Machine tool spindle thermal error real-time compensation equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool equipment, in particular to machine tool spindle thermal error real-time compensation equipment which comprises a spindle box, a spindle rotor, a broaching tool claw, a thermal compensation assembly, a bearing, a broaching tool assembly, a tool tightening assembly, an adjusting assembly and a pre-tightening assembly. The spindle rotor comprises a rotor shell and an adjusting outer ring connected with the rotor shell, the spindle rotor is rotationally connected with the spindle box, the broach assembly is arranged in an inner cavity of the spindle rotor, the adjusting assembly adjusts the thermal compensation value of the thermal compensation assembly to the spindle rotor, and the broach claw is in threaded connection with the spindle rotor. When the torque of the broach claw is reduced, the adjusting assembly can improve the torque of the broach claw through the broach assembly. The thermal compensation assembly is adjusted through the adjusting assembly, so that the thermal compensation effect can be adjusted, fastening of the broach claw is kept during adjustment, and the machining precision is kept.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool equipment, in particular to a real-time compensation device for thermal errors of a machine tool spindle. Background Art

[0002] As a key component of machine tools, the main function of the machine tool spindle is to provide rotational power for the tool to drive the tool to perform cutting, grinding, drilling and other processing operations, thereby achieving control of the shape, size and surface quality of the workpiece. The machine tool spindle needs to have high precision, high rigidity and high stability to meet the requirements of different processing technologies, such as precision milling, turning and grinding. However, during the processing, the machine tool spindle will be affected by factors such as friction and cutting heat, resulting in thermal errors, which in turn affect the processing accuracy.

[0003] Thermal error compensation technology is of great significance in improving the machining accuracy of machine tool spindles. At present, the commonly used thermal error compensation methods include software compensation and mechanical compensation. Software compensation establishes a thermal error model and uses the CNC system to adjust the machining parameters in real time. However, this method relies on accurate model establishment and a large amount of real-time calculations. It is costly and requires high precision of the CNC system. At present, factories with poor cost processing conditions still mainly use mechanical compensation to compensate for the thermal errors generated by the spindle. Mechanical compensation installs compensation devices on the machine tool spindle, such as compensation rings, and uses the thermal expansion characteristics of the material and the deformation of the mechanical structure to offset the thermal error. It is direct and effective, and has low cost.

[0004] During the use of the machine tool, the accuracy of the mechanical compensation method will gradually decrease after long-term use, and workers are required to recalibrate at this time. During the long-term and frequent start-stop of the machine tool, it is easy to cause parts to loosen and the compensation ring compensation accuracy to decrease. When the machine tool stops running for a period of time and then starts again, due to the rapid change of temperature and the uneven thermal expansion of mechanical parts, the compensation ring will gradually decrease its compensation accuracy after long-term use due to factors such as wear and fatigue. In addition, during the long-term and frequent start-stop of the machine tool, the broaching claw will also easily become loose, which seriously affects the processing accuracy during spindle processing. And because the compensation ring cannot be quickly adjusted like the software compensation method when the compensation accuracy decreases, these problems not only affect the processing accuracy, but also easily cause damage to the workpiece and increase the cost of manpower maintenance.

[0005] Therefore, a real-time compensation device for thermal error of machine tool spindle is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a real-time compensation device for thermal errors of a machine tool spindle, so as to solve the problem that when the machine tool spindle adopts a mechanical thermal compensation method, errors will be generated due to wear or material mechanical fatigue after long-term use, and the thermal compensation effect achieved by the initial design cannot be met, thereby affecting the processing accuracy. The thermal compensation component is adjusted by adjusting the component to increase the thickness of the compensation plate during thermal compensation of the spindle rotor, thereby making it possible to adjust the thermal compensation effect, and keep the broaching claws tight during adjustment to maintain the processing accuracy.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A real-time compensation device for thermal errors of a machine tool spindle comprises a spindle box, a spindle rotor, a broaching claw, a thermal compensation component, a bearing, a broaching claw, a clamping claw component, an adjusting component and a pre-tightening component; the spindle rotor comprises a rotor housing, an adjusting outer ring connected to the rotor housing, and a broaching rod arranged in the inner cavity of the rotor housing; the spindle rotor is rotatably connected to the spindle box, the broaching claw component is arranged in the inner cavity of the spindle rotor, the clamping claw component is arranged on the side of the thermal compensation component close to the adjusting outer ring, the pre-tightening component is connected to the spindle box, the adjusting component adjusts the thermal compensation value of the spindle rotor by the thermal compensation component, the broaching claw is threadedly connected to the spindle rotor, and when the torque of the broaching claw is reduced, the adjusting component can increase the torque of the broaching claw through the broaching claw component.

[0008] It can be seen that the commonly used thermal error compensation methods include software compensation and mechanical compensation. The software compensation method usually establishes a thermal error model and uses CNC systems and hydraulic equipment to adjust processing parameters in real time. It has high requirements for measurement, calculation and CNC equipment accuracy, and the cost is also high. Many factories cannot adopt it due to insufficient costs. A more direct compensation plate method is used to offset the thermal error during spindle processing. However, long-term use of the equipment will cause certain wear and tear, and mechanical fatigue of the material will cause compensation errors. Over time, the error will gradually increase and maintenance and adjustment will be very cumbersome.

[0009] In the above scheme, the thermal compensation component is adjusted through the adjustment component, so that it is adjusted when the thermal compensation of the equipment produces a large error to ensure the accuracy during processing, and the torque of the broaching claw is maintained by the adjustment component in conjunction with the broaching tool assembly to prevent the broaching tool claw from loosening, resulting in insufficient broaching force during processing and affecting the processing.

[0010] Preferably, the thermal compensation assembly includes six groups of compensation plates, a compensation ring threadedly connected to the outer ring of the compensation plate, a first set of teeth evenly distributed in a ring shape on the outside of the compensation ring, a sliding column fixedly connected to the compensation plate, and a first spring connected to the sliding column; the compensation plate is slidably connected to the main spindle box through the sliding column and the first spring, and the compensation ring is threadedly connected to the main spindle box and the compensation plate, respectively.

[0011] In the above scheme, the compensation plates are in the form of six rings and are symmetrically distributed. When the equipment is working, the compensation plates are subjected to the heat transferred from the bearings, resulting in thermal expansion in the opposite direction of the spindle rotor, thereby offsetting the thermal errors generated during the processing of the spindle rotor, so as to perform real-time compensation for thermal errors and ensure the accuracy during processing.

[0012] Preferably, the adjusting outer ring is in close contact with the compensation plate; an inclined surface is provided on the contact side between the compensation plate and the adjusting outer ring, and a sliding surface is provided on the contact side between the compensation plate and the compensation sleeve ring; the compensation sleeve ring is threadedly connected to the spindle box through thread teeth, and the thickness of the compensation sleeve ring gradually increases along the direction from the compensation plate to the adjusting outer ring.

[0013] In the above scheme, the inclined surface on the compensation plate contacts the adjusting outer ring, and the compensation ring can be displaced toward the bearing direction through the thread teeth when rotating, and while moving, the gradually thickening inner wall touches the sliding surface on the compensation plate, so that the compensation plate moves toward the center of the spindle rotor through the sliding column and the first spring. When the compensation plate moves toward the center of the spindle rotor, the adjusting outer ring and the rotor housing will move in the opposite direction of thermal expansion through the inclined surface, thereby compensating for the increase in thermal error of the spindle rotor caused by wear and other reasons during long-term use.

[0014] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a connecting outer ring connected to the outer wall of the spindle box, an adjustment rod connected to the connecting outer ring, a second spring whose two ends are respectively connected to the adjusting rod and the inner wall of the connecting outer ring, a second tooth evenly distributed in a ring shape on the outer wall of the adjusting rod, and a gear rotatably connected to the spindle box; the gear is respectively meshed with the first tooth and the second tooth.

[0015] In the above scheme, the adjusting rod is rotated to drive the gear meshing with it through the second tooth, and the first tooth and the compensation ring are driven to rotate through the gear, thereby changing the position between the compensation ring and the compensation plate, so that the compensation ring can be displaced in the direction of the bearing, thereby more conveniently adjusting the compensation distance of the compensation plate.

[0016] Preferably, the broach assembly includes a baffle plate hinged to the outer wall of the broach claw, and four groups of baffle grooves arranged on the inner wall of the spindle rotor; the baffle plate is connected to the broach claw through a torsion spring, and one end of the baffle groove is an arc surface and fan-shaped.

[0017] In the above scheme, when the broaching claw rotates and is threadedly connected to the spindle rotor to reach the working position, the blocking plate will be expanded to the outside of the broaching claw through the torsion spring and fall to the blocking groove. When the equipment is working, the broaching claw may become loose due to vibration and other reasons. At this time, the tightening tool rod will touch the blocking plate along one end of the arc surface of the blocking groove and provide a certain resistance to prevent the broaching claw from loosening and causing the broach to be loose, thereby further ensuring the processing accuracy when the equipment is working.

[0018] Preferably, the knife tightening assembly includes an annular gear plate, a plurality of groups of arc-shaped connecting plates evenly distributed in an annular shape and arranged on one side of the annular gear plate, a sliding groove arranged on the arc-shaped connecting plate, a connecting column fixedly connected to the annular gear plate, a third spring arranged on the sliding groove, a connecting arc plate connected to the side of the arc-shaped connecting plate close to the center of the circle, an arc-shaped vertical plate connected to the bottom of the connecting arc plate, a Z-shaped rod rotatably connected to the adjusting outer ring, and a knife tightening rod rotatably connected to the rotor housing; the two ends of the third spring are respectively connected to the connecting column and the arc-shaped connecting plate, and the height gradually decreases from one end to the other end; the Z-shaped rod is connected to the adjusting outer ring through a torsion spring; the knife tightening assembly also includes a limit block, which blocks the rotation angle of the Z-shaped rod.

[0019] In the above scheme, the arc-shaped vertical plate uses the arc-shaped surface of the streamline to enable the Z-shaped rod whose angle is limited by the limit block to keep rotating at a certain angle when being squeezed by the arc-shaped vertical plate, that is, the end of the Z-shaped rod in contact with the arc-shaped vertical plate rotates close to the center of the spindle rotor, and the rotation direction of the Z-shaped rod remains consistent regardless of the rotation direction of the arc-shaped vertical plate, so that the adjustment of the knife tightening assembly can be kept more convenient.

[0020] Preferably, the broach assembly further comprises a clamping knife groove arranged outside the blocking groove, a clamping knife rod is arranged at the clamping knife groove, and the blocking groove is connected with the clamping knife groove, so that the clamping knife rod can adjust the blocking plate through the connection position between the clamping knife groove and the blocking groove.

[0021] Preferably, the pre-tightening assembly includes a pre-tightening bolt, a fourth spring arranged on a side of the adjusting outer ring away from the compensation plate, and a pre-tightening ring arranged between the pre-tightening bolt and the fourth spring; the bottom of the pre-tightening bolt is conical.

[0022] In the above scheme, the preload bolt is rotated to push the preload ring through the conical surface at the bottom of the preload bolt, thereby squeezing the fourth spring through the preload ring. The fourth spring keeps the adjustment outer ring and the compensation plate in close contact through elastic potential energy, thereby ensuring the accuracy of thermal compensation of the compensation plate.

[0023] Preferably, two groups of displacement sensors are included, and the displacement sensors are respectively arranged at the connecting end of the spindle box and the tool head, and between the preload ring and the adjusting outer ring.

[0024] In the above scheme, two sets of displacement sensors respectively detect the displacement distance of the spindle rotor end during operation, remind the staff to adjust the equipment in time when the thermal error is large, and detect the thermal expansion displacement distance of the adjusting outer ring during operation, so as to make it easier for the staff to adjust according to the data.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. To solve the problem that when the thermal compensation of the spindle is performed by mechanical compensation, the thermal compensation accuracy decreases due to wear and material fatigue after long-term use. The thermal compensation component can be adjusted by rotating the adjustment component, so that the symmetrically arranged compensation plates are displaced toward the center of the circle, the thickness of the compensation plates is increased, the expansion size of the compensation plates is increased during thermal compensation, and a slight displacement is generated between the spindle rotor and the spindle box to compensate for the wear error, so that the thermal compensation of the spindle can be adjusted, so that the equipment can still maintain a high processing accuracy after long-term use and wear, and the service life of the equipment is extended.

[0026] 2. By adjusting the assembly in conjunction with the tool clamping assembly, the torque of the broaching jaws is calibrated when the thermal compensation accuracy of the equipment decreases due to wear and material fatigue; when the broaching jaws are loose, they will affect the broaching force, thereby causing errors during processing. When the equipment is worn out after long-term use, the broaching jaws will also become loose. The tool clamping assembly is driven by the adjusting assembly, and the tool clamping assembly and the broaching assembly cooperate to calibrate the broaching jaws while adjusting the thermal compensation distance. The broaching jaws can also be loosened due to vibration during processing, thereby further improving the accuracy of processing.

[0027] 3. The present invention sets an adjustment component. When the equipment is prone to mechanical wear and loose parts due to long-term use, it is very cumbersome for the staff to detect and adjust the equipment. The staff can calibrate the torque of the broaching claw while adjusting the thermal compensation component through the adjustment component. In the process of adjusting the thermal compensation component, the staff will perform multiple debugging based on the degree of change of the thermal compensation displacement of the spindle rotor combined with the displacement sensor data. The adjustment component is coordinated with the tool tightening component, so that although the thermal compensation component is debugged multiple times in different rotation directions through the adjustment component, it can still be calibrated through the tool tightening component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the real-time compensation device for thermal error of machine tool spindle; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the spindle rotor of the machine tool spindle thermal error real-time compensation device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the spindle rotor of the machine tool spindle thermal error real-time compensation device; Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the real-time compensation device for thermal errors of a machine tool spindle; Figure 5 Real-time compensation for thermal errors of machine tool spindles Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the tool tightening assembly of the machine tool spindle thermal error real-time compensation device; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tool tightening component of the real-time compensation device for the thermal error of the machine tool spindle; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the position relationship of the tool tightening components of the machine tool spindle thermal error real-time compensation device; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the broaching tool assembly of the real-time compensation device for the thermal error of the machine tool spindle; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment component and thermal compensation component of the real-time compensation device for the thermal error of the machine tool spindle; Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal compensation component structure of the machine tool spindle thermal error real-time compensation device.

[0029] In the figure: 100, spindle box; 200, spindle rotor; 201, rotor housing; 202, adjusting outer ring; 203, broaching rod; 300, broaching claw; 400, thermal compensation assembly; 401, compensation plate; 401-a, inclined surface; 401-b, sliding surface; 402, compensation sleeve; 402-a, threaded tooth; 403, first tooth; 404, sliding column; 405, first spring; 500, bearing; 600, broaching assembly; 601, blocking plate; 602, blocking groove; 603, tightening groove; 700, tightening assembly ;701, annular gear plate;702, arc-shaped connecting plate;703, sliding groove;704, connecting column;705, third spring;706, connecting arc plate;707, arc-shaped vertical plate;708, Z-shaped rod;709, tightening knife rod;710, limit block;800, adjustment assembly;801, connecting outer ring;802, adjustment rod;803, second spring;804, second tooth;805, gear;900, preload assembly;901, preload bolt;902, fourth spring;903, preload ring;1000, displacement sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may obtain other implementation methods without violating the connotation of the present invention and without paying creative labor. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0032] See also Figures 1 to 11 , the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle comprises a spindle box 100, a spindle rotor 200, a broach claw 300, a thermal compensation component 400, a bearing 500, a broach component 600, a clamping tool component 700, an adjustment component 800, a preload component 900 and a displacement sensor 1000; the spindle rotor 200 comprises a spindle rotor 200, a rotor housing 201, an adjustment outer ring 202 and a broach rod 203; the thermal compensation component 400 comprises a thermal compensation component 400, a compensation sheet 401, an inclined surface 401-a, a compensation sleeve 402, a threaded tooth 402-a, a first tooth 403, a sliding column 404 and a first tooth 405. A spring 405; the broach assembly 600 includes a blocking plate 601, a blocking groove 602 and a knife-tightening groove 603; the knife-tightening assembly 700 includes a ring gear plate 701, an arc-shaped connecting plate 702, a sliding groove 703, a connecting column 704, a third spring 705, a connecting arc plate 706, an arc-shaped vertical plate 707, a Z-shaped rod 708, a knife-tightening rod 709 and a limit block 710; the adjusting assembly 800 includes a connecting outer ring 801, an adjusting rod 802, a second spring 803, a second tooth 804 and a gear 805; the pre-tightening assembly 900 includes a pre-tightening bolt 901, a fourth spring 902 and a pre-tightening ring 903.

[0033] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 A real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle comprises a spindle box 100, a spindle rotor 200, a broach claw 300, a thermal compensation component 400, a bearing 500, a broach assembly 600, a clamping assembly 700, an adjustment assembly 800 and a preload assembly 900; the spindle rotor 200 comprises a rotor housing 201, an adjustment outer ring 202 connected to the rotor housing 201, and a broach rod 203 arranged in the inner cavity of the rotor housing 201; the spindle rotor 200 is rotatably connected to the spindle box 100, the broach assembly 600 is arranged in the inner cavity of the spindle rotor 200, the clamping assembly 700 is arranged on the side of the thermal compensation component 400 close to the adjustment outer ring 202, and the preload assembly 900 is arranged on the side of the thermal compensation component 400 close to the adjustment outer ring 202. Part 900 is connected to the spindle box 100, and the adjusting component 800 adjusts the thermal compensation value of the thermal compensation component 400 to the spindle rotor 200. The broaching jaw 300 is threadedly connected to the spindle rotor 200. When the torque of the broaching jaw 300 is reduced, the adjusting component 800 can increase the torque of the broaching jaw 300 through the broaching assembly 600. The thermal compensation component 400 is adjusted by the adjusting component 800, so as to adjust it when the thermal compensation error of the equipment is large, so as to ensure the accuracy during processing, and the torque of the broaching jaw 300 is maintained by cooperating with the broaching assembly 600 through the adjusting component 800 to prevent the broaching jaw 300 from loosening, resulting in insufficient broaching force during processing and affecting the processing.

[0034] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 The thermal compensation assembly 400 includes six groups of compensation plates 401, compensation rings 402 threadedly connected to the outer rings of the compensation plates 401, first teeth 403 evenly distributed on the outside of the compensation rings 402 in an annular shape, sliding posts 404 fixedly connected to the compensation plates 401, and first springs 405 connected to the sliding posts 404; the compensation plates 401 are slidably connected to the spindle box 100 through the sliding posts 404 and the first springs 405, and the compensation rings 402 are threadedly connected to the spindle box 100 and the compensation plates 401 respectively; the adjusting outer ring 202 is tightly attached to the compensation plates 401; the contact side of the compensation plates 401 and the adjusting outer ring 202 is provided with an inclined surface 401-a, and the contact side of the compensation plates 401 and the compensation rings 402 is provided with a sliding surface 401-b; the compensation rings 402 are threadedly connected to the spindle box 100 through the thread teeth 402-a, and the compensation rings 402 are threadedly connected along the compensation plates 401 to the spindle box 100. The thickness gradually increases in the direction of the adjusting outer ring 202; the compensation sheet 401 is in the form of six groups of rings and is symmetrically distributed, the inclined surface 401-a on the compensation sheet 401 contacts the adjusting outer ring 202, the inclined surface 401-a on the compensation sheet 401 contacts the adjusting outer ring 202, the compensation ring 402 can be displaced toward the bearing 500 through the thread teeth 402-a when rotating, and while moving, it touches the sliding surface 401-b on the compensation sheet 401 through the gradually thickening inner wall, so that the compensation sheet 401 moves toward the center of the spindle rotor 200 through the sliding column 404 and the first spring 405. When the compensation sheet 401 moves toward the center of the spindle rotor 200, the adjusting outer ring 202 and the rotor housing 201 will move in the opposite direction of the thermal expansion through the inclined surface 401-a, thereby compensating for the increase in thermal error of the spindle rotor 200 caused by wear and other reasons during long-term use.

[0035] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Fig.10The adjustment assembly 800 includes a connecting outer ring 801 connected to the outer wall of the spindle box 100, an adjusting rod 802 connected to the connecting outer ring 801, a second spring 803 whose two ends are respectively connected to the adjusting rod 802 and the inner wall of the connecting outer ring 801, second teeth 804 evenly distributed on the outer wall of the adjusting rod 802 in a ring shape, and a gear 805 rotatably connected to the spindle box 100; the gear 805 is respectively meshed with the first teeth 403 and the second teeth 804; the adjusting rod 802 is rotated to drive the gear 805 meshed with it through the second teeth 804, and the first teeth 403 and the compensation ring 402 are driven to rotate through the gear 805, thereby changing the position between the compensation ring 402 and the compensation plate 401, so that the compensation ring 402 can be displaced toward the bearing 500, thereby more conveniently adjusting the compensation distance of the compensation plate 401.

[0036] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 3 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The broach assembly 600 includes a baffle plate 601 hinged to the outer wall of the broach claw 300, and four groups of baffle grooves 602 arranged on the inner wall of the spindle rotor 200; the baffle plate 601 is connected to the broach claw 300 through a torsion spring, and one end of the baffle groove 602 is an arc surface and fan-shaped; the broach assembly 600 also includes a clamping groove 603 arranged on the outer side of the baffle groove 602, and a clamping rod 709 is arranged at the clamping groove 603. When the broach claw 300 rotates and is threadedly connected to the spindle rotor 200 to reach the working position, the baffle plate 601 will be clamped by the torsion spring The knife claw 300 is unfolded to the outside and falls to the blocking groove 602. When the equipment is working, the knife claw 300 may become loose due to vibration and other reasons. At this time, the knife tightening rod 709 will touch the blocking plate 601 along one end of the arc surface of the blocking groove 602 and provide a certain resistance. The blocking groove 602 is connected with the knife tightening groove 603, so that the knife tightening rod 709 can adjust the blocking plate 601 through the connection position between the knife tightening groove 603 and the blocking groove 602, thereby preventing the knife claw 300 from loosening and causing the broach to be loose, thereby further ensuring the processing accuracy when the equipment is working.

[0037] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8The knife tightening assembly 700 includes an annular gear plate 701, a plurality of groups of arc-shaped connecting plates 702 evenly distributed in an annular shape and arranged on one side of the annular gear plate 701, a sliding groove 703 arranged on the arc-shaped connecting plate 702, a connecting column 704 fixedly connected to the annular gear plate 701, a third spring 705 arranged on the sliding groove 703, a connecting arc plate 706 connected to the side of the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 close to the center of the circle, an arc-shaped vertical plate 707 connected to the bottom of the connecting arc plate 706, a Z-shaped rod 708 rotatably connected to the adjusting outer ring 202, and a knife tightening rod 709 rotatably connected to the rotor housing 201; the two ends of the third spring 705 are respectively connected to the connecting column 704 and one end of the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 to The height of the other end gradually decreases; the Z-shaped rod 708 is passed through the adjusting outer ring 202 and is connected to the adjusting outer ring 202 through a torsion spring; the knife tightening assembly 700 also includes a limit block 710, which blocks the rotation angle of the Z-shaped rod 708; the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 uses the arc surface of the streamline to make the Z-shaped rod 708, which realizes angle limitation through the limit block 710, keep rotating at a certain angle when being squeezed by the arc-shaped vertical plate 707, that is, the Z-shaped rod 708 rotates close to the center of the spindle rotor 200 at one end in contact with the arc-shaped vertical plate 707, and makes the rotation direction of the Z-shaped rod 708 consistent regardless of the rotation direction of the arc-shaped vertical plate 707, so that it is more convenient to adjust in the knife tightening assembly 700.

[0038] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The pre-tightening assembly 900 includes a pre-tightening bolt 901, a fourth spring 902 arranged on the side of the adjusting outer ring 202 away from the compensation plate 401, and a pre-tightening ring 903 arranged between the pre-tightening bolt 901 and the fourth spring 902; the bottom of the pre-tightening bolt 901 is conical; the pre-tightening bolt 901 is rotated to push the pre-tightening ring 903 through the conical surface at the bottom of the pre-tightening bolt 901, thereby squeezing the fourth spring 902 through the pre-tightening ring 903, and the fourth spring 902 keeps the adjusting outer ring 202 and the compensation plate 401 in close contact through elastic potential energy, thereby ensuring the accuracy of thermal compensation of the compensation plate 401.

[0039] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5, including two groups of displacement sensors 1000, which are respectively arranged at the tool head connection end of the spindle box 100, and between the preload ring 903 and the adjustment outer ring 202; the two groups of displacement sensors 1000 respectively detect the displacement distance of the end of the spindle rotor 200 during operation, and when the thermal error is large, the early warning system is connected through the existing technology to remind the staff to adjust the equipment in time, and the other group of displacement sensors 1000 detects the thermal expansion displacement distance of the adjustment outer ring 202 during operation, so as to make it easier for the staff to adjust according to the data.

[0040] Working principle: The thermal compensation component 400 is adjusted through the adjustment component 800, so that it can be adjusted when the thermal compensation of the equipment produces a large error to ensure the accuracy during processing, and the torque of the broaching claw 300 is maintained through the adjustment component 800 in cooperation with the tool tightening component 700 to prevent the broaching claw 300 from loosening and causing insufficient broaching force to affect processing.

[0041] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 First, the broaching claw 300 is threadedly connected to the broaching rod 203. When the broaching claw 300 is connected and tightened, the blocking plate 601 will gradually rotate to the same cross-sectional position as the blocking groove 602 during the process of the broaching claw 300 being threadedly connected. During the process of the broaching claw 300 being threadedly connected, the blocking plate 601 will initially touch the inner wall of the spindle rotor 200 under the action of the torsion spring, and will gradually expand along the space of the blocking groove 602 while the broaching claw 300 is displaced until the broaching claw 300 is broached. The claw 300 is tightly connected to the broaching rod 203, and the blocking plate 601 is completely unfolded in the blocking groove 602. When the equipment is working, the spindle rotor 200 will rotate, and the tool head will be replaced according to processing needs. At this time, the broaching claw 300 will become loose due to vibration and other reasons after long-term use. The blocking plate 601 will touch the arc surface of the blocking groove 602 when loose, and the resistance exerted by the blocking groove 602 on the blocking plate 601 will reduce the loosening of the broaching claw 300.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Fig.10 and Fig.11, the main shaft rotor 200 is thermally compensated by the thermal compensation component 400. When the equipment is working, the compensation plate 401 is subjected to the heat transferred from the bearing 500, and generates thermal expansion in the opposite direction of the main shaft rotor 200, thereby offsetting the thermal error generated during the processing of the main shaft rotor 200, so as to perform real-time thermal error compensation in real time and ensure the accuracy during processing; after the equipment is worn out due to long-term use, the adjusting rod 802 is rotated to drive the gear 805 meshing with it through the second tooth 804, and the first tooth 403 and the compensation ring 402 are driven to rotate through the gear 805. The main shaft box 100 is provided with a thread groove adapted to the compensation ring 402 and the thread tooth 402-a. The compensation ring 402 is initially threadedly connected to the main shaft box 100 and there is still a margin in the thread groove. The compensation ring 402 can rotate in the direction of the bearing 500 through the thread tooth 402-a. Displacement. Since the compensation ring 402 gradually thickens along the direction from the compensation plate 401 to the adjustment outer ring 202, the bottom of the compensation ring 402 touches the sliding surface 401-b on the compensation plate 401, so that the compensation plate 401 moves toward the center of the spindle rotor 200 through the sliding column 404 and the first spring 405. Under the action of the inclined surface 401-a, the thickness of the contact position between the compensation plate 401 and the adjustment outer ring 202 is increased, so that the expansion size of the compensation plate 401 increases during thermal compensation, and a slight displacement is generated between the spindle rotor 200 and the spindle box 100 to compensate for the wear error, so that the thermal compensation of the spindle rotor 200 can be adjusted. The subsequent processing can ensure consistent processing accuracy by preheating in advance, so that the equipment can still maintain a high processing accuracy after wear and tear after long-term use, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0043] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9, keep the second tooth 804 meshing with the initial position of the annular gear plate 701, and when rotating the adjusting rod 802, first push the adjusting rod 802 in the direction of the second spring 803, and squeeze the second spring 803 through the adjusting rod 802. The end face of the adjusting rod 802 close to the second spring 803 is set as an arc surface. At this time, the adjusting rod 802 squeezes the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 through the end face. Since the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 is slidably connected to the spindle box 100 and there is a radial displacement limit, when the end face of the adjusting rod 802 touches the top arc surface of the arc-shaped connecting plate 702, the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 will be The connecting plate 702 moves toward the center of the spindle rotor 200, and when the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 is squeezed by the adjusting rod 802, it will drive the connecting arc plate 706 and the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 to move at the center of the spindle rotor 200 at the same time. At this time, the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 will touch the Z-shaped rod 708 when rotating, and the ring gear plate 701 will be driven to rotate through the second tooth 804 while the adjusting rod 802 is rotated. The ring gear plate 701 drives the arc-shaped connecting plate 702, the connecting arc plate 706 and the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 to rotate at the same time through the connecting column 704. At this time, the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 The vertical plate 707 has an arc surface through streamlines, so that the Z-shaped rod 708, which is angle-limited by the limit block 710, keeps rotating at a certain angle when being squeezed by the arc vertical plate 707, that is, the end of the Z-shaped rod 708 in contact with the arc vertical plate 707 rotates close to the center of the spindle rotor 200, and at the same time, the other end of the Z-shaped rod 708 will touch the clamping rod 709, so that the clamping rod 709 rotates. When the equipment is used for a long time, although the blocking groove 602 increases the resistance of the broaching claw 300 to loosen by the blocking plate 601, the broaching claw 300 is still in a state of being used for a long time. The influence of equipment vibration will still cause a certain degree of looseness. Through the clamping groove 603 that penetrates the adjusting rotor housing 201 and is connected to the blocking groove 602, when the clamping rod 709 rotates, the end of the clamping rod 709 close to the center of the spindle rotor 200 will touch the loosened blocking plate 601 along the arc surface of the blocking groove 602 through the clamping groove 603. The blocking plate 601 will be rotated back into the blocking groove 602 by the contact of the clamping rod 709. At the same time, the blocking plate 601 will drive the pulling claw 300 to be tightened again, thereby preventing the pulling claw 300 from loosening.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 By setting up displacement sensors 1000, one group of displacement sensors 1000 monitors the displacement distance of the end of the spindle rotor 200 during operation in real time, and reminds the staff to adjust the equipment in time when the thermal error is large. The other group of displacement sensors 1000 measures the displacement distance of the adjustment outer ring 202 generated by thermal expansion during operation. The staff can combine the displacement distance of the end of the spindle rotor 200 during operation based on the displacement distance generated by the adjustment outer ring 202, so that it is more convenient for the staff to adjust according to the data through the adjustment component 800.

[0045] The above implementation modes are only used to illustrate some examples of the technical solutions of the present invention that can be implemented rather than to limit the implementation modes. The present invention can be understood in more detail with reference to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle, characterized in that: include, A spindle box (100), a spindle rotor (200), a broach claw (300), a thermal compensation assembly (400), a bearing (500), a broach assembly (600), a clamping assembly (700), an adjustment assembly (800) and a preload assembly (900); the spindle rotor (200) comprises a rotor housing (201), an adjustment outer ring (202) connected to the rotor housing (201), and a broach rod (203) arranged in an inner cavity of the rotor housing (201); the spindle rotor (200) is rotatably connected to the spindle box (100), and the broach assembly (600) is arranged in the rotor housing (201). The inner cavity of the spindle rotor (200), the clamping tool assembly (700) is arranged on a side of the thermal compensation assembly (400) close to the adjustment outer ring (202), the pre-tightening assembly (900) is connected to the spindle box (100), the adjustment assembly (800) adjusts the thermal compensation value of the thermal compensation assembly (400) to the spindle rotor (200), the broaching claw (300) is threadedly connected to the spindle rotor (200), and when the torque of the broaching claw (300) is reduced, the adjustment assembly (800) can increase the torque of the broaching claw (300) through the broaching tool assembly (600).

2. The real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal compensation assembly (400) comprises six groups of compensation plates (401), a compensation ring (402) threadedly connected to the outer ring of the compensation plate (401), first teeth (403) evenly distributed in an annular shape on the outside of the compensation ring (402), a sliding column (404) fixedly connected to the compensation plate (401), and a first spring (405) connected to the sliding column (404); the compensation plate (401) is slidably connected to the spindle box (100) via the sliding column (404) and the first spring (405).

3. The real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting outer ring (202) is in close contact with the compensating plate (401); an inclined surface (401-a) is provided on the contact side between the compensating plate (401) and the adjusting outer ring (202); a sliding surface (401-b) is provided on the contact side between the compensating plate (401) and the compensating sleeve (402); the compensating sleeve (402) is threadedly connected to the spindle box (100) via thread teeth (402-a); and the thickness of the compensating sleeve (402) gradually increases along the direction from the compensating plate (401) to the adjusting outer ring (202).

4. The real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (800) comprises a connecting outer ring (801) connected to the outer wall of the main spindle box (100), an adjustment rod (802) connected to the connecting outer ring (801), a second spring (803) having two ends respectively connected to the adjusting rod (802) and the inner wall of the connecting outer ring (801), second teeth (804) evenly distributed in a ring shape on the outer wall of the adjusting rod (802), and a gear (805) rotatably connected to the main spindle box (100); the gear (805) is respectively meshed with the first teeth (403) and the second teeth (804).

5. The real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The broach assembly (600) comprises a baffle plate (601) hinged to the outer wall of the broach claw (300), and four groups of baffle grooves (602) arranged on the inner wall of the spindle rotor (200); the baffle plate (601) is connected to the broach claw (300) via a torsion spring, and one end of the baffle groove (602) is an arc surface and fan-shaped.

6. The real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The knife tightening assembly (700) comprises an annular gear plate (701), a plurality of groups of arc-shaped connecting plates (702) arranged on one side of the annular gear plate (701) and evenly distributed in an annular shape, a sliding groove (703) arranged on the arc-shaped connecting plate (702), a connecting column (704) fixedly connected to the annular gear plate (701), a third spring (705) arranged on the sliding groove (703), a connecting arc plate (706) connected to a side of the arc-shaped connecting plate (702) close to the center of a circle, an arc-shaped vertical plate (707) connected to the bottom of the connecting arc plate (706), a Z-shaped rod (708) rotatably connected to the adjusting outer ring (202), and a knife tightening rod (709) rotatably connected to the rotor housing (201); two ends of the third spring (705) are respectively connected to the connecting column (704) and the arc-shaped connecting plate (702).

7. The real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The height of the arc-shaped vertical plate (707) gradually decreases from one end to the other end; the Z-shaped rod (708) is connected to the adjustment outer ring (202) via a torsion spring; and the knife tightening assembly (700) further comprises a limit block (710), wherein the limit block (710) blocks the rotation angle of the Z-shaped rod (708).

8. The real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The broach assembly (600) further comprises a knife-clamping groove (603) arranged outside the blocking groove (602); the knife-clamping rod (709) is arranged at the knife-clamping groove (603); and the blocking groove (602) is in communication with the knife-clamping groove (603).

9. The real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The pre-tightening assembly (900) comprises a pre-tightening bolt (901), a fourth spring (902) arranged on a side of the adjusting outer ring (202) away from the compensation plate (401), and a pre-tightening ring (903) arranged between the pre-tightening bolt (901) and the fourth spring (902); the bottom of the pre-tightening bolt (901) is conical.

10. The real-time compensation device for thermal error of a machine tool spindle according to claim 9, characterized in that: It comprises two groups of displacement sensors (1000), wherein the displacement sensors (1000) are respectively arranged at the tool head connection end of the spindle box (100) and between the preload ring (903) and the adjustment outer ring (202).

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