Method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of pleione bulbocodioides through mixed matrix and application
By adopting mixed matrix planting methods and refined water and fertilizer management in the planting of garlic orchid, the problems of instability in the medium and high cost, yield and quality of garlic orchid planting were solved, high yield and efficient planting effects were achieved, and pests and diseases were controlled.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510524281.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-06
AI Technical Summary
The existing single orchid planting methods have problems of high cost, yield and quality instability, especially in the soil of Dian Chonglou in high altitude areas, which can easily cause pest epidemics and reduce yield and quality.
The mixed matrix planting method is adopted, including building a flat-top sunshade, digging and soil cleaning and laying floor cloth, using plastic mesh and sunshade fences, adding mixed matrix formula humus, bark dander, sawn wood residue and chimney ash, and carrying out refined water and fertilizer management and pest control.
It has achieved high yield and efficient cultivation of sausage orchid, reduced production costs, improved yield and quality, controlled the incidence of pests and diseases, and expanded the rotation planting area of Chinese medicinal materials.
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Figure CN120092690A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to but is not limited to the technical field of garlic orchid planting, and in particular relates to a method and application of promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of garlic orchid with a mixed matrix. Background Art
[0002] Introduction to Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe: It is a national second-class protected plant of the Orchidaceae family and the Pleione genus, and is also a species endemic to China. China is one of the main countries of origin of Pleione bulbocodioides, with 16 species and 5 natural hybrids, and is also the distribution center of this genus. Pleione bulbocodioides is restricted by the growth characteristics of the plant itself, loose and fertile substrate, and shaded and warm climate environment. The planting altitude of Pleione bulbocodioides is 1100-3500m. In recent years, most of the houses in high-altitude areas have planted Paris polyphylla or Polygonatum sibiricum. At present, Paris polyphylla has been planted for too long, and soil pathogens have accumulated a lot, which is easy to cause the spread of diseases and insect pests, reduce yield and quality, and urgently need to find alternative Chinese medicinal materials.
[0003] The single garlic orchid has a high medicinal value. In medicine, its stems can be used as medicine, which has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxifying, relieving cough and reducing phlegm. It also has a good therapeutic effect on asthma and joint pain. The single garlic orchid likes a cool, ventilated semi-shady environment, is relatively cold-resistant, does not hibernate in winter, and the lowest temperature for wintering is above -10°C. It is suitable for planting in loose, breathable, well-drained humus soil with a high organic matter content or sawdust and bark chips. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruiting period is September-October. At present, the planting method of the single garlic orchid is to plant the bulbs in a field seedling bed. The single matrix (bark chips or sawdust) has good drainage and air permeability, but poor fertilizer retention. The field seedling bed needs to be maintained all year round, the planting cost is high, and the yield and quality cannot be guaranteed.
[0004] In view of the above analysis, the technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the prior art is: a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method of Solanum sibiricum is urgently needed. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and application of promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae with a mixed matrix.
[0006] The present invention is achieved by providing a method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of garlic orchids through mixed matrix, comprising the following steps:
[0007] S1, build a flat-top shade: build a flat-top sunshade on the prepared ground;
[0008] S2, dig trenches and lay ground cloth: dig trenches on gently sloping land with a depth of 30cm, a bottom width of 40cm, and a top width of 50cm, with a surface height of 30cm and a width of 140cm; lay black ground cloth in the trenches to prevent weeds from growing again and reduce the labor required for weeding;
[0009] S3, plastic net plus sunshade net as a fence around: On the planting surface of the gently sloping land, plastic net and sunshade net are used as fences around, 30cm high, with fences 50cm apart, and pillars are inserted to support the plastic net;
[0010] S4, mixed matrix formula: add mixed matrix formula humus soil to the surface of the planted Chinese medicinal materials;
[0011] S5, planting time of Solanum sibiricum: November of the current year to February of the following year;
[0012] S6, planting method of garlic orchid: according to the size of the bulb, plant the bulb in the mixed medium, cover it with a layer of leaf fragments with a thickness of 2-3cm, cover the leaf fragments, retain water and fertilizer, increase the ground temperature to prevent cold, prevent direct sunlight, adjust the appropriate temperature and humidity, and promote the differentiation and germination of the bulb;
[0013] S7, water management: no watering from November to mid-February of the following year to prevent bulb rot, let the bulb dry and break blood, and the bulb will have new buds after a period of low-temperature dormancy. On the contrary, if the watering medium is too wet, the roots are prone to rot and disease; the growth of the garlic orchid, the new buds absorb nutrients from the old bulbs and begin to grow and expand, and the old bulbs slowly lose water and die; watering can be done appropriately in late February to promote the growth of new buds;
[0014] S8, Fertilization management: July to October is the period of vigorous growth and expansion of garlic orchid. Apply water-soluble fertilizer twice a month, 8 times a year, apply fertilizer frequently and thinly, and the fertilizer concentration is 2000-3000 times liquid;
[0015] S9. Pest and disease control: focus on prevention and comprehensive control, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, water and fertilizer management, control the humidity of the mixed matrix, and pests and diseases will be effectively prevented and controlled.
[0016] Furthermore, in S1, a flat-top sunshade with a height of 2.5-3m and a length determined according to the terrain is built on the prepared ground, with columns of 4×4m and steel ropes supporting the sunshade net.
[0017] Furthermore, the aperture of the plastic net in S3 is 2 cm×2 cm, 80% of the sunshade net, and the upright posts include bamboo sticks and miscellaneous wooden sticks.
[0018] Furthermore, the Chinese medicinal materials in S4 include: Paris polyphylla, Polygonatum sibiricum, and Bletilla striata.
[0019] Furthermore, the raw materials of the mixed matrix formula humus in S4 are humus: sawdust: bark chips: chimney ash in a volume ratio of 4:3:2:1, and the bark chips are crushed into pieces of 2-3 cm in size.
[0020] Furthermore, the plant spacing in S6 was: 8cm×8cm, 10cm×10cm, and 13cm×13cm.
[0021] Furthermore, in S6, leaves were collected from the mountain and chopped into pieces of 3-5 cm in size using a machete.
[0022] Furthermore, in S8, compound fertilizers with high nitrogen content were applied in the early stage, balanced fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied in the middle stage, and compound fertilizers with high potassium content were applied in the late stage. The yield was as high as 1000kg / mu, and the average yield was more than 500kg / mu.
[0023] Furthermore, the main diseases in S9 are leaf spot, sheath rust, white rot, and anthracnose; the main insect pests are scale insects.
[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae with a mixed matrix and its application in high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae.
[0025] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:
[0026] First, the present invention combines the suitable environmental conditions of the native habitat of the garlic orchid, fully considers the rotation planting rules of traditional Chinese medicine, the environment, shade, temperature, cool and humidity characteristics of the garlic orchid, and establishes a mixed matrix to promote the high-yield and high-efficiency planting method of the garlic orchid. The mixed matrix is used to plant the garlic orchid on the ground, the moisture surface is 30 cm high, and plastic nets and shade nets are used as fences on all sides to prevent the matrix from sliding down. Ground cloth is laid in the ditch to prevent weeds from regrowing and facilitate drainage. No watering is done in the dry winter season to ensure that the bulbs are dormant at low temperatures and promote the differentiation of lateral buds. High yield and high efficiency can be achieved, production costs can be reduced, and the promotion of the planting of the garlic orchid as a substitute for traditional Chinese medicine can be accelerated.
[0027] The planting method of the present invention reduces production costs, selects the planting matrix of the monocotyledon, and expands the planting area of Chinese medicinal materials in crop rotation. A mixed matrix of humus soil: sawdust residue: bark shavings: chimney ash = (volume ratio 4:3:2:1) is added to the soil where the polyphylla was originally planted to plant the monocotyledon. Since the monocotyledon is a shallow-rooted orchid, the advantages of mixed matrix planting are: first, the humus soil has a high organic matter content and high soil fertility; second, sawdust residue increases the looseness of the matrix and has good fertilizer and water retention; third, bark shavings increase the air permeability and drainage of the matrix; fourth, the chimney dust of the sugar factory can improve the soil, increase the soil pH value, increase potassium fertilizer, sterilize and disinfect, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests; fifth, covering leaf fragments can keep warm and moisturize, prevent direct sunlight and the exposed surface of the bulb from being washed by water; sixth, black ground cloth is laid in the ditch to prevent weeds from re-growth and reduce the labor of weeding. The planting area of the monocotyledon can be expanded within a certain technical range, the planting cost is reduced, the repeated utilization rate of land rotation in mountainous areas is increased, and the income of farmers is increased.
[0028] The invention has simple process and convenient operation, improves the reuse rate of land in mountainous areas, reduces the incidence of diseases and insect pests through reasonable crop rotation, makes full use of sporadic planting or intensive planting in front of and behind houses, provides technical support for the promotion and application of Chinese medicinal materials planting in mountainous areas, and can make full use of the complementary and rapid renewal of alternative species of Chinese medicinal materials to carry out mixed matrix promotion of high-yield and high-efficiency planting methods of Orchidaceae, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing production and efficiency for farmers.
[0029] Second, the present invention can significantly increase the unit per mu output value and promote the increase in production and efficiency of garlic orchid planting. According to the current promotion and output value of Chinese medicinal material planting technology, the mixed matrix planting method described in the present invention is adopted, and the average per mu yield of garlic orchid planting is more than 500kg / mu, the sales price of fresh bulbs is 600 yuan / kg, and the per mu output value is as high as more than 300,000 yuan. The economic income of garlic orchid planting is 5-7 times that of Paris polyphylla, which is an effective way for local farmers to increase production and income.
[0030] Paris polyphylla, Polygonatum sibiricum, Bletilla striata and other underground root Chinese medicinal plants, long-term planting, soil accumulation of a large number of pests and diseases, the use of Chinese medicinal materials rotation complement pests and diseases can be effectively controlled. This technology uses ecological biodiversity, insects to control insects, diseases to prevent diseases, local materials, improve waste utilization, fill the gap in the rotation technology of orchids and root plants planted in Chinese medicinal materials at home and abroad, a mixed matrix planting of garlic orchids can control the occurrence of pests and diseases, improve products and quality.
[0031] At present, farmers in mountainous areas conventionally plant Chinese medicinal materials (Tripterygium wilfordii, Polygonatum sibiricum, Bletilla striata). In recent years, the price of Chinese medicinal materials has been declining year by year. Farmers have been looking for new varieties to replace Chinese medicinal materials. Cymbidium ensifolium is a Chinese medicinal material with high economic value. A new method of planting Cymbidium ensifolium in mixed matrix can provide local farmers with alternative species and new methods for crop rotation of Chinese medicinal materials, thereby increasing farmers' yield and output value.
[0032] Conventional Chinese medicinal materials planting technology, planting Chinese medicinal materials in a single matrix, the matrix environment and soil moisture cannot be well controlled, resulting in rain erosion, soil compaction, poor air permeability, high incidence of diseases and insect pests. In order to prevent and control diseases and insect pests, the dosage of pesticides is increased, which seriously affects the yield and quality. However, based on the planting environment and growth conditions of the garlic orchid, the composite matrix planting of orchid plants on the ground is overcome, providing technical support for the high-yield and efficient planting of the garlic orchid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae with a mixed matrix provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.
[0035] The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method of Cymbidium orchid using a mixed matrix, including a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method of shading, soil preparation, fencing and soil retaining, and matrix ratio. The purpose of high yield and high efficiency can be achieved by fully utilizing the crop rotation of Chinese medicinal materials. High-standard planting and high-level management can increase the unit output value. Cymbidium orchid is very suitable for crop rotation in Paris polyphylla planting areas, which greatly improves the utilization rate of crop rotation land in mountainous areas and increases farmers' income. The growth advantages of crop rotation of Chinese medicinal materials are fully utilized, a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method of Cymbidium orchid using a mixed matrix is established, the dosage of concentrated medicine is reduced, the incidence of diseases and insect pests in Chinese medicinal materials planting is effectively controlled, the yield and quality of Cymbidium orchid are improved, and technical support is provided for the rapid and high-quality development of the Chinese medicinal materials industry.
[0036] The present invention aims at the technical problems existing in the cultivation process of Solitary Garlic Orchid, such as unreasonable substrate selection, insufficient cultivation environment regulation, unscientific water and fertilizer management, and poor pest and disease control, and proposes an efficient cultivation method based on a mixed substrate. By constructing a flat-top sunshade with good light transmittance and sunshade effect on a gentle slope, as well as a matching plastic net and sunshade net fence system, the light and humidity conditions of the cultivation environment are optimized, and the adverse effects of extreme weather conditions on the growth of Solitary Garlic Orchid are significantly reduced. The reasonable setting of parameters such as the column spacing, mesh specifications and height of the sunshade ensures the dynamic balance between air circulation and photosynthesis, and provides a suitable ecological environment for Solitary Garlic Orchid.
[0037] Through the design of the improved mixed matrix formula humus, the present invention significantly improves the aeration, water retention and nutrient supply balance of the matrix. In the matrix formula, humus, sawdust, bark shavings and chimney ash are prepared in a volume ratio of 4:3:2:1, and the particle size of bark shavings is strictly controlled at 2-3cm to ensure good particle structure and water vapor exchange performance. This optimized matrix structure can effectively promote the growth and respiration of the root system of the garlic orchid, and improve the root system's absorption efficiency of water and nutrients. Compared with the traditional single matrix, the application of the mixed matrix significantly improves the survival rate and growth rate of the plant.
[0038] In terms of water and fertilizer management, the present invention combines the growth and development cycle characteristics of the garlic orchid, adopts phased fertilization and refined irrigation technology, and accurately regulates nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients at different growth stages. During the vigorous growth and expansion period (July-October), a high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer is used, and a thin and frequent application strategy is carried out twice a month at a diluted concentration of 2000-3000 times. Through the optimized design of fertilizer concentration and frequency, the photosynthetic efficiency of the plant and the accumulation of nutrients are significantly improved, and finally the high-yield target of up to 1000kg per mu is achieved.
[0039] In terms of pest control, the present invention adopts the strategy of "prevention first, comprehensive management as a supplement", and reduces the probability of disease occurrence by optimizing substrate humidity and ventilation and light transmission conditions. At the same time, a systematic early detection and comprehensive prevention and control system has been established for major pests and diseases such as leaf spot, sheath rust, white rot, anthracnose and scale insects. Through the organic combination of environmental regulation and chemical control, the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases are effectively suppressed, providing an important guarantee for the stable and high yield of garlic orchid.
[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae with a mixed matrix, comprising the following steps:
[0041] S1, build a flat-top shade: build a flat-top sunshade with a height of 2.5-3m and a length determined by the terrain on the prepared ground, with 4×4m columns and steel ropes to support the sunshade net.
[0042] S2, dig trenches, level the ground and lay ground cloth: dig trenches on gently sloping land with a depth of 30cm, a bottom width of 40cm and a top width of 50cm, with a surface height of 30cm and a width of 140cm; lay black ground cloth in the trenches to prevent the re-growth of weeds and reduce the labor required for weeding.
[0043] S3, plastic net plus sunshade net as a fence: On the planting surface of gently sloping land, use plastic net (hole stem 2cm×2cm) and 80% sunshade net as a fence around the plant, 30cm high, with a fence spacing of 50cm. Use posts (bamboo sticks, miscellaneous wood sticks) to support the plastic net.
[0044] S4, mixed matrix formula: add a mixed matrix formula of humus soil: sawdust: bark chips: chimney ash (volume ratio 4:3:2:1) to the surface of the planted Chinese medicinal materials (Paridis, Polygonatum, Bletilla striata). The bark chips are crushed into pieces of 2-3 cm in size.
[0045] S5, planting time of Solanum edulis: November of the current year to February of the following year.
[0046] S6, planting method of Solanum sempervirens: according to the size of bulbs, planting row spacing: 8cm×8cm, 10cm×10cm, 13cm×13cm, plant the bulbs in the mixed matrix, cover with a layer of leaf fragments with a thickness of 2-3cm, collect leaves from the mountain, use a machete to cut the leaves into 3-5cm pieces, cover with leaf fragments, retain water and fertilizer, increase ground temperature to prevent cold, prevent direct sunlight, adjust suitable temperature and humidity, and promote bulb differentiation and germination.
[0047] S7, Water management: Do not water from November to mid-February of the following year to prevent bulb rot. Let the bulbs dry out and break blood. After a period of low-temperature dormancy, new buds will appear on the bulbs. On the contrary, if the watering medium is too wet, the roots are prone to rot and disease. In the growth of the garlic orchid, the new buds absorb nutrients from the old bulbs and begin to grow and swell, and the old bulbs slowly lose water and die. Water appropriately in late February to promote the growth of new buds.
[0048] S8, Fertilization management: July to October is the period of vigorous growth and expansion of garlic orchid. Apply water-soluble fertilizer twice a month, 8 times a year, apply frequently and thinly, and the fertilizer concentration is 2000-3000 times liquid. Apply compound fertilizer with high nitrogen content in the early stage, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer in the middle stage, and compound fertilizer with high potassium content in the late stage. The yield is as high as 1000kg / mu, and the average yield is more than 500kg / mu.
[0049] S9, pest and disease control: Main diseases: leaf spot, sheath rust, white rot, anthracnose; Main pests: scale insects. Focus on prevention and comprehensive control, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, water and fertilizer management, and control the humidity of the mixed substrate, and pests and diseases will be effectively controlled.
[0050] Example 1: The garlic orchid was planted in a single substrate seedbed. The substrate was thin and bark chips were artificially fertilized to provide nutrition for the bulbs. The number of bulb sprouts was small, the growth was slow, and the yield was as low as 300kg / mu.
[0051] Example 2: The mixed substrate of garlic orchid is planted in the field. The substrate is thick and has a high organic matter content. The number of bulb sprouts increases exponentially, the bulbs swell and grow quickly, and the yield is as high as 500kg / mu.
[0052] Example 1: Cultivation method of Orchidaceae based on mixed matrix optimization
[0053] A high-yield cultivation test of Solitary Garlic Orchid was conducted in a typical gentle slope mountain area (slope of 5°-10°) in Yunnan Province. The test area adopted the mixed matrix formula of the present invention, and the matrix was prepared by humus, sawdust, bark chips and chimney ash in a volume ratio of 4:3:2:1. The bark chips were mechanically crushed and sieved into uniform fragments of 2-3 cm to ensure good porosity and air permeability. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, the total porosity of the matrix reached more than 60%, and the ratio of macropores to micropores was reasonable (about 1:1.5), which can significantly improve the water permeability and water retention of the matrix.
[0054] During the experiment, the planting density of the bulbs of the garlic orchid was set at 10cm×10cm, with one bulb planted in each hole. In order to ensure uniform light and suitable humidity for the bulbs, a 2.5m high flat-top sunshade was built (with a column spacing of 4m×4m) and covered with a sunshade net with an 80% shading rate. The cultivation environment was monitored in real time through infrared temperature and humidity sensors, and the relative humidity of the air was maintained at 65%-75%, and the average temperature was controlled between 15℃-25℃.
[0055] During the cultivation period, the photosynthetic rate of the garlic orchid was detected by a photosynthesis rate measurement system (LI-6400XT). The results showed that the garlic orchid cultivated with the matrix formula of the present invention had a high photosynthetic rate when the light intensity was 800 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The net photosynthetic rate can reach 9.3 μmol CO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 , which is 32.6% higher than the traditional cultivation method. At the end of the growth cycle, the yield per mu reached 980kg, the average plant height increased by 15.4%, and the root dry weight increased by 23.7%.
[0056] Example 2: Efficient cultivation method of Orchidaceae based on refined water and fertilizer management
[0057] At a Chinese medicinal material cultivation experimental base in Guizhou Province, a systematic study was conducted using phased fertilization and precision irrigation technology to target the nutritional needs of the garlic orchid at different growth stages. Based on the dynamic monitoring of leaf SPAD values (chlorophyll content index) and soil electrical conductivity (EC) measurements, a fertilization and irrigation model for different growth stages was constructed.
[0058] During the seedling stage (November to mid-February of the following year), the bulbs are in a low-temperature dormant stage. To avoid rot caused by excessive water, stop irrigation and keep the relative moisture content of the substrate at 30%-35%. During the growth start-up period from late February to June, gradually increase the irrigation frequency and fertilizer concentration to promote rapid growth of new buds. During this stage, apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (NPK ratio of 25-10-10) and irrigate the roots twice a month with 2000 times liquid.
[0059] During the vigorous growth period (July to October), nutrients are supplemented by combining high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizers with foliar spraying technology. The fertilization plan is: twice a month, a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 20-20-20 is applied at a concentration of 2500 times; at the same time, a foliar spray of potassium fertilizer (NPK ratio of 10-10-30) is carried out once a month to improve photosynthesis efficiency and carbohydrate accumulation. The soil electrical conductivity (EC) is maintained at 0.8-1.2mS / cm, and the leaf SPAD value is stable between 42-48, indicating that the plant is in a state of efficient photosynthesis.
[0060] Before harvest (October to January of the following year), potassium fertilizer was mainly applied (NPK ratio was 10-10-30) with a concentration of 3000 times liquid to promote bulb expansion and dry matter accumulation. The test results showed that the yield of garlic orchid per mu under the optimized fertilization scheme reached 1020kg, an increase of 38.4% over the control group, and the average weight of each plant increased by 21.5%.
[0061] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae with mixed matrix, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, build a flat-top shade: build a flat-top sunshade on the prepared ground; S2, dig trenches and lay ground cloth: dig trenches on gently sloping land with a depth of 30cm, a bottom width of 40cm, and a top width of 50cm, with a surface height of 30cm and a width of 140cm; lay black ground cloth in the trenches; S3, plastic net plus sunshade net as a fence around: On the planting surface of the gently sloping land, plastic net plus sunshade net is used as a fence around the plantation, 30cm high, with a fence spacing of 50cm, and pillars are inserted to support the plastic net; S4, mixed matrix formula: add mixed matrix formula humus soil to the surface of the planted Chinese medicinal materials; S5, planting time of Solanum sibiricum: November of the current year to February of the following year; S6, planting method of garlic orchid: according to the size of the bulb, plant the bulb in the mixed medium and cover it with a layer of leaf fragments 2-3cm thick; S7, water management: no watering from November to mid-February of the following year. After the bulbs have been dormant for a period of time, new buds will appear. The new buds absorb nutrients from the old bulbs and begin to grow and swell. The old bulbs slowly lose water and die. Water appropriately in late February to promote the growth of new buds. S8, Fertilization management: July to October is the period of vigorous growth and expansion of garlic orchid. Apply water-soluble fertilizer twice a month, 8 times a year, apply fertilizer frequently and thinly, and the fertilizer concentration is 2000-3000 times liquid; S9. Pest and disease control: focus on prevention and integrated control, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, water and fertilizer management, control the humidity of the mixed matrix, and effectively prevent and control pests and diseases.
2. The method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae by mixed matrix as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the S1, a flat-top sunshade with a height of 2.5-3m and a length determined according to the terrain is built on the prepared ground, with columns of 4×4m and steel ropes supporting the sunshade net.
3. The mixed matrix method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The aperture of the plastic net in S3 is 2cm×2cm, 80% of the net is shade net, and the upright posts include bamboo sticks and miscellaneous wooden sticks.
4. The mixed matrix method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The Chinese medicinal materials in S4 include Paris polyphylla, Polygonatum sibiricum, and Bletilla striata.
5. The mixed matrix method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the mixed matrix formula humus in S4 are humus: sawdust: bark chips: chimney ash in a volume ratio of 4:3:2:1, and the bark chips are crushed into pieces of 2-3 cm in size.
6. The method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae by mixed matrix as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The plant row spacing in S6 is: 8cm×8cm, 10cm×10cm, 13cm×13cm.
7. The method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae by mixed matrix as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the S6, leaves are collected from the mountain and chopped into pieces of 3-5 cm in size using a machete.
8. The method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae by mixed matrix as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the S8, a compound fertilizer with high nitrogen content is applied in the early stage, a balanced fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied in the middle stage, and a compound fertilizer with high potassium content is applied in the late stage. The yield is as high as 1000kg / mu, and the average yield is more than 500kg / mu.
9. The method for promoting high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae by mixed matrix as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The main diseases in S9 are leaf spot, sheath rust, white rot and anthracnose; the main insect pests are scale insects.
10. Use of the mixed matrix as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 to promote the high-yield and high-efficiency planting method of Orchidaceae in high-yield and high-efficiency planting of Orchidaceae.