Compressed air energy storage system

Abstract

The invention provides a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, which comprises a compressor system unit for compressing air to obtain compressed air with compression temperature; the heat supplementing system unit is used for supplementing heat for the compressed air with the compression temperature, so that the compressed air with the heat supplementing temperature is obtained; the rock heat storage system unit is used for receiving the compressed air which is provided by the heat compensation system unit and has the heat compensation temperature, exchanging heat with the compressed air with the heat compensation temperature to obtain compressed air with the air storage target temperature lower than the heat compensation temperature, and storing heat obtained by exchanging heat with the compressed air with the heat compensation temperature; and the gas storage unit is used for receiving and storing the compressed air which is provided by the rock heat storage system unit and has the gas storage target temperature. According to exemplary embodiments, heat can be allowed to be stored at higher temperatures, expansion machines with higher inlet temperatures can be applied to provide flexibility and possibilities, and relatively stable grid power consumption can be maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. Background Art

[0002] Compressed air energy storage (CAES) system is a technology that uses compressed air to store energy. The compressed air energy storage (CAES) system converts energy such as electrical energy into the internal energy of compressed air and stores it, so that it can release the internal energy of compressed air to do work, such as driving a generator to generate electricity, thereby achieving energy storage and release.

[0003] The heat exchange and heat storage system is one of the key components of the compressed air energy storage CAES system. The heat storage temperature and heat storage efficiency affect the design of the compressor and expander, and also affect the efficiency of the entire compressed air energy storage CAES system. For large-scale compressed air energy storage CAES projects, the cost of the heat exchange and heat storage system is the main contributor to the cost of the entire compressed air energy storage CAES component. To achieve the commercialization of compressed air energy storage CAES, compressed air energy storage CAES is required to have high system efficiency and good economy. The same requirements also apply to heat exchange and storage systems.

[0004] At present, large-scale adiabatic compressed air energy storage CAES systems apply, for example, heat storage using water as a medium. Such a heat storage and exchange system includes major components such as heat exchangers between air and water, pumps, cold water tanks, and hot water tanks. During the air compression (air storage) process, the heat generated by the compressor is transferred from the hot air to the water circulation system through the air-water heat exchanger. The water flow out of the cold water tank is heated and stored in the hot water tank. During the expansion (power generation) process, heat is exchanged from the hot water flow to the air flow, driving the expander to generate electricity. Typically, the maximum heat storage temperature of the water exchange and storage system is around 200°C.

[0005] In a compressed air energy storage CAES system that uses thermal oil as a medium for heat storage, the working cycle of the thermal oil storage system is similar to that of a hot water storage system during air compression and power generation. However, the medium used is thermal oil instead of water. For this solution, the heat storage temperature may be higher than 200°C (for example: 300°C to 400°C). In many use cases, the thermal oil storage system is integrated with the water heat exchange system.

[0006] In addition to the two main solutions mentioned above, there is another newly developed compressed air energy storage CAES system that uses a molten salt thermal storage system as a solution. This solution can achieve a higher heat storage temperature, such as 350℃~550℃). It is usually integrated with a thermal oil or water heat exchange system.

[0007] In order to achieve better flexibility and stability, compressed air energy storage CAES systems sometimes require additional heat. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the above and / or other technical problems, the present invention proposes a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, which may include: a compressor system unit, which compresses air to obtain compressed air with a compression temperature; a heat supplement system unit, which receives the compressed air with the compression temperature provided by the compressor system unit, and supplements the heat of the compressed air with the compression temperature so that the temperature of the compressed air is increased from the compression temperature to the supplementary heating temperature, thereby obtaining the compressed air with the supplementary heating temperature; a rock heat storage system unit, which receives the compressed air with the supplementary heating temperature provided by the supplementary heating system unit, exchanges heat with the compressed air with the supplementary heating temperature to obtain compressed air with a gas storage target temperature lower than the supplementary heating temperature, and stores the heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air with the supplementary heating temperature; and a gas storage unit, which receives and stores the compressed air with the gas storage target temperature provided by the rock heat storage system unit.

[0009] The rock heat storage system unit may include multiple heat storage areas, which may include: a high-temperature heat storage area, which receives compressed air with a supplementary heat temperature provided from the supplementary heat system unit, exchanges heat with the compressed air with the supplementary heat temperature to obtain compressed air with a high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature lower than the supplementary heat temperature, and stores heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air with the supplementary heat temperature, wherein, when the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature is the gas storage target temperature, the rock heat storage system unit provides the compressed air with the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature to the gas storage unit, and the gas storage unit receives and stores the compressed air with the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature.

[0010] The multiple heat storage areas may also include: a medium-temperature heat storage area, when the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature is higher than the gas storage target temperature, the medium-temperature heat storage area receives compressed air with the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature, exchanges heat with the compressed air with the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature to obtain compressed air with a medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature lower than the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature, and stores heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air with the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature, wherein, when the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature is the gas storage target temperature, the rock heat storage system unit provides the compressed air with the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature to the gas storage unit, and the gas storage unit receives and stores the compressed air with the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature.

[0011] The multiple heat storage areas may also include: a low-temperature heat storage area, wherein when the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature is higher than the gas storage target temperature, the low-temperature heat storage area receives compressed air with the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature, exchanges heat with the compressed air with the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature to obtain compressed air with a low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature lower than the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature, and stores heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air with the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature, wherein when the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature is the gas storage target temperature, the rock heat storage system unit provides the compressed air with the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature to the gas storage unit, and the gas storage unit receives and stores the compressed air with the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature.

[0012] One of the multiple heat storage areas may include: a rock heat storage medium; and a compressed air channel extending through the rock heat storage medium, wherein the compressed air channel allows compressed air to exchange heat with the rock heat storage medium when flowing through the compressed air channel, so as to store heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air in the rock heat storage medium.

[0013] The compressed air energy storage system may include: a working system unit, which receives compressed air provided from a gas storage unit and performs work, wherein, when the working system unit receives compressed air provided from the gas storage unit and performs work, a rock heat storage system unit receives compressed air with a gas storage temperature provided from the gas storage unit and stored in the gas storage unit, uses heat stored in the rock heat storage system unit to exchange heat with the compressed air with the gas storage temperature to obtain compressed air with a working target temperature higher than the gas storage temperature, and provides the compressed air with the working target temperature to the working system unit.

[0014] The rock heat storage system unit may include multiple heat storage areas, which may include: a low-temperature heat storage area, which receives compressed air with a gas storage temperature provided from a gas storage unit and stored in the gas storage unit, and uses the heat stored in the low-temperature heat storage area to exchange heat with the compressed air with the gas storage temperature to obtain compressed air with a low-temperature gas storage working temperature higher than the gas storage temperature, wherein, when the low-temperature gas storage working temperature is the working target temperature, the rock heat storage system unit provides the compressed air with the low-temperature gas storage working temperature to the working system unit, and the working system unit receives the compressed air with the low-temperature gas storage working temperature and performs work.

[0015] The multiple heat storage areas may also include: a medium-temperature heat storage area. When the low-temperature gas storage working temperature is lower than the working target temperature, the medium-temperature heat storage area receives compressed air with the low-temperature gas storage working temperature, and uses the heat stored in the medium-temperature heat storage area to exchange heat with the compressed air with the low-temperature gas storage working temperature to obtain compressed air with a medium-temperature gas storage working temperature higher than the low-temperature gas storage working temperature. When the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature is the working target temperature, the rock heat storage system unit provides the compressed air with the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature to the working system unit, and the working system unit receives the compressed air with the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature and performs work.

[0016] The multiple heat storage areas may also include: a high-temperature heat storage area, wherein when the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature is lower than the working target temperature, the high-temperature heat storage area receives compressed air having the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature, and uses the heat stored in the high-temperature heat storage area to exchange heat with the compressed air having the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature to obtain compressed air having a high-temperature gas storage working temperature higher than the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature, wherein when the high-temperature gas storage working temperature is the working target temperature, the rock heat storage system unit provides the compressed air having the high-temperature gas storage working temperature to the working system unit, and the working system unit receives the compressed air having the high-temperature gas storage working temperature and performs work.

[0017] One of the multiple heat storage areas includes: a rock heat storage medium; and a compressed air channel extending through the rock heat storage medium, wherein the compressed air channel allows compressed air to exchange heat with the rock heat storage medium when flowing through the compressed air channel, so as to increase the temperature of the compressed air by the heat stored in the rock heat storage medium.

[0018] In addition, the compressor system unit can be connected to the power grid, receive compression power from the power grid, compress air using the compression power, and obtain compressed air with a compression temperature, and the supplementary heating system unit can be connected to the power grid, receive supplementary heating power from the power grid, use the supplementary heating power to supplement the compressed air with a compression temperature provided from the compressor system unit, and obtain compressed air with a supplementary heating temperature. When the compressor system unit receives a reduced compression power from the power grid, compresses air using the reduced compression power, and obtains compressed air with a reduced compression temperature, the supplementary heating system unit receives an increased supplementary heating power from the power grid, uses the increased supplementary heating power to supplement the compressed air with a reduced compression temperature provided from the compressor system unit, and obtains compressed air with a supplementary heating temperature. On the other hand, when the compressor system unit receives an increased compression power from the power grid, compresses air using the increased compression power, and obtains compressed air with an increased compression temperature, the supplementary heating system unit receives a reduced supplementary heating power from the power grid, uses the reduced supplementary heating power to supplement the compressed air with a increased compression temperature provided from the compressor system unit, and obtains compressed air with a supplementary heating temperature.

[0019] In addition, the supplementary heating system unit can receive supplementary heating power determined according to the compression temperature of the compressed air provided from the compressor system unit and a predetermined target supplementary heating temperature from the power grid, use the supplementary heating power to supplementary heat the compressed air having the compression temperature provided from the compressor system unit, and obtain compressed air having a supplementary heating temperature equal to the target supplementary heating temperature.

[0020] Through this heat exchange and storage design, the heat storage area can have the same pressure as the gas storage unit during the air compression storage process and the expansion work process. In order to maintain the same pressure as the gas storage unit, the heat storage area can be designed to include pipes, tanks or other high-pressure containers. In addition, the heat storage area including the rock heat storage medium and the compressed air channel formed as holes in the rock heat storage medium can achieve direct or indirect heat transfer between the compressed air flowing through the compressed air channel and the rock heat storage medium, so that there is no need to set up additional heat exchangers or pumps. In this way, fewer components and direct heat exchange can increase the possibility of potentially higher heat exchange and storage efficiency. This can also increase the potential for improving the efficiency of compressed air energy storage CAES systems. Fewer components and direct heat exchange can also make it possible to reduce the cost of heat exchange and storage systems.

[0021] In addition, the higher inlet temperature that may be required by the rock heat storage system unit can be met by providing a supplementary heat system unit, for example, including an electric heating unit. This condition is more friendly to the design of the compressor in the high-temperature compressed air energy storage CAES solution, and also helps to reduce the cost of the compressor. At the same time, the application of the electric heating unit and the corresponding control can help maintain a stable or steady air temperature and grid power consumption during the compression process. In the early stage of the compression process, the compressor power is small, the heat generated is also small, and the air flow temperature is slightly lower. At this time, the electric heater can generate more heat to heat the airflow to maintain the designed temperature of the airflow. When the back pressure of the compressor increases, its power consumption also increases accordingly, and the power of the electric heater can be reduced accordingly. The above overall process helps to maintain a relatively stable power consumption of the grid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the above and other features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent to those skilled in the art. In the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a compressed air energy storage CAES system according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram showing energy storage by a compressed air energy storage CAES system according to an exemplary embodiment, wherein a rock heat storage system unit includes a plurality of heat storage areas;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram showing a compressed air energy storage CAES system including an expansion work system according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram showing a compressed air energy storage CAES system including an expansion work system performing work according to an exemplary embodiment, wherein a rock heat storage system unit includes a plurality of heat storage areas;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating one heat storage area among a plurality of heat storage areas included in a rock heat storage system unit according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0028] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0029] 100: Compressor system unit

[0030] 300: Rock thermal storage system unit

[0031] 310: High temperature heat storage area

[0032] 330: Medium temperature heat storage area

[0033] 350: Low temperature heat storage area

[0034] 500: Gas storage unit

[0035] Tc: Compression temperature

[0036] Th: Supplementary heating temperature

[0037] Pc: Compression power

[0038] Ph: heating power

[0039] TcsH: High temperature compressed gas storage temperature

[0040] TcsM: Medium temperature compressed gas storage temperature

[0041] TcsL: cryogenic compressed gas storage temperature

[0042] Tts: Gas storage target temperature

[0043] 700: Work system unit

[0044] Ts: Gas storage temperature

[0045] TseL: Low temperature gas storage working temperature

[0046] TseM: Medium temperature gas storage working temperature

[0047] TseH: High temperature gas storage working temperature

[0048] Tte: target temperature for work

[0049] 331: Rock Thermal Storage Medium

[0050] 333: Compressed air channel DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.

[0052] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 1 As shown in , a compressed air energy storage CAES system according to an exemplary embodiment may include a compressor system unit 100 , a rock thermal storage system unit 300 , and a gas storage unit 500 .

[0053] The compressor system unit 100 can compress air to obtain compressed air. For example, the compressor system unit 100 may include a compressor and a driver, such as a motor, that drives the compressor to compress air. After the compressor compresses the air, the compressor system unit 100 can provide the compressed air to the rock heat storage system unit 300. In an exemplary embodiment, the compressor system unit 100 may be composed of a plurality of compressors and a multi-stage compressor combination. Accordingly, the compressor system unit 100 may include a plurality of channels to allow multiple branches of air and / or compressed air to flow. In the present application, for the sake of simplicity, the illustration or description of the channels for the transmission of air and / or compressed air included in and / or between the various elements may be omitted, but it can be understood by those skilled in the art that a transmission channel for air and / or compressed air can be provided according to the inspiration or teaching of the inventive concept of the present application to realize the adiabatic and / or non-adiabatic transmission of air and / or compressed air between the various elements according to the exemplary embodiment of the present application, and the implementation method including such a transmission channel for air and / or compressed air is also included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

[0054] In the process of air being compressed by the compressor system unit 100, its temperature may gradually increase while its pressure increases. In other words, the compressor system unit 100 may compress the air and provide the rock thermal storage system unit 300 with compressed air having an increased compression temperature Tc higher than the temperature of the air before being compressed by the compressor system unit 100, for example.

[0055] The rock heat storage system unit 300 may receive compressed air having a compression temperature Tc provided from the compressor system unit 100. The rock heat storage system unit 300 may exchange heat with the compressed air having the compression temperature Tc to obtain compressed air having a gas storage target temperature Tts, and may store heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air having the compression temperature Tc. Here, the gas storage target temperature Tts may be lower than the compression temperature Tc. As will be described in detail later, the compressed air having the gas storage target temperature Tts may be further stored in the gas storage unit 500.

[0056] The rock heat storage system unit 300 according to the exemplary embodiment may have a higher maximum heat storage temperature and a wider heat storage temperature range. For example, the maximum heat storage temperature of the rock heat storage system unit 300 may reach above 600°C, and the heat storage temperature range may be from below 200°C to above 600°C. In this way, the rock heat storage system unit 300 may receive compressed air having a compression temperature Tc of about 600°C or higher from the compressor system unit 100 and exchange heat therewith, thereby obtaining compressed air having a gas storage target temperature of about 200°C or lower and storing it in the gas storage unit 500. In addition, flexibility and possibility may also be provided for applying a work system unit 700 (described in detail below) having a higher inlet temperature to provide more power output.

[0057] However, exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, in some exemplary embodiments of a compressed air energy storage CAES system that uses a high-temperature heat storage solution (e.g., rock or thermal oil heat storage), the heat generated by the compressor system unit 100 in the process of compressing the air alone may not be able to make the compression temperature Tc of the compressed air reach the entry temperature required by the adopted high-temperature heat storage solution. In addition, the power used by the compressor system unit 100 to compress the air may be variable, that is, the compressor system unit 100 can compress the air using variable power to obtain compressed air with a compression temperature Tc that varies depending on the input power. For example, in the process of compressing the air, since the compressor in the compressor system unit 100 may be operating under constantly changing operating conditions, the temperature of the compressed air it outputs also varies.

[0058] For example, when the compressor system unit 100 compresses the air with a higher power, the compression temperature Tc of the compressed air obtained may be higher. In addition, when the compressor system unit 100 compresses the air with a lower power, the compression temperature Tc of the compressed air obtained may be lower. In this case, the compressed air energy storage CAES system may include a supplemental heat system unit 200, such as Figure 1As shown in . The supplementary heat system unit 200 can be arranged between the compressor system unit 100 and the rock heat storage system unit 300. The supplementary heat system unit 200 can receive the compressed air with the compression temperature Tc provided by the compressor system unit 100. Then, the supplementary heat system unit 200 can supplement the compressed air with the compression temperature Tc to obtain compressed air with the supplementary heat temperature Th. In this way, the supplementary heat temperature Th of the compressed air supplemented by the supplementary heat system unit 200 can be increased to meet the entry temperature required by the adopted high-temperature heat storage scheme. For example, the supplementary heat temperature Th can be equal to the entry temperature, or the supplementary heat temperature Th can fall within the entry temperature range. In this way, adopting and adaptively controlling the supplementary heat system unit 200 can help achieve a stable heat output to the rock heat storage system unit 300.

[0059] Specifically, the compressor system unit 100 can be connected to a power source such as a power grid, thereby receiving power from the power grid, that is, the compression power Pc. The compressor system unit 100 can use the compression power Pc to compress the air and obtain compressed air with a compression temperature Tc. Here, the compression temperature Tc of the compressed air may increase or decrease with the increase or decrease of the compression power Pc. On the other hand, the supplementary heat system unit 200 is connected to a power source such as a power grid, thereby receiving power from the power grid, that is, the supplementary heat power Ph. Here, the power source to which the supplementary heat system unit 200 is connected can be the same or different from the power source to which the compressor system unit 100 is connected, for example, the supplementary heat system unit 200 and the compressor system unit 100 can both be connected to the power grid and receive power from the power grid. Then, the supplementary heat system unit 200 can use the supplementary heat power Ph to supplement the compressed air with a compression temperature Tc provided from the compressor system unit 100, and can obtain compressed air with a supplementary heat temperature Th higher than the compression temperature Tc to meet the inlet temperature required by the adopted high temperature heat storage scheme.

[0060] In some exemplary embodiments, the supplementary heat system unit 200 may include an electric heating unit or an electric heater, for example, an induction electric heater including a high-efficiency high-power electric heating system provided by Siemens Energy and other types of electric heaters. For example, the supplementary heat system unit 200 may include a temperature sensor unit (not shown) for sensing the compression temperature Tc of the compressed air input from the compressor system unit 100. Then, the supplementary heat system unit 200 may include a temperature determination unit (not shown), so as to determine whether the compression temperature Tc meets the target supplementary heat temperature through the temperature determination unit. Here, the target supplementary heat temperature can be determined according to the entry temperature required by the high-temperature heat storage scheme adopted, such as the rock heat storage system unit 300, and the target supplementary heat temperature can be equal to the entry temperature or fall within the entry temperature range. If the temperature determination unit determines that the compression temperature Tc does not meet (for example, is less than) the target supplementary heat temperature, the control unit (not shown) of the supplementary heat system unit 200 can control the electric heating unit of the supplementary heat system unit 200 to heat the compressed air with the compression temperature Tc, thereby obtaining compressed air with a supplementary heat temperature Th that meets the entry temperature. On the other hand, if the temperature determination unit determines that the compression temperature Tc satisfies (for example, is equal to) the target supplementary heating temperature, the control unit of the supplementary heating system unit 200 may control the electric heating unit of the supplementary heating system unit 200 not to heat the compressed air having the compression temperature Tc that satisfies the target supplementary heating temperature; or, the supplementary heating system unit 200 may not receive the compressed air having the compression temperature Tc that satisfies the target supplementary heating temperature provided by the compressor system unit 100, thereby allowing the compressed air having the compression temperature Tc that satisfies the target supplementary heating temperature provided by the compressor system unit 100 to be directly provided to the rock heat storage system unit 300.

[0061] In addition, in some exemplary embodiments, a relatively stable system power consumption can be maintained by including, for example, an electric heating unit in the supplementary heat system unit 200 to meet the requirements of the power grid as a power source. For example, the compressor system unit 100 can be connected to the power grid, receive a compression power Pc from the power grid, use the compression power Pc to compress the air, and obtain compressed air with a compression temperature Tc. At the same time, the supplementary heat system unit 200 can also be connected to the power grid, receive a supplementary heat power Ph from the power grid, use the supplementary heat power Ph to supplement the compressed air with a compression temperature Tc provided from the compressor system unit 100, and obtain compressed air with a supplementary heat temperature Th. As described above, the power received by the compressor system unit 100 from the power grid and used to compress the air, that is, the compression power Pc, can be variable. For example, when the compressor system unit 100 receives a reduced compression power (Pc-) from the grid, compresses air using the reduced compression power (Pc-), and obtains compressed air having a reduced compression temperature, the supplementary heating system unit 200 may receive an increased supplementary heating power (Ph+) from the grid, supplementally heat the compressed air having a reduced compression temperature provided from the compressor system unit 100 using the increased supplementary heating power (Ph+), and obtain compressed air having a supplementary heating temperature Th. In addition, when the compressor system unit 100 receives an increased compression power (Pc+) from the grid, compresses air using the increased compression power (Pc+), and obtains compressed air having an increased compression temperature, the supplementary heating system unit 200 receives a reduced supplementary heating power (Ph-) from the grid, supplementally heats the compressed air having an increased compression temperature provided from the compressor system unit 100 using the reduced supplementary heating power (Ph-), and obtains compressed air having a supplementary heating temperature Th. Here, the increased compression power (Pc+) may be higher than the reduced compression power (Pc-), and the increased supplementary heating power (Ph+) may be higher than the reduced supplementary heating power (Ph-). In a further exemplary embodiment, the supplementary heating power Pc received and used from the grid by the supplementary heating system unit 200 for supplementary heating may be controlled so that the total power Pt received from the grid by the supplementary heating system unit 200 and the compressor system unit 100 is kept stable, for example, kept at a constant power or within a predetermined power range, that is,

[0062] Pt=Pc+Ph,

[0063] (Pc-)+(Ph+)=(Pc+)+(Ph-)=Pt.

[0064] Here, Pt is the total power received from a power source such as a power grid, Pc is the compression power, Ph is the supplementary heating power, (Pc-) and (Ph+) are the reduced compression power and increased supplementary heating power as described above, and (Pc+) and (Ph-) are the increased compression power and reduced supplementary heating power as described above. Such a scheme of allocating power provided from the power grid to the supplementary heating system unit 200 and the compressor system unit 100 in order to maintain the stability of the total power (Pt) can be achieved by manually adjusting the supplementary heating power Ph received by the supplementary heating system unit 200 from the power grid according to the desired stable total power (or total power range) (Pt) and the compression power Pc received by the compressor system unit 100 from the power grid, so that the supplementary heating power Ph is equal to Pt-Pc; in addition, it can also be achieved automatically by adopting another power allocation unit (not shown) to allow the supplementary heating system unit 200 to receive a supplementary heating power Ph from the power grid equal to Pt-Pc according to the desired stable total power (or total power range) Pt and the compression power Pc received by the compressor system unit 100 from the power grid.

[0065] In some exemplary embodiments, the supplementary heating system unit 200 may include a supplementary heating power determination unit (not shown). The supplementary heating power determination unit may determine the supplementary heating power Ph according to the compression temperature Tc of the compressed air provided from the compressor system unit 100 and the predetermined target supplementary heating temperature. Here, the target supplementary heating temperature may be determined according to the entry temperature required by the high temperature heat storage scheme adopted, such as the rock heat storage system unit 300, and the target supplementary heating temperature may be equal to the entry temperature or fall within the entry temperature range. The supplementary heating power determination unit may include a storage unit storing a lookup table representing the relationship between the supplementary heating power Ph and the compression temperature Tc of the compressed air provided to the supplementary heating system unit 200 and the predetermined target supplementary heating temperature. The supplementary heating system unit 200 may receive the supplementary heating power Ph determined by the supplementary heating power determination unit from the power grid, and use the received supplementary heating power Ph to supplement the compressed air having the compression temperature Tc provided from the compressor system unit 100, and obtain compressed air having a supplementary heating temperature Th equal to the target supplementary heating temperature.

[0066] Then, as will be described below, the rock heat storage system unit 300 may receive the compressed air having the supplementary heat temperature Th provided from the supplementary heat system unit 200 .

[0067] The rock heat storage system unit 300 according to the exemplary embodiment may include volcanic rock as its heat storage material. In other exemplary embodiments, the rock heat storage system unit 300 may include volcanic rock, quartz sand, slag, one or more rocks in concrete or other rocks as heat storage materials. In this way, the rock as the heat storage material of the rock heat storage system unit 300 according to the exemplary embodiment may have a relatively low cost, a relatively long life, and may require relatively little maintenance.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the rock heat storage system unit 300 may include multiple heat storage areas according to the requirements of the total amount of heat storage and the temperature gradient. Figure 2 As shown in , according to the temperature gradient, there may be one or more of the high temperature heat storage area 310, the medium temperature heat storage area 330, and the low temperature heat storage area 350. Here, the high temperature heat storage area 310, the medium temperature heat storage area 330, and the low temperature heat storage area 350 may be divided according to the temperature of the compressed air input to these heat storage areas and / or output from these heat storage areas. As will be described later, the temperature of the compressed air input to the high temperature heat storage area 310 and / or output from the high temperature heat storage area 310 may be the highest, the temperature of the compressed air input to the low temperature heat storage area 350 and / or output from the low temperature heat storage area 350 may be the lowest, the temperature of the compressed air input to the medium temperature heat storage area 330 and / or output from the medium temperature heat storage area 330 may be lower than the temperature of the compressed air input to the high temperature heat storage area 310 and / or output from the high temperature heat storage area 310, and may be higher than the temperature of the compressed air input to the low temperature heat storage area 350 and / or output from the low temperature heat storage area 350. In other words, the heat storage area with the highest temperature of the input and / or output compressed air can be called a high-temperature heat storage area, and other heat storage areas can be called medium-temperature heat storage areas and / or low-temperature heat storage areas; or, the heat storage area with the lowest temperature of the input and / or output compressed air can be called a low-temperature heat storage area, and other heat storage areas can be called medium-temperature heat storage areas and / or high-temperature heat storage areas. In addition, according to some exemplary embodiments, the rock heat storage system unit 300 may include one or more high-temperature heat storage areas 310, one or more medium-temperature heat storage areas 330, and one or more low-temperature heat storage areas 350 with different (gradually increasing or gradually decreasing) temperatures of the input and / or input compressed air; or, it may only include one or more high-temperature heat storage areas 310 and one or more medium-temperature heat storage areas (or low-temperature heat storage areas) 330; or, it may only include one or more low-temperature heat storage areas 350 and one or more medium-temperature heat storage areas (or high-temperature heat storage areas) 330. Here, each heat storage area can include a heat storage rock unit or array. These heat storage areas can be insulated from each other to prevent heat loss.

[0069] The gas storage unit 500 can receive and store compressed air with a gas storage target temperature Tts provided from the rock thermal storage system unit 300. The gas storage unit 500 can be implemented as a salt cave, an artificial cave, or other pressurized air container, which can be selected and determined depending on the design of the CAES system.

[0070] The following will refer to Figure 2 To describe the energy storage process of a compressed air energy storage CAES system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0071] Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram showing energy storage by a compressed air energy storage CAES system according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 2 As shown in , the compressor system unit 100 can compress air to obtain compressed air with a compression temperature Tc. Then, the compressor system unit 100 can provide the compressed air with the compression temperature Tc to the supplementary heat system unit 200. The supplementary heat system unit 200 can receive the compressed air with the compression temperature Tc provided from the compressor system unit 100, and supplement the heat of the compressed air with the compression temperature Tc so that the temperature of the compressed air is increased from the compression temperature Tc to the supplementary heat temperature Th, thereby obtaining the compressed air with the supplementary heat temperature Th. Then, the supplementary heat system unit 200 can provide the compressed air with the supplementary heat temperature Th to the high-temperature heat storage area 310 in the rock heat storage system unit 300. In some exemplary embodiments, when the compressor system unit 100 can use a higher power to compress the air and thereby obtain compressed air having a compression temperature Tc substantially equal to the supplementary heating temperature Th, the compressor system unit 100 can provide the compressed air having a compression temperature Tc substantially equal to the supplementary heating temperature Th directly to the high-temperature heat storage area 310 in the rock heat storage system unit 300 without supplementary heating through the supplementary heating system unit 200; or, the compressor system unit 100 can provide the compressed air having a compression temperature Tc substantially equal to the supplementary heating temperature Th to the supplementary heating system unit 200, and the supplementary heating system unit 200 directly provides the compressed air having a compression temperature Tc substantially equal to the supplementary heating temperature Th to the high-temperature heat storage area 310 in the rock heat storage system unit 300 without supplementary heating the compressed air having a compression temperature Tc substantially equal to the supplementary heating temperature Th. In the following description, an exemplary embodiment will be described in which the supplementary heat system unit 200 supplements heat to the compressed air having the compression temperature Tc provided from the compressor system unit 100 to provide the compressed air having the supplementary heat temperature Th to the high temperature heat storage area 310 in the rock heat storage system unit 300.

[0072] When receiving the compressed air with the supplementary heat temperature Th, the high temperature heat storage area 310 can exchange heat with the compressed air with the supplementary heat temperature Th, and can store the heat obtained by the heat exchange with the compressed air with the supplementary heat temperature Th. The compressed air passing through the high temperature heat storage area 310 can be reduced from the supplementary heat temperature Th to the high temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH because of the heat exchange with the high temperature heat storage area 310. Here, if the high temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH is already equal to the desired gas storage target temperature Tts, the high temperature heat storage area 310 can provide the compressed air with the high temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH equal to the desired gas storage target temperature Tts to the gas storage unit 500, so that the gas storage unit 500 can store the compressed air from the high temperature heat storage area 310 with the high temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH equal to the desired gas storage target temperature Tts. On the other hand, if the high temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH is higher than the desired gas storage temperature Tts, the high temperature heat storage area 310 may provide compressed air having the high temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH to the medium temperature heat storage area 330 .

[0073] When receiving the compressed air having the high temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH, the medium temperature heat storage area 330 can exchange heat with the compressed air having the high temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH, and can store the heat obtained by the heat exchange with the compressed air having the high temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH. The compressed air passing through the medium temperature heat storage area 330 can be reduced from the high temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH to the medium temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM because of the heat exchange with the medium temperature heat storage area 330. Here, if the medium temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM is already equal to the desired gas storage target temperature Tts, the medium temperature heat storage area 330 can provide the compressed air having the medium temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM equal to the desired gas storage target temperature Tts to the gas storage unit 500, so that the gas storage unit 500 can store the compressed air having the medium temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM equal to the desired heat storage target temperature Tts from the medium temperature heat storage area 330. On the other hand, if the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM is higher than the desired gas storage target temperature Tts, the medium-temperature heat storage area 330 may provide compressed air of the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM to the low-temperature heat storage area 350 .

[0074] When receiving the compressed air having the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM, the low-temperature heat storage area 350 can exchange heat with the compressed air having the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM, and can store the heat obtained by the heat exchange with the compressed air having the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM. The compressed air passing through the low-temperature heat storage area 350 can be reduced from the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM to the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsL because of the heat exchange with the low-temperature heat storage area 350. Here, if the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsL is already equal to the desired gas storage target temperature Tts, the low-temperature heat storage area 350 can provide the compressed air having the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsL equal to the desired heat storage target temperature Tts to the gas storage unit 500, so that the gas storage unit 500 can store the compressed air from the low-temperature heat storage area 350 having the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsL equal to the desired heat storage target temperature Tts. On the other hand, if the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsL is higher than the desired gas storage target temperature Tts, the low-temperature heat storage area 350 can provide the compressed air having the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsL to another heat storage area (not shown), so that the other heat storage area can exchange heat with the compressed air having the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsL, and store the heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air having the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsL until the compressed air having a temperature equal to the gas storage target temperature Tts is obtained, so that the compressed air having a temperature equal to the gas storage target temperature Tts can be provided to the gas storage unit 500.

[0075] Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram showing a compressed air energy storage CAES system including an expansion work system according to an exemplary embodiment performing work. Figure 3According to the exemplary embodiment, the compressed air energy storage system may further include a work system unit 700. The work system unit 700 may use the compressed air stored by the gas storage unit 500 to perform work. For example, the work system unit 700 may include an expander that receives compressed air provided from the gas storage unit 500 and performs work, and a generator that converts the work done by the expander into electrical energy and provides the converted electrical energy to the power grid. In some exemplary embodiments, the work system unit 700 may be composed of one or more expanders and multi-stage expansion. In this way, the airflow entering the expander may also be a plurality of airflow branches. When it is necessary to perform work according to the compressed air energy storage CAES system of the exemplary embodiment, the gas storage unit 500 may provide the compressed air stored therein and having the gas storage temperature Ts to the rock thermal storage system unit 300. The rock thermal storage system unit 300 can receive the compressed air with the gas storage temperature Ts stored in the gas storage unit 500 provided from the gas storage unit 500, use the heat stored in the rock thermal storage system unit 300 to exchange heat with the compressed air with the gas storage temperature Ts to obtain compressed air with a work target temperature Tte higher than the gas storage temperature Ts, and provide the compressed air with the work target temperature Tte to the work system unit 700. Then, the work system unit 700 can receive the compressed air with the work target temperature Tte, use the compressed air with the work target temperature Tte to do work through, for example, an expander, convert the work done by the expander into electrical energy through a generator, and provide the converted electrical energy to the power grid. As described above with reference to Figure 1 As described, the rock heat storage system unit 300 according to the exemplary embodiment can have a higher maximum heat storage temperature and a wider heat storage temperature range. For example, the maximum heat storage temperature of the rock heat storage system unit 300 can reach above 600°C, and the heat storage temperature range can be from below 200°C to above 600°C. In this way, the rock heat storage system unit 300 can receive compressed air with a gas storage temperature Ts of about 200°C or lower from the gas storage unit 500 and exchange heat with it, thereby obtaining compressed air with a work target temperature Tte of about 600°C or higher, and providing the compressed air with the work target temperature Tte to the work system unit 700, so that the work system unit 700 can use the compressed air with the work target temperature Tte to do work. Here, the gas storage temperature Ts can be the same as that described above. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The stored gas target temperatures Tts in the described embodiments are the same or different.

[0076] With reference to above Figure 2 Similar to the exemplary embodiment described above, in the current exemplary embodiment, the rock heat storage system unit 300 may include multiple heat storage areas according to the requirements of the total amount of heat storage and the temperature gradient. Figure 3As shown in , according to the temperature gradient, there may be one or more high-temperature heat storage areas 310, medium-temperature heat storage areas 330, and low-temperature heat storage areas 350. In addition, according to some exemplary embodiments, the rock heat storage system unit 300 may include one or more high-temperature heat storage areas 310, one or more medium-temperature heat storage areas 330, and one or more low-temperature heat storage areas 350 with different (gradually increasing or gradually decreasing) temperatures of the input and / or input compressed air; or, it may only include one or more high-temperature heat storage areas 310 and one or more medium-temperature heat storage areas (or low-temperature heat storage areas) 330, or it may only include one or more low-temperature heat storage areas 350 and one or more medium-temperature heat storage areas (or high-temperature heat storage areas) 330. Here, each heat storage area may include a heat storage rock unit or array. These heat storage areas may be insulated from each other to prevent heat loss.

[0077] The following will refer to Figure 4 To describe the work process of a compressed air energy storage CAES system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0078] Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram showing a compressed air energy storage CAES system including an expansion work system according to an exemplary embodiment performing work. Figure 4 As shown in , when the compressed air energy storage CAES system according to the exemplary embodiment needs to perform work, the gas storage unit 500 can provide its stored compressed air with a gas storage temperature Ts to the low-temperature heat storage area 350 of the rock heat storage system unit 300. When receiving the compressed air with a gas storage temperature Ts, the low-temperature heat storage area 350 can use the heat stored in the low-temperature heat storage area 350 to exchange heat with the compressed air with the gas storage temperature Ts to obtain compressed air with a low-temperature gas storage work temperature TseL higher than the gas storage temperature Ts. Here, the heat used by the low-temperature heat storage area 350 to exchange heat with the compressed air with the gas storage temperature Ts can be as described above with reference to Figure 2The heat obtained and stored when the low temperature heat storage area 350 is heat exchanged with the compressed air having the medium temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM. The compressed air passing through the low temperature heat storage area 350 can be raised from the gas storage temperature Ts to the low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL because of the heat exchange with the low temperature heat storage area 350. Here, if the low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL is already equal to the desired working target temperature Tte, the low temperature heat storage area 350 can provide the compressed air having the low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL equal to the desired working target temperature Tte to the working system unit 700, so that the working system unit 700 can receive and use the compressed air having the low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL equal to the desired working target temperature Tte from the low temperature heat storage area 350 to perform work. On the other hand, if the low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL is lower than the desired working target temperature Tte, the low temperature heat storage area 350 can provide the compressed air having the low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL to the medium temperature heat storage area 330.

[0079] When receiving compressed air with a low-temperature gas storage working temperature TseL, the medium-temperature heat storage area 330 can use the heat stored in the medium-temperature heat storage area 330 to exchange heat with the compressed air with a low-temperature gas storage working temperature TseL, so as to obtain compressed air with a medium-temperature gas storage working temperature TseM higher than the low-temperature gas storage working temperature TseL. Here, the heat used by the medium-temperature heat storage area 330 to exchange heat with the compressed air with a low-temperature gas storage working temperature TseL can be as described above with reference to Figure 2 The medium-temperature heat storage area 330 described herein is the heat obtained and stored when exchanging heat with the compressed air having the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH. The compressed air passing through the medium-temperature heat storage area 330 can be raised from the low-temperature gas storage working temperature TseL to the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature TseM because of the heat exchange with the medium-temperature heat storage area 330. Here, if the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature TseM is already equal to the desired working target temperature Tte, the medium-temperature heat storage area 330 can provide the compressed air having the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature TseM equal to the desired working target temperature Tte to the working system unit 700, so that the working system unit 700 can receive and use the compressed air having the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature TseM equal to the desired working target temperature Tte from the medium-temperature heat storage area 330 to perform work. On the other hand, if the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature TseM is lower than the desired working target temperature Tte, the medium-temperature heat storage area 330 may provide compressed air having the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature TseM to the medium-temperature heat storage area 330 .

[0080] When receiving the compressed air with the medium temperature storage gas working temperature TseM, the high temperature heat storage area 310 can use the heat stored in the high temperature heat storage area 310 to exchange heat with the compressed air with the medium temperature storage gas working temperature TseM to obtain compressed air with a high temperature storage gas working temperature TseH higher than the medium temperature storage gas working temperature TseM. Here, the heat used by the high temperature heat storage area 310 to exchange heat with the compressed air with the medium temperature storage gas working temperature TseM can be as described above with reference to Figure 2 The heat obtained and stored when the high temperature heat storage area 310 described exchanges heat with the compressed air having the supplementary heat temperature Th. The compressed air passing through the high temperature heat storage area 310 can be increased from the medium temperature gas storage working temperature TseM to the high temperature gas storage working temperature TseH because of the heat exchange with the high temperature heat storage area 310. Here, if the high temperature gas storage working temperature TseH is already equal to the desired working target temperature Tte, the high temperature heat storage area 310 can provide the compressed air having the high temperature gas storage working temperature TseH equal to the desired working target temperature Tte to the working system unit 700, so that the working system unit 700 can receive and use the compressed air having the high temperature gas storage working temperature TseH equal to the desired working target temperature Tte from the high temperature heat storage area 310 to perform work. On the other hand, if the high-temperature gas storage working temperature TseH is lower than the desired working target temperature Tte, the high-temperature heat storage area 310 can provide the compressed air with the working target temperature Tte to another heat storage area (not shown), so that the other heat storage area can use its stored heat to exchange heat with the compressed air with the high-temperature gas storage working temperature TseH until the compressed air with a temperature equal to the working target temperature Tte is obtained, so that the compressed air with a temperature equal to the working target temperature Tte can be provided to the working system unit 700. Here, the heat used by the other heat storage area for heat exchange with the compressed air with the high-temperature gas storage working temperature TseH can be the heat obtained and stored when it exchanges heat with the compressed air with a higher compressed gas storage temperature from the compressor system unit 100.

[0081] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing one of the multiple heat storage areas included in the rock heat storage system unit according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 5 The structure of the medium temperature heat storage area 330 is described in detail, however, according to some exemplary embodiments, for example, referring to Figure 1-Figure 4 In the exemplary embodiment described above and in other exemplary embodiments, the rock heat storage system unit 300 includes a plurality of heat storage areas 310, 330 and 350, each of which may have a configuration as follows: Figure 5 The structure of the heat storage area 330 shown in FIG. Figure 5As shown in , the heat storage area 330 may include a rock heat storage medium 331 and a compressed air channel 333. The rock heat storage medium 331 may include, but is not limited to, rock materials such as volcanic rock, concrete, slag, quartz sand, and other rocks suitable for heat storage. The compressed air channel 333 may extend through the rock heat storage medium 331. For example, the compressed air channel 333 may be formed as a hole in the rock heat storage medium 331, so that when the compressed air is stored, the compressed air is allowed to flow through the compressed air channel 333, and can directly contact the rock heat storage medium 331 and exchange heat with the rock heat storage medium 331, so as to store the heat obtained by the heat exchange with the compressed air through the rock heat storage medium 331, or, when the compressed air is used to do work, the compressed air is allowed to flow through the compressed air channel 333, and can directly or indirectly contact the rock heat storage medium 331 and exchange heat with the rock heat storage medium 331, so as to increase the temperature of the compressed air through the heat stored in the rock heat storage medium 331.

[0082] Specifically, when the medium-temperature heat storage area 330 receives compressed air having a high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH, the compressed air having a high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH may flow through the compressed air channel 333. When the compressed air channel 333 may be formed as a hole in the rock heat storage medium 331, the compressed air having a high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH may contact, for example, directly or indirectly contact the rock heat storage medium 331 and exchange heat with the rock heat storage medium 331 to obtain compressed air having a medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsM lower than the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH, and allow the rock heat storage medium 331 to store heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air having the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature TcsH.

[0083] On the other hand, compressed air having a low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL is received in the medium temperature heat storage area 330, and the compressed air having the low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL may flow through the compressed air channel 333. When the compressed air channel 333 may be formed as a hole in the rock heat storage medium 331, the compressed air having the low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL may contact, for example, directly or indirectly contact the rock heat storage medium 331 and exchange heat with the rock heat storage medium 331, thereby using the heat stored in the rock heat storage medium 331 to exchange heat with the compressed air having the low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL to obtain compressed air having a medium temperature gas storage working temperature (TseM) higher than the low temperature gas storage working temperature TseL.

[0084] Through this heat exchange and storage design, the heat storage area can have the same pressure as the gas storage unit during the air compression storage process and the expansion work process. In order to maintain the same pressure as the gas storage unit, the heat storage area can be designed to include pipes, tanks or other high-pressure containers. In addition, the heat storage area including the rock heat storage medium and the compressed air channel formed as holes in the rock heat storage medium can achieve direct or indirect heat transfer between the compressed air flowing through the compressed air channel and the rock heat storage medium, so that there is no need to set up additional heat exchangers or pumps. In this way, fewer components and direct heat exchange can increase the possibility of potentially higher heat exchange and storage efficiency. This can also increase the potential for improving the efficiency of compressed air energy storage CAES systems. Fewer components and direct heat exchange can also make it possible to reduce the cost of heat exchange and storage systems.

[0085] In addition, the higher inlet temperature that may be required by the rock heat storage system unit can be met by providing a supplementary heat system unit, for example, including an electric heating unit. This condition is more friendly to the design of the compressor in the high-temperature compressed air energy storage CAES solution, and also helps to reduce the cost of the compressor. At the same time, the application of the electric heating unit and the corresponding control can help maintain a stable or steady air temperature and grid power consumption during the compression process. In the early stage of the compression process, the compressor power is small, the heat generated is also small, and the air flow temperature is slightly lower. At this time, the electric heater can generate more heat to heat the airflow to maintain the designed temperature of the airflow. When the back pressure of the compressor increases, its power consumption also increases accordingly, and the power of the electric heater can be reduced accordingly. The above overall process helps to maintain a relatively stable power consumption of the grid.

[0086] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that: The compressed air energy storage system comprises: A compressor system unit (100) compresses air to obtain compressed air having a compression temperature (Tc); The supplementary heating system unit (200) receives the compressed air having a compression temperature (Tc) provided by the compressor system unit (100), and supplements the compressed air having the compression temperature (Tc) so as to increase the temperature of the compressed air from the compression temperature (Tc) to a supplementary heating temperature (Th), thereby obtaining compressed air having the supplementary heating temperature (Th); The rock heat storage system unit (300) receives the compressed air having a supplementary heating temperature (Th) provided from the supplementary heating system unit (200), exchanges heat with the compressed air having the supplementary heating temperature (Th) to obtain compressed air having a target air storage temperature (Tts) lower than the supplementary heating temperature (Th), and stores heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air having the supplementary heating temperature (Th); The gas storage unit (500) receives and stores compressed air having a gas storage target temperature (Tts) provided from the rock thermal storage system unit (300).

2. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rock heat storage system unit (300) comprises a plurality of heat storage areas, wherein the plurality of heat storage areas comprises: The high temperature heat storage area (310) receives the compressed air having the supplementary heat temperature (Th) provided by the supplementary heat system unit (200), exchanges heat with the compressed air having the supplementary heat temperature (Th) to obtain compressed air having a high temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsH) lower than the supplementary heat temperature (Th), and stores heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air having the supplementary heat temperature (Th). When the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature (TcsH) is the gas storage target temperature (Tts), the rock thermal storage system unit (300) provides compressed air with the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature (TcsH) to the gas storage unit (500), and the gas storage unit (500) receives and stores the compressed air with the high-temperature compressed gas storage temperature (TcsH).

3. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multiple heat storage areas include: The medium-temperature heat storage area (330) receives compressed air having the high-temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsH), exchanges heat with the compressed air having the high-temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsH) to obtain compressed air having a medium-temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsM) lower than the high-temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsH), and stores heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air having the high-temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsH). When the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature (TcsM) is the gas storage target temperature (Tts), the rock thermal storage system unit (300) provides compressed air with the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature (TcsM) to the gas storage unit (500), and the gas storage unit (500) receives and stores the compressed air with the medium-temperature compressed gas storage temperature (TcsM).

4. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multiple heat storage areas include: The low temperature heat storage area (350) receives compressed air having the medium temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsM), exchanges heat with the compressed air having the medium temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsM) to obtain compressed air having a low temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsL) lower than the medium temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsM), and stores heat obtained by heat exchange with the compressed air having the medium temperature compressed air storage temperature (TcsM). When the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature (TcsL) is the gas storage target temperature (Tts), the rock thermal storage system unit (300) provides compressed air having the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature (TcsL) to the gas storage unit (500), and the gas storage unit (500) receives and stores the compressed air having the low-temperature compressed gas storage temperature (TcsL).

5. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the plurality of heat storage areas comprises: Rock heat storage medium (331); A compressed air channel (333) extending through the rock heat storage medium (331), The compressed air channel (333) allows the compressed air to exchange heat with the rock heat storage medium (331) when flowing through the compressed air channel (333), so that the heat obtained by the heat exchange with the compressed air is stored in the rock heat storage medium (331).

6. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compressed air energy storage system comprises: The power system unit (700) receives compressed air provided by the gas storage unit (500) and performs power. When the working system unit (700) receives compressed air provided from the gas storage unit (500) and performs work, the rock heat storage system unit (300) receives compressed air having a gas storage temperature (Ts) provided from the gas storage unit (500) and stored in the gas storage unit (500), uses the heat stored in the rock heat storage system unit (300) to exchange heat with the compressed air having the gas storage temperature (Ts) to obtain compressed air having a working target temperature (Tte) higher than the gas storage temperature (Ts), and provides the compressed air having the working target temperature (Tte) to the working system unit (700).

7. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rock heat storage system unit (300) comprises a plurality of heat storage areas, wherein the plurality of heat storage areas comprises: The low-temperature heat storage area (350) receives compressed air having a storage temperature (Ts) provided from the gas storage unit (500) and stored in the gas storage unit (500), and uses the heat stored in the low-temperature heat storage area (350) to exchange heat with the compressed air having the storage temperature (Ts) to obtain compressed air having a low-temperature storage gas working temperature (TseL) higher than the storage temperature (Ts). When the low-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseL) is the working target temperature (Tte), the rock heat storage system unit (300) provides compressed air with the low-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseL) to the working system unit (700), and the working system unit (700) receives the compressed air with the low-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseL) and performs work.

8. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The multiple heat storage areas include: The medium-temperature heat storage area (330) receives compressed air having the low-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseL) when the low-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseL) is lower than the working target temperature (Tte), and uses the heat stored in the medium-temperature heat storage area (330) to exchange heat with the compressed air having the low-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseL) to obtain compressed air having a medium-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseM) higher than the low-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseL). When the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseM) is the working target temperature (Tte), the rock heat storage system unit (300) provides compressed air with the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseM) to the working system unit (700), and the working system unit (700) receives the compressed air with the medium-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseM) and performs work.

9. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The multiple heat storage areas include: The high temperature heat storage area (310), when the medium temperature storage gas working temperature (TseM) is lower than the working target temperature (Tte), the high temperature heat storage area (310) receives compressed air having the medium temperature storage gas working temperature (TseM), uses the heat stored in the high temperature heat storage area (310) to exchange heat with the compressed air having the medium temperature storage gas working temperature (TseM) to obtain compressed air having a high temperature storage gas working temperature (TseH) higher than the medium temperature storage gas working temperature (TseM), When the high-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseH) is the working target temperature (Tte), the rock heat storage system unit (300) provides compressed air with the high-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseH) to the working system unit (700), and the working system unit (700) receives the compressed air with the high-temperature gas storage working temperature (TseH) and performs work.

10. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: One of the plurality of heat storage areas comprises: Rock heat storage medium (331); A compressed air channel (333) extending through the rock heat storage medium (331), The compressed air channel (333) allows the compressed air to exchange heat with the rock heat storage medium (331) when flowing through the compressed air channel (333), so as to increase the temperature of the compressed air through the heat stored in the rock heat storage medium (331).

11. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compressor system unit (100) is connected to a power grid, receives compression power (Pc) from the power grid, compresses air using the compression power (Pc), and obtains compressed air having a compression temperature (Tc). The supplementary heating system unit (200) is connected to the power grid, receives supplementary heating power (Ph) from the power grid, and uses the supplementary heating power (Ph) to supplementary heat the compressed air having a compression temperature (Tc) provided from the compressor system unit (100), thereby obtaining compressed air having a supplementary heating temperature (Th).

12. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 11, characterized in that: When the compressor system unit (100) receives reduced compression power from the power grid, compresses air using the reduced compression power, and obtains compressed air with a reduced compression temperature, the supplementary heating system unit (200) receives increased supplementary heating power from the power grid, supplements the compressed air with the reduced compression temperature provided from the compressor system unit (100) with the increased supplementary heating power, and obtains compressed air with a supplementary heating temperature (Th), and / or When the compressor system unit (100) receives increased compression power from the power grid, compresses air using the increased compression power, and obtains compressed air with an increased compression temperature, the supplementary heating system unit (200) receives reduced supplementary heating power from the power grid, supplements the compressed air with the increased compression temperature provided from the compressor system unit (100) using the reduced supplementary heating power, and obtains compressed air with a supplementary heating temperature (Th).

13. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The supplementary heating system unit (200) receives supplementary heating power (Ph) determined according to the compression temperature (Tc) of the compressed air provided from the compressor system unit (100) and a predetermined target supplementary heating temperature from the power grid, and uses the supplementary heating power (Ph) to supplementary heat the compressed air having the compression temperature (Tc) provided from the compressor system unit (100), thereby obtaining compressed air having a supplementary heating temperature (Th) equal to the target supplementary heating temperature.

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