Heat storage system for coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarburization and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a new energy, hydrogen production and decarburization coupling heat storage system and a control method. The system comprises a new energy power unit, an electrolytic hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen storage unit, an industrial decarburization unit and a heat storage unit. New energy electric power is used for electrolytic hydrogen production and industrial decarburization, and residual electric energy is converted into heat energy to be stored; heat generated in the electrolytic hydrogen production process and the hydrogen storage process is conveyed to the heat storage unit; the heat storage unit provides hydrogen release heat for the hydrogen storage unit and provides adsorbent regeneration heat for the industrial decarburization unit. According to the control method, system operation is divided into an energy storage mode, a balance mode and an energy release mode by collecting system operation data in real time, heat energy distribution of a heat storage unit is dynamically adjusted based on a fuzzy PID algorithm, and rapid heat self-consistent response of a hydrogen storage unit, stable regenerative heat supply of a decarburization unit and efficient consumption of new energy power are achieved. Through multi-unit coupling and heat energy gradient utilization, the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical fields of new energy and energy storage technologies, hydrogen production, and carbon capture and storage technologies. Specifically, it is a heat storage system and control method that couples new energy, hydrogen production, and decarbonization, which is used to optimize the electro-thermal conversion and storage of renewable energy, improve the thermal management efficiency of the hydrogen storage system, and provide stable thermal energy support for the decarbonization process, thereby enhancing the overall energy efficiency and economy of the hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and carbon capture systems. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is an effective "green" energy consumption carrier, and its large-scale production mainly relies on electrolysis water technology. Currently, the process of producing green hydrogen is to drive the electrolytic cell to work with the electric energy generated by renewable power plants to achieve hydrogen production. Due to the intermittency of renewable power plants, a hydrogen storage system is often required to alleviate the instability of the hydrogen production process. The production of green hydrogen can not only promote the development of the energy structure towards low-carbon and sustainable directions but also effectively improve the consumption capacity of renewable energy.

[0003] The storage of hydrogen usually includes methods such as high-pressure hydrogen storage, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage. Among them, solid-state hydrogen storage has received extensive attention in recent years due to its high safety, large hydrogen storage density, and other advantages. In the process of solid-state hydrogen storage, materials such as metal hydrides store hydrogen inside the material through a hydrogen absorption reaction, and when hydrogen needs to be released, the hydrogen is released again through a hydrogen desorption reaction. However, the hydrogen storage system has two thermochemical conversion processes of hydrogen storage / desorption, and the heat demand during the conversion process is strong. Once the heat generated during the hydrogen storage / desorption process cannot be reasonably utilized, there will be a problem of low supply utilization rate of the hydrogen storage system, which not only wastes resources but also affects the stability of the overall hydrogen production system and the flexibility of consuming renewable energy.

[0004] At the same time, in the industrial production process, the carbon dioxide capture and storage technology also faces problems such as high energy consumption and high cost. Especially when using the adsorption method for decarbonization, the regeneration process of the adsorbent requires a large amount of thermal energy. The traditional method is to use fossil energy to provide heat sources, which not only increases the operating cost but also generates additional carbon emissions, contrary to the emission reduction goal. In addition, there is a significant spatio-temporal mismatch between the power generation characteristics of renewable energy and the electricity load. During the low electricity consumption period, a large amount of renewable energy electricity cannot be consumed in time, resulting in the phenomenon of abandoning wind and light. During the high electricity consumption period, traditional thermal power is needed to meet the electricity demand, which seriously affects the economy and system efficiency of renewable energy.

[0005] In the prior art, for example, the Chinese invention patent application CN119298154A discloses a comprehensive energy system integrating new energy power generation and electric-hydrogen hybrid energy storage. The system converts methane into hydrogen through a methane cracking hydrogen production device, and uses fuel cells and micro gas turbines to generate electricity, while combining power storage, heat storage and hydrogen storage units to achieve multi-energy complementarity. However, the system relies on methane cracking to produce hydrogen, does not use a heat storage system to solve the thermal management problem of the hydrogen storage system, and does not incorporate the decarbonization process into the system, which limits its overall energy utilization efficiency and carbon reduction potential.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies have certain limitations in green hydrogen preparation, thermal management of hydrogen storage systems, thermal energy supply of decarbonization systems, and conversion of new energy power and thermal energy. Therefore, how to build an efficient thermal storage system that can be coupled with renewable energy, hydrogen storage systems, and decarbonization processes to achieve efficient storage and utilization of thermal energy is a technical problem that needs to be solved in the current field of hydrogen energy preparation and decarbonization. Summary of the invention

[0007] 1. Purpose of the invention In view of the above-mentioned defects and deficiencies in the prior art, in order to solve at least one of the technical problems and other aspects thereof, the present invention aims to provide a heat storage system and control method for coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization, by constructing a thermal energy coupling mechanism between the heat storage unit, the hydrogen storage unit and the decarbonization unit, and utilizing the heat storage medium to absorb and release the heat of the thermochemical reaction of the hydrogen storage unit, so as to achieve thermal self-consistency in the hydrogen storage / release process and enhance the stability of hydrogen energy storage. At the same time, the heat storage unit can utilize new energy electricity for thermal energy storage, provide the heat energy required for adsorbent regeneration during the decarbonization process, and improve the efficiency of carbon capture and storage. In addition, the system can adaptively adjust the power supply mode and energy conversion mode according to environmental information, realize the cascade utilization of heat demand for hydrogen storage and decarbonization regeneration, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen production, decarbonization and the utilization rate of renewable energy, reducing the power load of the hydrogen storage unit and decarbonization work, enhancing the stability of the system's cyclic heating supply, and storing electric energy during the valley electricity price period of the power grid, thereby improving the installed capacity utilization rate and economic benefits.

[0008] (II) Technical solution In order to achieve the purpose of the invention and solve the technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The first invention object of the present invention is to provide a heat storage system that couples new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization, which is used to achieve efficient consumption of renewable energy and cascade utilization of heat energy in the process of hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-decarbonization, and at least includes a new energy power unit, an electrolytic hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen storage unit, an industrial decarbonization unit and a heat storage unit. Specifically: The new energy power unit at least includes a wind power generation module and / or a photovoltaic power generation module, which is used to convert wind energy and / or solar energy into electric energy, and transmit the electric energy to the electrolytic hydrogen production unit and the industrial decarbonization unit, while converting part of the electric energy into heat energy and storing it in the heat storage unit; The electrolytic hydrogen production unit at least includes an electrolytic cell module, which is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen by using new energy power, and transmit the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen storage unit for storage; The hydrogen storage unit at least includes a solid-state hydrogen storage module and a heat exchange module, which are used to store and release hydrogen, and realize the heat energy exchange of the hydrogen absorption and hydrogen release processes through thermal connection with the heat storage unit; The industrial decarbonization unit at least includes an adsorption decarbonization module and a CO 2 compression module, wherein the adsorption decarbonization module is connected to the heat storage unit to regenerate the adsorbent by using the heat provided by the heat storage unit, and transmit the low-grade heat generated in the decarbonization process back to the heat storage unit for storage, and the CO 2 compression module is connected to the new energy power unit to compress and store CO when the power is sufficient by using new energy power. 2 The heat storage unit at least includes a heat storage medium and a heat exchange module. The heat storage medium is used to store and release heat. The heat exchange module is connected to the new energy power unit, the hydrogen storage unit and the industrial decarbonization unit respectively through an electric heating device, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, and is used to convert the electric energy transmitted by the new energy power unit into heat energy for storage, absorb heat during the hydrogen storage process and provide heat during the hydrogen release process, and provide heat for the adsorbent regeneration and receive the low-grade heat generated in the decarbonization process.

[0009] The second object of the present invention is to provide a control method for the heat storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization. The control method includes the following steps when implemented: SS1. Data acquisition and prediction Collect the key operation data of the new energy power unit, the electrolytic hydrogen production unit, the hydrogen storage unit, the industrial decarbonization unit and the heat storage unit in real time, and short-term predict the output change trend of the new energy power unit; SS2. System operation mode determination According to the matching relationship between the new energy power generation power and the power consumption load, the system operation is divided into an energy storage mode, a balance mode and an energy release mode: when the new energy power generation power is greater than the power consumption load, the system enters the energy storage mode; when the new energy power generation power is less than the power consumption load and greater than the minimum operation power, the system enters the balance mode; when the new energy power generation power is less than the minimum operation power, the system enters the energy release mode; SS3. Control strategy in the energy storage mode The excess electric energy is distributed for electrolytic hydrogen production and heat storage according to a preset ratio, and the remaining electric energy is directly converted into heat energy through an electric heating device for storage. Among them, the heat generated during the electrolytic hydrogen production process is transported to the heat storage unit through a corresponding heat exchange module; the hydrogen produced is transported to the hydrogen storage unit, and the heat released during the hydrogen storage process is transported to the heat storage unit through a corresponding heat exchange module; SS4. Control strategy in the balance mode According to the heat demand of the industrial decarbonization unit, adjust the heat provided by the heat storage unit to the adsorption bed; monitor the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage unit, and correspondingly adjust the heat exchange amount of the first heat exchanger; adjust the operating parameters of each unit in real time to maintain the stable operation of the system; SS5. Control strategy in the exothermic mode According to the electricity load demand, adjust the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage unit; the heat storage unit preferentially provides heat for the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage unit, and the remaining heat is used for the regeneration of the adsorbent in the industrial decarbonization unit; SS6. Dynamic optimization control Based on the fuzzy PID control algorithm, by adjusting the thermal self-consistent response time of the hydrogen storage unit, the regeneration heat supply volatility of the industrial decarbonization unit, and the consumption rate of new energy power in real time, the system can meet the preset performance index requirements.

[0010] (III) Technical effects Compared with the existing technology, the heat storage system and control method for coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization of the present invention have the following beneficial and remarkable technical effects: (1) Through the heat storage unit, the present invention can specifically provide heat energy for the hydrogen storage and decarbonization modules, recover the waste heat of the hydrogen absorption reaction during the hydrogen storage process, and provide a stable heat energy input during hydrogen release. At the same time, the heat storage unit can accurately match the heat demand for the regeneration of the adsorbent in the industrial decarbonization unit, improve the CO 2 capture and separation efficiency, thereby improving the hydrogen production, decarbonization efficiency and the utilization rate of renewable energy. It not only reduces the electricity load of the hydrogen storage module and decarbonization work, but also improves the stability of the system's cyclic heat supply.

[0011] (2) The present invention uses new energy power to drive electrolytic water hydrogen production, and converts part of the electric energy into heat energy through an electric heating device or other energy conversion equipment and stores it in the heat storage unit. During the peak period of electricity demand, the dynamic distribution of heat energy reduces the additional load on the power grid. It can not only achieve 100% consumption of renewable electricity, but also store electric energy during the valley electricity price period of the power grid at night, thereby increasing the installed utilization hours of electrolytic hydrogen production and decarbonization, and further improving the economy.

[0012] (3) The present invention uses renewable electricity for heat storage. For the power supply units of wind farms and photovoltaic farms, which both belong to new energy sources and have the same connection relationship, it has good scalability and can flexibly expand the scale of new energy power generation units. For example, the number of wind turbines or photovoltaic modules can be increased to improve the proportion of new energy used in the system and reduce the electricity cost of the power grid.

[0013] (4) The heat storage system of the present invention that couples new energy, hydrogen production, and decarbonization can determine the power supply mode of the power module and the energy conversion mode of the energy conversion module according to environmental information, and can realize the cascaded utilization of the heat demand for hydrogen storage and decarbonization regeneration. Moreover, through the energy management control of the heat storage system, the present invention synergistically optimizes the heat demands of the hydrogen storage unit and the industrial decarbonization unit, ensures the precise matching of the heat energy in the hydrogen absorption, hydrogen release, and CO 2 capture processes, and dynamically regulates the heat energy distribution ratio of the heat storage unit using the fuzzy PID algorithm, so that the thermal self-consistent response time of the hydrogen storage unit ≤ 30 seconds and the regeneration heat supply volatility of the industrial decarbonization unit ≤ 5%, thereby improving the overall heat energy utilization efficiency of the system. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the heat storage system that couples new energy, hydrogen production, and decarbonization provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 is a flowchart of the control method for the above heat storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0016] The present invention aims to provide a heat storage system and a control method that couple new energy, hydrogen production, and decarbonization. To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the introduced drawings are only the drawings of a part of the embodiments to be described by the present invention, rather than all the drawings. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0017] Embodiment 1: Coupling System Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of a heat storage system that couples new energy, hydrogen production, and decarbonization provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the marked heat storage unit 1 is respectively coupled and connected to a new energy power unit 2, an electrolytic hydrogen production unit 3, a hydrogen storage unit 4, and a decarbonization unit 5. In this coupled system, the heat storage unit 1 can provide stable thermal management requirements for the hydrogen storage unit 4 to achieve thermal self-consistency matching the hydrogen storage unit 4. The heat storage medium can be sensible heat storage materials, phase change heat storage materials, and thermochemical heat storage materials, and thermochemical heat storage materials are particularly preferred. During the hydrogen absorption reaction process of the hydrogen storage unit 4, the heat released by the hydrogen absorption reaction is stored by the heat storage medium. When releasing hydrogen, the heat storage medium releases heat and provides it to the hydrogen storage system again to meet the heat demand for hydrogen release. Another function of the heat storage unit 1 is that it can directly convert new energy power into thermal energy for storage, and when releasing heat, it can be directly coupled and utilized with new energy power. Among them, the heat release fluid enters the decarbonization adsorption bed layer to provide heat for the cyclic regeneration of the adsorbent. Suitable industrial decarbonization scenarios can be decarbonization by absorption method, decarbonization by adsorption method, etc., and decarbonization by adsorption method is particularly preferred. The new energy power provides energy for the compression and storage of purified carbon dioxide, and the low-grade heat returns to the heat storage unit 1 for quality improvement and then is recycled.

[0018] In an embodiment of the present invention, the new energy power unit 2 includes at least a wind power generation module and / or a photovoltaic power generation module, which are used to convert wind energy and / or solar energy into electrical energy, and deliver the electrical energy to the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 3 and the industrial decarbonization unit 5. At the same time, part of the electrical energy is converted into thermal energy and stored in the heat storage unit 1.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present invention, the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 3 includes an electrolytic cell module, which is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen using new energy power and deliver the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen storage unit for storage. The electrolytic cell module preferably adopts at least one of an alkaline electrolytic cell, a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, or a solid oxide electrolytic cell, which is used to efficiently electrolyze water to produce hydrogen using new energy power and deliver the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen storage unit for storage. In addition, the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 3 also includes a gas purification module, a gas pressurization module, and a heat exchange module. The gas purification module purifies the hydrogen generated by electrolysis using pressure swing adsorption or membrane separation technology. The gas pressurization module pressurizes the purified hydrogen to the working pressure required by the hydrogen storage unit. The heat exchange module is used to deliver the heat generated during the electrolytic hydrogen production process to the heat storage unit 1 for storage.

[0020] In the embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen storage unit 4 at least includes a solid hydrogen storage module and a heat exchange module, which are used to store and release hydrogen, and realize heat energy exchange in the process of hydrogen absorption and release by thermal connection with the heat storage unit 1. Preferably, the solid hydrogen storage module includes a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank, in which multiple layers of metal hydride hydrogen storage materials are arranged, and heat exchange channels are arranged between the hydrogen storage material layers. The hydrogen storage material is at least one of magnesium-based alloy, titanium-based alloy or rare earth-based alloy, and its hydrogen absorption reaction exothermic temperature is 120~180℃, and the hydrogen release reaction endothermic temperature is 160~250℃; the heat exchange module includes a control valve and a spiral heat exchange tube arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, the spiral heat exchange tube is used to exchange heat with the heat storage unit during the hydrogen storage / release process, and the control valve is used to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen adsorption and release process to achieve temperature control during hydrogen storage and release, and prevent local overheating or heat loss.

[0021] In the embodiment of the present invention, the industrial decarbonization unit 5 comprises at least an adsorption decarbonization module and a CO 2 The compression module, wherein the adsorption decarbonization module is connected to the heat storage unit, so as to utilize the heat provided by the heat storage unit 1 to regenerate the adsorbent, and to transport the low-grade heat generated during the decarbonization process back to the heat storage unit 1 for storage, CO 2 The compression module is connected to the renewable energy power unit to use renewable energy power to convert CO 2 As a preference, the adsorption decarbonization module adopts a temperature swing adsorption process, comprising a plurality of adsorption beds connected in parallel, each of which is filled with at least one adsorbent selected from molecular sieves, activated carbon, metal organic frameworks or modified porous silicon materials; the adsorption bed adopts a fixed bed or moving bed structure, and is provided with a heat exchange device for exchanging heat with the heat storage unit. In addition, CO 2 The compression module preferably includes a multi-stage compressor unit and a CO 2 The storage tank uses a multi-stage compression method to compress the CO separated in the decarbonization process 2 It is compressed to a supercritical state of 3~10 MPa for storage, and the temperature generated during the compression process is lowered through a cooling system to reduce energy loss during the compression process.

[0022] In an embodiment of the present invention, the heat storage unit 1 includes at least a heat storage medium and a heat exchange module, wherein the heat storage medium is used to store and release heat, and the heat exchange module is connected to the new energy power unit, the hydrogen storage unit and the industrial decarbonization unit through an electric heating device, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, respectively, to convert the electric energy transmitted by the new energy power unit into thermal energy for storage, absorb heat during the hydrogen storage process and provide heat during the hydrogen release process, and provide heat for adsorbent regeneration and receive low-grade heat generated during the decarbonization process.

[0023] Preferably, the heat storage medium includes at least one of sensible heat storage materials, phase change heat storage materials, and thermochemical heat storage materials. The sensible heat storage materials are selected from molten salts, heat transfer oils, or nanofluids; the phase change heat storage materials are selected from organic phase change materials or inorganic phase change materials; the thermochemical heat storage materials are selected from metal hydrides, metal oxides, or metal carbonates. The operating temperature range of the heat storage medium is 50 - 800 °C. More preferably, the heat storage medium is a thermochemical heat storage material, which realizes the absorption and release of thermal energy through reversible chemical reactions, and its reaction enthalpy change range is -100 kJ / kg to +200 kJ / kg to adapt to the heat demand of the hydrogen storage unit for hydrogen absorption and heat release and hydrogen release and heat absorption. The thermochemical heat storage materials are selected from at least one of metal oxide systems, perovskite systems, or sulfate systems, and their cycle stability is not less than 500 times, and the heat storage density ≥ 1.5 GJ / m³. In addition, the heat storage unit is preferably equipped with a heat energy upgrading module for upgrading the low-grade heat generated by the industrial decarbonization unit, including at least two-stage thermochemical reactors. The first-stage reactor uses low-grade waste heat to drive the dehydration reaction of Ca(OH) 2 to generate CaO, and the second-stage reactor releases medium-grade heat of 120 - 150 °C through the reaction of CaO with water vapor, and circulates the upgraded heat to the hydrogen storage unit or the industrial decarbonization unit to achieve cascaded utilization and cyclic supply of thermal energy.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coupling system further includes an energy management and control unit 6, which is communicatively connected to the new energy power unit 2, the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 3, the hydrogen storage unit 4, the industrial decarbonization unit 5, and the heat storage unit 1. By real-time collecting the output fluctuation data of the new energy power unit, the hydrogen absorption or hydrogen release reaction rate signal of the hydrogen storage unit, and the regeneration heat demand signal of the industrial decarbonization unit, and dynamically adjusting the thermal energy distribution ratio of the heat storage unit based on the fuzzy PID algorithm, the thermal self-consistent response time of the hydrogen storage unit ≤ 30 seconds, the regeneration heat supply volatility of the decarbonization unit ≤ 5%, and ensuring that the consumption rate of new energy power ≥ 98%.

[0025] In summary, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a heat storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production, and decarbonization. Through the efficient coupling of the heat storage unit with the new energy power unit, the electrolytic hydrogen production unit, the hydrogen storage unit, and the industrial decarbonization unit, the thermal self-consistency of the hydrogen storage unit, the stable heat supply of the industrial decarbonization unit, and the efficient consumption of new energy power are realized.

[0026] Embodiment 2: Control Method Based on the above Embodiment 1, this Embodiment 2 further provides a control method for the above heat storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production, and decarbonization. When the control method is implemented, it includes the following steps: SS1. Data collection and prediction Collect the key operation data of the new energy power unit, electrolytic hydrogen production unit, hydrogen storage unit, industrial decarbonization unit, and heat storage unit in real time, short-term predict the output change trend of the new energy power unit, and predict the system load distribution within the future time window to optimize the energy scheduling strategy.

[0027] The collected key operation data includes: the wind speed, solar radiation intensity, power generation, grid connection status, and electricity surplus of the new energy power unit; the hydrogen production rate, current density, electrolyzer temperature, and by-product gas concentration of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit; the hydrogen storage pressure, hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction rates, hydrogen storage temperature distribution, and heat exchange efficiency of the hydrogen storage unit; the CO 2 capture efficiency, adsorption bed temperature, regeneration heat demand, and CO 2 compression load of the industrial decarbonization unit; the heat storage level, heat release rate, heat storage medium temperature, and low-grade heat recovery amount of the heat storage unit, etc.

[0028] SS2. System operation mode determination According to the matching relationship between new energy power generation and electricity load, the system operation is divided into an energy storage mode, a balance mode, and an energy release mode: when the new energy power generation is greater than the electricity load, the system enters the energy storage mode; when the new energy power generation is less than the electricity load and greater than the minimum operating power, the system enters the balance mode; when the new energy power generation is less than the minimum operating power, the system enters the energy release mode.

[0029] SS3. Control strategy in the energy storage mode Allocate the excess electric energy for electrolytic hydrogen production and heat storage according to a preset ratio, and directly convert the remaining electric energy into heat energy through an electric heating device for storage. Among them: the heat generated during the electrolytic hydrogen production process is transported to the heat storage unit through the corresponding heat exchange module; the produced hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen storage unit, and the heat released during the hydrogen storage process is transported to the heat storage unit through the corresponding heat exchange module.

[0030] SS4. Control strategy in the balance mode Adjust the heat provided by the heat storage unit to the adsorption bed according to the heat demand of the industrial decarbonization unit; monitor the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage unit and correspondingly adjust the heat exchange amount of the first heat exchanger; adjust the operation parameters of each unit in real time to maintain the stable operation of the system.

[0031] SS5. Control strategy in the energy release mode Adjust the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage unit according to the electricity load demand; the heat storage unit preferentially provides heat for the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage unit, and the remaining heat is used for the regeneration of the adsorbent in the industrial decarbonization unit.

[0032] SS6. Dynamic optimization control Based on the fuzzy PID control algorithm, by adjusting the thermal self-consistent response time of the hydrogen storage unit, the regeneration heat supply volatility of the industrial decarbonization unit, and the consumption rate of new energy power in real time, the system can meet the preset performance index requirements.

[0033] Through the above embodiments, the object of the present invention is completely and effectively achieved. Those skilled in the art can understand that the present invention includes but is not limited to the content described in the drawings and the above specific embodiments. Although the present invention has been described with respect to the currently considered most practical and preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and any modifications that do not deviate from the functional and structural principles of the present invention will be included in the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A heat storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization, comprising a new energy power unit, an electrolytic hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen storage unit, an industrial decarbonization unit and a heat storage unit, characterized in that: The new energy power unit at least includes a wind power generation module and / or a photovoltaic power generation module, which is used to convert wind energy and / or solar energy into electrical energy, and transmit the electrical energy to the electrolysis hydrogen production unit and the industrial decarbonization unit, while converting part of the electrical energy into thermal energy and storing it in a thermal storage unit; The electrolysis hydrogen production unit comprises at least an electrolyzer module, which is used to produce hydrogen by electrolyzing water using new energy electricity, and to transport the generated hydrogen to a hydrogen storage unit for storage; The hydrogen storage unit at least includes a solid hydrogen storage module and a heat exchange module, which are used to store and release hydrogen, and realize heat energy exchange in the process of hydrogen absorption and release by thermal connection with the heat storage unit; The industrial decarbonization unit at least includes an adsorption decarbonization module and a CO2 compression module, wherein the adsorption decarbonization module is connected to a heat storage unit to utilize the heat provided by the heat storage unit to regenerate the adsorbent and transport the low-grade heat generated during the decarbonization process back to the heat storage unit for storage, and the CO2 compression module is connected to a new energy power unit to utilize the new energy power to compress and store CO2 when the power is sufficient; The heat storage unit at least includes a heat storage medium and a heat exchange device. The heat storage medium is used to store and release heat. The heat exchange device is connected to the new energy power unit, the hydrogen storage unit and the industrial decarbonization unit respectively by arranging an electric heating device, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, and is used to convert the electric energy transmitted by the new energy power unit into thermal energy for storage, absorb heat during the hydrogen storage process and provide heat during the hydrogen release process, provide heat for adsorbent regeneration and receive low-grade heat generated during the decarbonization process.

2. The thermal storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system also includes an energy management control unit, which is communicatively connected to the new energy power unit, the electrolytic hydrogen production unit, the hydrogen storage unit, the industrial decarbonization unit and the heat storage unit. It collects the output fluctuation data of the new energy power unit, the hydrogen absorption or release reaction rate signal of the hydrogen storage unit, and the regeneration heat demand signal of the industrial decarbonization unit in real time, and dynamically adjusts the thermal energy distribution ratio of the heat storage unit based on the fuzzy PID algorithm, so that the thermal self-consistent response time of the hydrogen storage unit is ≤30 seconds, the regeneration heat supply fluctuation rate of the decarbonization unit is ≤5%, and the consumption rate of the new energy power is ensured to be ≥98%.

3. The thermal storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electrolyzer module of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit adopts at least one of an alkaline electrolyzer, a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer or a solid oxide electrolyzer, which is used to efficiently utilize new energy electricity to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, and transport the generated hydrogen to a hydrogen storage unit for storage.

4. The thermal storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electrolytic hydrogen production unit also includes a gas purification module, a gas pressurizing module and a heat exchange module, wherein the gas purification module uses pressure swing adsorption or membrane separation technology to purify the hydrogen generated by electrolysis, the gas pressurizing module pressurizes the purified hydrogen to the working pressure required by the hydrogen storage unit, and the heat exchange module is used to transport the heat generated during the electrolytic hydrogen production process to the heat storage unit for storage.

5. The thermal storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the hydrogen storage unit, the solid-state hydrogen storage module includes a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank, in which multiple layers of metal hydride hydrogen storage material are arranged, and heat exchange channels are arranged between the hydrogen storage material layers. The hydrogen storage material is at least one of a magnesium-based alloy, a titanium-based alloy or a rare earth-based alloy, and its hydrogen absorption reaction exothermic temperature is 120~180℃, and the hydrogen release reaction endothermic temperature is 160~250℃; the heat exchange module includes a control valve and a spiral heat exchange tube arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, the spiral heat exchange tube is used to exchange heat with the heat storage unit during the hydrogen storage / release process, and the control valve is used to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen adsorption and release process.

6. The thermal storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The adsorption decarbonization module adopts a temperature-swing adsorption process, including multiple parallel adsorption beds, each of which is filled with at least one adsorbent selected from the group consisting of molecular sieves, activated carbon, metal organic frameworks or modified porous silicon materials; the adsorption bed adopts a fixed bed or a moving bed structure, and is provided with a heat exchange device for exchanging heat with a heat storage unit.

7. The thermal storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The CO2 compression module includes a multi-stage compressor unit and a CO2 storage tank. The CO2 separated during the decarbonization process is compressed to a supercritical state of 3-10 MPa by a multi-stage compression method for storage, and the temperature generated during the compression process is lowered by a cooling system to reduce energy loss during the compression process.

8. The thermal storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the heat storage unit, the heat storage medium includes at least one of a sensible heat storage material, a phase change heat storage material and a thermochemical heat storage material, wherein the sensible heat storage material is selected from molten salt, heat transfer oil or nanofluid, the phase change heat storage material is selected from organic phase change material or inorganic phase change material, and the thermochemical heat storage material is selected from metal hydride, metal oxide or metal carbonate; the operating temperature range of the heat storage medium is 50~800℃.

9. The thermal storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization according to claim 8, characterized in that: The heat storage medium is a thermochemical heat storage material, which absorbs and releases thermal energy through a reversible chemical reaction, and its reaction enthalpy change range is -100 kJ / kg to +200 kJ / kg, so as to adapt to the heat demand of hydrogen storage unit for absorbing hydrogen and releasing heat, and the thermochemical heat storage material is selected from at least one of a metal oxide system, a perovskite system or a sulfate system, and its cycle stability is not less than 500 times, and the thermal storage density is ≥1.5 GJ / m³.

10. The thermal storage system coupling new energy, hydrogen production and decarbonization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage unit is also equipped with a heat upgrading module for upgrading the low-grade heat generated by the industrial decarbonization unit, and includes at least two stages of thermochemical reactors. The first stage reactor uses low-grade waste heat to drive the dehydration reaction of Ca(OH)2 to generate CaO, and the second stage reactor releases medium-grade heat of 120-150°C through the reaction of CaO with water vapor, and circulates the upgraded heat to the hydrogen storage unit or the industrial decarbonization unit to achieve the cascade utilization and cyclic supply of thermal energy.

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