On-line harvesting and threshing integrated treatment method for field corn

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of corn planting, and particularly relates to a field corn online harvesting and threshing integrated treatment method which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting an early-maturing corn variety for field sowing; s2, field water, fertilizer and chemical control management is carried out on the corn, chemical vigorous growth control is carried out in the early growth stage, irrigation and topdressing are not carried out in the 5-leaf to 9-leaf period, management in the middle growth stage is the same as common field management, and irrigation is completely eradicated in the milk-ripe stage and the mature stage in the later growth stage; s3, the corn kernel content x is measured in the physiological mature period of the corn, and the cut length of the straw is determined according to the kernel content and the width of the wide and narrow rows; when the water content of the corn kernels is less than or equal to 25%, mechanically harvesting the corn kernels by using a harvesting and threshing all-in-one machine; according to the method, technical guidance is provided for mechanical grain harvesting of corn, mechanical grain harvesting of field corn is facilitated, the labor efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the integrity of corn grains is improved, and the grain harvesting loss is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of corn planting, and in particular relates to an integrated processing method for online harvesting and threshing of field corn. Background Art

[0002] One of the most important reasons for the high production cost of corn in China and its weak international market competitiveness is the high labor cost, especially the high labor cost of harvesting. Therefore, achieving full mechanization of corn is the development direction. At present, the bottleneck of full mechanization is the direct mechanical harvesting of grains. In recent years, the mechanization of corn production in China has been accelerating. According to statistics, the mechanical harvesting rate of corn in China in 2015 was 65%, mainly mechanical ear harvesting, and the proportion of grain harvesting was very small, less than 5%, mainly distributed in the 3-5 accumulated temperature zone of Heilongjiang, northeastern Inner Mongolia and parts of Xinjiang. Grain harvesting is a harvesting method that uses mechanical ear harvesting and threshing in the field at one time, which can reduce many links of corn harvesting, greatly improve labor efficiency, save costs, promote large-scale land production, and reduce grain mildew and loss. High moisture is the main reason for the high breakage rate of mechanical grain harvesting of corn in my country. Under the current situation of continuous labor shortage in China, corn grain harvesting is the direction of corn production transformation in the future, and it is also the "last mile" to achieve full mechanization of corn production.

[0003] Mechanical corn grain harvesting is a systematic project involving agricultural machinery, varieties, cultivation, storage, drying and sales. The current key limiting factor is variety. Since the 1980s, my country's corn breeding has been aimed at high yield. Under the background of traditional manual harvesting, a breeding route of high yield with sparse planting of tall stalks and large ears and extended growth period has been adopted. In addition, due to the complexity of dehydration traits, the research on related grain dehydration has progressed slowly. At present, in many corn producing areas in my country, the growth period is long, the moisture content of grains at harvest is usually 30%-40%, and the phenomenon of live stalks maturing is still relatively common, making it difficult to achieve mechanical grain harvesting. It also leads to mildew during the stacking and drying process, affecting the commercial quality of corn. In recent years, the promotion and dense planting of KWS series varieties in the early-maturing areas of Northeast China and the irrigation areas of Northwest China have played an important role in promoting regional mechanical grain harvesting technology. Cultivating varieties with early maturity, fast grain dehydration and low moisture content at harvest should be the prerequisite for the promotion of mechanical grain harvesting technology in various producing areas.

[0004] The Hebei Plain, located at the northern end of the Huanghuaihai Plain, is an important corn producing area in my country. However, due to the limitations of varieties, supporting cultivation techniques, machinery and climate, the proportion of mechanical grain harvesting in production is very low. With the development of production, especially the emergence of new business entities and the increase in labor costs, the demand for corn grain harvesting in the field of corn production is growing. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an integrated online harvesting and threshing processing method for field corn, which provides technical guidance for realizing mechanical grain harvesting of corn, helps to realize mechanical grain harvesting of field corn, improves labor efficiency, and at the same time improves the integrity of corn kernels and reduces grain harvest losses.

[0006] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A method for integrating online harvesting and threshing of field corn, the key of which is to include the following steps:

[0008] S1. Select corn varieties for field sowing;

[0009] S2. Carry out field water, fertilizer and chemical control management on corn. Chemical control is carried out in the early growth stage, and no irrigation or topdressing is carried out during the period from 5 leaves to 9 leaves. The management in the middle growth stage is the same as that in ordinary fields. No irrigation is carried out during the late growth stage from the milky stage to the mature stage.

[0010] S3. After the corn cob is physiologically mature, the moisture content of the corn kernels is measured. When the moisture content of the corn kernels reaches x ≤ 25%, the corn kernels are mechanically harvested using a harvester and threshing machine.

[0011] In step S1, the corn variety selected is an early-maturing corn variety with a plant height of less than 2.5 m, an ear height of more than 1.1 m, and a growth period of 70-110 days.

[0012] In step S1, when selecting corn varieties, corn varieties with insect-resistant Bt genes are selected.

[0013] In the step S1, the corn sowing method adopts wide and narrow row planting, the width of the wide row a=60-100 cm, the width of the narrow row b=30-50 cm, and the planting density of corn is 4500-6000 plants / mu.

[0014] In the step S3, after the corn cob is physiologically mature and the corn kernel moisture content is greater than 25%, the stalk above the ear is cut according to the formula (n / m)*(a / b)=(35-x) / (x-25), where m represents the cut length of the stalk from the ear to the top of the ear, and n represents the retained length of the stalk above the ear; after cutting, when the bracts turn white and loose and a black layer appears on the top of the kernel, the moisture content of the corn kernel is measured to x≤25%, and the corn is harvested.

[0015] Further, in step S3, the harvesting and threshing machine includes a peeling unit and a threshing unit, the peeling unit is connected to the discharge end of the spike separation unit by means of a conveying unit, the threshing unit is connected to the output end of the peeling unit, the peeling unit includes a group of peeling inner rollers and peeling outer rollers, the peeling inner rollers are arranged in pairs between two peeling outer rollers, a bract collecting box is arranged below the peeling inner rollers, a grain collecting box 4 is arranged below the threshing unit, and the peeling outer rollers and the peeling inner rollers are arranged obliquely downward between the feed end and the output end of the peeling unit.

[0016] Furthermore, the threshing unit includes a group of threshing components which are arranged in sequence along the discharge direction of the peeling unit, and the threshing components include a first slide plate, a first threshing roller and a second threshing roller. The first threshing roller is located between the first slide plate and the second threshing roller for receiving the ears output by the first slide plate. The first threshing roller and the second threshing roller are respectively provided with threshing protrusions. The second threshing roller cooperates with the first threshing roller to thresh the ears. The distance between the threshing protrusion and the first threshing roller is greater than the diameter of the ear stick. A fixed baffle is provided on the rear side of the second threshing roller.

[0017] Furthermore, the output end of the peeling unit is connected with the feed end of the threshing unit by means of a second slide plate, and a lifting baffle is also arranged between the second slide plate and the threshing unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the first threshing roller and the second threshing roller both rotate clockwise, and the speed r of the first threshing roller is 1 Less than the speed r of the second threshing roller 2 .

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] The invention selects early-maturing varieties of corn, prolongs the dehydration time of corn stalks, thereby reducing the moisture content of grains during harvesting, so that the moisture content of grains meets the requirements of mechanical corn harvesting; and increases the ventilation and light transmittance of the group by increasing the density of wide and narrow rows, thereby ensuring the per-acre yield of corn.

[0021] Choose corn varieties with neat ear positions, hard or semi-hard kernels, and dent-shaped kernels, which are easy to mechanically thresh and can reduce the kernel breakage rate;

[0022] After corn is physiologically mature, the moisture content of corn kernels is measured. When the moisture content is lower than 25%, corn kernels are harvested directly. If the moisture content is higher than 25%, the length of the auxiliary part above the ear is calculated according to the formula (n / m)*(a / b)=(35-x) / (x-25), thereby accelerating the dehydration of kernels and reducing kernel mildew.

[0023] Compared with the existing corn grain harvester, the peeling unit and the threshing unit are improved in the integrated harvesting and threshing machine adopted by the present invention. The peeling outer rollers are located on both sides of the paired peeling inner rollers to form a retaining wall to prevent the peeling inner rollers from threshing the ears; the peeling outer rollers are provided with spiral ribs, and when the peeling outer rollers rotate, the ears can be driven to move toward the output end of the peeling unit to ensure that the peeled ears can be smoothly output by the peeling unit;

[0024] The output end of the peeling unit is connected with the feeding end of the threshing unit by means of a second slide plate, and a lifting baffle is arranged between the second slide plate and the threshing unit, and the intermittent feeding of the peeling unit to the threshing unit is realized by means of the lifting baffle plate, so as to prevent too many ears from accumulating in the peeling unit, ensure that each ear is in full and effective contact with the threshing component, and improve the threshing efficiency. On the other hand, it is prevented that too many ears are squeezed and collided with each other during the threshing process, causing the impact force of the ears to increase, avoiding the damage of the grains, and improving the integrity and quality of the grains;

[0025] One or more stages of threshing components are arranged in the threshing unit. The arrangement of the multi-stage threshing components can divert the fruit ears in the threshing unit, thereby improving the threshing efficiency and reducing the amount of fruit ears accumulated in the threshing components at each stage, which helps to improve the integrity of the grains and reduce the load on the threshing components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a top view of the harvesting and threshing machine;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 AA section view;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the part B in the middle;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the rotation direction of the peeling inner roller and the peeling outer roller;

[0031] In the attached drawings, 1, peeling inner roller, 2, peeling outer roller, 3, bract collecting box, 4, grain collecting box, 5, first slide plate, 6, first threshing roller, 7, second threshing roller, 8, threshing protrusion, 9, fixed baffle, 10, second slide plate, 11, lifting baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0033] Specific embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the present invention relates to an integrated processing method for online harvesting and threshing of field corn, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S1. Select corn varieties. In terms of variety selection, early maturity is an important trait indicator for corn suitable for grain harvesting. If the maturity period of corn varieties is appropriately advanced, the dehydration time of corn stalks can be prolonged, thereby reducing the moisture content of grains at harvest. In the spring corn areas of eastern North China and northwest China, the temperature turns cooler in the late stage of corn maturity, and there is basically no water loss after November. Late-maturing varieties with full growth periods have basically no time for dehydration before harvest. Early-maturing varieties have early physiological maturity of grains and relatively abundant light and heat resources, so they dehydrate faster. In the northern summer corn area of ​​the Huanghuaihai region, heat resources are relatively insufficient under the double-cropping system, and the early maturity of varieties is more important for grain dehydration;

[0035] Density tolerance is the basis of grain harvest efficiency;

[0036] The moisture loss of grains after physiological maturity is mainly due to physical dehydration. The relevant agronomic traits and environmental interactions of plants, bracts, cobs and grains are important factors affecting the dehydration rate of grains. In terms of plant type, plant height and ear height are significantly negatively correlated with the dehydration rate of grains. Lower plant height and higher ear position are conducive to the rapid dehydration of the cobs. In addition, a larger angle between the cobs and the stems of the plants is conducive to grain dehydration. Varieties with a plant height of less than 2.5m and a higher ear position are preferred.

[0037] In terms of ear traits, pericarp thickness is negatively correlated with grain dehydration rate, and good pericarp permeability is conducive to grain dehydration. Ear thickness and axis thickness are significantly negatively correlated with grain dehydration rate, and fewer ear rows, smaller ears and smaller grains are conducive to grain dehydration; among all agronomic traits related to grain dehydration rate, ear bract traits are the most studied, and bract thickness and bract layer number are important factors affecting grain dehydration rate. Traits such as loose bracts, short bracts, and low bract water content are all conducive to accelerating grain dehydration rate;

[0038] In terms of ear and grain traits, combined with production surveys, it was found that corn varieties introduced with insect-resistant Bt genes are not harmed by borer pests, and the corn ears grow naturally. Compared with similar corn varieties without gene introduction, the ears are slender, the number of ear rows is slightly less, the number of kernels per row is more, the 100-kernel weight is slightly smaller, the number of kernels per ear is slightly smaller, and the total number of kernels is higher, which is conducive to corn dehydration and high yield;

[0039] Agronomic traits of individual corn plants: well-developed root system and vigorous growth, moderately thick and hard stalks with strong toughness, which can effectively reduce the lodging rate of plants and facilitate mechanical harvesting. The plant is compact and of moderate size, which is conducive to straw cutting and crushing. The ear positions are neat, the angle between the ear and the stalk is moderate, the husks are loose after full maturity, and the ears droop, which is conducive to mechanical peeling and ear picking, and reduces the rate of ear loss and impurity content; and the grains are hard or semi-hard, hard horse-tooth type, the cob is thin, hard, and tough, which is conducive to mechanical threshing, reduces the grain breakage rate, and reduces the impurity content in the grains;

[0040] Group requirements for corn: corn varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting require resistance to dense planting, high temperature, and strong self-regulation ability; on the one hand, it is conducive to mechanical harvesting, and at the same time it can fully guarantee the formation, survival and sufficient natural pollination of pollen grains, and fully tap the high-yield potential. The planting density is generally 4500-6000 plants / mu; the plants are required to grow neatly and the ear height is consistent, which is convenient for mechanical harvesting; corn varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting require strong disease resistance, especially high resistance to stem rot, to prevent the occurrence of straw drying or lodging and breaking in the later stage, which affects mechanical harvesting;

[0041] The corn varieties include Jingdan 917, Heng 9, and Hengyu 517. In this embodiment, Jingdan 917 is selected. Varieties with insect-resistant Bt genes are preferred. When sowing, wide and narrow rows are planted, wherein the width of the wide row is a=60-100 cm, and the width of the narrow row is b=30-50 cm. In this embodiment, a=80 cm and b=40 cm are preferred, and the planting density is 5800 plants / mu.

[0042] S2. Carry out field water, fertilizer and chemical control management for corn. Chemical growth control is carried out in the early growth stage, and no irrigation or topdressing is done during the period of 5-9 leaves. Control the growth from top to bottom to achieve the effect of squatting seedlings to control plant height. Management in the middle growth stage is the same as ordinary field management. Irrigation is avoided during the milky stage to the mature stage (about 25 days before harvest) in the late growth stage. The growth control period of chemical growth control in the early growth stage is when 7-10 leaves are unfolded. The agent can be selected from dwarfing, ampicillin, ethephon, etc. The method of use of the agent is carried out according to the operating instructions of the agent, and the height of corn is controlled by growth control.

[0043] S3. After the corn cob is physiologically mature, the moisture content of the corn kernels is measured. When the moisture content of the corn kernels is x ≤ 25%, the corn kernels are mechanically harvested using a harvester and threshing machine; if the moisture content of the corn kernels is > 25%, the straw needs to be cut;

[0044] Studies have shown that density has a low correlation with ear dehydration, but the ventilation and light transmission rate of the group is proportional to the dehydration of the ear. Therefore, wide and narrow rows are used to increase the density of sowing, and the length of the stem cut above the ear is determined according to the moisture content of the grain to improve the ventilation and light transmission rate of the group.

[0045] According to the analysis of meteorological conditions during the harvest period, it takes 13 to 15 days to dry the grain moisture content from physiological maturity to 25%, and 35 to 49 days to 20% in the central and southern Huanghuaihai regions, while it takes 30 to 35 days in the northern Hebei region; currently, the main varieties of summer corn in Huanghuaihai require an active accumulated temperature (≥0℃) of about 2050 to 2800℃·day from seedling to physiological maturity, and about 160℃·day from physiological maturity to the grain moisture content dropping to 25%, and about 190℃·day is required to continue drying to 20%;

[0046] Determine the moisture content of corn kernels. When the moisture content of corn kernels is greater than 25%, cut the stalk above the ear position according to the formula (n / m)*(a / b)=(35-x) / (x-25), where m represents the cut length of the stalk from the ear to the ear position, n represents the retained length of the stalk above the ear position, and m+n is the length from the ear position to the ear;

[0047] After the straw is cut, wait until the bracts turn white and loose, and a black layer appears on the top of the kernel. Measure the moisture content of the kernel regularly and harvest the corn when it reaches the standard.

[0048] The moisture content of corn kernels is measured by randomly selecting ears to harvest the kernels, and then measuring them using grain moisture monitoring instruments available on the market. It requires collecting multiple samples and calculating the average. For example, corn kernels are collected near the edge of the plot and the center of the plot to measure the moisture content and calculate the average, and the average is used as the moisture content of the corn kernels.

[0049] The invention can reduce the corn harvesting links, greatly improve labor efficiency, save costs, promote large-scale field production, and at the same time reduce the breakage rate of grains in the mechanical grain harvesting process and reduce losses.

[0050] The harvesting and threshing machine in step S3 is a harvesting and threshing machine dedicated to corn, including a peeling unit and a threshing unit. The peeling unit is connected to the discharge end of the ear stem separation unit by means of a conveying unit, and the threshing unit is connected to the output end of the peeling unit. Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the peeling unit includes a group of peeling inner rollers 1 and peeling outer rollers 2. The peeling inner rollers 1 are arranged in pairs between two peeling outer rollers 2. A bract collecting box 3 is arranged below the peeling inner rollers 1. A grain collecting box 4 is arranged below the threshing unit. The peeling outer rollers 2 and the peeling inner rollers 1 are arranged obliquely downward between the feed end and the output end of the peeling unit.

[0051] During the harvesting process, the corn stalks are cut off by the harvesting and threshing machine, and the ear-stem separation unit in the harvesting and threshing machine can separate the ears from the stalks. The ears fall from the ear-stem separation unit to the conveying unit, and the conveying unit is a screw shaft. The conveying unit conveys the ears to the peeling unit; the height of the peeling outer roller 2 in the peeling unit is higher than the peeling inner roller 1, and the peeling outer roller 2 is located on both sides of the paired peeling inner rollers 1 to form a retaining wall to prevent the ears from falling off the peeling inner roller 1. In this embodiment, a group of peeling components is formed by a pair of peeling inner rollers 1 and a pair of peeling outer rollers 2. A retaining shaft is arranged between each group of peeling components. The retaining shaft separates and evacuates the ears to each group of peeling components. The retaining shaft is a circular shaft that can rotate around its own axis; peeling protrusions are evenly distributed on the peeling inner roller 1 and the peeling outer roller 2, such as Figure 5 As shown, the peeling inner roller 1 and the adjacent peeling outer roller 2 rotate in opposite directions, and the peeling protrusions squeeze and rub the husk on the surface of the ear to separate the corn husk from the ear. The paired peeling inner rollers 1 lift the ear to make it fall into the gap between the peeling inner roller 1 and the adjacent peeling outer roller 2. The peeling outer roller 2 squeezes the ear downward to make it fully contact with the peeling inner roller 1 and the peeling outer roller 2, thereby improving the peeling efficiency.

[0052] Since the peeling outer roller 2 and the peeling inner roller 1 are arranged obliquely downward between the feed end and the output end of the peeling unit, after the peeling inner roller 1 and the peeling outer roller 2 rotate to remove the husk on the surface of the fruit ear, the fruit ear slides along the peeling inner roller 1 toward the output end of the peeling unit under the action of gravity.

[0053] The output end of the peeling unit is connected with the feed end of the threshing unit by means of the second slide plate 10. The fruit ears output by the peeling unit slide toward the threshing unit through the second slide plate 10. A lifting baffle 11 is also provided between the second slide plate 10 and the threshing unit. The lifting baffle 11 is connected to the telescopic end of the cylinder. The cylinder is installed above the second slide plate 10. The cylinder drives the lifting baffle 11 to descend, so that the lifting baffle 11 blocks the fruit ears on the second slide plate 10 from being output to the threshing unit. After the blocking time reaches a set time, the cylinder drives the lifting baffle 11 to rise, and the fruit ears output by the peeling unit supported on the second slide plate 10 continue to be transported to the threshing unit. After the transportation time reaches a set time, the cylinder drives the lifting baffle 11 to descend again, and so on and so forth, intermittently transporting the peeled fruit ears to the threshing unit to reduce the accumulation of fruit ears in the threshing unit.

[0054] Further, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the threshing unit includes a group of threshing components which are sequentially connected along the discharging direction of the peeling unit, and the threshing components include a first slide plate 5, a first threshing roller 6 and a second threshing roller 7. The first threshing roller 6 is located between the first slide plate 5 and the second threshing roller 7 for receiving the ears output by the first slide plate 5. The first threshing roller 6 and the second threshing roller 7 are respectively provided with threshing protrusions 8. The second threshing roller 7 cooperates with the first threshing roller 6 to thresh the ears. The distance between the threshing protrusion 8 and the first threshing roller 6 is greater than the diameter of the ear stick. A fixed baffle 9 is provided at the rear side of the second threshing roller 7. In the present embodiment, two threshing components are arranged in the threshing unit, namely a primary threshing component and a secondary threshing component. The first slide plate 5 in the primary threshing component is used to receive the fruit ears outputted from the second slide plate 10, and the first arc plate 6 in the secondary threshing component is used to receive the excess fruit ears in the primary threshing component. The fruit ears accumulated in the primary threshing component and higher than the fixed baffle plate 9 of the threshing component of this level fall into the first slide plate 5 of the secondary threshing component, and the first threshing roller 6 and the second threshing roller 7 in the secondary threshing component cooperate to thresh the fruit ears, thereby increasing the number of fruit ears threshed at the same time and improving the threshing efficiency. The fixed baffle plate 9 in the secondary threshing component prevents the fruit ears from falling out of the threshing unit.

[0055] The working process of the threshing assembly is as follows: the fruit ears slide from the first slide plate 5 to between the first threshing roller 6 and the second threshing roller 7, the first threshing roller 6 and the second threshing roller 7 rotate, and the threshing protrusions 8 on the first threshing roller 6 and the second threshing roller 7 impact the fruit ears, so that the grains are separated from the ear axis, and the grains fall from the gap between the first threshing roller 6 and the second threshing roller 7 into the grain collecting box 4. The upper layer of the grain collecting box 4 is provided with a screen, and the grains fall to the lower layer of the grain collecting box 4 through the screen. After the threshing of the fruit ears is completed, the diameter becomes smaller, and the grains fall from between the first threshing roller 6 and the second threshing roller 7 to the screen on the upper layer of the grain collecting box 4 to be collected.

[0056] Preferably, the first threshing roller 6 and the second threshing roller 7 both rotate clockwise, and the speed r of the first threshing roller 6 is 1 Less than the rotation speed r of the second threshing roller 7 2 The first threshing roller 6 and the second threshing roller 7 rotate in the same direction at different speeds, and the ears are subjected to different friction forces between the first threshing roller 6 and the second threshing roller 7, so that the ears are rubbed and the corn kernels are separated from the ear axis.

Claims

1. A method for integrating online harvesting and threshing of field corn, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select corn varieties for field sowing; S2. Carry out field water, fertilizer and chemical control management on corn. Chemical control is carried out in the early growth stage, and no irrigation or topdressing is carried out during the period from 5 leaves to 9 leaves. The management in the middle growth stage is the same as that in ordinary fields. No irrigation is carried out during the late growth stage from the milky stage to the mature stage. S3. After the corn cob is physiologically mature, the moisture content of the corn kernels is measured. When the moisture content of the corn kernels reaches x ≤ 25%, the corn kernels are mechanically harvested using a harvester and threshing machine.

2. The method for online harvesting and threshing of field corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the corn variety selected is an early-maturing corn variety with a plant height of less than 2.5 m, an ear height of more than 1.1 m, and a growth period of 70-110 days.

3. The method for online harvesting and threshing of field corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, when selecting corn varieties, corn varieties with insect-resistant Bt genes are selected.

4. The method for online harvesting and threshing of field corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the corn sowing method adopts wide and narrow row planting, the width of the wide row a=60-100 cm, the width of the narrow row b=30-50 cm, and the planting density of corn is 4500-6000 plants / mu.

5. The method for online harvesting and threshing of field corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, after the corn cob is physiologically mature and the corn kernel moisture content is greater than 25%, the stalk above the ear is cut according to the formula (n / m)*(a / b)=(35-x) / (x-25), where m represents the cut length of the stalk from the ear to the top of the ear, and n represents the retained length of the stalk above the ear; after cutting, when the bracts turn white and loose and a black layer appears on the top of the kernel, the moisture content of the corn kernel is measured to x≤25%, and the corn is harvested.

6. The method for online harvesting and threshing of field corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the harvesting and threshing machine includes a peeling unit and a threshing unit. The peeling unit is connected to the discharge end of the spike separation unit by means of a conveying unit, and the threshing unit is connected to the output end of the peeling unit. The peeling unit includes a group of peeling inner rollers (1) and peeling outer rollers (2). The peeling inner rollers (1) are arranged in pairs between two peeling outer rollers (2). A bract collection box (3) is arranged below the peeling inner rollers (1). A grain collection box (4) is arranged below the threshing unit. The peeling outer rollers (2) and the peeling inner rollers (1) are arranged obliquely downward between the feed end and the output end of the peeling unit.

7. The method for online harvesting and threshing of field corn according to claim 6, characterized in that: The threshing unit comprises a group of threshing components which are arranged in sequence along the discharging direction of the peeling unit, and the threshing components comprise a first slide plate (5), a first threshing roller (6) and a second threshing roller (7). The first threshing roller (6) is located between the first slide plate (5) and the second threshing roller (7) and is used to receive the ears output by the first slide plate (5). The first threshing roller (6) and the second threshing roller (7) are respectively provided with threshing protrusions (9). The second threshing roller (7) cooperates with the first threshing roller (6) to thresh the ears. The distance between the threshing protrusion (9) and the first threshing roller (6) is greater than the diameter of the ear stick. A fixed baffle (9) is provided on the rear side of the second threshing roller (7).

8. According to the method for integrated online harvesting and threshing of field corn according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: The output end of the peeling unit is connected to the feed end of the threshing unit by means of a second slide plate (10), and a lifting baffle (11) is also provided between the second slide plate (10) and the threshing unit.

9. The method for online harvesting and threshing of field corn according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The first threshing roller (6) and the second threshing roller (7) both rotate clockwise, and the rotation speed r1 of the first threshing roller (6) is less than the rotation speed r2 of the second threshing roller (7).

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