Device for simulating combustibility of forest litters in different environments

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant flammability testing, in particular to a device for simulating the flammability of forest litters in different environments, which comprises a combustion chamber and a control observation chamber, a glass partition is arranged between the combustion chamber and the control observation chamber, and a sensor assembly, a video camera, an air conditioner, a humidifier, a fireproof cover and a combustor are arranged in the combustion chamber; a smoke exhaust channel is formed in the top of the fireproof cover, the upper end of the smoke exhaust channel penetrates through the combustion chamber, a material collector used for containing deadwood is arranged below the fireproof cover, the material collector is connected with the fireproof cover through a plurality of steel wire ropes, and a water tank is correspondingly formed below the material collector; the combustor is arranged on the multi-position adjusting frame and connected with the gas tank through a hose. The real natural scene is restored as far as possible by simulating different wind speeds, temperature and humidity and gradient conditions in the nature, a solid and reliable data basis is provided for subsequent forest fire risk assessment and ecological system research, and decision making in professional fields is powerfully supported.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant flammability testing, and in particular to a device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments. Background Art

[0002] Dead branches and litter are one of the most important fuels for forest fires. Compared with the living branches and leaves of plants, dead branches have less water content and are more easily ignited. In addition, the combustion performance of dead branches and litter is affected by wind speed, ambient temperature and humidity, and heat radiation from the fire source. There are few flammability test devices related to this in the prior art. Therefore, a device is designed to simulate the flammability of forest litter in different environments, so as to simulate the situations that may occur in reality as much as possible and better evaluate the flammability of litter in specific areas. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for simulating the flammability of forest litter in different environments. The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0004] The present invention provides a device for simulating the flammability of forest litter in different environments, comprising a combustion chamber and a control observation chamber, wherein a glass partition is provided between the combustion chamber and the control observation chamber, and wherein a sensor assembly, a video camera, an air conditioner, a humidifier, a fireproof cover and a burner are provided in the combustion chamber;

[0005] A smoke exhaust channel is provided on the top of the fireproof cover, the upper end of which passes through the combustion chamber, a collector for holding dead branches is provided below the fireproof cover, the collector is connected to the fireproof cover through a plurality of steel wire ropes, and a water tank is provided correspondingly below the collector;

[0006] The burner is arranged on a multi-position adjustment frame and is connected to a gas tank through a hose.

[0007] Preferably, a fireproof layer is provided on the bottom surface of the fireproof cover and the inner wall of the smoke exhaust passage.

[0008] Preferably, spray pipes are arranged around the water tank, the spray pipes are connected to a water supply system, and the spray pipes are provided with water spray heads facing the collector.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-position adjustment frame includes a sleeve and a support column, the support column is located below the water tank, the sleeve is rotatably connected to the support column, a horizontal telescopic frame is fixed to the outer wall of the sleeve, a universal roller and a vertical telescopic frame are provided at the telescopic end of the horizontal telescopic frame, the universal roller is rollingly matched with the bottom surface of the combustion chamber, the vertical telescopic frame is arranged vertically upward, a pitch drive seat is provided at the top of the vertical telescopic frame, and the burner is provided on the pitch drive seat.

[0010] Preferably, a driven gear is sleeved on the sleeve, a driving gear is meshed on one side of the driven gear, and the driving gear is mounted on the third driving motor;

[0011] The pitch drive seat includes a first drive motor, a seat plate is arranged on the rotating shaft of the first drive motor, and the burner is arranged on the seat plate.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the water tank is fixed to the upper end of the supporting column.

[0013] Preferably, a winding device is provided on the top of the fireproof cover, and the winding device is wound and connected with the steel wire rope.

[0014] Preferably, the winding device comprises a reel, one end of which is connected to the second driving motor, and the steel wire rope is wound around the reel.

[0015] Preferably, the sensor assembly includes a temperature and humidity sensor and an infrared temperature sensor.

[0016] Preferably, the material collector is a mesh basket or a support plate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The present invention simulates different wind speeds, temperature, humidity and slope conditions in nature to restore the real natural scenes as much as possible and replicate the variability of the wild environment to the greatest extent. This allows researchers to obtain the combustion characteristics data of litter under various natural conditions, providing a solid and reliable data foundation for subsequent forest fire risk assessments and ecosystem research, and strongly supporting decision-making in professional fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the material collector and the fireproof cover through a steel wire rope in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-position adjustment frame in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the device for simulating the flammability of forest litter in different environments in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a winding device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the suspended state of the material collector in the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. combustion chamber; 2. control observation room; 3. glass partition; 4. air conditioner; 5. humidifier; 6. fire hood; 7. burner; 8. smoke exhaust channel; 9. collector; 10. wire rope; 11. water tank; 12. multi-position adjustment frame; 1201. sleeve; 1202. horizontal telescopic frame; 1203. universal roller; 1204. vertical telescopic frame; 1205. pitch drive seat; 1205-1. first drive motor; 1205-2. seat plate; 1206. support column; 1207. driven gear; 1208. driving gear; 1209. third drive motor; 13. spray pipe; 14. sprinkler head; 15. winding device; 1501. reel; 1502. second drive motor; 16. door opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a device for simulating the flammability of forest litter in different environments is disclosed, including a combustion chamber 1 and a control observation room 2, a glass partition 3 is arranged between the combustion chamber 1 and the control observation room 2, and a sensor assembly, a video camera, an air conditioner 4, a humidifier 5, a fireproof cover 6 and a burner 7 are arranged in the combustion chamber 1. Among them, the sensor assembly mainly includes a temperature and humidity sensor and an infrared temperature sensor, the sensor assembly and the video camera are installed and fixed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber 1, and the sensor assembly and the video camera are connected to the controller of the control observation room 2 through a data cable, and the controller can be a desktop computer, and the host of the desktop computer is provided with a corresponding data interface.

[0031] A smoke exhaust passage 8 is arranged on the top of the fireproof cover 6, and a fireproof layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the fireproof cover 6 and the inner wall of the smoke exhaust passage 8. The upper end of the smoke exhaust passage 8 passes through the combustion chamber 1, and a collector 9 for holding dead branches is arranged under the fireproof cover 6. The collector 9 is connected to the fireproof cover 6 by a plurality of steel ropes 10.

[0032] A water tank 11 is provided below the collector 9, and the ashes from the burning dead branches in the collector 9 can fall into the water tank 11 below. Sprinkler pipes 13 are provided around the water tank 11, and the sprinkler pipes 13 are connected to the water supply system. A water spray head 14 is provided on the sprinkler pipes 13 facing the collector 9. After the experiment is completed, the burning materials in the collector 9 are extinguished by spraying.

[0033] The burner 7 is arranged on a multi-position adjustment frame 12, and the adjustment frame 12 can adjust the position of the burner 7, and the burner 7 is connected to the gas tank through a hose. The burner 7 is equipped with an igniter, which can ignite the combustion gas to form a fire source.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the multi-position adjustment frame 12 includes a sleeve 1201 and a support column 1206, the support column 1206 is located below the water tank 11, the lower end of the support column 1206 is fixed on the ground of the combustion chamber 1, the sleeve 1201 is rotatably connected to the support column 1206 through a bearing assembly, a horizontal telescopic frame 1202 is fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve 1201, the telescopic end of the horizontal telescopic frame 1202 is provided with a universal roller 1203 and a vertical telescopic frame 1204, the universal roller 1203 is in rolling cooperation with the bottom surface of the combustion chamber 1, the vertical telescopic frame 1204 is arranged vertically upward, the top of the vertical telescopic frame 1204 is provided with a pitch drive seat 1205, and the burner 7 is arranged on the pitch drive seat 1205.

[0035] Among them, the horizontal telescopic frame 1202 has the same structure as the vertical telescopic frame 1204, and both are composed of an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve. The inner sleeve is slidably connected in the outer sleeve, and an electric cylinder is also arranged in the outer sleeve to drive the inner sleeve to extend and retract.

[0036] In this embodiment, a driven gear 1207 is mounted on the sleeve 1201, and the driven gear 1207 is located below the horizontal telescopic frame 1202. A driving gear 1208 is meshed on one side of the driven gear 1207, and the driving gear 1208 is mounted on the third driving motor 1209; the third driving motor 1209 is mounted and fixed on the support column 1206. The third driving motor 1209 drives the entire multi-position adjustment frame 12 to rotate through the gear structure.

[0037] In this embodiment, the pitch drive seat 1205 includes a first drive motor 1205-1, which is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the vertical telescopic frame 1204. A seat plate 1205-2 is arranged on the rotation axis of the first drive motor 1205-1, and the burner 7 is fixed on the seat plate 1205-2. The first drive motor 1205-1 drives the seat plate 1205-2 to rotate and adjust the pitch angle of the burner 7. A fireproof layer is arranged on the outer side of the first drive motor 1205-1 to prevent the fire source from damaging the motor.

[0038] In this embodiment, the bottom of the water tank 11 is fixed to the upper end of the support column 1206 .

[0039] In this embodiment, the material collector 9 is a mesh basket.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the combustion chamber 1 and the control observation room 2 are converted from containers, and the outer walls of the containers corresponding to the combustion chamber 1 and the control observation room 2 are both provided with doors 16.

[0041] The operating principle of the present invention is as follows: the winding device 15 lifts the collector 9, and then the burner 7 has its own igniter to ignite the combustion gas to form a fire source, and the ashes of the burning dead branches in the collector 9 can fall into the water tank 11 below.

[0042] The air outlet temperature and air volume of the air conditioner 4 can be adjusted by the air conditioner remote controller, the air humidity in the combustion chamber 1 can be adjusted by operating the humidifier 5, and the fire source position and direction can be adjusted by operating the multi-position adjustment frame 12. The combustion conditions, environmental conditions, and combustion temperature in the combustion chamber 1 can be monitored and recorded in real time by the video camera and sensor components, so as to better understand the combustion process of the litter later.

[0043] When the dead branches in the collector 9 are completely burned, the sprinkler head 14 extinguishes the burning materials in the collector 9 by spraying; in addition, after the reeling device 15 puts down the collector 9, the collector 9 can also be placed in the water tank 11, and the water in the water tank 11 extinguishes the burning ashes and carbon fire.

[0044] It should be noted that an exhaust fan and an air inlet are provided on the outer wall of the container corresponding to the combustion chamber 1 so as to ventilate the combustion chamber 1 .

[0045] Embodiment 2

[0046] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, a winding device 15 is also provided on the top of the fireproof cover 6, and the winding device 15 is wound and connected with the steel wire rope 10. The winding device 15 adjusts the length of the steel wire rope 10 to adjust the slope of the collector 9 so as to simulate the burning of dead branches under different slopes.

[0047] In this embodiment, the winding device 15 includes a reel 1501, both ends of which are connected to the top of the fireproof cover 6 through axle seats, one end of the reel 1501 is connected to the second drive motor 1502, and the steel wire rope 10 is wound on the reel 15. The fireproof cover 6 is provided with a through hole for the steel wire rope 10 to pass through. The rest of the structure in this embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment.

[0048] Embodiment 3

[0049] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the collector 9 is a support plate, which is provided with small holes, and the dead branches can be fixed in the small holes by wires. At the same time, the four sides of the support plate are provided with upturned retaining edges for blocking ashes. The four corners of the support plate are provided with openings connected and fixed with steel wire ropes 10. The slope of the support plate can be adjusted by adjusting the length of each steel wire rope 10, so as to simulate the burning of dead branches under different slopes.

[0050] The rest of the structure in this embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment.

[0051] The present invention can highly restore the real natural scene and reproduce the variability of the outdoor environment to the greatest extent by simulating different wind speeds, temperature, humidity and slope conditions in nature. This allows researchers to obtain the combustion characteristics data of litter under various natural conditions. Compared with traditional single environment measurements or rough estimates, the accuracy of the measurement results is greatly improved, providing a solid and reliable data foundation for subsequent forest fire risk assessment and ecosystem research, and strongly supporting decision-making in professional fields.

[0052] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments, characterized in that: The invention comprises a combustion chamber (1) and a control observation chamber (2), wherein a glass partition (3) is arranged between the combustion chamber (1) and the control observation chamber (2), and wherein a sensor component, a video camera, an air conditioner (4), a humidifier (5), a fireproof cover (6) and a burner (7) are arranged in the combustion chamber (1); A smoke exhaust passage (8) is arranged on the top of the fireproof cover (6), the upper end of the smoke exhaust passage (8) passes through the combustion chamber (1), a collector (9) for holding dead branches is arranged below the fireproof cover (6), the collector (9) is connected to the fireproof cover (6) through a plurality of steel wire ropes (10), and a water tank (11) is arranged correspondingly below the collector (9); The burner (7) is arranged on a multi-position adjustment frame (12), and the burner (7) is connected to a gas tank via a hose.

2. The device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fireproof layer is provided on the bottom surface of the fireproof cover (6) and the inner wall of the smoke exhaust passage (8).

3. The device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spray pipes (13) are arranged around the water tank (11), the spray pipes (13) are connected to a water supply system, and a water spray head (14) facing the collector (9) is arranged on the spray pipe (13).

4. The device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-position adjustment frame (12) comprises a sleeve (1201) and a support column (1206), wherein the support column (1206) is located below the water tank (11), and the sleeve (1201) is rotatably connected to the support column (1206). A horizontal telescopic frame (1202) is fixed to the outer wall of the sleeve (1201), and a universal roller (1203) and a vertical telescopic frame (1204) are provided at the telescopic end of the horizontal telescopic frame (1202), and the universal roller (1203) is in rolling cooperation with the bottom surface of the combustion chamber (1), and the vertical telescopic frame (1204) is arranged vertically upward, and a pitch drive seat (1205) is provided at the top of the vertical telescopic frame (1204), and the burner (7) is provided on the pitch drive seat (1205).

5. The device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments according to claim 4, characterized in that: A driven gear (1207) is sleeved on the sleeve (1201), a driving gear (1208) is meshed on one side of the driven gear (1207), and the driving gear (1208) is mounted on a third driving motor (1209); The pitch drive seat (1205) comprises a first drive motor (1205-1), a seat plate (1205-2) is arranged on the rotation shaft of the first drive motor (1205-1), and the burner (7) is arranged on the seat plate (1205-2).

6. The device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the water tank (11) is fixed to the upper end of the support column (1206).

7. The device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: A winding device (15) is provided on the top of the fireproof cover (6), and the winding device (15) is wound and connected with the steel wire rope (10).

8. The device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments according to claim 7, characterized in that: The winding device (15) comprises a reel (1501), one end of which is connected to a second driving motor (1502) by power, and the steel wire rope (10) is wound around the reel (15).

9. The device for simulating the flammability of forest litter under different environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor assembly includes a temperature and humidity sensor and an infrared temperature sensor.

10. The device for simulating the flammability of forest litter in different environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material collector (9) is a mesh basket or a support plate.

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