof tiles, color steel plates or waterproof coiled materials, etc., or building facade materials such as brick - concrete structures, wood structures, concrete, etc.

[0010] An experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to the present invention. The smoke collection system mainly includes a smoke collection hood, a filtration module, and an adjustable support assembly. The smoke collection hood is a rectangular structure with open ends at both the upper and lower ends. The smoke inlet end faces the gap between the photovoltaic sample and the building material. The smoke outlet end of the smoke collection hood is fixedly connected to the filtration module. The filtration module has open ends at both ends, and the sizes of the open ends are the same as the size of the smoke outlet end of the smoke collection hood. There are two smoke baffle plates and a filter screen inside the filtration module. The two smoke baffle plates are respectively arranged on both sides of the filtration module. The two smoke baffle plates are arranged in an inclined and staggered manner with the same inclination angle. There is a gap between the two smoke baffle plates for extending the smoke spread path and converging sewage. The filter screen can completely cover the open end of the filtration module and is arranged above the smoke baffle plates for secondary filtration of soot impurities. The adjustable support assembly is connected to the filtration module through a bearing, so that the smoke inlet end of the smoke collection hood is always vertically downward, and the height of the adjustable support assembly is adjustable, so that the smoke inlet end of the smoke collection hood is always higher than the photovoltaic fire simulation system.

[0011] An experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to the present invention. The spraying system mainly includes the water spray nozzle, the water collection port, a water pipe, a water purification module, a water tank, a water pump, and a power supply. The water spray nozzle, the water collection port, the water purification module, the water tank, and the water pump are sequentially connected through the water pipe, and the power supply supplies power to the water pump. In the spraying system, the water spray nozzle, the water collection port, the water purification module, the water tank, and the water pump are sequentially connected through the water pipe, and the power supply supplies power to the water pump. The water spray nozzle is arranged above the filter screen, and its water spraying direction is the same as the inclination angle for spraying water to eliminate smoke. The water collection port is arranged on one side of the lower smoke baffle plate, slightly higher than the included angle between the lower smoke baffle plate and the filtration module, for collecting the sewage after smoke elimination. The water purification module contains a filter element inside for filtering sewage and collecting soot particles. The water tank is used to hold the filtered purified water. The water pump is used to provide the power for water circulation.

[0012] Advantageously, the spraying range of the water spray nozzle covers the entire cross-section of the filtration module to ensure that no soot overflows from the upper open end of the smoke collection hood.

[0013] An experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to the present invention. The ignition module includes an igniter and a telescopic device. The igniter is located on the telescopic device, and the power and width of the fire source are adjustable for igniting the photovoltaic sample. The telescopic device is used to control the movement of the igniter and adjust the ignition position.

[0014] Advantageously, the igniter is placed on a retractable device and is controlled by the retractable device to move inside the sidewall simulation device before ignition to ignite the combustible gas, and is moved out of the sidewall simulation device after ignition to avoid affecting the monitoring of the flame behavior during combustion.

[0015] An experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention, the monitoring system includes a temperature monitoring module, an air flow pressure module, an internal radiation monitoring module, a floor scale and a mass measurement module; the temperature monitoring module includes a plurality of thermocouples for measuring the temperature of the photovoltaic module and thermocouples for measuring the temperature of building materials, the thermocouples for measuring the temperature of the photovoltaic module are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the photovoltaic sample to measure the surface temperature distribution of the photovoltaic sample; the thermocouples for measuring the temperature of building materials are uniformly arranged on the surface and inside of the building materials to measure the temperature at different positions of the building materials; the air flow pressure module is uniformly arranged longitudinally inside the building materials, and the probe of the air flow pressure module is arranged at the center line of the gap between the photovoltaic sample and the building materials to record the air pressure at different positions of the gap; the internal radiation monitoring module includes a plurality of internal radiation heat flux meters, the internal radiation heat flux meters are longitudinally arranged inside the building materials, and the probes of the internal radiation heat flux meters are flush with the surface of the building materials to measure the magnitude of the radiation heat flux received by the building materials at different positions; the floor scale is arranged below the photovoltaic fire simulation system to measure the mass loss of the photovoltaic sample in real time; the mass measurement module is arranged below the water purification module to measure the mass change of the water purification module, and thus measure the mass of the filtered soot.

[0016] Advantageously, a high-transparency and high-temperature-resistant glass cover is covered on the internal radiation monitoring module to prevent the flame and high-temperature flue gas from directly burning the probe of the internal radiation monitoring module.

[0017] An experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention, the acquisition module is used to collect the real-time data collected by the monitoring system.

[0018] The additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following description or be learned through the practice of the present invention. Description of the Drawings

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easy to understand from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2Schematic diagram of the adjustable bracket in an experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the smoke collection system and the sprinkler system in an experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In this application, all the drawings are schematic drawings, only used to illustrate the principle of the present invention and not drawn to actual scale.

[0023] Description of reference numerals: An experimental platform 1000 for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules, Photovoltaic fire simulation system 100, fixed component 110, building material 120, adjustable bracket 130, universal coupling 131, telescopic bracket 132, electric telescopic module 140, photovoltaic module fixing clip 141, photovoltaic sample 150, Smoke collection system 200, smoke collection hood 210, filtration module 220, smoke baffle 221, filter net 222, adjustable support component 230, Sprinkler system 300, water spray nozzle 310, water collection port 320, water pipe 330, water purification module 340, filter element 341, water tank 350, water pump 360, power supply 370, Ignition module 400, igniter 410, telescopic device 420, Monitoring system 500, temperature monitoring module 510, thermocouple for measuring temperature of photovoltaic module 511, thermocouple for measuring temperature of building material 512, air flow pressure module 520, internal radiation monitoring module 530, floor scale 540, mass measurement module 550, Acquisition module 600. Detailed description of the specific implementation

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0026] The following describes an experimental platform 1000 for testing the combustion behavior of a photovoltaic module with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0027] An experimental platform 1000 for testing the combustion behavior of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, includes: a photovoltaic fire simulation system 100, a smoke collection system 200, a sprinkler system 300, an ignition module 400, a monitoring system 500, a temperature monitoring module 510, and a collection module 600.

[0028] Among them, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the photovoltaic fire simulation system 100 mainly includes a fixed component 110, building materials 120, an adjustable bracket 130, an electric telescopic module 140, and a photovoltaic sample 150; the fixed component 110 is made of a rigid high-temperature resistant material and consists of a long board and two short boards. One end of each of the two short boards is perpendicularly connected and fixed to both ends of the long board to form a "Z"-shaped structure; the adjustable bracket 130 includes a universal coupling 131 and a telescopic bracket 132. The telescopic bracket 132 is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the fixed component 110 through the universal coupling 131. By adjusting the height of the telescopic bracket 132 and the angle between the telescopic bracket 132 and the fixed component 110, photovoltaic fires at different inclinations are simulated; the building materials 120 are arranged on the fixed component 110, and the surface area is the same as that of the long board of the fixed component 110; the electric telescopic modules 140 are arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed component 110, and two electric telescopic modules 140 are evenly arranged on one side, which are used to adjust the distance between the photovoltaic sample 150 module and the building materials 120. A photovoltaic module fixing clip 141 is arranged at the end of the electric telescopic module 140 to ensure stable fixation of the photovoltaic sample 150.

[0029] Optionally, the height of the telescopic bracket 132 in the adjustable bracket 130 is adjusted to make the fixed component 110 vertical to simulate the building facade.

[0030] Optionally, the photovoltaic sample 150 can be a flexible photovoltaic module to simulate the combustible material of building-integrated photovoltaics.

[0031] Optionally, the building materials 120 are concrete materials to simulate the building facade materials.

[0032] Combined with Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the smoke collection system 200 mainly includes a smoke collection hood 210, a filtration module 220, and an adjustable support assembly 230; the smoke collection hood 210 has openings at both the upper and lower ends, and the smoke inlet end faces the gap between the photovoltaic sample 150 and the building material 120. The smoke outlet end of the smoke collection hood 210 is fixedly connected to the filtration module 220; the filtration module 220 has openings at both ends, and the sizes of the openings are the same as the size of the smoke outlet end of the smoke collection hood 210. Inside the filtration module 220, there are two smoke baffle plates 221 and a filter net 222; the two smoke baffle plates 221 are respectively arranged on both sides of the filtration module 220, and the two smoke baffle plates 221 are arranged in an inclined and staggered manner with the same inclination angle. There is a gap between the two smoke baffle plates 221 for extending the smoke spread path and converging sewage; the filter net 222 completely covers the open cross-section of the filtration module 220 for secondary filtering of smoke and dust impurities; the adjustable support assembly 230 is connected to the filtration module 220 through a bearing, so that the smoke inlet end of the smoke collection hood 210 is always vertically downward, and the height of the adjustable support assembly 230 is adjustable, so that the smoke inlet end of the smoke collection hood 210 is always higher than the photovoltaic fire simulation system 100.

[0033] Continue to refer to Figure 3 As shown, the spray system 300 mainly includes a water spray nozzle 310, a water collection port 320, a water pipe 330, a water purification module 340, a water tank 350, a water pump 360, and a power supply 370; the water spray nozzle 310, the water collection port 320, the water purification module 340, the water tank 350, and the water pump 360 are sequentially connected through the water pipe 330, and the power supply 370 supplies power to the water pump 360; the water spray nozzle 310 is arranged above the filter net 222, and the water spray direction of the water spray nozzle 310 is the same as the inclination angle for spraying water to eliminate smoke; the water collection port 320 is arranged on one side of the lower smoke baffle plate 221, slightly higher than the angle between the lower smoke baffle plate 221 and the filtration module 220, for collecting the sewage after smoke elimination; inside the water purification module 340, a filter element 341 is placed for filtering sewage and collecting smoke and dust particles; the water tank 350 is used to hold the filtered purified water; the water pump 360 is used to provide the power for water circulation.

[0034] Advantageously, the spray range of the water spray nozzle 310 covers the entire smoke collection hood 210 to ensure that no smoke and dust overflows from the upper open end of the smoke collection hood 210.

[0035] Refer to Figure 1 As shown, the ignition module 400 includes an igniter 410 and a telescopic device 420. The igniter 410 is located on the telescopic device 420, and the power and width of the fire source are adjustable for igniting the photovoltaic sample 150; the telescopic device 420 is used to control the movement of the igniter 410 to adjust the ignition position.

[0036] Advantageously, the igniter 410 is placed on the retractable device 420 and is controlled by the retractable device 420 to move inside the sidewall simulation device before ignition to ignite the combustible gas, and is moved out of the sidewall simulation device after ignition to avoid affecting the monitoring of the flame behavior during combustion.

[0037] Continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown, the monitoring system 500 includes a temperature monitoring module 510, an air flow pressure module 520, an internal radiation monitoring module 530, a platform scale 540, and a mass measurement module 550; the temperature monitoring module 510 includes a plurality of photovoltaic module temperature measuring thermocouples 511 and building material temperature measuring thermocouples 512. The photovoltaic module temperature measuring thermocouples 511 are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the photovoltaic sample 150 for measuring the surface temperature distribution of the photovoltaic sample 150; the building material temperature measuring thermocouples 512 are uniformly arranged on the surface and inside of the building material 120 for measuring the temperatures at different positions of the building material 120; the air flow pressure module 520 is uniformly arranged along the longitudinal direction inside the building material 120, and the probe of the air flow pressure module 520 is arranged on the center line of the gap between the photovoltaic sample 150 and the building material 120 for recording the air pressure conditions at different positions of the gap; the internal radiation monitoring module 530 includes a plurality of internal radiation heat flux meters. The internal radiation heat flux meters are longitudinally arranged inside the building material 120, and the probes of the internal radiation heat flux meters are flush with the surface of the building material 120 for measuring the magnitude of the radiation heat flux received by the building material 120 at different positions; the platform scale 540 is arranged below the photovoltaic fire simulation system 100 for real-time measurement of the mass loss of the photovoltaic sample 150; the mass measurement module 550 is arranged below the water purification module 340 for measuring the mass change of the water purification module 340, and further measuring the mass of the filtered soot.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is more than three.

[0039] Optionally, the internal radiation monitoring module 530 is a water-cooled radiation heat flux meter, which is convenient for obtaining radiation heat flux data.

[0040] Advantageously, a high-transparency and high-temperature-resistant glass cover is covered on the internal radiation monitoring module 530 to prevent the flame and high-temperature flue gas from directly burning the probe of the internal radiation monitoring module 530.

[0041] As Figure 1 shown, the acquisition module 600 is connected to each module of the monitoring system 500 for collecting the real-time data collected by the monitoring system 500.

[0042] Advantageously, the acquisition module 600 can be a computer, which can collect and analyze the acquired data, improve the automation of data processing, and help analyze the state information of the flame.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, and can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] Figure 1 18 temperature monitoring devices 510, 3 airflow pressure modules 520, and 3 internal radiation monitoring modules 530 are shown for illustrative purposes, but those of ordinary skill in the art can clearly understand, after reading the above technical solution, that the solution can be applied to technical solutions with other numbers of temperature monitoring devices 510, airflow pressure modules 520, and internal radiation monitoring modules 530, which also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] For those of ordinary skill in the art, the generation principle of the "chimney" effect and the installation and use of monitoring devices such as thermocouples and heat flux meters in the experimental platform 1000 for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention are already known and will not be described in detail here.

[0046] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "embodiment" and "example" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0047] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: include: A photovoltaic fire simulation system, which mainly includes fixed components, building materials, adjustable brackets, electric telescopic modules and photovoltaic samples, and is used to simulate photovoltaic system layout plans under different types of building exterior wall scenes; A smoke collection system, which mainly includes a smoke collection hood, a filter module and an adjustable support assembly, and is used to extend the smoke propagation path and filter and eliminate smoke particles; A spray system, which mainly includes a water spray nozzle, a water collection port, a water pipe, a water purification module, a water tank, a water pump and a power supply, and is used to spray water to absorb smoke particles; An ignition module, the ignition module comprising an igniter and a telescopic device, the igniter is located on the telescopic device, the fire source power and the fire source width are adjustable, and is used to ignite the photovoltaic sample; the telescopic device is used to control the movement of the igniter and adjust the ignition position; A monitoring system, the monitoring system comprising a temperature monitoring module, an airflow pressure module, an internal radiation monitoring module, a weighbridge and a mass measurement module, for real-time monitoring of the temperature distribution of the photovoltaic sample, the internal flow field distribution and mass loss, the total mass of the filtered smoke and the temperature signal and radiation heat flux distribution of the building material; A collection module, wherein the collection module is used to collect real-time data collected by the monitoring system.

2. An experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed component is made of hard and high-temperature resistant material, and consists of a long plate and two short plates, one end of the two short plates are respectively connected and fixed vertically to the two ends of the long plate to form a "Z" shaped structure; the building material is arranged on the fixed component, and the surface area is consistent with the long plate of the fixed component; the adjustable bracket includes a universal coupling and a retractable bracket, which is used to change the inclination angle of the fixed component, thereby simulating photovoltaic fires on building facades or roofs with different inclination angles; the retractable bracket in the adjustable bracket is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the fixed component through the universal coupling, and the photovoltaic fire at different inclination angles is simulated by adjusting the height of the retractable bracket and the angle between the retractable bracket and the fixed component.

3. An experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric telescopic module is used to adjust the distance between the photovoltaic sample module and the building material; the electric telescopic module is arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed component, with two electric telescopic modules evenly arranged on one side, and a photovoltaic component fixing clamp is arranged at the end of the electric telescopic module to ensure stable fixation of the photovoltaic sample.

4. The experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke hood is a rectangular structure with open ends at the upper and lower ends, the smoke inlet end faces the gap between the photovoltaic sample and the building material, and the smoke outlet end of the smoke hood is fixedly connected to the filter module; the filter module is open at both ends, and the size of the opening is consistent with the size of the smoke outlet end of the smoke hood, and two smoke baffles and a filter net are provided inside the filter module; the two smoke baffles are respectively arranged on both sides of the filter module, and the two smoke baffles are arranged obliquely and staggered with the same inclination angle, and a gap is left between the two smoke baffles for extending the smoke spreading path and gathering sewage; the filter net can completely cover the opening of the filter module, and is arranged above the smoke baffle for secondary filtration of smoke and impurities.

5. The experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable support assembly is connected to the filter module via a bearing, so that the smoke inlet end of the smoke hood is always vertically downward, and the adjustable support assembly is height-adjustable, so that the smoke inlet end of the smoke hood is always higher than the photovoltaic fire simulation system.

6. An experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 or claim 4, characterized in that: The water spray nozzle, the water collection port, the water purification module, the water tank and the water pump in the spray system are connected in sequence through the water pipe, and the power supply supplies power to the water pump; the water spray nozzle is arranged above the filter net, and its water spraying direction is consistent with the inclination angle, and is used for spraying water to eliminate smoke; the water collection port is arranged on the side of the lower smoke baffle, slightly higher than the angle between the lower smoke baffle and the filter module, and is used for collecting sewage after smoke elimination; a filter element is placed inside the water purification module, which is used for filtering sewage and collecting smoke particles.

7. The experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature monitoring module includes multiple photovoltaic component temperature measuring thermocouples and building material temperature measuring thermocouples. The photovoltaic component temperature measuring thermocouples are evenly arranged on the inner surface of the photovoltaic sample to measure the surface temperature distribution of the photovoltaic sample; the building material temperature measuring thermocouples are evenly arranged on the surface of the building material and inside the building to measure the temperature at different positions of the building material.

8. The experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airflow pressure modules are uniformly arranged inside the building material along the longitudinal direction, and the probes of the airflow pressure modules are arranged at the center line of the gap between the photovoltaic sample and the building material to record the air pressure conditions at different positions of the gap.

9. The experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal radiation monitoring module includes a plurality of internal radiation heat flux meters, which are longitudinally arranged in the building material. The probes of the internal radiation heat flux meters are flush with the surface of the building material and are used to measure the magnitude of the radiation heat flux received by the building material at different positions. The internal radiation monitoring module is covered with a high-transmittance and high-temperature resistant glass cover to prevent flames and high-temperature smoke from directly burning the probes of the internal radiation monitoring module.

10. The experimental platform for testing the combustion behavior of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floor scale is arranged below the photovoltaic fire simulation system, and is used to measure the mass loss of the photovoltaic sample in real time; the mass measurement module is arranged below the water purification module, and is used to measure the mass change of the water purification module, and then measure the mass of the filtered smoke.

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