Electric bicycle internet of things electronic license plate management system and management and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric bicycle internet-of-things electronic license plate management system and a management and control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle-mounted electronics, and the system comprises an internet-of-things electronic license plate system, a management and control center and an APP client. The technical problems that wiring is tedious, signal interference is serious and remote monitoring capacity is insufficient in traditional battery monitoring are solved through the design of an EC-Bus and various wireless communication electronic license plate modules, the Internet of Things electronic license plate special for the electric vehicle is achieved, real-time remote monitoring of the charging state and the health condition of the battery is achieved through an APP, and the real-time remote monitoring of the charging state and the health condition of the battery is achieved. An EC-Bus bus technology is introduced, power supply and carrier communication are integrated on the same bus, a battery voltage / current acquisition module and a communication module are separately arranged, wiring complexity and signal interference are remarkably reduced, and machine learning and a mathematical model are adopted to accurately evaluate battery health, so that the service life of a battery is prolonged, and the system safety is improved. The whole system design is highly integrated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of vehicle-mounted electronic technology, and particularly relates to an Internet of Things electronic license plate management system for electric bicycles and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the group of people traveling by electric bicycles is huge, and dynamic network traffic information management has not been realized for two-wheeled, three-wheeled, and four-wheeled electric bicycles with different structures among the numerous people. In particular, the power batteries and chargers of various electric bicycles on the market have inconsistent quality and technical standards, and there are also illegal modifications of power batteries, resulting in power batteries being charged indoors, electric bicycles being charged in buildings, and centralized charging in electric bicycle parking lots, often causing major fire accidents due to power battery failures.

[0003] With the wide application of electric vehicles in urban transportation and shared travel, electronic license plates and intelligent battery management systems have gradually become important components for improving vehicle safety and management efficiency.

[0004] The current management solutions for electric vehicles on the market mainly focus on the electronic license plates and vehicle management systems of traditional fuel vehicles. For electric vehicles, there is still a lack of an Internet of Things electronic license plate system that can monitor the battery charging process in real time through an APP. The existing technologies have the following main deficiencies: Lack of electric vehicle electronic license plates and remote monitoring platforms: At present, there is no dedicated Internet of Things electronic license plate for electric vehicles on the market, which means that users cannot directly monitor the battery charging process, understand the battery health status and charging status through a mobile APP. Traditional vehicle license plates are limited to vehicle identity recognition and cannot provide real-time battery status and charging information, seriously restricting the development of intelligent electric vehicle management.

[0005] Traditional battery monitoring relies on cumbersome wired acquisition methods: Existing battery charging monitoring systems usually require adding local acquisition terminals, which directly collect battery voltage or current data through wires. This wired acquisition method not only has complex wiring and high installation difficulty, but is also easily affected by external electromagnetic interference during actual use, resulting in unstable acquisition data, thus affecting the monitoring accuracy and system reliability.

[0006] Lack of a unified and low-interference data transmission bus: In current battery monitoring systems, data transmission between various modules usually uses separate wiring or standard bus technology, but neither can achieve high integration of power supply and data transmission. There is no dedicated bus system designed for electric vehicle battery monitoring in the existing technologies, and it is impossible to effectively separate the acquisition and communication modules, resulting in problems such as signal interference and data loss easily occurring in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide an Internet of Things electronic license plate management system for electric bicycles and its control method, which solves the technical problems of cumbersome wiring, serious signal interference and insufficient remote monitoring ability in traditional battery monitoring through the design of EC-Bus bus and multiple wireless communication electronic license plate modules.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An Internet of Things electronic license plate management system for electric bicycles includes an electronic license plate system, a control center and an APP client; The electronic license plate system includes a wireless communication electronic license plate module and a battery power module. The wireless communication electronic license plate module and the battery power module communicate with each other through an EC-Bus bus. The EC-Bus bus is a two-wire bus that shares low-voltage power supply and carrier communication. The wireless communication electronic license plate module includes a communication processor, a WiFi module, a Bluetooth module, an NB-IoT module, a Beidou module, a regulated power supply and an EC-Bus interface circuit. The WiFi module, the Bluetooth module, the NB-IoT module, the Beidou module and the EC-Bus interface circuit are all connected to the communication processor; The wireless communication electronic license plate module is used to communicate with the control center and the APP client through a wireless network. The regulated power supply is connected to the EC-Bus interface circuit and supplies power to other modules in the communication processor; The battery power module includes a power battery pack unit, a charging control unit, a DC charging connector and an external electric vehicle drive motor control system. The power battery pack unit is connected to the charging control unit. The communication end of the charging control unit is connected to the EC-Bus interface circuit through the EC-Bus bus. The power supply end of the charging control unit is connected to the DC charging connector. The power supply end of the external electric vehicle drive motor control system is connected to the DC charging connector; The EC-Bus interface circuit is used to receive and process the carrier signal and low-voltage power supply sent by the charging control unit through the EC-Bus bus; The charging control unit is used to monitor the charging / discharging actions of the power battery pack unit, generate monitoring data, and send it to the wireless communication electronic license plate module through the EC-Bus bus.

[0009] Preferably, the control center is a central server, and the APP client is a mobile phone APP client.

[0010] Preferably, the voltage stabilizing power supply includes a battery management chip, an LDO voltage regulator, and a thin-film supercapacitor. The input end of the battery management chip is connected to the power output end of the EC-Bus interface circuit, and the output end outputs the VDD1 power supply. The thin-film supercapacitor is connected to the battery management chip. The input end of the LDO voltage regulator is connected to the VDD1 power supply, and the output end outputs the VDD power supply; The VDD1 power supply powers the NB-IoT module, and the VDD power supply powers the communication processor, WiFi module, Bluetooth module, and Beidou module; The EC-Bus interface circuit includes a third voltage regulator and a first carrier data processing circuit. The IN input end and GND end of the third voltage regulator are respectively connected to the EC+ end and N- end of the BC-Bus bus. The OUT output end of the third voltage regulator outputs the VCC1 power supply, and this VCC1 power supply powers the battery management chip; The EC+ signal input end of the first carrier data processing circuit is connected to the EC+ end of the BC-Bus bus, and the serial communication end is connected to a UATR interface of the communication processing unit; The first carrier data processing circuit is used to process the signals of the BC-Bus bus into serial data signals; The model of the battery management chip is BQ24075; the model of the LDO voltage regulator is AMS1117-3.3, and the model of the thin-film supercapacitor is LSC 3.3F 5.5V.

[0011] Preferably, the first carrier data processing circuit includes a triode Q2, a triode Q1, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a diode D22, a diode D21, a resistor R23, a resistor R24, a resistor R25, a capacitor C21, a comparator IC4, a resistor R28, a resistor R26, and a resistor R27. The emitter of the triode Q2 is connected to the VCC1 power supply through the resistor R21, the base outputs the TXD3 end of the serial communication end of the first carrier data processing circuit through the resistor R27, and the collector is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R26; The collector of the triode Q1 is connected to the VCC1 power supply, the base is connected to the collector of the triode Q2, and the emitter is connected to the ground wire; The positive pole of the diode D22 is connected to the ground wire, and the negative pole is connected to the collector of the triode Q1; The collector of the triode Q1 outputs the EC+ signal input end of the first carrier data processing circuit through the resistor R22; The positive pole of the diode D21 is connected to the EC+ signal input end of the first carrier data processing circuit, the negative pole is connected to the positive input end of the comparator IC4 through the resistor R23, the negative pole of the diode D21 is also connected to the negative input end of the comparator IC4 through the resistor R24, one end of the resistor R25 is connected to the negative input end of the comparator IC4, and the other end is connected to the ground wire. The capacitor C21 is connected in parallel with the resistor R25; The output terminal of comparator IC4 outputs the RXD3 terminal of the serial communication port of the first carrier data processing circuit, and resistor R28 is the pull-up resistor for the output terminal of comparator IC4; The third voltage regulator is a voltage regulation circuit composed of voltage regulator IC5 and its peripheral circuit. The IN input terminal of voltage regulator IC5 constitutes the IN input terminal of the third voltage regulator and is connected to the EC+ signal input terminal of the first carrier data processing circuit; the OUT output terminal of voltage regulator IC5 constitutes the OUT output terminal of the third voltage regulator and outputs the VCC1 power supply; The model of the voltage regulator IC5 is AP7365; the model of the comparator IC4 is LM393.

[0012] Preferably, the model of the communication processor is STM32F407VET6; the model of the WiFi module is ESP-12F; the model of the Bluetooth module is E104-BT5010A, the model of the NB-IoT module is WH-NB71, and the model of the Beidou module is ATGM336.

[0013] Preferably, the charging management and control unit includes a charging controller, a first voltage regulator, a second voltage regulator, a battery interface, a current sampling resistor RX, a charge and discharge control circuit, and a second carrier data processing circuit; The power battery pack unit includes a battery pack BAT and a temperature transmitter T1. The positive and negative poles of the battery pack BAT are respectively connected to the BAT+ port and BAT- port of the battery interface. The SDA port and SCL port of the temperature transmitter T1 are respectively connected to the SDA port and SCL port of the battery interface through the I2C bus; The BAT- port of the battery interface is connected to the ground wire GND, and the battery interface is provided with a GND terminal, which is connected to the ground wire GND; The SDA port and SCL port of the battery interface are respectively connected to a pair of IO ports of the charging controller through the I2C bus; The BAT+ port of the battery interface is connected to the BAT-P port of the charge and discharge control circuit through the current sampling resistor RX, and the BAT+ port of the battery interface is also connected to the IN input terminal of the first voltage regulator; The OUT terminal of the first voltage regulator outputs the VCC power supply. The two ends of the current sampling resistor are respectively connected to a pair of current signal AD conversion interfaces of the charge and discharge control circuit, that is, connected to the A / D1 port and A / D2 port; The charge and discharge control circuit is used to control the charging / discharging actions of the power battery pack unit by respectively controlling the on / off of a pair of high-power MOSFET tubes; the two control terminals of the charge and discharge control circuit, that is, the CHARGE terminal and DISCHARGE terminal, are respectively connected to a pair of IO ports of the charging controller; The serial ports of the second carrier data processing circuit, namely the TXD-EC terminal and the RXD-EC terminal, are respectively connected to the RXD port and the TXD port of a UART interface of the charging controller. The signal input terminal of the second carrier data processing circuit is the ZB1-EC+ terminal. The GND terminal of the battery interface and the ZB1-EC+ terminal respectively constitute the communication terminals of the charging management and control unit, which are respectively denoted as the N- terminal and the EC+ terminal; The IN input terminal of the second voltage regulator is connected to the VCC power supply, and the OUT output terminal is connected to the ZB1-EC+ terminal; The charging controller is powered by the VCC power supply; The P+ power supply terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit and the GND terminal of the battery interface constitute the power supply terminals of the charging management and control unit, and are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC charging interface; The second carrier data processing circuit is used to process the signals of the BC-Bus bus into serial data.

[0014] Preferably, the charging controller is the controller IC1; the first voltage regulator includes the voltage regulator W1, the diode D3, the resistor R19, and the capacitor C5; the second voltage regulator includes the voltage regulator W2, the capacitor C1, and the resistor R1; the second carrier data processing circuit includes the triode P1, the triode N1, the diode D1, the resistor R3, the resistor R4, the resistor R2, the comparator IC2, the capacitor C2, the resistor R7, the resistor R5, the resistor R6, and the resistor R8; The IN input terminal of the voltage regulator W1 is connected to the BAT+ port of the battery interface through the resistor R9, the ground wire terminal is connected to the BAT- port of the battery interface, and the OUT terminal outputs the VCC power supply. The diode D32 and the capacitor C5 are both peripheral circuits of the voltage regulator W1; The emitter of the triode P1 is connected to the VCC power supply through the resistor R3, the base is connected to the TXD terminal of the first serial port of the controller IC1, and the collector is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R4; The base of the triode N1 is connected to the collector of the triode P1, the collector is connected to the OUT terminal of the voltage regulator W2 through the resistor R2, the emitter is connected to the ground wire, the positive pole of the diode D1 is connected to the ground wire, the negative pole is connected to the collector of the triode N1, the OUT terminal of the voltage regulator W2 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the EC+ terminal of the communication terminal of the charging management and control unit; The positive pole of the diode D2 is connected to the EC+ terminal of the communication terminal of the charging management and control unit, and the negative pole is respectively connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the comparator IC2 through the resistors R5 and R6. The output terminal of the comparator IC2 is connected to the RXD terminal of the first serial port of the controller IC1. One end of the resistor R7 is connected to the negative input terminal of the comparator IC2, and the other end is connected to the ground wire. The capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the resistor R7; The charge and discharge control circuit includes MOS transistor M1, MOS transistor M2, triode P2, diode D4, resistor R10, resistor R9, resistor R11, resistor R16, resistor R17, diode D5, triode P3, and resistor R18; The base of triode P2 is connected to an IO port of controller IC1 through resistor R9, the collector is connected to the G pole of MOS transistor M1, the emitter is connected to the negative pole of diode D4, the positive pole of diode D4 is connected to the ground wire, and the emitter of triode P2 is also connected to the D pole of MOS transistor M1 through resistor R10. The D pole of MOS transistor M1 is connected to the P+ power supply terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit; The G pole of MOS transistor M1 is also connected to the ground wire through resistor R11, and the S pole is connected to pin 1 of current sampling resistor RX; The base of triode P3 is connected to an IO port of controller IC1 through resistor R16, the emitter is connected to the negative pole of diode D5, the collector is connected to the G pole of MOS transistor M2, the S pole of MOS transistor M2 is connected to the P+ power supply terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit, the G pole is also connected to the ground wire through resistor R18, and the D pole is connected to pin 1 of current sampling resistor RX; The emitter of triode P3 is also connected to the D pole of MOS transistor M2 through resistor R17, and the positive pole of diode D5 is connected to the ground wire; Pin 1 of current sampling resistor RX is connected to the A / D2 port of the current signal AD conversion interface of controller IC1 through resistor R12, and pin 2 is connected to the A / D1 port of the current signal AD conversion interface of controller IC1 through resistor R14; Resistor R13 and capacitor C3 are the filter circuits on pin 1 of current sampling resistor RX, and resistor R15 and capacitor C4 are the filter circuits on pin 2 of current sampling resistor RX; Temperature transmitter T1 is connected to the SDA port and SCL port of controller IC1 through the I2C bus.

[0015] An Internet of Things electronic license plate control method for electric bicycles includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish an Internet of Things electronic license plate management system for electric bicycles. After the electronic license plate system is powered on and starts up, the wireless communication electronic license plate module self-checks all communication interfaces, confirms the status of the NB-IoT module, WiFi module, Bluetooth module, and Beidou module to ensure that all modules communicate normally; The wireless communication electronic license plate module receives the EC-Bus bus data sent from the battery power module through the EC-Bus interface circuit to ensure normal communication with the battery power module; Automatically generate a self-check log and send the self-check log to the APP client through the WiFi network or Bluetooth network. At the same time, after successfully connecting to the control center through the NB-IoT network, send the self-check log to the control center through the NB-IoT network; Step 2: After the wireless communication electronic license plate module establishes an NB-IoT network connection with the control center, the wireless communication electronic license plate module reports the preset unique internal device identification code and production information to the control center; After the wireless communication electronic license plate module establishes a WiFi network or Bluetooth network connection with the APP client, it uploads the unique internal device identification code. The APP client sends the user's personal information to the wireless communication electronic license plate module for storage, thereby completing the identity binding of the APP client; Step 3: When the DC charging interface is connected to an external charger, the controller IC1 in the battery power module controls the MOS transistor M1 and the MOS transistor M2, thereby controlling the charging or discharging of the battery pack BAT; The controller IC1 detects the charging / discharging current through the current sampling resistor RX and performs AD conversion through its own AD interface to generate charge / discharge current data; at the same time, by reading the temperature data of the temperature transmitter T1, it detects the temperature of the battery pack BAT, generates battery temperature data, and packs the charge / discharge current data and the battery temperature data into battery status data; The controller IC1 forms carrier modulation communication of the EC-Bus bus with the second carrier data processing circuit through the TXD and RXD interfaces, and uploads the battery status data to the wireless communication electronic license plate module through the EC-Bus bus; When it detects that the current or voltage exceeds the set threshold, IC1 immediately disconnects the charging or discharging network by controlling the MOS transistor M1 or the MOS transistor M2 to prevent overcurrent and overheating accidents, and at the same time generates an alarm log and uploads it to the wireless communication electronic license plate module through the EC-Bus bus; After the wireless communication electronic license plate module establishes a connection with the APP client through the Bluetooth network or the WiFi network, it sends the alarm log, the battery status data, and its own working status data to the APP client. The APP client uploads the alarm log, the battery status data, and its own working status data to the control center through the mobile network; Step 4: The wireless communication electronic license plate module collects the vehicle's real-time geographical location, speed, and direction information through the Beidou module to form positioning information, and sends the positioning information to the APP client through the Bluetooth network or the WiFi network. The APP client sends the positioning information to the control center through the mobile network; Step 5: The control center monitors the vehicle in real time, specifically including: Vehicle operation data: positioning information; Battery status data: charging / discharging current, battery temperature, alarm log, charging time; Communication status: the connection method with the wireless communication electronic license plate module, including the NB-IoT network, and the connection method with the APP client; The control center formulates a table based on the above data and provides local query and display; Step 6: The control center generates user behavior records based on vehicle operation data, battery status data, and communication status, and provides a link query for the APP client. Users can query the charging status and operation status of the vehicle through the APP client; Step 7: The control center uses a machine learning model to evaluate battery health, generates maintenance suggestions and recycling reservation notices, and feeds them back to users through the APP client.

[0016] Preferably, when performing Step 6, the control center extracts features from vehicle operation data, battery status data, and communication status to form a feature vector X, and forms user behavior records based on these features. These features include: Battery status data: By measuring the current sampling resistor RX, the average charge and discharge current I is obtained avg ; The standard deviation of current fluctuation σ I ; User charging behavior data: Charging frequency f charge , that is, the number of charging times recorded per day; The charging duration t each time charget ; Vehicle operation data: Through the positioning information of the Beidou module, the vehicle positioning, the driving distance d of the running track, and the driving mode index B are obtained drive , that is, the short-distance frequent start-stop ratio; Temperature data: Charging temperature T avg ; According to the above features, a comprehensive feature vector x is constructed: x={I avg ,σ I ,f charge ,t charge ,d,B drive ,T avg ,N}.

[0017] Preferably, when performing Step 7, specifically, historical data is used to train a multivariate regression model to predict battery health H', and H' is expressed as a percentage of the remaining capacity; H'=β 0 +β 1 I avg +β 2 σ I +β 3 f charge +β 4 t charge +β 5 d+β 6 B drive +β 7 Tavg +β 8 N; Wherein, H' is the predicted current battery health indicator, usually representing the remaining capacity percentage or health score, and the higher the value, the better the battery state; β 0 is the intercept term; β 1 is the regression coefficient related to the average current; I avg is the average current measured within a preset time; β 2 is the regression coefficient related to the current fluctuation; σ I is the standard deviation of the current; β 3 is the regression coefficient related to the charging frequency; f charge is the number of charging times per day; β 4 is the regression coefficient related to the charging duration; t charge is the time spent for each charging; β 5 is the regression coefficient related to the driving distance; d is the driving distance of the vehicle within a preset period; β 6 is the regression coefficient related to the driving behavior indicator; B drive is an indicator of the driving mode, including frequent start-stop; β 7 is the regression coefficient related to the battery temperature; T avg is the average temperature of the environment where the battery is located; β 8 is the regression coefficient related to the cumulative charge-discharge cycle times; N is the number of charge-discharge cycles experienced by the battery; When the current battery health H' is lower than the set threshold, maintenance or replacement information is generated.

[0018] An electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system and its control method according to the present invention solve the technical problems of cumbersome wiring, serious signal interference, and insufficient remote monitoring ability in traditional battery monitoring through the design of the EC-Bus bus and various wireless communication electronic license plate modules. The present invention realizes a special electronic license plate for electric vehicles, and through the APP, it realizes real-time remote monitoring of the battery charging status and health status. The EC-Bus bus technology is introduced, and the power supply and carrier communication are integrated on the same bus, so that the battery voltage / current acquisition module and the communication module are separated and arranged, significantly reducing the wiring complexity and signal interference. Machine learning and mathematical models are used to accurately evaluate the battery health, thereby extending the battery life and improving the system safety. The overall system design is highly integrated, facilitating installation, maintenance, and large-scale promotion, and at the same time providing data support for regional planning and energy consumption optimization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is the system architecture diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the schematic block diagram of the electronic license plate system of the present invention; Figure 3 is the schematic block diagram of the regulated power supply of the present invention; Figure 4 is the schematic block diagram of the EC-Bus interface circuit of the present invention; Figure 5 is the circuit diagram of the first carrier data processing circuit of the present invention; Figure 6 is the schematic block diagram of the battery power module of the present invention; Figure 7 is the circuit diagram of the battery power module of the present invention; Figure 8 is the flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] Embodiment 1

[0021] Consists of Figures 1-7 An electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system shown, including an electronic license plate system, a control center, and an APP client; the control center is a central server, and the APP client is a mobile phone APP client.

[0022] The electronic license plate system includes a wireless communication electronic license plate module and a battery power module. The wireless communication electronic license plate module and the battery power module communicate with each other through the EC-Bus bus. The EC-Bus bus is a two-wire bus shared by low-voltage power supply and carrier communication; The wireless communication electronic license plate module includes a communication processor, a WiFi module, a Bluetooth module, an NB-IoT module, a Beidou module, a regulated power supply, and an EC-Bus interface circuit. The WiFi module, the Bluetooth module, the NB-IoT module, the Beidou module, and the EC-Bus interface circuit are all connected to the communication processor; The regulated power supply is connected to the EC-Bus interface circuit and supplies power to other modules in the communication processor; Regulated power supply: The regulated power supply includes a battery management chip, an LDO voltage regulator, and a thin-film supercapacitor. The input terminal of the battery management chip is connected to the power output terminal of the EC-Bus interface circuit, and the output terminal outputs the VDD1 power supply. The thin-film supercapacitor is connected to the battery management chip. The input terminal of the LDO voltage regulator is connected to the VDD1 power supply, and the output terminal outputs the VDD power supply; The VDD1 power supply powers the NB-IoT module, and the VDD power supply powers the communication processor, the WiFi module, the Bluetooth module, and the Beidou module.

[0023] The model of the battery management chip is BQ24075; the model of the LDO voltage regulator is AMS1117-3.3, and the model of the thin-film supercapacitor is LSC 3.3F 5.5V.

[0024] EC-Bus interface circuit: The EC-Bus interface circuit includes a third voltage regulator and a first carrier data processing circuit. The IN input terminal and the GND terminal of the third voltage regulator are respectively connected to the EC+ terminal and the N- terminal of the BC-Bus bus. The OUT output terminal of the third voltage regulator outputs the VCC1 power supply, and this VCC1 power supply powers the battery management chip; The EC+ signal input terminal of the first carrier data processing circuit is connected to the EC+ terminal of the BC-Bus bus, and the serial communication terminal is connected to a UATR interface of the communication processing unit; The first carrier data processing circuit is used to process the signals of the BC-Bus bus into serial data signals.

[0025] The EC-Bus interface circuit is used for power transmission and carrier communication, and mainly realizes the signal and power conversion from the input terminal (N- and EC+) to the output terminal (VCC1 / GND and RXD3 / TXD3).

[0026] Power transmission: EC+ provides power and supplies a stable VCC1 through a voltage regulation circuit for subsequent circuits to use.

[0027] Energy is stored through the thin-film supercapacitor to ensure the stability of the communication circuit.

[0028] Carrier communication: The carrier signal is separated from the EC+ line through a demodulation circuit and converted into a digital signal (RXD3 / TXD3).

[0029] Through the first carrier data processing circuit, the digital signal of the microprocessor is encoded and modulated onto the EC+ line to achieve two-way communication.

[0030] The first carrier data processing circuit includes transistor Q2, transistor Q1, resistor R21, resistor R22, diode D22, diode D21, resistor R23, resistor R24, resistor R25, capacitor C21, comparator IC4, resistor R28, resistor R26, and resistor R27. The emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the VCC1 power supply through resistor R21, the base outputs the TXD3 terminal of the serial communication port of the first carrier data processing circuit through resistor R27, and the collector is connected to the ground wire through resistor R26; The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the VCC1 power supply, the base is connected to the collector of transistor Q2, and the emitter is connected to the ground wire; The positive pole of diode D22 is connected to the ground wire, and the negative pole is connected to the collector of transistor Q1; The collector of transistor Q1 outputs the EC+ signal input terminal of the first carrier data processing circuit through resistor R22; The positive pole of diode D21 is connected to the EC+ signal input terminal of the first carrier data processing circuit, the negative pole is connected to the positive input terminal of comparator IC4 through resistor R23, the negative pole of diode D21 is also connected to the negative input terminal of comparator IC4 through resistor R24, one end of resistor R25 is connected to the negative input terminal of comparator IC4, and the other end is connected to the ground wire. Capacitor C21 is connected in parallel with resistor R25; The output terminal of comparator IC4 outputs the RXD3 terminal of the serial communication port of the first carrier data processing circuit, and resistor R28 is the pull-up resistor for the output terminal of comparator IC4; The third voltage regulator is a voltage regulation circuit composed of voltage regulator IC5 and its peripheral circuits. The IN input terminal of voltage regulator IC5 constitutes the IN input terminal of the third voltage regulator and is connected to the EC+ signal input terminal of the first carrier data processing circuit; the OUT output terminal of voltage regulator IC5 constitutes the OUT output terminal of the third voltage regulator and outputs the VCC1 power supply; The model of the voltage regulator IC5 is AP7365; the model of the comparator IC4 is LM393.

[0031] WiFi module: ESP-12F (Wi-Fi), connected and communicating with the UART2 of the wireless communication electronic license plate module.

[0032] Bluetooth module: E104-BT5010A (BLE), connected to a group of IO ports of the wireless communication electronic license plate module and communicating through the SPI bus.

[0033] NB-IoT module: WH-NB71 (NB-IoT), connected and communicating with UART1 of the wireless communication electronic license plate module.

[0034] Beidou module: ATGM336 (Beidou), connected and communicating with UART0 of the wireless communication electronic license plate module.

[0035] The EC-Bus interface circuit is connected and communicates with UART3 of the wireless communication electronic license plate module.

[0036] The model of the communication processor is STM32F407VET6.

[0037] The wireless communication electronic license plate module is used to communicate with the control center and the APP client through the wireless network; The battery power module includes a power battery pack unit, a charging control unit, a DC charging connector, and an external electric vehicle drive motor control system. The power battery pack unit is connected to the charging control unit. The communication end of the charging control unit is connected to the EC-Bus interface circuit through the EC-Bus bus. The power supply end of the charging control unit is connected to the DC charging connector. The power supply end of the external electric vehicle drive motor control system is connected to the DC charging connector; The EC-Bus interface circuit is used to receive and process the carrier signal and low-voltage power supply sent by the charging control unit through the EC-Bus bus; The charging control unit is used to monitor the charging / discharging actions of the power battery pack unit, generate monitoring data, and send it to the wireless communication electronic license plate module through the EC-Bus bus.

[0038] The charging control unit includes a charging controller, a first voltage regulator, a second voltage regulator, a battery interface, a current sampling resistor RX, a charge and discharge control circuit, and a second carrier data processing circuit; The power battery pack unit includes a battery pack BAT and a temperature transmitter T1. The positive and negative poles of the battery pack BAT are respectively connected to the BAT+ port and BAT- port of the battery interface. The SDA port and SCL port of the temperature transmitter T1 are respectively connected to the SDA port and SCL port of the battery interface through the I2C bus; The BAT- port of the battery interface is connected to the ground wire GND, and the battery interface is provided with a GND terminal, which is connected to the ground wire GND; The SDA port and SCL port of the battery interface are respectively connected to a pair of IO ports of the charging controller through the I2C bus; The BAT+ port of the battery interface is connected to the BAT-P port of the charge and discharge control circuit through the current sampling resistor RX. The BAT+ port of the battery interface is also connected to the IN input terminal of the first voltage regulator; The OUT terminal of the first voltage regulator outputs the VCC power supply. Both ends of the current sampling resistor are respectively connected to a pair of current signal AD conversion interfaces of the charge and discharge control circuit, that is, connected to port A / D1 and port A / D2; The charge and discharge control circuit is used to control the charging / discharging actions of the power battery pack unit by respectively controlling the on / off of a pair of high-power MOSFET tubes; Two control terminals of the charge and discharge control circuit, namely the CHARGE terminal and the DISCHARGE terminal, are respectively connected to a pair of IO ports of the charge controller; The serial ports of the second carrier data processing circuit, namely the TXD-EC terminal and the RXD-EC terminal, are respectively connected to the RXD port and the TXD port of a UART interface of the charge controller. The signal input terminal of the second carrier data processing circuit is the ZB1-EC+ terminal. The GND terminal and the ZB1-EC+ terminal of the battery interface respectively constitute the communication terminals of the charging management and control unit, which are respectively denoted as the N- terminal and the EC+ terminal; The IN input terminal of the second voltage regulator is connected to the VCC power supply, and the OUT output terminal is connected to the ZB1-EC+ terminal; The first voltage regulator is responsible for stably outputting the VCC power supply from the power supply provided by the battery pack.

[0039] The second voltage regulator is responsible for providing power for the EC-Bus bus after voltage stabilization through the VCC power supply.

[0040] The second carrier data processing circuit is responsible for demodulating, processing and re-transmitting the carrier data of the EC-Bus, converting the carrier signal into a standard serial communication format (such as UART), and inputting it into the UART interface of the controller IC1.

[0041] The charge controller is powered by the VCC power supply; The P+ power supply terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit and the GND terminal of the battery interface constitute the power supply terminals of the charging management and control unit, and are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC charging interface; The second carrier data processing circuit is used to process the signals of the BC-Bus bus into serial port data.

[0042] The charge controller is the controller IC1; The model of the controller IC1 is PIC12LF1822.

[0043] The first voltage regulator includes a voltage regulator W1, a diode D3, a resistor R19 and a capacitor C5; The second voltage regulator includes a voltage regulator W2, a capacitor C1 and a resistor R1; The second carrier data processing circuit includes a triode P1, a triode N1, a diode D1, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R2, a comparator IC2, a capacitor C2, a resistor R7, a resistor R5, a resistor R6 and a resistor R8; The IN input terminal of the voltage regulator W1 is connected to the BAT+ terminal of the battery interface through the resistor R9, the ground terminal is connected to the BAT- terminal of the battery interface, and the OUT terminal outputs the VCC power supply. The diode D32 and the capacitor C5 are both peripheral circuits of the voltage regulator W1; The emitter of the triode P1 is connected to the VCC power supply through the resistor R3, the base is connected to the TXD terminal of the first serial port of the controller IC1, and the collector is connected to the ground through the resistor R4; The base of the triode N1 is connected to the collector of the triode P1, the collector is connected to the OUT terminal of the voltage regulator W2 through the resistor R2, the emitter is connected to the ground, the positive electrode of the diode D1 is connected to the ground, and the negative electrode is connected to the collector of the triode N1. The OUT terminal of the voltage regulator W2 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the EC+ terminal of the communication terminal of the charging management and control unit; The positive electrode of the diode D2 is connected to the EC+ terminal of the communication terminal of the charging management and control unit, and the negative electrode is respectively connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the comparator IC2 through the resistor R5 and the resistor R6. The output terminal of the comparator IC2 is connected to the RXD terminal of the first serial port of the controller IC1. One end of the resistor R7 is connected to the negative input terminal of the comparator IC2, and the other end is connected to the ground. The capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the resistor R7; The charge and discharge control circuit includes the MOS transistor M1, the MOS transistor M2, the triode P2, the diode D4, the resistor R10, the resistor R9, the resistor R11, the resistor R16, the resistor R17, the diode D5, the triode P3, and the resistor R18; The base of the triode P2 is connected to an IO port of the controller IC1 through the resistor R9, the collector is connected to the G pole of the MOS transistor M1, and the emitter is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D4. The positive electrode of the diode D4 is connected to the ground. The emitter of the triode P2 is also connected to the D pole of the MOS transistor M1 through the resistor R10, and the D pole of the MOS transistor M1 is connected to the P+ power supply terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit; The G pole of the MOS transistor M1 is also connected to the ground through the resistor R11, and the S pole is connected to the 1st pin of the current sampling resistor RX; The base of the triode P3 is connected to an IO port of the controller IC1 through the resistor R16, the emitter is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D5, the collector is connected to the G pole of the MOS transistor M2. The S pole of the MOS transistor M2 is connected to the P+ power supply terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit, the G pole is also connected to the ground through the resistor R18, and the D pole is connected to the 1st pin of the current sampling resistor RX; The emitter of the triode P3 is also connected to the D pole of the MOS transistor M2 through the resistor R17, and the positive electrode of the diode D5 is connected to the ground; Pin 1 of the current sampling resistor RX is connected to A / D2 port of the current signal AD conversion interface of the controller IC1 through the resistor R12, and pin 2 is connected to A / D1 port of the current signal AD conversion interface of the controller IC1 through the resistor R14; the resistor R13 and the capacitor C3 are the filtering circuit on pin 1 of the current sampling resistor RX, and the resistor R15 and the capacitor C4 are the filtering circuit on pin 2 of the current sampling resistor RX; The temperature transmitter T1 is connected to the SDA port and the SCL port of the controller IC1 through the I2C bus When charging the power battery, the DC power supply line plug of the charger is connected to the corresponding phase of the DC charging interface machine. The positive pole of the DC power supply output by the charger is connected to the positive pole P+ of the intelligent controlled power battery, and the negative pole of the DC power supply output by the charger is connected to the negative pole N- of the power battery.

[0044] Battery pack charging process: The controller IC1 outputs a low level through the I / O1 port to control the resistors R9-R11, the triode P2, and the diode D4 connected to the I / O1 port, so that the high-power MOS tube M1 is turned on, and the input charging current I IN flows through the MOS tube M1 and the current sampling resistor RX into the positive pole of the power battery for charging. At the same time, the A / D2 and A / D1 interfaces of the controller IC1 respectively collect the charging current I passing through the current sampling resistor RX IN through the divided voltage of the resistor R12 and the resistor R13 and the capacitor C3, and the divided voltage of the battery pack through the resistor R14 and the resistor R15 and the capacitor C4; when the A / D2 interface of the controller IC1 monitors the charging current I passing through the current sampling resistor RX IN is greater than the current or voltage threshold specified in the program, the controller IC1 starts to control the I / O1 interface to be at a high level, so that the connected resistors R9-R11, the triode P2, the diode D4, and the high-power MOSFET tube M1 circuit are quickly cut off, preventing the charger from charging the power battery with overvoltage due to a fault, causing an internal electrical short circuit of the power battery and catching fire.

[0045] Battery pack discharging process: The controller IC1 outputs a low level through the I / O2 interface to control the resistors R16-R18, the triode P3, and the diode D5 connected to the I / O2 interface, so that the high-power MOS tube M2 is turned on, and the current I output by the power battery pack out flows through the current sampling resistor RX and the MOS tube M2 to the positive terminal P+ of the power battery pack. At the same time, the A / D2 and A / D1 of the controller IC1 respectively collect and monitor the output current I passing through the current sampling resistor RX outThe divided voltages of resistors R12 and R13 and C3, and the divided voltages of the battery pack through resistors R14 and R15 and C4; when the output current Iout passing through the current sampling resistor RX monitored by the A / D2 interface of the controller IC1 is greater than the current or voltage threshold specified in the program, the program of the controller IC1 starts to control the I / O2 interface to be at a high level, so that the connected resistors R16-R18, triode P3, diode D5, and high-power MOS tube M2 circuit are quickly cut off, cutting off the output current of the power battery pack, preventing the power battery from discharging too much current or the load from short-circuiting and causing the power battery to overheat and catch fire.

[0046] The SDA and SCL of the I2C interface of the controller IC1 are connected to the I2C temperature transmitter T1. The I2C temperature transmitter T1 is installed in the battery pack to monitor the internal temperature of the battery pack during charging and discharging. The temperature transmitter T1 is a temperature transmitter with an I2C output interface, which is a prior art, so it will not be described in detail.

[0047] The communication interface TXD of the controller IC1 is connected to a voltage modulation communication circuit composed of triode P1, triode N1, diode D1, voltage regulator W2, resistors R1-R4, and capacitor C1. The voltage modulation signal is output by EC+ and N-; the communication interface RXD of the controller IC1 is connected to a current modulation communication circuit composed of diode D2, comparator IC2, resistors R5-R8, and capacitor C2. The current modulation signal forms a current modulation communication circuit through the BC-Bus interface of the electronic license plate by EC+ and N-. The digital memory inside the controller IC1 is set with electronic information such as the unique encrypted electronic identification code of the power battery pack, the battery manufacturer, the production batch number, and the date. Embodiment 2

[0048] As Figures 1-8 An electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate control method as described in Embodiment 2 is implemented on the basis of an electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system as described in Embodiment 1, and includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish an electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system. After the electronic license plate system is powered on and started, the wireless communication electronic license plate module self-checks all communication interfaces, confirms the status of the NB-IoT module, WiFi module, Bluetooth module, and Beidou module, and ensures that all modules communicate normally; The wireless communication electronic license plate module receives the EC-Bus bus data sent from the battery power module through the EC-Bus interface circuit to ensure normal communication with the battery power module; Automatically generate a self-check log, and send the self-check log to the APP client via the WiFi network or Bluetooth network. At the same time, after successfully connecting to the control center through the NB-IoT network, send the self-check log to the control center via the NB-IoT network; Step 2: After the wireless communication electronic license plate module establishes an NB-IoT network link with the control center, the wireless communication electronic license plate module reports the preset unique internal device identification code and production information to the control center; After the wireless communication electronic license plate module establishes a WiFi network or Bluetooth network link with the APP client, upload the unique internal device identification code. The APP client sends the user's personal information to the wireless communication electronic license plate module for storage, thereby completing the identity binding of the APP client; Step 3: When the DC charging interface is connected to an external charger, the controller IC1 in the battery power module controls the MOS tube M1 and the MOS tube M2, thereby controlling the charging or discharging of the battery pack BAT; The controller IC1 detects the charging / discharging current through the current sampling resistor RX, performs AD conversion through its own AD interface to generate charge / discharge current data; at the same time, by reading the temperature data of the temperature transmitter T1, detects the temperature of the battery pack BAT, generates battery temperature data, and packs the charge / discharge current data and the battery temperature data into battery status data; The controller IC1 forms carrier modulation communication of the EC-Bus bus with the second carrier data processing circuit through the TXD and RXD interfaces, and uploads the battery status data to the wireless communication electronic license plate module through the EC-Bus bus; When it is detected that the current or voltage exceeds the set threshold, IC1 controls the MOS tube M1 or the MOS tube M2 to immediately disconnect the charging or discharging network to prevent overcurrent and overheating accidents. At the same time, generate an alarm log and upload it to the wireless communication electronic license plate module through the EC-Bus bus; After the wireless communication electronic license plate module establishes a link with the APP client through the Bluetooth network or WiFi network, it sends the alarm log, battery status data, and its own working status data to the APP client. The APP client uploads the alarm log, battery status data, and its own working status data to the control center through the mobile network; Step 4: The wireless communication electronic license plate module collects the vehicle's real-time geographical location, speed, and direction information through the Beidou module to form positioning information, and sends the positioning information to the APP client through the Bluetooth network or WiFi network. The APP client sends the positioning information to the control center through the mobile network; Step 5: The control center performs real-time monitoring of the vehicle, specifically including: Vehicle operation data: positioning information; Battery status data: charging / discharging current, battery temperature, alarm log, charging time; Communication status: connection methods with the wireless communication electronic license plate module, including the NB-IoT network, and connection methods with the APP client; The control center formulates a table based on the above data and provides local query and display; Step 6: The control center generates user behavior records based on vehicle operation data, battery status data, and communication status, and provides a link query for the APP client. Users can query the charging status and operation status of the vehicle through the APP client; Step 7: The control center uses a machine learning model to evaluate battery health, generates maintenance suggestions and recycling reservation notifications, and feeds them back to users through the APP client.

[0049] Preferably, when performing Step 6, the control center uses AI artificial intelligence to screen data from vehicle operation data, battery status data, and communication status, extract features, form a feature vector X, and form user behavior records based on these features. These feature data include: Battery status data: By measuring the current sampling resistor RX, the average charge / discharge current I is obtained avg ; standard deviation of current fluctuation σ I ; User charging behavior data: charging frequency f charge , that is, the number of charging times recorded per day; each charging duration t charget ; Vehicle operation data: Through the positioning information of the Beidou module, vehicle positioning, driving distance d of the running track, and driving mode index B are obtained drive , that is, the proportion of short-distance frequent start and stop; Temperature data: charging temperature T avg ; According to the above features, construct a comprehensive feature vector x: x={I avg ,σ I ,f charge ,t charge ,d,B drive ,T avg ,N}.

[0050] Preferably, when performing Step 7, specifically, historical data is used to train a multivariate regression model to predict battery health H', and H' is expressed as a percentage of the remaining capacity; H'=β 0 +β 1 I avg +β 2 σ I +β3 f charge +β 4 t charge +β 5 d + β 6 B drive +β 7 T avg +β 8 N; Wherein, H' is the predicted current battery health indicator, usually representing the remaining capacity percentage or health score, and a higher value indicates a better battery state; β 0 is the intercept term; it is the baseline battery health level predicted by the model when all feature values are zero.

[0051] β 1 is the regression coefficient related to the average current; it describes the impact of the average charge and discharge current I avg on the battery health.

[0052] I avg is the average current measured within a preset time; it reflects the load condition of the battery during daily use.

[0053] β 2 is the regression coefficient related to the current fluctuation; it describes the standard deviation of the current σ I .

[0054] σ I is the standard deviation of the current; it is used to measure the magnitude of the current fluctuation, and a larger fluctuation may have a greater impact on the battery health.

[0055] β 3 is the regression coefficient related to the charging frequency; it reflects the impact of the daily charging times f charge on the battery health f charge is the number of charging times per day; frequent charging will accelerate battery degradation.

[0056] β 4 is the regression coefficient related to the charging duration; it describes the impact of each charging duration t charget on the battery health.

[0057] t charge is the time spent on each charge; a longer charging duration affects the battery life.

[0058] β 5 is the regression coefficient related to the driving distance; it reflects the impact of the vehicle driving distance d on the battery health.

[0059] d is the driving distance of the vehicle within a preset period; long - distance driving results in higher energy consumption and battery wear.

[0060] β 6 is the regression coefficient related to the driving behavior index; it describes the impact of driving behavior B drive on battery health B drive is an index of the driving mode, including frequent start-stop, which will increase the battery burden.

[0061] β 7 is the regression coefficient related to the battery temperature; it describes the impact of the ambient or average battery temperature T avg on battery health.

[0062] T avg is the average temperature of the environment where the battery is located; too high or too low temperature will have a negative impact on the battery life.

[0063] β 8 is the regression coefficient related to the cumulative charge-discharge cycle times; it reflects the impact of the cycle times N on battery health.

[0064] N is the number of charge-discharge cycles experienced by the battery; generally, the more the cycle times, the more obvious the battery attenuation.

[0065] When the current battery health H' is lower than the set threshold, maintenance or replacement information is generated.

[0066] An Internet of Things electronic license plate management system and its control method for electric bicycles according to the present invention solve the technical problems of cumbersome wiring, serious signal interference, and insufficient remote monitoring ability in traditional battery monitoring through the design of the EC-Bus bus and various wireless communication electronic license plate modules. The present invention realizes a special electronic license plate for electric vehicles, and through the APP, it realizes real-time remote monitoring of the battery charging status and health status. The EC-Bus bus technology is introduced, and the power supply and carrier communication are integrated on the same bus, so that the battery voltage / current acquisition module and the communication module are separated and laid out, significantly reducing the wiring complexity and signal interference. Machine learning and mathematical models are used to accurately evaluate the battery health, thereby extending the battery life and improving the system safety. The overall system design is highly integrated, facilitating installation, maintenance, and large-scale promotion, and at the same time providing data support for regional planning and energy consumption optimization.

Claims

1. An electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system, characterized by: Including the Internet of Things electronic license plate system, control center and APP client; The Internet of Things electronic license plate system includes a wireless communication electronic license plate module and a battery power module. The wireless communication electronic license plate module and the battery power module communicate with each other through the EC-Bus bus. The EC-Bus bus is a two-wire bus shared by a low-voltage power supply and carrier communication. The wireless communication electronic license plate module includes a communication processor, a WiFi module, a Bluetooth module, a NB-IoT module, a Beidou module, a voltage-regulated power supply and an EC-Bus interface circuit. The WiFi module, the Bluetooth module, the NB-IoT module, the Beidou module and the EC-Bus interface circuit are all connected to the communication processor; The wireless communication electronic license plate module is used to communicate with the control center and the APP client through the wireless network; The supercapacitor voltage-regulated power supply is connected to the EC-Bus interface circuit and provides power to other modules in the communication processor; The battery power module includes a power battery pack unit, a charging control unit, a DC charging connector and an external electric vehicle drive motor control system. The power battery pack unit is connected to the charging control unit. The communication end of the charging control unit is connected to the EC-Bus interface circuit via the EC-Bus bus. The power end of the charging control unit is connected to the DC charging connector. The power end of the external electric vehicle drive motor control system is connected to the DC charging connector. The EC-Bus interface circuit is used to receive and process the carrier signal and low voltage power sent by the charging control unit through the EC-Bus bus; The charging control unit is used to monitor the charging / discharging action of the power battery pack unit and generate monitoring data, which is sent to the wireless communication electronic license plate module via the EC-Bus bus.

2. An electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system as described in claim 1: the control center is a central server, and the APP client is a mobile phone APP client.

3. An electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system as claimed in claim 1: the voltage-stabilized power supply in the wireless communication electronic license plate module includes a battery management chip, an LDO voltage regulator and a thin-film supercapacitor, the input end of the battery management chip is connected to the power output end of the EC-Bus interface circuit, and the output end outputs the VDD1 power supply, the thin-film supercapacitor is connected to the battery management chip, the input end of the LDO voltage regulator is connected to the VDD1 power supply, and the output end outputs the VDD power supply; The VDD1 power supply is used to power the NB-IoT module, and the VDD power supply is used to power the communication processor, WiFi module, Bluetooth module, and Beidou module. The EC-Bus interface circuit includes a third voltage regulator and a first carrier data processing circuit, the IN input terminal and the GND terminal of the third voltage regulator are respectively connected to the EC+ terminal and the N- terminal of the BC-Bus bus, and the OUT output terminal of the third voltage regulator outputs a VCC1 power supply, and the VCC1 power supply is used to power the battery management chip; The EC+ signal input terminal of the first carrier data processing circuit is connected to the EC+ terminal of the BC-Bus bus, and the serial communication terminal is connected to a UATR interface of the communication processing unit; The first carrier data processing circuit is used for processing the signal of the BC-Bus bus into a serial port data signal; The model of the battery management chip is BQ24075; the model of the LDO regulator is AMS1117-3.3, and the model of the thin film supercapacitor is LSC 3.3F 5.5V.

4. An electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system as described in claim 3: the first carrier data processing circuit includes a transistor Q2, a transistor Q1, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a diode D22, a diode D21, a resistor R23, a resistor R24, a resistor R25, a capacitor C21, a comparator IC4, a resistor R28, a resistor R26 and a resistor R27, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the VCC1 power supply through the resistor R21, the base outputs the TXD3 end of the serial communication end of the first carrier data processing circuit through the resistor R27, and the collector is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R26; The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the VCC1 power supply, the base is connected to the collector of transistor Q2, and the emitter is connected to the ground wire; The positive electrode of the diode D22 is connected to the ground wire, and the negative electrode is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1; The collector of transistor Q1 outputs the EC+ signal input terminal of the first carrier data processing circuit through resistor R22; The anode of the diode D21 is connected to the EC+ signal input terminal of the first carrier data processing circuit, and the cathode is connected to the positive input terminal of the comparator IC4 through the resistor R23. The cathode of the diode D21 is also connected to the negative input terminal of the comparator IC4 through the resistor R24. One end of the resistor R25 is connected to the negative input terminal of the comparator IC4, and the other end is connected to the ground line. The capacitor C21 is connected in parallel with the resistor R25. The output end of the comparator IC4 outputs the RXD3 end of the serial communication end of the first carrier data processing circuit, and the resistor R28 is a pull-up resistor of the output end of the comparator IC4; The third voltage regulator is a voltage regulator circuit composed of a voltage regulator IC5 and its peripheral circuits. The IN input terminal of the voltage regulator IC5 constitutes the IN input terminal of the third voltage regulator, which is connected to the EC+ signal input terminal of the first carrier data processing circuit; the OUT output terminal of the voltage regulator IC5 constitutes the OUT output terminal of the third voltage regulator, which outputs the VCC1 power supply; The model of the voltage regulator IC5 is AP7365; the model of the comparator IC4 is LM393.

5. An electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system as described in claim 1: the model of the communication processor is STM32F407VET6; the model of the WiFi module is ESP-12F; the model of the Bluetooth module is E104-BT5010A, the model of the NB-IoT module is WH-NB71, and the model of the Beidou module is ATGM336.

6. An electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system as claimed in claim 4: the charging control unit includes a charging controller, a first voltage regulator, a second voltage regulator, a battery interface, a current sampling resistor RX, a charge and discharge control circuit and a second carrier data processing circuit; The power battery pack unit includes a battery pack BAT and a temperature transmitter T1, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack BAT are respectively connected to the BAT+ port and the BAT- port of the battery interface, and the SDA port and the SCL port of the temperature transmitter T1 are respectively connected to the SDA port and the SCL port of the battery interface through the I2C bus; The BAT- port of the battery interface is connected to the ground wire GND, and the battery interface is provided with a GND terminal, which is connected to the ground wire GND; The SDA port and SCL port of the battery interface are connected to a pair of IO ports of the charging controller through the I2C bus; The BAT+ port of the battery interface is connected to the BAT-P port of the charge and discharge control circuit through the current sampling resistor RX, and the BAT+ port of the battery interface is also connected to the IN input terminal of the first voltage regulator; The OUT terminal of the first voltage regulator outputs the VCC power supply, and the two ends of the current sampling resistor are respectively connected to a pair of current signal AD conversion interfaces of the charge and discharge control circuit, that is, connected to the A / D1 port and the A / D2 port; The charge and discharge control circuit is used to control the charge / discharge action of the power battery pack unit by controlling the on / off of a pair of high-power MOSFET tubes respectively; the two control terminals of the charge and discharge control circuit, namely the CHARGE terminal and the DISCHARGE terminal, are respectively connected to a pair of IO ports of the charge controller; The serial port ends of the second carrier data processing circuit, namely the TXD-EC end and the RXD-EC end, are respectively connected to the RXD port and the TXD port of a UART interface of the charging controller, the signal input end of the second carrier data processing circuit is the ZB1-EC+ end, and the GND end and the ZB1-EC+ end of the battery interface respectively constitute the communication ends of the charging control unit, which are respectively recorded as the N-end and the EC+ end; The IN input terminal of the second voltage regulator is connected to the VCC power supply, and the OUT output terminal is connected to the ZB1-EC+ terminal; The charging controller is powered by the VCC power supply; The P+ power supply terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit and the GND terminal of the battery interface constitute the power supply terminal of the charging control unit, which are connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC charging interface respectively; The second carrier data processing circuit is used for processing the signal of the BC-Bus bus into serial port data.

7. An electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system as claimed in claim 6: the charging controller is a controller IC1; the first voltage stabilizer includes a voltage stabilizer W1, a diode D3, a resistor R19 and a capacitor C5; the second voltage stabilizer includes a voltage stabilizer W2, a capacitor C1 and a resistor R1; the second carrier data processing circuit includes a transistor P1, a transistor N1, a diode D1, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R2, a comparator IC2, a capacitor C2, a resistor R7, a resistor R5, a resistor R6 and a resistor R8; The IN input terminal of the voltage regulator W1 is connected to the BAT+ port of the battery interface through the resistor R9, the ground terminal is connected to the BAT- port of the battery interface, and the OUT terminal outputs the VCC power supply. The diode D32 and the capacitor C5 are both peripheral circuits of the voltage regulator W1; The emitter of transistor P1 is connected to the VCC power supply through resistor R3, the base is connected to the TXD terminal of the first serial port of controller IC1, and the collector is connected to the ground wire through resistor R4; The base of transistor N1 is connected to the collector of transistor P1, the collector is connected to the OUT end of voltage regulator W2 through resistor R2, the emitter is connected to the ground, the positive electrode of diode D1 is connected to the ground, the negative electrode is connected to the collector of transistor N1, the OUT end of voltage regulator W2 is connected to one end of resistor R1, and the other end of resistor R1 is connected to the EC+ end of the communication end of the charging control unit; The positive electrode of the diode D2 is connected to the EC+ terminal of the communication terminal of the charging control unit, and the negative electrode is connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the comparator IC2 through the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 respectively. The output terminal of the comparator IC2 is connected to the RXD terminal of the first serial port of the controller IC1. One end of the resistor R7 is connected to the negative input terminal of the comparator IC2, and the other end is connected to the ground line. The capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the resistor R7; The charge and discharge control circuit includes a MOS tube M1, a MOS tube M2, a transistor P2, a diode D4, a resistor R10, a resistor R9, a resistor R11, a resistor R16, a resistor R17, a diode D5, a transistor P3, and a resistor R18; The base of transistor P2 is connected to an IO port of controller IC1 through resistor R9, the collector is connected to the G pole of MOS tube M1, the emitter is connected to the cathode of diode D4, the anode of diode D4 is connected to the ground wire, the emitter of transistor P2 is also connected to the D pole of MOS tube M1 through resistor R10, and the D pole of MOS tube M1 is connected to the P+ power supply terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit; The G pole of the MOS tube M1 is also connected to the ground wire through the resistor R11, and the S pole is connected to the 1st pin of the current sampling resistor RX; The base of transistor P3 is connected to an IO port of controller IC1 through resistor R16, the emitter is connected to the cathode of diode D5, the collector is connected to the G pole of MOS tube M2, the S pole of MOS tube M2 is connected to the P+ power supply terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit, the G pole is also connected to the ground wire through resistor R18, and the D pole is connected to pin 1 of current sampling resistor RX; The emitter of transistor P3 is also connected to the D pole of MOS tube M2 through resistor R17, and the positive pole of diode D5 is connected to the ground wire; Pin 1 of the current sampling resistor RX is connected to the A / D2 port of the current signal AD conversion interface of the controller IC1 through the resistor R12, and pin 2 is connected to the A / D1 port of the current signal AD conversion interface of the controller IC1 through the resistor R14; the resistor R13 and the capacitor C3 are the filter circuit on pin 1 of the current sampling resistor RX, and the resistor R15 and the capacitor C4 are the filter circuit on pin 2 of the current sampling resistor RX; The temperature transmitter T1 is connected to the SDA port and the SCL port of the controller IC1 through the I2C bus.

8. A method for controlling an electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate, applied to the electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Establish an electric bicycle IoT electronic license plate management system. After the electronic license plate system is powered on, the wireless communication electronic license plate module self-checks all communication interfaces, confirms the status of the NB-IoT module, WiFi module, Bluetooth module, and Beidou module, and ensures that each module is communicating normally. The wireless communication electronic license plate module receives EC-Bus bus data sent from the battery power module through the EC-Bus interface circuit to ensure normal communication with the battery power module; Automatically generate self-test logs and send them to the APP client via WiFi or Bluetooth network. After successfully connecting to the control center via NB-IoT network, send the self-test logs to the control center via NB-IoT network. Step 2: After the wireless communication electronic license plate module establishes an NB-IoT network link with the control center, the wireless communication electronic license plate module reports the preset internal unique identity code and production information of the device to the control center; After the wireless communication electronic license plate module establishes a WiFi network or Bluetooth network link with the APP client, it uploads the unique internal identity code of the device, and the APP client sends the user's personal information to the wireless communication electronic license plate module for storage, thereby completing the identity binding of the APP client; Step 3: When the DC charging interface is connected to an external charger, the controller IC1 in the battery power module controls the MOS tube M1 and the MOS tube M2, thereby controlling the charging or discharging of the battery pack BAT; The controller IC1 detects the charge / discharge current through the current sampling resistor RX, and performs AD conversion through its own AD interface to generate charge / discharge current data; at the same time, by reading the temperature data of the temperature transmitter T1, it detects the temperature of the battery pack BAT, generates battery temperature data, and packages the charge / discharge current data and battery temperature data into battery status data; The controller IC1 forms a carrier modulation communication of the EC-Bus bus with the second carrier data processing circuit through the TXD and RXD interfaces, and uploads the battery status data to the wireless communication electronic license plate module through the EC-Bus bus; When it is detected that the current or voltage exceeds the set threshold, IC1 immediately disconnects the charging or discharging network by controlling MOS tube M1 or MOS tube M2 to prevent overcurrent and overtemperature accidents. At the same time, an alarm log is generated and uploaded to the wireless communication electronic license plate module through the EC-Bus bus; After the wireless communication electronic license plate module establishes a link with the APP client through the Bluetooth network or WiFi network, it sends the alarm log, battery status data and its own working status data to the APP client, and the APP client uploads the alarm log, battery status data and its own working status data to the control center through the mobile network; Step 4: The wireless communication electronic license plate module collects the real-time geographic location, speed and direction information of the vehicle through the Beidou module to form positioning information, and sends the positioning information to the APP client through the Bluetooth network or WiFi network. The APP client sends the positioning information to the control center through the mobile network; Step 5: The control center monitors the vehicle in real time, including: Vehicle operation data: positioning information; Battery status data: charge / discharge current, battery temperature, alarm log, charging time; Communication status: the link mode between the wireless communication electronic license plate module, including the NB-IoT network, and the link mode with the APP client; The control center formulates tables based on the above data and provides local query displays; Step 6: The control center generates user behavior records based on vehicle operation data, battery status data and communication status, and provides a link query for the APP client. Users can query the charging status and operation status of the vehicle through the APP client; Step 7: The control center uses machine learning models to evaluate battery health, generate maintenance recommendations and recycling appointment notifications, and provide feedback to users through the APP client.

9. A method for controlling an electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate as claimed in claim 8: When executing step 6, the control center extracts features from the vehicle operation data, battery status data and communication status to form a feature vector X, and forms a user behavior record based on these features, and these feature data include: Battery status data: The average charge and discharge current I is obtained by measuring the current sampling resistor RX. avg ; Current fluctuation standard deviation σ I ; User charging behavior data: charging frequency f charge , that is, the number of charging times per day recorded; the duration of each charging t charget ; Vehicle operation data: obtain vehicle location, running track distance d, and driving mode index B through the positioning information of the Beidou module drive , i.e. the proportion of frequent starts and stops on short trips; Temperature data: charging temperature T avg ; According to the above features, construct a comprehensive feature vector x: x={I avg ,σ I ,f charge ,t charge ,d,B drive ,T avg ,N}。 10. A method for controlling an electric bicycle Internet of Things electronic license plate as claimed in claim 8: when executing step 7, specifically using historical data to train a multivariate regression model to predict battery health H', where H' is expressed as a percentage of remaining capacity; H'=β0+β1I avg +β2σ I +β3f charge +β4t charge +β5d+β6B drive +β7T avg +β8N; in, H' is the predicted current battery health indicator, which usually indicates the remaining capacity percentage or health score. The higher the value, the better the battery condition. β0 is the intercept term; β1 is the regression coefficient related to the average current; I avg is the average current value measured within the preset time; β2 is the regression coefficient related to current fluctuation; σ I is the standard deviation of the current; β3 is the regression coefficient related to charging frequency; f charge The number of charges per day; β4 is the regression coefficient related to charging time; t charge The time it takes to charge each battery; β5 is the regression coefficient related to driving distance; d is the distance traveled by the vehicle within the preset period; β6 is the regression coefficient related to the driving behavior index; B drive It is an indicator of driving patterns, including frequent starts and stops; β7 is the regression coefficient related to battery temperature; T avg is the average temperature of the environment where the battery is located; β8 is the regression coefficient related to the cumulative number of charge and discharge cycles; N is the number of charge and discharge cycles experienced by the battery; When the current battery health H' is lower than the set threshold, maintenance or replacement information is generated.

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