Radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plate and explosive welding method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plate and an explosive welding method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal material welding. This method uses aluminum or an aluminum alloy as a substrate, tantalum or a tantalum alloy as a composite plate, introduces a titanium / titanium alloy intermediate transition layer, and uses an aluminum protective plate to prevent the direct impact of explosive detonation on the composite plate. Powdered emulsion explosives are combined with inert diluents to control energy parameters. Based on the explosive welding window theory, the gap between the plates is accurately set to achieve one-time metallurgical bonding of multiple layers of heterogeneous materials. The resulting composite plate has a density 40% lower than that of traditional lead protective layers, and has both radiation resistance, lightweight, and high-strength corrosion resistance. It is suitable for the manufacture of deep space equipment such as spacecraft radiation protection layers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal welding technology, specifically to a radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet and its explosive welding method. It is particularly suitable for high-strength metallurgical bonding of tantalum alloys and aluminum alloys, and can be applied to the manufacture of deep-space equipment such as spacecraft radiation shielding. Background Art

[0002] Because the strong radiation environment in space can easily cause corrosion in the metal materials of deep space equipment, conventional metal materials are increasingly unable to meet the requirements of future deep space exploration service environments. Key equipment such as spacecraft radiation shields urgently need to develop materials that are both radiation-resistant, high-strength, and lightweight. Radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheets, as an important advanced metal material, possess excellent material properties such as radiation resistance, high corrosion resistance, high specific strength, and lightweight. They are metal composite sheets that urgently need to be developed and researched to meet the needs of the strong radiation service environment in space. Compared to the traditional radiation-resistant metal material lead, tantalum and tantalum alloys have excellent properties such as high melting point, corrosion resistance, and good high and low temperature mechanical properties, making them suitable for equipment components exposed to radiation environments for a long time.

[0003] Aluminum alloys, with their superior properties such as lightweight, high specific strength, and high corrosion resistance, are widely used in the manufacture of main structures for aviation equipment. However, due to significant differences in material properties such as tantalum's melting point and density compared to aluminum alloys, traditional cladding technologies face bottlenecks such as insufficient interfacial bonding strength and high welding defect rates, making high-quality cladding of tantalum and aluminum alloys difficult.

[0004] As a special solid-state welding process, explosive welding uses the huge energy generated instantly by the explosion of explosives to drive the metal to be welded into high-speed oblique collisions. This can achieve high-strength metallurgical bonding of heterogeneous metals with large differences in material properties. It has irreplaceable advantages in high-end equipment manufacturing fields such as aerospace, shipbuilding, petrochemicals, and the nuclear industry. The key to explosive welding technology lies in the control and utilization of explosive energy to produce strong plastic deformation and thermal-mechanical-phase change coupling effects at the interface of the metal to be welded, thereby forming a high-strength metallurgical bonding layer. Because explosive welding technology provides energy through the detonation of explosives, it is less restricted by equipment than other technologies. It has a unique advantage in one-time forming for the composite of large-scale and multi-layer heterogeneous metal materials.

[0005] However, the existing explosive welding technology still has the following technical bottlenecks in the preparation of tantalum / aluminum alloy composite plates:

[0006] Inaccurate control of explosive energy: The existing explosive formula and charging method make it difficult to accurately control the detonation speed and intensity, resulting in uneven energy release during welding and unstable interface bonding strength.

[0007] Composite plates are easily damaged: Tantalum and tantalum alloy composite plates are easily affected by the direct impact of explosive detonation during explosive welding, which can cause surface damage or local deformation of the material, affecting the overall performance of the composite plate.

[0008] Multi-layer composite is difficult: Existing processes make it difficult to achieve high-quality composite of multiple layers of heterogeneous metal materials in one molding, especially in complex structural designs. Optimizing the gap parameters between plates and regulating energy distribution pose great challenges.

[0009] In summary, traditional lead-based materials are difficult to meet the needs of deep space exploration due to their high density and poor corrosion resistance. Although tantalum alloys have advantages such as high melting point and radiation resistance, the difference in physical properties between them and aluminum alloys leads to problems such as insufficient interface bonding strength and high welding defect rates in traditional welding technologies. Existing explosive welding technology cannot meet the urgent needs of deep space equipment for lightweight, high-strength and corrosion-resistant materials due to imprecise control of explosive energy, easy damage to composite plates, and difficulties in multi-layer composites. Therefore, the development of an explosive welding method that can efficiently solve the problem of tantalum / aluminum alloy composites and improve the comprehensive performance of composite plates has become a key technical requirement in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention aims to solve the technical bottlenecks of insufficient interface bonding strength, high welding defect rate and limited radiation resistance of tantalum-aluminum alloy composite plates.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0012] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for explosive welding of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plates, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Based on the density of the composite board and thickness Setting the inter-plate gap parameters in stages :

[0014] <5g / cm 3 hour, ;

[0015] 5≤ ≤10g / cm 3 hour, ;

[0016] >10g / cm 3 hour, ;

[0017] S2. Using aluminum or aluminum alloy as the substrate and tantalum or tantalum alloy as the composite plate, a metal or alloy intermediate transition layer with good solid solubility is provided between the substrate and the composite plate;

[0018] S3. The composite plate is fixed to the bottom of the aluminum protective plate by epoxy resin adhesive, and the gap between the substrate, the intermediate transition layer and the composite plate is controlled by the inter-plate gap bracket. ;

[0019] S4. Powdered emulsion explosives are placed above the protective plate, wherein the density of the explosives is 0.7 to 0.9 g / cm 3 The detonation velocity is 1800-2300 m / s; after detonation, the metallurgical bonding of the composite plate and the base plate is achieved.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, the intermediate transition layer is a titanium or titanium alloy plate with a thickness of 1-2 mm.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the powdered emulsion explosive is mixed with an inert diluent, and the mass of the diluent accounts for 10% to 30% of the total mass of the explosive.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the aluminum protection plate is made of 1060Al or 6063Al, and its thickness is 1.5 to 2 times the thickness of the composite plate.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, the inter-plate gap support is an aluminum cylindrical support column, and its height and gap parameters are match.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the detonator is arranged at the midpoint of the end of the explosive box, and the size of the box is larger than the size of the protection plate, and the detonator ignition area is located outside the multi-layer plate to be welded.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the tantalum alloy is Ta2.5W or Ta-Nb alloy, the aluminum alloy is 2 series or 7 series aviation aluminum alloy, the composite plate thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the substrate thickness is 3-10 mm.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the charge height of the explosive is Satisfies the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] in, For the calculation coefficient, take 1.5; is the density of explosives.

[0029] Second aspect: The present invention provides a radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plate, which is produced by the above-mentioned explosion welding method of the radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plate.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] This invention uses an innovative explosive welding method and selects lightweight, high-strength titanium, a metal with good solid solubility, as the intermediate transition layer of the composite plate. This effectively solves the difficulties of welding and poor bonding quality caused by the significant differences in material properties between tantalum and aluminum. It successfully achieves high-quality tantalum / aluminum layered metal composites, effectively addressing the issue of insufficient interfacial bonding strength in traditional processes and providing a reliable material for protecting equipment in high-radiation environments such as deep space exploration. Furthermore, while maintaining high specific strength, the composite plate achieves significant lightweighting, with a density 40% lower than traditional lead protective layers, helping to reduce spacecraft weight and improve fuel efficiency.

[0032] In addition, by precisely controlling the explosive density, detonation velocity, and inter-plate gap parameters, the present invention ensures the stability of the explosive welding process, reduces the welding defect rate, and achieves high-quality one-time molding of multi-layer heterogeneous materials.

[0033] With these advantages, the present invention not only meets the needs of high-end equipment manufacturing for radiation resistance, high corrosion resistance, high specific strength and lightweight materials, but also provides new technical solutions for deep space exploration, nuclear industry protection and other fields, showing broad market application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of parallel explosive welding of composite plates;

[0036] Figure 2 Physical diagram of the assembly of the protective structure for explosive welding of tantalum and tantalum alloy thin plates;

[0037] Figure 3 This is the microstructure diagram of the explosive welding interface;

[0038] In the figure: 1. Detonator; 2. Explosives; 3. Protective plate; 4. Double plate; 5. Support column; 6. Intermediate transition layer; 7. Base plate; 8. Sand foundation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] 1. Material Preparation

[0042] Substrate 7: 2024Al aluminum alloy plate, size 500mm×250mm×3mm;

[0043] Complex plate 4: Ta2.5W tantalum-tungsten alloy thin plate, size 400mm×200mm×0.5mm;

[0044] Intermediate transition layer 6: TA2 titanium plate, size 500mm×250mm×1mm;

[0045] Protective plate 3: 1060Al aluminum plate, size 500mm×250mm×1mm.

[0046] 2. Surface treatment

[0047] The surfaces of the substrate 7, the composite plate 4 and the titanium plate were polished by sandpaper (roughness Ra≤1.6 μm) and cleaned with acetone to remove stains.

[0048] 3. Fixing and gap setting of doubler plate 4

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, a Ta2.5W tantalum-tungsten alloy sheet is glued to the bottom of a 1060Al aluminum plate through a centered epoxy resin adhesive, and the epoxy resin adhesive coating thickness is 0.1 mm.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the panels are alternately stacked on a flat sandy foundation 8, wherein the density of the composite panels is and thickness Setting the inter-plate gap parameters in stages Aluminum cylindrical support pillars 5 with lengths of 2 mm and 3 mm are used to alternately set the gaps between the 2024Al aluminum alloy plate, the TA2 titanium plate, and the Ta2.5W tantalum tungsten alloy plate.

[0051] 4. Explosive 2 placement and detonation

[0052] Powdered emulsion explosive 2 (density 0.8 g / cm³, detonation velocity 2100 m / s) is loosely packed into a prefabricated explosive box 2 (700 mm × 350 mm × 50 mm) with a filling height of 10 mm.

[0053] The detonator 1 is placed at the midpoint of the end of the cartridge. After detonation, the explosive 2 drives the 1060Al aluminum plate and the Ta2.5W tantalum-tungsten alloy plate to collide with the 2024Al aluminum alloy plate at high speed, thereby achieving effective one-time forming of multiple layers of lightweight metal plates.

[0054] 5. Post-processing and testing

[0055] Remove the protective plate 3 and perform wire cutting on the composite plate;

[0056] Combine Figure 3 A metallographic microscope (Manufacturer: Shanghai Cewei Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Model: LW600LJT) reveals that the interface bonding layer exhibits a wavy or jagged morphology, a result of the vigorous flow and mixing of materials caused by high-speed collisions during explosive welding. The layer exhibits no defects such as curling or cracks. This fully demonstrates the advantages and effectiveness of this embodiment's welding method in improving welding stability.

[0057] Example 2:

[0058] 1. Material replacement

[0059] Substrate 7: 7075Al aluminum alloy plate, thickness 3.0 mm;

[0060] Composite plate 4: Ta-Nb alloy plate, thickness 0.5 mm;

[0061] Intermediate transition layer 6: TC4 titanium alloy plate, thickness 1.0 mm;

[0062] Protective plate 3: 6063Al aluminum plate, thickness 1.0mm.

[0063] 2. Process adjustment

[0064] The inter-plate gap between the 7075Al aluminum alloy plate and the TC4 titanium alloy plate was set to 2 mm;

[0065] The interplate gap between the TC4 titanium alloy plate and the Ta-Nb alloy plate was set to 3 mm;

[0066] Explosive 2 is mixed with 25% quartz sand inert diluent, with a density of 0.75g / cm³, a detonation velocity of 1950m / s, and a charge height of 15mm.

[0067] The rest of the process is consistent with that of Example 1.

[0068] Test results: There is no obvious damage or fracture on the composite plate, no obvious cracks, pores or other defects at the bonding interface, and the welding quality is good.

[0069] Example 3:

[0070] 1. Parameter Optimization

[0071] Substrate 7: 2024Al aluminum alloy plate, thickness 5.0 mm;

[0072] Complex plate 4: Ta2.5W tantalum plate, thickness 1.0mm;

[0073] Intermediate transition layer 6: TA2 titanium plate, thickness 2.0 mm;

[0074] Protective plate 3: 1060Al aluminum plate, thickness 2.0mm.

[0075] Explosive 2 is mixed with 15% quartz sand inert diluent, with a density of 0.90g / cm³, a detonation velocity of 2300m / s, and a charge height of 10mm.

[0076] The rest of the process is consistent with that of Example 1.

[0077] Test results: There is no obvious damage or fracture on the composite plate, no obvious cracks, pores or other defects at the bonding interface, and the welding quality is good.

[0078] In summary, the present invention achieves both radiation resistance and lightweight requirements through the innovative layered structure formed by combining tantalum alloy, titanium alloy, and aluminum alloy. High-quality interface bonding is ensured by precisely matching the gap with the parameters of the explosive 2. Furthermore, the aluminum protective plate 3 is fixed with epoxy resin adhesive to avoid damage to the thin plate and improve the yield rate. The resulting composite plate exhibits no obvious damage or fracture, and no obvious cracks, pores, or other defects at the interface. The weld quality is excellent, and the radiation resistance is significantly superior to that of a single material. This technology has broad application prospects and significant economic and social value in areas such as spacecraft radiation protection layers, nuclear reactor shielding structures, and high-energy particle detectors.

[0079] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for explosive welding of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plates, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Based on the density of the composite board and thickness Setting the inter-plate gap parameters in stages : <5g / cm 3 hour, ; 5≤ ≤10g / cm 3 hour, ; >10g / cm 3 hour, ; S2. Aluminum or aluminum alloy as the substrate, tantalum or tantalum alloy as the composite plate, and a titanium or titanium alloy intermediate transition layer provided between the substrate and the composite plate; S3. The composite plate is fixed to the bottom of the aluminum protective plate by epoxy resin adhesive. The thickness of the aluminum protective plate is 1.5 to 2 times the thickness of the composite plate, and the gap between the substrate, the intermediate transition layer and the composite plate is controlled by the inter-plate gap bracket. ; S4. Powdered emulsion explosives mixed with 10% to 30% inert diluent are placed above the protective plate, and the density of the explosives is 0.7 to 0.9 g / cm 3 , detonation velocity is 1800~2300m / s, charge height satisfy ,in is the density of explosives; after detonation, metallurgical bonding between the composite plate and the base plate is achieved.

2. The explosive welding method of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate transition layer is a titanium or titanium alloy plate with a thickness of 1-2 mm.

3. The explosive welding method of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powdered emulsion explosive is mixed with an inert diluent, and the mass of the diluent accounts for 10% to 30% of the total mass of the explosive.

4. The explosive welding method of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the aluminum protection plate is 1060Al or 6063Al, and its thickness is 1.5 to 2 times the thickness of the composite plate.

5. The explosive welding method of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inter-plate gap bracket is an aluminum cylindrical support column, and its height and gap parameters are match.

6. The explosive welding method of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonator is arranged at the midpoint of the end of the explosive box, and the size of the box is larger than the size of the protection plate. The detonator ignition area is located outside the multi-layer plate to be welded.

7. The explosive welding method of radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tantalum alloy is Ta2.5W or Ta-Nb alloy, the aluminum alloy is 2 series or 7 series aviation aluminum alloy, the thickness of the composite plate is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the base plate is 3-10 mm.

8. Radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite sheet, characterized by: The radiation-resistant aluminum-based composite plate is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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