Equipment for separating precious metal from waste circuit board and extraction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses equipment for separating precious metal from waste circuit boards. The equipment comprises an extraction device body, and a metal plate crushing mechanism and a metal collecting mechanism are arranged on the extraction device body; the metal plate crushing mechanism comprises a supporting plate, a servo motor is fixedly arranged on the supporting plate, a first transmission shaft is rotationally inserted into the extraction device body, the end, close to the servo motor, of the first transmission shaft rotationally penetrates through the extraction device body, and the outer surface of the end of the first transmission shaft is fixedly sleeved with a first synchronous wheel; a second transmission shaft rotates on the extraction device body, the end, close to the servo motor, of the second transmission shaft rotationally penetrates through the extraction device body, and the outer surface of the end of the second transmission shaft is fixedly sleeved with a second synchronous wheel. Waste circuit boards can be smashed, waste metal boards are smashed into finer particles, and then the subsequent metal separation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of resource recovery, and in particular relates to a device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards and a method for extracting precious metals from waste circuit boards. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic technology, electronic products are updated and replaced extremely quickly, resulting in a large number of waste circuit boards. Waste circuit boards are rich in various precious metals such as gold, silver, palladium, platinum, etc. These precious metals have extremely high economic value and strategic significance. However, traditional methods for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards have many defects.

[0003] The early manual disassembly method was extremely inefficient and posed a great threat to the health of operators. The common acid leaching method, although it can dissolve some precious metals, requires a large amount of strong acid, which is not only costly, but also extremely difficult to handle in the subsequent treatment of the acid solution, which can easily cause serious environmental pollution. At the same time, impurities may be introduced during the acid leaching process, affecting the purity of the precious metals. The incineration method removes organic matter on the circuit board through high-temperature incineration, but dioxins and other highly toxic and harmful gases will be produced during the incineration process, causing catastrophic damage to the atmospheric environment. In addition, some existing separation equipment has problems such as incomplete separation of precious metals from other substances and low recovery rate during the separation process. These drawbacks seriously hinder the effective recovery and utilization of precious metal resources in waste circuit boards. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient device and extraction method for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards, so as to solve the problems of incomplete separation of precious metals from other substances and low recovery rate raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards, comprising:

[0006] It comprises an extraction device body, on which a metal plate crushing mechanism and a metal collecting mechanism are provided;

[0007] The metal plate crushing mechanism includes a support plate, on which a servo motor is fixed, a first transmission shaft is rotatably inserted on the extraction device body, an end of the first transmission shaft close to the servo motor rotates and penetrates the extraction device body, and a first synchronous wheel is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of its end, a second transmission shaft rotates on the extraction device body, an end of the second transmission shaft close to the servo motor rotates and penetrates the extraction device body, and a second synchronous wheel is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of its end, a synchronous belt is sleeved on the outer surfaces of the first synchronous wheel and the second synchronous wheel, a support shaft is rotatably inserted inside the extraction device body, a crushing shaft is fixedly installed on the opposite end of the support shaft, a driven gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the support shaft close to the servo motor, an end of the first transmission shaft away from the servo motor rotates and penetrates the extraction device body, and a driving gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of its end, and the driving gear is meshingly connected with the driven gear.

[0008] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a crushing shaft is rotatably mounted inside the extraction device body, a plurality of crushing blades are fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the crushing shaft, and the second transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the crushing shaft.

[0009] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the comminution shaft is located directly below the middle of a group of crushing shafts, and a conical frame is fixedly installed inside the extraction device body.

[0010] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the metal collection mechanism includes a support member fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the extraction device body, a collection box is slidably provided on the support member, and a plurality of electromagnetic columns are fixedly mounted inside the collection box.

[0011] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a support groove is provided on the collection box, the support member is used in conjunction with the support groove, and the support member is a damping structure.

[0012] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the collection box is located directly below the conical frame, and a plurality of support rods are fixedly mounted on the extraction device body.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. The present invention can crush waste circuit boards by using the crushing shaft and crushing blades in the metal plate crushing mechanism in coordination with each other, crushing the waste metal plates into finer particles, thereby improving the subsequent metal separation efficiency.

[0015] 2. When the equipment enters the metal collection stage, multiple electromagnetic columns are energized. Under the action of the strong magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic columns, metal debris will be adsorbed around the electromagnetic columns, while non-metallic impurities will remain at the bottom of the collection box. When the adsorption is completed, the non-metallic impurities at the bottom of the collection box will be cleaned up first. After the cleaning is completed, the electromagnetic columns are turned off and the particles containing metal debris are collected, thereby solving the problem of incomplete separation of precious metals and other substances in the prior art.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an extraction method for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards, comprising:

[0017] Obtaining a discarded circuit board to be processed, collecting a circuit topology diagram and usage record information of the discarded circuit board, and performing extraction pre-processing on the discarded circuit board in combination with the circuit topology diagram and the usage record information to obtain a target circuit board;

[0018] Put the target circuit board into the extraction device body, start the servo motor, and use the servo motor to control the crushing shaft and the pulverizing shaft to pulverize the target circuit board to obtain pulverized particles;

[0019] The particle images corresponding to the crushed particles are collected in real time, and based on the particle images, the particle shape characteristics corresponding to the crushed particles are analyzed; based on the particle shape characteristics, the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles is calculated; based on the shape complexity, the suction modulation factor corresponding to the electromagnetic column is set; based on the suction modulation factor, the electromagnetic column is used to perform metal particle extraction processing on the crushed particles to obtain extraction results.

[0020] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, combining the circuit topology diagram and the usage record information to perform extraction pre-processing on the discarded circuit board to obtain a target circuit board includes:

[0021] Identify key nodes and connection lines in the circuit topology diagram, and evaluate the severity level factor of the working environment of the discarded circuit board based on the usage record information;

[0022] Analyzing the metal-enriched areas in the waste circuit board based on the key nodes and the connection lines;

[0023] Based on the severity level factor, analyzing the regional damage pattern corresponding to the metal-enriched region;

[0024] According to the damage pattern of the region, the metal-enriched region is marked and partitioned to obtain a marked enriched region;

[0025] A regional processing strategy corresponding to the marked enriched region is formulated, and based on the regional processing strategy, the waste circuit boards are subjected to extraction pre-processing to obtain target circuit boards.

[0026] In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, analyzing the particle shape features corresponding to the crushed particles based on the particle image includes:

[0027] Performing noise reduction processing on the particle image to obtain a noise-reduced particle image;

[0028] Performing contour refinement processing on the denoised particle image to obtain a contour refined particle image;

[0029] Binarizing the contour-thinned particle image to obtain a binary particle image;

[0030] Performing skeleton extraction on the binary particle image to obtain a particle skeleton image;

[0031] Identify skeleton nodes in the particle skeleton image, and count the number of nodes and node distribution positions corresponding to the skeleton nodes;

[0032] Analyzing the skeleton topological features corresponding to the particle skeleton image in combination with the node quantity and the node distribution positions;

[0033] Based on the skeleton topological features, the particle shape features corresponding to the crushed particles are analyzed.

[0034] In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, calculating the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles based on the particle shape characteristics includes:

[0035] Extracting particle perimeter features and particle area features from the particle shape features;

[0036] Detecting the number of particle holes corresponding to the crushed particles;

[0037] Combining the number of holes in the particles, the perimeter characteristics of the particles, and the area characteristics of the particles, the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles is calculated by the following formula:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, F represents the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles, H represents the particle perimeter characteristics, Q represents the particle area characteristics, and L represents the number of particle holes.

[0040] It can be seen that the present invention processes the waste circuit boards in combination with the circuit topology diagram and the usage record information, and can accurately locate the key areas and components on the circuit boards, provide strong support for the subsequent extraction of precious metals, improve the extraction efficiency and purity, and reduce unnecessary processing links, thereby reducing costs and resource consumption. The present invention uses the servo motor to control the crushing shaft and the crushing shaft to crush the target circuit board, and then the target circuit board can be crushed into smaller particles, thereby providing convenience for the subsequent metal particle extraction process. The present invention analyzes the particle shape characteristics corresponding to the crushed particles based on the particle image, and can obtain the shape representation corresponding to the crushed particles, such as contour shape, surface texture and other characteristics, thereby laying an important basis for the subsequent calculation of the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a metal collection mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 A flow chart of an extraction method for a device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards proposed in one embodiment of the invention;

[0046] In the figure: 1. Extraction device body; 11. Support rod; 2. Metal plate crushing mechanism; 21. Support plate; 22. Servo motor; 23. First transmission shaft; 24. First synchronous wheel; 25. Synchronous belt; 26. Second transmission shaft; 27. Second synchronous wheel; 28. Support shaft; 29. ​​Crushing shaft; 211. Driving gear; 212. Driven gear; 213. Crushing shaft; 214. Crushing blade; 215. Conical frame; 3. Metal collecting mechanism; 31. Support member; 32. Collection box; 33. Electromagnetic column; 34. Support groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] See also Figure 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards proposed in the present invention, comprises an extraction device body 1, on which a metal plate crushing mechanism 2 and a metal collecting mechanism 3 are provided, and on which a plurality of support rods 11 are fixedly mounted, and the support rods 11 are made of high-strength aluminum alloy, which not only has a good load-bearing capacity and can stably support the weight of the entire device, but also has excellent corrosion resistance, effectively resisting the erosion of chemical substances that may be generated during the treatment of waste circuit boards, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0049] See also Figure 2 , is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of an apparatus for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. The metal plate crushing mechanism 2 includes a support plate 21, on which a servo motor 22 is fixedly provided. The servo motor 22 is the power source of the crushing mechanism. A high-performance variable frequency motor is selected, and the output power and rotation speed can be flexibly adjusted according to actual work requirements to ensure that the crushing process is efficient and stable. A first transmission shaft 23 is rotatably inserted on the extraction device body 1. The end of the first transmission shaft 23 close to the servo motor 22 rotates through the extraction device body 1, and a first synchronous wheel 24 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of its end. A second transmission shaft 26 rotates on the extraction device body 1. The end of the second transmission shaft 26 close to the servo motor 22 rotates through the extraction device body 1, and a second synchronous wheel 27 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of its end. The first synchronous wheel 24 and The outer surface of the second synchronous wheel 27 is sleeved with a synchronous belt 25, and a support shaft 28 is rotatably inserted inside the extraction device body 1. A crushing shaft 29 is fixedly installed at the opposite end of the support shaft 28, and a driven gear 212 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the support shaft 28 close to the servo motor 22. The end of the first transmission shaft 23 away from the servo motor 22 rotates and penetrates the extraction device body 1, and a driving gear 211 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of its end, and the driving gear 211 is meshingly connected with the driven gear 212. A crushing shaft 213 is rotatably installed inside the extraction device body 1, and a plurality of crushing blades 214 are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the crushing shaft 213. The second transmission shaft 26 is fixedly connected to the crushing shaft 213, and the crushing shaft 213 is located directly below the middle of a group of crushing shafts 29. A conical frame 215 is fixedly installed inside the extraction device body 1.

[0050] See also Figure 3 , is a schematic diagram of a metal collecting mechanism proposed in an embodiment of the present invention, the metal collecting mechanism 3 includes a support member 31, the support member 31 is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the extraction device body 1, a collection box 32 is slidably provided on the support member 31, the collection box 32 is provided with an internal power supply, a plurality of electromagnetic columns 33 are fixedly mounted inside the collection box 32, the internal power supply is electrically connected to the plurality of electromagnetic columns 33, a support groove 34 is opened on the collection box 32, the support member 31 is used in conjunction with the support groove 34, and the support member 31 is a damping structure to prevent the collection box 32 from sliding when the overall device is running.

[0051] The working principle and use process of the device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards of the present invention are as follows: the metal plate crushing mechanism 2 is started, the servo motor 22 is powered on and runs, driving the first transmission shaft 23 connected thereto to start high-speed rotation, and the first synchronous wheel 24 will rotate synchronously with the rotation of the first transmission shaft 23. The first synchronous wheel 24 transmits the rotational power to the second synchronous wheel 27 through the sleeved synchronous belt 25, so that the second transmission shaft 26 also rotates at high speed, thereby driving the crushing shaft 213 to rotate, and the first transmission shaft 23 will drive the driving gear 211 to rotate, and then drive a group of driven gears 212 to rotate, and finally drive a group of crushing shafts 29 to rotate, put the circuit board to be processed into the interior of the extraction device body 1, and use a group of crushing shafts 29 to preliminarily tear and crush the metal plate, and the larger blocks of the circuit board are torn. The structure is initially decomposed, and then, during the falling process, the circuit board debris will be further crushed into fine particles by the crushing blades 214 on the crushing shaft 213, and the fine particles will be collected in the collection box 32 through the conical frame 215. When the equipment enters the metal collection stage, multiple electromagnetic columns 33 are energized. Under the action of the strong magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic columns 33, the metal debris will be adsorbed around the electromagnetic columns 33, while the non-metallic impurities will remain at the bottom of the collection box 32. When the adsorption is completed, the non-metallic impurities at the bottom of the collection box 32 will be cleaned up first. After the cleaning is completed, the closed electromagnetic columns 33 will be powered off to collect the particles containing metal debris. They can be further refined later by chemical purification and other methods to separate different types of precious metals one by one, and finally obtain high-purity precious metal products.

[0052] See also Figure 4 As shown, a method for extracting precious metals from waste circuit boards according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0053] S1. Obtain a discarded circuit board to be processed, collect a circuit topology diagram and usage record information of the discarded circuit board, and perform extraction pre-processing on the discarded circuit board in combination with the circuit topology diagram and the usage record information to obtain a target circuit board.

[0054] The present invention processes waste circuit boards in combination with the circuit topology diagram and the usage record information, and can accurately locate key areas and components on the circuit boards, provide strong support for subsequent precious metal extraction, improve extraction efficiency and purity, and reduce unnecessary processing links, thereby reducing costs and resource consumption.

[0055] Among them, the circuit topology diagram is graphical information that presents the connection relationship of electronic components on the circuit board, the direction of the lines and the distribution of functional modules; the usage record information covers the application scenarios of the circuit board, the duration of use, the working environment conditions (such as temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference), and whether it has experienced fault repairs.

[0056] As an embodiment of the present invention, the method of combining the circuit topology diagram and the usage record information to extract the discarded circuit board and obtain the target circuit board includes:

[0057] Identify key nodes and connection lines in the circuit topology diagram, and evaluate the severity level factor of the working environment of the discarded circuit board based on the usage record information;

[0058] Analyzing the metal-enriched areas in the waste circuit board based on the key nodes and the connection lines;

[0059] Based on the severity level factor, analyzing the regional damage pattern corresponding to the metal-enriched region;

[0060] According to the damage pattern of the region, the metal-enriched region is marked and partitioned to obtain a marked enriched region;

[0061] A regional processing strategy corresponding to the marked enriched region is formulated, and based on the regional processing strategy, the waste circuit boards are subjected to extraction pre-processing to obtain target circuit boards.

[0062] Among them, the connecting line is the direction of the wires in the circuit topology diagram used to connect various components and realize signal and energy transmission; the severity level factor is a quantitative indicator of the impact of the working environment on the circuit board and components evaluated based on the usage record information in the waste circuit board; the regional damage mode is the damage mode such as corrosion, oxidation, electrical damage, etc. caused by factors such as the working environment corresponding to the metal-enriched area; the marked enriched area is the division of the metal-enriched area with damaged feature identification according to the regional damage mode; the regional processing strategy is the disassembly, pretreatment and other operation plans corresponding to the marked enriched area according to its damaged characteristics and metal enrichment situation.

[0063] Optionally, the key nodes and connecting lines in the circuit topology diagram can be identified through professional circuit analysis algorithms and image recognition technology, and the severity level factor of the working environment of the discarded circuit board can be evaluated by constructing an environmental parameter assessment model based on the usage record information; based on the key nodes and the connecting lines, the metal-enriched areas in the discarded circuit board can be analyzed by studying the circuit functions and component material characteristics; based on the severity level factors, the regional damage mode corresponding to the metal-enriched area is analyzed with the help of material failure analysis principles; according to the regional damage mode, the metal-enriched area is partitioned and labeled according to pre-set partitioning rules to obtain a labeled enriched area; a regional processing strategy corresponding to the labeled enriched area is formulated according to the characteristics of the labeled enriched area, and based on the regional processing strategy, the discarded circuit board is extracted and pre-processed to obtain a target circuit board, such as using targeted disassembly, cleaning and reinforcement operations for different areas.

[0064] S2, placing the target circuit board into the extraction device body, starting the servo motor, and using the servo motor to control the crushing shaft and the pulverizing shaft to pulverize the target circuit board to obtain pulverized particles.

[0065] The present invention utilizes the servo motor to control the crushing shaft and the pulverizing shaft to pulverize the target circuit board, thereby crushing the target circuit board into smaller particles, thereby providing convenience for subsequent metal particle extraction processing. It should be explained that the pulverized particles are the particles obtained after the target circuit board is crushed.

[0066] S3. Collect the particle images corresponding to the crushed particles in real time, analyze the particle shape characteristics corresponding to the crushed particles based on the particle images, calculate the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles based on the particle shape characteristics, set the suction modulation factor corresponding to the electromagnetic column based on the shape complexity, and based on the suction modulation factor, use the electromagnetic column to extract metal particles from the crushed particles to obtain extraction results.

[0067] The present invention can obtain shape representations corresponding to the pulverized particles, such as contour shape, surface texture and other features, by analyzing the particle shape features corresponding to the pulverized particles based on the particle image, thereby laying an important basis for the subsequent calculation of the shape complexity corresponding to the pulverized particles. The particle image is image data corresponding to the pulverized particles that presents information such as their appearance contour and surface condition in a visual form, and the particle shape features are inherent characteristics of the pulverized particles in terms of contour morphology, surface texture, symmetry and other aspects. Furthermore, real-time acquisition of the particle image corresponding to the pulverized particles can be achieved by a high-speed camera in the extraction device body.

[0068] As an embodiment of the present invention, analyzing the particle shape characteristics corresponding to the crushed particles based on the particle image includes:

[0069] Performing noise reduction processing on the particle image to obtain a noise-reduced particle image;

[0070] Performing contour refinement processing on the denoised particle image to obtain a contour refined particle image;

[0071] Binarizing the contour-thinned particle image to obtain a binary particle image;

[0072] Performing skeleton extraction on the binary particle image to obtain a particle skeleton image;

[0073] Identify skeleton nodes in the particle skeleton image, and count the number of nodes and node distribution positions corresponding to the skeleton nodes;

[0074] Analyzing the skeleton topological features corresponding to the particle skeleton image in combination with the node quantity and the node distribution positions;

[0075] Based on the skeleton topological features, the particle shape features corresponding to the crushed particles are analyzed.

[0076] Among them, the denoised particle image is the image obtained after the particle image is processed to remove noise interference and improve image clarity; the contour-refined particle image is the image of the denoised particle image that eliminates redundant contour pixels to make its contour more accurate and clear; the binary particle image is the contour-refined particle image converted by a specific algorithm into an image that only contains black and white pixel values ​​and highlights the distinction between particle contours and background; the particle skeleton image is the image reflecting the core structure of the particle shape obtained by the binary particle image through a skeleton extraction algorithm; the skeleton nodes are the key connection points or endpoints in the particle skeleton image; the skeleton topological features are the features of the particle skeleton image that reflect the structural layout, branching relationships and other characteristics of its shape.

[0077] Furthermore, the particle image can be subjected to denoising by a Gaussian filtering algorithm to obtain a denoised particle image; the denoised particle image can be subjected to contour refinement by a morphologically based refinement algorithm to obtain a contour refined particle image; the contour refined particle image can be subjected to binarization by the Otsu method (OTSU) to obtain a binary particle image; the binary particle image can be subjected to skeleton extraction by morphological operations based on corrosion and expansion to obtain a particle skeleton image; the skeleton nodes in the particle skeleton image can be identified by a search algorithm based on pixel neighborhood relations, and the number of nodes corresponding to the skeleton nodes and the node distribution positions can be counted by means of loop traversal and coordinate recording; combined with the number of nodes, the particle skeleton image can be subjected to the OTSU method to obtain a binary particle image; ... The skeleton topological features corresponding to the particle skeleton image can be analyzed by graph theory analysis methods based on the skeleton topological features, and the particle shape features corresponding to the crushed particles can be analyzed in combination with geometric shape analysis and feature vector construction methods. For example, based on the number, length and angle relationship of branches in the skeleton topological features, it is determined whether the particles are in basic geometric shapes such as long strips and star shapes, and then the regularity of their shapes is quantified by measuring the aspect ratio of the circumscribed rectangle of the particles, the radius ratio of the inscribed circle to the circumscribed circle, etc. After these geometric features are digitized, they are integrated into the pre-designed feature vectors. At the same time, combined with the topological information such as the distribution density of the skeleton nodes, a comprehensive and representative feature vector is formed to accurately characterize the shape characteristics of the crushed particles.

[0078] The present invention calculates the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles based on the particle shape characteristics. The shape complexity can be used to understand the degree of contour irregularity corresponding to the crushed particles, thereby providing an important basis for the subsequent setting of the suction modulation factor corresponding to the electromagnetic column. It should be explained that the shape complexity represents the complexity corresponding to the crushed particles.

[0079] As an embodiment of the present invention, calculating the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles based on the particle shape characteristics includes:

[0080] Extracting particle perimeter features and particle area features from the particle shape features;

[0081] Detecting the number of particle holes corresponding to the crushed particles;

[0082] Combining the number of holes in the particles, the perimeter characteristics of the particles, and the area characteristics of the particles, the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles is calculated by the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, F represents the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles, H represents the particle perimeter characteristics, Q represents the particle area characteristics, and L represents the number of particle holes.

[0085] Among them, the particle perimeter feature and the particle area feature are respectively quantitative manifestations of the contour extension degree and the size of the plane space occupied by the crushed particles in the particle shape features, and the number of particle holes is an intuitive reflection of the complexity of the internal structure corresponding to the crushed particles. Furthermore, the detection of the number of particle holes corresponding to the crushed particles can be achieved by X-ray micro-tomography technology.

[0086] The present invention sets a suction modulation factor corresponding to the electromagnetic column based on the shape complexity, and based on the suction modulation factor, uses the electromagnetic column to extract metal particles from the crushed particles to obtain extraction results, thereby improving the metal separation efficiency corresponding to the crushed particles. It should be explained that the suction modulation factor is a parameter corresponding to the electromagnetic column for adjusting the suction generated by the electromagnetic column. Furthermore, based on the shape complexity, with reference to a pre-set shape complexity level classification table, the suction modulation factor corresponding to the electromagnetic column is searched and set according to the specific level range in which it is located. For example, when the shape complexity is at a lower level, a relatively small suction modulation factor is set to avoid excessive adsorption of particles, and when the shape complexity is high, the suction modulation factor is increased to ensure that metal particles can be effectively extracted. For example, in actual operation, if a batch of crushed particles is calculated to be at a lower level in shape complexity, such as particles close to a circle, the suction modulation factor is set to 0.3 at this time, which can adsorb metal particles without adsorbing too many impurities. On the contrary, if the shape complexity is high, such as particles with many branches, increasing the suction modulation factor to 0.8 can firmly absorb the metal particles and greatly improve the extraction effect. The shape complexity level classification table is a table constructed in advance through a large amount of historical particle sample data and corresponding extraction experimental results; based on the suction modulation factor, the electromagnetic column can be controlled by a programmable logic controller to perform metal particle extraction on the crushed particles to obtain the extraction results.

[0087] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards, comprising an extraction device body (1), characterized in that: The extraction device body (1) is provided with a metal plate crushing mechanism (2) and a metal collecting mechanism (3); The metal plate crushing mechanism (2) comprises a support plate (21), a servo motor (22) is fixedly provided on the support plate (21), a first transmission shaft (23) is rotatably inserted on the extraction device body (1), one end of the first transmission shaft (23) close to the servo motor (22) rotates through the extraction device body (1), and a first synchronous wheel (24) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the end thereof, and a second transmission shaft (26) is rotatably provided on the extraction device body (1), one end of the second transmission shaft (26) close to the servo motor (22) rotates through the extraction device body (1), and a second synchronous wheel (27) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the end thereof. ), the outer surfaces of the first synchronous wheel (24) and the second synchronous wheel (27) are sleeved with a synchronous belt (25), a support shaft (28) is rotatably inserted inside the extraction device body (1), a crushing shaft (29) is fixedly installed on the opposite end of the support shaft (28), a driven gear (212) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the support shaft (28) close to the servo motor (22), the end of the first transmission shaft (23) away from the servo motor (22) rotates through the extraction device body (1), and a driving gear (211) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of its end, and the driving gear (211) is meshingly connected with the driven gear (212).

2. The device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that: A crushing shaft (213) is rotatably mounted inside the extraction device body (1), a plurality of crushing blades (214) are fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the crushing shaft (213), and the second transmission shaft (26) is fixedly connected to the crushing shaft (213).

3. The device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The crushing shaft (213) is located directly below the middle of a group of crushing shafts (29), and a conical frame (215) is fixedly installed inside the extraction device body (1).

4. The device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal collecting mechanism (3) comprises a support member (31) which is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the extraction device body (1); a collecting box (32) is slidably mounted on the support member (31); and a plurality of electromagnetic columns (33) are fixedly mounted inside the collecting box (32).

5. The device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The collection box (32) is provided with a support groove (34), the support member (31) is used in conjunction with the support groove (34), and the support member (31) is a damping structure.

6. The device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The collection box (32) is located directly below the conical frame (215), and a plurality of support rods (11) are fixedly mounted on the extraction device body (1).

7. A method for extracting precious metals from waste circuit boards, wherein the method is performed by using the device for separating precious metals from waste circuit boards according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtaining a discarded circuit board to be processed, collecting a circuit topology diagram and usage record information of the discarded circuit board, and performing extraction pre-processing on the discarded circuit board in combination with the circuit topology diagram and the usage record information to obtain a target circuit board; Put the target circuit board into the extraction device body, start the servo motor, and use the servo motor to control the crushing shaft and the pulverizing shaft to pulverize the target circuit board to obtain pulverized particles; The particle images corresponding to the crushed particles are collected in real time, and based on the particle images, the particle shape characteristics corresponding to the crushed particles are analyzed; based on the particle shape characteristics, the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles is calculated; based on the shape complexity, the suction modulation factor corresponding to the electromagnetic column is set; based on the suction modulation factor, the electromagnetic column is used to perform metal particle extraction processing on the crushed particles to obtain extraction results.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The step of combining the circuit topology diagram and the usage record information to extract the discarded circuit board and obtain the target circuit board includes: Identify key nodes and connection lines in the circuit topology diagram, and evaluate the severity level factor of the working environment of the discarded circuit board based on the usage record information; Analyzing the metal-enriched areas in the waste circuit board based on the key nodes and the connection lines; Based on the severity level factor, analyzing the regional damage pattern corresponding to the metal-enriched region; According to the damage mode of the region, the metal-enriched region is marked and partitioned to obtain a marked enriched region; A regional processing strategy corresponding to the marked enriched region is formulated, and based on the regional processing strategy, the waste circuit boards are subjected to extraction pre-processing to obtain target circuit boards.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of analyzing the particle shape characteristics corresponding to the crushed particles based on the particle image includes: Performing noise reduction processing on the particle image to obtain a noise-reduced particle image; Performing contour refinement processing on the denoised particle image to obtain a contour refined particle image; Binarizing the contour-thinned particle image to obtain a binary particle image; Performing skeleton extraction on the binary particle image to obtain a particle skeleton image; Identify skeleton nodes in the particle skeleton image, and count the number of nodes and node distribution positions corresponding to the skeleton nodes; Analyzing the skeleton topological features corresponding to the particle skeleton image in combination with the node quantity and the node distribution positions; Based on the skeleton topological features, the particle shape features corresponding to the crushed particles are analyzed.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Based on the particle shape characteristics, calculating the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles includes: Extracting particle perimeter features and particle area features from the particle shape features; Detecting the number of particle holes corresponding to the crushed particles; Combining the number of holes in the particles, the perimeter characteristics of the particles, and the area characteristics of the particles, the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles is calculated by the following formula: Among them, F represents the shape complexity corresponding to the crushed particles, H represents the particle perimeter characteristics, Q represents the particle area characteristics, and L represents the number of particle holes.

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