Low-cost soil health rapid monitoring method and system suitable for forest region

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost soil health rapid monitoring method and system suitable for a forest region, and relates to the technical field of soil monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the division of a soil monitoring region according to the area of the forest region and three characteristic factors, and building a soil health monitoring index to evaluate the health degree of soil; according to the method, the soil monitoring areas are divided, the dynamic soil monitoring sampling places are established according to the monitoring areas, the sampling points at different distances are set for soil monitoring, and the health indexes are evaluated according to the soil health monitoring indexes of the monitoring areas, so that the soil health is comprehensively evaluated, and the evaluation of the soil health condition is more objective and accurate; soil health state grade identification is carried out, real-time change observation can be carried out on soil indexes, the soil change trend can be found in time, and the real soil condition of each area can be reflected more accurately, so that targeted monitoring is carried out, and the purpose of conveniently and rapidly monitoring soil sampling is achieved by reducing sampling sites.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of soil monitoring technology, and in particular to a low-cost soil health rapid monitoring method and system suitable for forest areas. Background Art

[0002] With the deepening of the concept of forestry resource protection and sustainable development, accurate monitoring of the health of forest soil has become particularly important. As an important part of the forest ecosystem, the health of soil is directly related to the growth of trees, the stability of the ecosystem and the maintenance of biodiversity. Healthy soil is the basis for the good operation of the forest ecosystem and can provide the necessary nutrients, water and suitable physical and chemical environment for the growth of trees. Through the rapid detection of soil acidity (pH value), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, test strips and test kits, after the soil sample reacts with specific reagents, the color change of the test strip is compared with the standard color card, and the soil acidity or the content range of a certain nutrient can be roughly determined within a few minutes. Regular sampling and identification of soil substances can achieve soil health monitoring;

[0003] When soil monitoring technology is applied to forest areas and soil is monitored through sampling, due to the vast area and complex topography of forest areas, the traditional uniform sampling method not only has a huge workload, but also fails to fully consider the differences in soil properties in different areas of the forest area, resulting in unrepresentative sampling and inaccurate monitoring results. The soil health status changes dynamically over time, and the key nodes where major changes in soil health status may be missed, resulting in poor soil health monitoring results;

[0004] In view of the above technical defects, a solution is now proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to construct soil health indicators through sampling in forest areas, monitor the soil in real time for accurate assessment, select indicators that need to be monitored based on the soil health assessment coefficient, and rationalize targeted monitoring of the soil.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a low-cost soil health rapid monitoring method and system suitable for forest areas, including the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Obtain the overall forest area to be monitored, and divide the soil monitoring area into fast-changing soil areas, slow-changing soil areas, and relatively stable soil areas based on the three characteristic factors of soil change time, soil change trend, and soil change rate within the forest area, and establish dynamic soil monitoring sampling sites for each monitoring area;

[0008] Step 2: Based on the soil information initially obtained in each monitoring area, combined with natural standard soil indicators, establish soil health monitoring indicators to evaluate the health of the soil. Soil health monitoring indicators include soil texture, soil pH, and soil microbial indicators;

[0009] Step 3: Monitor the soil health of each monitoring area, evaluate the health index according to the soil health monitoring index of the monitoring area, obtain the soil health index evaluation coefficient, identify the soil health status level according to the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and generate a soil monitoring signal;

[0010] Step 4: Take the three times of soil monitoring and sampling as the monitoring cycle, mark the monitored soil monitoring time, obtain the degree of change of each soil health indicator within a monitoring cycle, calculate the change rate of the health indicator, and obtain the change data set during the soil monitoring process;

[0011] Step 5: Obtain the change data set during the soil monitoring process, generate a soil monitoring result sheet based on the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and output it to the soil monitoring management terminal.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 1, the soil monitoring area division is carried out based on three characteristic factors, which specifically include the following:

[0013] S001. Analyze soil data based on the overall forest area information and soil data from different time periods to analyze soil change time, change trend and change rate;

[0014] S002. Obtain the soil change time within a period of time, and analyze and count the historical monitoring data according to the change time, and obtain the change of the monitoring data as a decrease and an increase, and obtain the specific data value and specific time period of the soil change according to the initial monitoring data and the latest monitoring data, and analyze according to the specific data value to obtain the change rate within the time period;

[0015] S003. The location of each sampling point is specifically marked within the forest area, and the occupied area of ​​each sampling point is obtained according to the location of the sampling point. The forest area is divided according to the occupied area and the change rate into the soil rapid change area, slow change area, and relatively stable area.

[0016] Furthermore, dynamic soil monitoring sampling sites are established for each monitoring area, including the following:

[0017] S100, according to the specific area information of the monitoring area, the monitoring sampling points within each monitoring area are preset as detection nodes, the monitoring coordinates are set, the sampling points within the monitoring area are obtained, the highest A and the lowest difference B of a soil characteristic data value in the soil monitoring data are obtained, and the distance between the two is calculated, and the influence distance between the two is calculated according to the coordinates (X1, Y1) and (X2, Y2) between the two points

[0018] S102, obtaining the difference value a between the highest A and the lowest B of the monitoring data in the monitoring area, and calculating the impact distance G according to the difference value:

[0019] S103, when setting sampling points in the soil rapid change area, the distance between the two adjacent monitoring sampling points of the previously set sampling point is calculated, and the monitoring point that is greater than the influence distance G is set as a new monitoring point;

[0020] When setting the sampling points in the slowly changing area, the distance between the two adjacent monitoring sampling points of the previously set sampling point is calculated, and the monitoring point with G≤position distance≤G+g is set as the new monitoring point, where g is the set increase distance value;

[0021] When setting sampling points in the relatively stable area, the distance between the two adjacent monitoring sampling points of the previously set sampling point is calculated, and the monitoring point with G+g≤position distance is set as the new monitoring point.

[0022] Furthermore, soil health monitoring indicators are established to evaluate the health of the soil as follows:

[0023] S200, obtaining the initial soil index characteristics monitored at the beginning of the forest area monitoring, classifying the index characteristics according to the material properties, and obtaining the soil index data set;

[0024] S201, performing data comparison based on various soil index data sets and natural standard soil indexes to obtain a compared soil index set;

[0025] S202. Select three specific representative soil health indicators based on the soil indicator set, generate initial soil health indicator values, and establish soil health monitoring indicators.

[0026] Furthermore, the soil health index evaluation coefficients are obtained as follows:

[0027] S300, assigning soil health index weights to various soil health indexes, and performing standardization processing on the collected soil index data to obtain processed index data;

[0028] S301. Combine the index data with the soil health index weight to perform soil health assessment calculation to obtain the index assessment coefficient S. The specific calculation is:

[0029]

[0030] Index evaluation coefficient S: S = S1 + S2 + S3, where x i , a i , p i is the weight of the i-th indicator, X i , A i , P i is the i-th standardized health indicator data value, i = {1, 2, 3, ..., r}, r is the total number of indicators;

[0031] S302. Classify the soil health status according to the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and classify it into different levels of health status. When s≥R1, it is classified as a healthy state; when R1≥s≥R2, it is classified as a sub-healthy state; when R2 is less than s, it is classified as an unhealthy state.

[0032] Further, generating a soil monitoring signal specifically includes the following steps:

[0033] S400, obtaining initial soil health index values ​​of the three soils, and setting reasonable warning thresholds and monitoring thresholds according to the soil health index values ​​and the soil health monitoring index values ​​set according to natural standards;

[0034] S401, obtaining a real-time health index value of the soil to determine a warning threshold value, and when the real-time health index value is greater than the warning threshold value, marking the health index as healthy;

[0035] S402: When the real-time health index value is greater than the warning threshold and less than the monitoring threshold, a health index monitoring signal is generated and sent to the soil monitoring management end; when the real-time health index value is less than the warning threshold, a warning monitoring signal is generated and sent to the soil monitoring management end.

[0036] Furthermore, the calculation of the change rate of the health indicator specifically includes the following:

[0037] S500, obtaining each health indicator data value within a monitoring period, arranging each health indicator in sequence according to time, and obtaining a health indicator data arrangement set;

[0038] S501. According to the health indicator data arrangement set, the interval change time and interval change difference value of each health indicator are counted, and the soil change rate L of each interval time is calculated. The calculation process is as follows:

[0039] Assume that the health index data series is H = {h1, h2, h3, ..., hn}, and the corresponding time series is T = {t1, t2, t3, ..., tn},

[0040] Get the interval change time, the i-th interval change time T i =t i+1 -t i , where i = 1, 2, ..., n-1;

[0041] Get the interval change difference value H i , the difference value of the i-th interval change H i =h i+1 -h i , where i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, where n is the total number of data points in the sequence;

[0042] Rate of change The above calculations are performed on each health indicator data to obtain the change rate set L1, L2, L3 of each health indicator, and the overall statistical arrangement is performed to obtain the change data set during the soil monitoring process.

[0043] Furthermore, the generation of soil monitoring result sheet specifically includes the following:

[0044] S600, obtaining a data set of changes in the soil monitoring process, and performing monitoring arrangement according to the soil health index evaluation coefficient;

[0045] S601. Calculate the monitoring coefficient of each soil health indicator using the change rate L1, L2, L3 according to the following formula:

[0046] α is the impact factor set, K 1 , K 2 , K 3 For the monitoring system of health indicators, S i is the evaluation coefficient of the ith health indicator;

[0047] S602: Acquire the health indicator monitoring coefficients in the health indicator data set, arrange them in order according to the size of the health indicator monitoring coefficients, and obtain an arranged soil health indicator monitoring result sheet.

[0048] A low-cost rapid soil health monitoring system suitable for forest areas, comprising a forest area division module, a health indicator construction module, a soil assessment module, a soil analysis module, and a soil monitoring module;

[0049] The forest area division module is used to obtain the overall forest area to be monitored. The soil monitoring area is divided into a fast-changing soil area, a slow-changing soil area, and a relatively stable soil area based on three characteristic factors: soil change time, soil change trend, and soil change rate within the forest area. A dynamic soil monitoring sampling site is established for each monitoring area.

[0050] The health indicator construction module establishes soil health monitoring indicators to evaluate the health of the soil based on the soil information of each monitoring area initially obtained and combined with natural standard soil indicators. The soil health monitoring indicators include soil texture, soil pH, and soil microbial indicators.

[0051] The soil assessment module monitors the soil health of each monitoring area, conducts health index assessment based on the soil health monitoring index of the monitoring area, obtains the soil health index assessment coefficient, and identifies the soil health status level based on the soil health index assessment coefficient to generate a soil monitoring signal;

[0052] The soil analysis module obtains three times of soil monitoring sampling as the monitoring cycle, marks the monitoring time of the monitored soil, obtains the degree of change of each soil health indicator within a monitoring cycle, calculates the change rate of the health indicator, and obtains the change data set during the soil monitoring process;

[0053] The soil monitoring module obtains the change data set during the soil monitoring process, generates a soil monitoring result sheet based on the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and outputs it to the soil monitoring management end.

[0054] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0055] The low-cost soil health rapid monitoring method and system suitable for forest areas divides soil monitoring areas, establishes dynamic soil monitoring sampling sites according to each monitoring area, sets sampling points at different distances for soil monitoring, conducts health index assessment according to soil health monitoring indicators in the monitoring area, comprehensively assesses soil health, and makes the assessment of soil health status more objective and accurate. According to the soil health index assessment coefficient, the soil health status level is identified to generate soil monitoring signals. According to the degree of change of each soil health index, the change rate of the health index is calculated, and the soil index can be observed in real time to discover soil change trends in time, and the real soil conditions of each area can be reflected more accurately, so as to conduct targeted monitoring, and the sampling can be reduced to achieve the purpose of convenient and rapid monitoring of soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the method flow structure of the present invention is shown;

[0057] Figure 2 The overall structure diagram of the system of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] Embodiment 1:

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, a low-cost rapid soil health monitoring method suitable for forest areas includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Obtain the overall forest area to be monitored, and divide the soil monitoring area into fast-changing soil areas, slow-changing soil areas, and relatively stable soil areas based on the three characteristic factors of soil change time, soil change trend, and soil change rate within the forest area, and establish dynamic soil monitoring sampling sites for each monitoring area;

[0062] Step 2: Based on the soil information initially obtained in each monitoring area, combined with natural standard soil indicators, establish soil health monitoring indicators to evaluate the health of the soil. Soil health monitoring indicators include soil texture, soil pH, and soil microbial indicators;

[0063] Step 3: Monitor the soil health of each monitoring area, evaluate the health index according to the soil health monitoring index of the monitoring area, obtain the soil health index evaluation coefficient, identify the soil health status level according to the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and generate a soil monitoring signal;

[0064] Step 4: Take the three times of soil monitoring and sampling as the monitoring cycle, mark the monitored soil monitoring time, obtain the degree of change of each soil health indicator within a monitoring cycle, calculate the change rate of the health indicator, and obtain the change data set during the soil monitoring process;

[0065] Step 5: Obtain the change data set during the soil monitoring process, generate a soil monitoring result sheet based on the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and output it to the soil monitoring management terminal.

[0066] In step 1, the soil monitoring area is divided according to three characteristic factors, including the following:

[0067] S001. S001. Based on the historical regional sample data obtained from the sampling points of the overall forest area, the soil data of different time periods are analyzed to analyze the three characteristic factors of soil change time, change trend and change rate;

[0068] S002. Obtain the soil change time within a period of time, and analyze and count the historical monitoring data according to the change time, and obtain the change of the monitoring data as a decrease and an increase, and obtain the specific data value and specific time period of the soil change according to the initial monitoring data and the latest monitoring data, and analyze according to the specific data value to obtain the change rate within the time period;

[0069] S003. The location of each sampling point is specifically marked within the forest area, and the occupied area of ​​each sampling point is obtained according to the location of the sampling point. The forest area is divided according to the occupied area and the size of the change rate into a rapid soil change area, a slow change area, and a relatively stable area.

[0070] Dynamic soil monitoring sampling sites are established in each monitoring area, including the following:

[0071] S100, according to the specific area information of the monitoring area, the monitoring sampling points within each monitoring area are preset as detection nodes, the monitoring coordinates are set, the sampling points within the monitoring area are obtained, the highest A and the lowest difference B of a soil characteristic data value in the soil monitoring data are obtained, and the distance between the two is calculated, and the influence distance between the two is calculated according to the coordinates (X1, Y1) and (X2, Y2) between the two points

[0072] S102, obtaining the difference value a between the highest A and the lowest B of the monitoring data in the monitoring area, and calculating the impact distance G according to the difference value:

[0073] S103, when setting sampling points in the soil rapid change area, the distance between the two adjacent monitoring sampling points of the previously set sampling point is calculated, and the monitoring point that is greater than the influence distance G is set as a new monitoring point;

[0074] When setting the sampling points in the slowly changing area, the distance between the two adjacent monitoring sampling points of the previously set sampling point is calculated, and the monitoring point with G≤position distance≤G+g is set as the new monitoring point, where g is the set increase distance value;

[0075] When setting sampling points in the relatively stable area, the distance between the two adjacent monitoring sampling points of the previously set sampling point is calculated, and the monitoring point with G+g≤location distance is set as the new monitoring point;

[0076] Setting fewer sampling points can achieve the goal of rapid monitoring of soil health while achieving the goal of monitoring the forest area. Fewer sampling points do not require a large amount of manpower to operate and manage.

[0077] The soil health monitoring indicators are established to evaluate the health of the soil as follows:

[0078] S200, obtaining the initial soil index characteristics monitored at the beginning of the forest area monitoring, classifying the index characteristics according to the material properties, and obtaining the soil index data set;

[0079] S201, performing data comparison based on various soil index data sets and natural standard soil indexes to obtain a compared soil index set;

[0080] S202. Select three specific representative soil health indicators based on the soil indicator set, generate initial soil health indicator values, and establish soil health monitoring indicators.

[0081] The soil health index evaluation coefficients are as follows:

[0082] S300, assigning soil health index weights to various soil health indexes, and performing standardization processing on the collected soil index data to obtain processed index data;

[0083] S301. Combine the index data with the soil health index weight to perform soil health assessment calculation to obtain the index assessment coefficient S. The specific calculation is:

[0084]

[0085] Index evaluation coefficient S: S = S1 + S2 + S3, where x i , a i , p i is the weight of the i-th indicator, X i , A i , P i is the i-th standardized health indicator data value, i = {1, 2, 3, ..., r}, r is the total number of indicators;

[0086] S302, classifying soil health status according to soil health index evaluation coefficients into different levels of health status, when s≥R1, it is classified as a healthy state, R1≥s≥R2, it is classified as a sub-healthy state, and R2 is less than s, it is classified as an unhealthy state;

[0087] By displaying healthy and unhealthy states, it can provide a clear and intuitive assessment of soil health.

[0088] The specific steps to generate soil monitoring signals include:

[0089] S400, obtaining initial soil health index values ​​of the three soils, and setting reasonable warning thresholds and monitoring thresholds according to the soil health index values ​​and the soil health monitoring index values ​​set according to natural standards;

[0090] S401, obtaining a real-time health index value of the soil to determine a warning threshold value, and when the real-time health index value is greater than the warning threshold value, marking the health index as healthy;

[0091] S402: When the real-time health index value is greater than the warning threshold and less than the monitoring threshold, a health index monitoring signal is generated and sent to the soil monitoring management end; when the real-time health index value is less than the warning threshold, a warning monitoring signal is generated and sent to the soil monitoring management end;

[0092] The system immediately sends an early warning message to relevant managers, informing them that a certain element may be insufficient in the area and recommending soil monitoring and sampling as soon as possible;

[0093] For example, soil physical indicators, soil chemical indicators, and soil biological indicators are selected to reflect the health status of the soil based on the characteristics of the soil.

[0094] The specific calculation of the change rate of health indicators includes the following:

[0095] S500, obtaining each health indicator data value within a monitoring period, arranging each health indicator in sequence according to time, and obtaining a health indicator data arrangement set;

[0096] S501. According to the health indicator data arrangement set, the interval change time and interval change difference value of each health indicator are counted, and the soil change rate L of each interval time is calculated. The calculation process is as follows:

[0097] Assume that the health index data series is H = {h1, h2, h3, ..., hn}, and the corresponding time series is T = {t1, t2, t3, ..., tn},

[0098] Get the interval change time, the i-th interval change time T i =t i+1 -t i , where i = 1, 2, ..., n-1;

[0099] Get the interval change difference value H i , the difference value of the i-th interval change H i =h i+1 -h i , where i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, where n is the total number of data points in the sequence;

[0100] Rate of change The above calculations are performed on each health indicator data to obtain the change rate set L1, L2, L3 of each health indicator, and the overall statistical arrangement is performed to obtain the change data set during the soil monitoring process.

[0101] The generation of soil monitoring result sheet includes the following:

[0102] S600, obtaining a data set of changes in the soil monitoring process, and performing monitoring arrangement according to the soil health index evaluation coefficient;

[0103] S601. Calculate the monitoring coefficient of each soil health indicator using the change rate L1, L2, L3 according to the following formula:

[0104] α is the impact factor set, K 1 , K 2 , K 3 For the monitoring system of health indicators, S i is the evaluation coefficient of the ith health indicator;

[0105] S602: Acquire the health indicator monitoring coefficients in the health indicator data set, arrange them in order according to the size of the health indicator monitoring coefficients, and obtain an arranged soil health indicator monitoring result sheet.

[0106] Embodiment 2:

[0107] like Figure 2 As shown, a low-cost soil health rapid monitoring system suitable for forest areas includes a forest area division module, a health indicator construction module, a soil assessment module, a soil analysis module, and a soil monitoring module;

[0108] The forest area division module is used to obtain the overall forest area to be monitored. The soil monitoring area is divided into a fast-changing soil area, a slow-changing soil area, and a relatively stable soil area based on three characteristic factors: soil change time, soil change trend, and soil change rate within the forest area. A dynamic soil monitoring sampling site is established for each monitoring area.

[0109] The health indicator construction module establishes soil health monitoring indicators to evaluate the health of the soil based on the soil information of each monitoring area initially obtained and combined with natural standard soil indicators. The soil health monitoring indicators include soil texture, soil pH, and soil microbial indicators.

[0110] The soil assessment module monitors the soil health of each monitoring area, conducts health index assessment based on the soil health monitoring index of the monitoring area, obtains the soil health index assessment coefficient, and identifies the soil health status level based on the soil health index assessment coefficient to generate a soil monitoring signal;

[0111] The soil analysis module obtains three times of soil monitoring sampling as the monitoring cycle, marks the monitoring time of the monitored soil, obtains the degree of change of each soil health indicator within a monitoring cycle, calculates the change rate of the health indicator, and obtains the change data set during the soil monitoring process;

[0112] The soil monitoring module obtains the change data set during the soil monitoring process, generates a soil monitoring result sheet based on the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and outputs it to the soil monitoring management terminal;

[0113] The soil monitoring management terminal is used to manage and control the above modules.

[0114] The size of the interval and threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by technical personnel in this field for each group of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantized value.

[0115] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation to obtain the most recent real situation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0116] In the two embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and systems can be implemented in other ways; for example, the method embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed; another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, the indirect coupling or communication connection of the modules can be electrical, mechanical or other forms;

[0117] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-cost rapid soil health monitoring method suitable for forest areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Obtain the overall forest area to be monitored, and divide the soil monitoring area into fast-changing soil areas, slow-changing soil areas, and relatively stable soil areas based on the three characteristic factors of soil change time, soil change trend, and soil change rate within the forest area, and establish dynamic soil monitoring sampling sites for each monitoring area; Step 2: Based on the soil information initially obtained in each monitoring area, combined with natural standard soil indicators, establish soil health monitoring indicators to evaluate the health of the soil. Soil health monitoring indicators include soil texture, soil pH, and soil microbial indicators; Step 3: Monitor the soil health of each monitoring area, evaluate the health index according to the soil health monitoring index of the monitoring area, obtain the soil health index evaluation coefficient, identify the soil health status level according to the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and generate a soil monitoring signal; Step 4: Take the three times of soil monitoring and sampling as the monitoring cycle, mark the monitored soil monitoring time, obtain the degree of change of each soil health indicator within a monitoring cycle, calculate the change rate of the health indicator, and obtain the change data set during the soil monitoring process; Step 5: Obtain the change data set during the soil monitoring process, generate a soil monitoring result sheet based on the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and output it to the soil monitoring management end.

2. The low-cost rapid soil health monitoring method applicable to forest areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the soil monitoring area is divided according to three characteristic factors, including the following: S001. Based on the historical regional sample data obtained from the sampling points of the overall forest area, the soil data are analyzed through soil data of different time periods to analyze the three characteristic factors of soil change time, change trend and change rate; S002. Obtain the soil change time within a period of time, and analyze and count the historical monitoring data according to the change time, and obtain the change of the monitoring data as a decrease and an increase, and obtain the specific data value and specific time period of the soil change according to the initial monitoring data and the latest monitoring data, and analyze according to the specific data value to obtain the change rate within the time period; S003. The location of each sampling point is specifically marked within the forest area, and the occupied area of ​​each sampling point is obtained according to the location of the sampling point. The forest area is divided according to the occupied area and the size of the change rate into a rapid soil change area, a slow change area, and a relatively stable area.

3. The low-cost rapid soil health monitoring method applicable to forest areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Dynamic soil monitoring sampling sites are established in each monitoring area, including the following: S100, according to the specific area information of the monitoring area, the monitoring sampling points in each monitoring area are preset as detection nodes, the monitoring coordinates are set, the sampling points in the monitoring area are obtained, the highest A and the lowest difference B of a soil characteristic data value in the soil monitoring data are obtained, and the distance between the two is calculated, and the influence distance d between the two points is calculated according to the coordinates (X1, Y1) and (X2, Y2) between the two points, S102, obtaining the difference value a between the highest A and the lowest B of the monitoring data in the monitoring area, and calculating the impact distance G according to the difference value: S103, when setting sampling points in the soil rapid change area, the distance between the two adjacent monitoring sampling points of the previously set sampling point is calculated, and the monitoring point that is greater than the influence distance G is set as a new monitoring point; When setting the sampling points in the slowly changing area, the distance between the two adjacent monitoring sampling points of the previously set sampling point is calculated, and the monitoring point with G≤position distance≤G+g is set as the new monitoring point, where g is the set increase distance value; When setting sampling points in the relatively stable area, the distance between the two adjacent monitoring sampling points of the previously set sampling point is calculated, and the monitoring point with G+g≤position distance is set as the new monitoring point.

4. The low-cost rapid soil health monitoring method applicable to forest areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soil health monitoring indicators are established to evaluate the health of the soil as follows: S200, obtaining the initial soil index characteristics monitored at the beginning of the forest area monitoring, classifying the index characteristics according to the material properties, and obtaining the soil index data set; S201, performing data comparison based on various soil index data sets and natural standard soil indexes to obtain a compared soil index set; S202. Select three specific representative soil health indicators based on the soil indicator set, generate initial soil health indicator values, and establish soil health monitoring indicators.

5. The low-cost rapid soil health monitoring method applicable to forest areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soil health index evaluation coefficients are as follows: S300, assigning soil health index weights to various soil health indexes, and performing standardization processing on the collected soil index data to obtain processed index data; S301. Combine the index data with the soil health index weight to perform soil health assessment calculation to obtain the index assessment coefficient S. The specific calculation is: Index evaluation coefficient S: S = S1 + S2 + S3, where x i , a i , p i is the weight of the i-th indicator, X i , A i , P i is the i-th standardized health indicator data value, i = {1, 2, 3, ..., r}, r is the total number of indicators; S302. Classify the soil health status according to the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and classify it into different levels of health status. When s≥R1, it is classified as a healthy state; when R1≥s≥R2, it is classified as a sub-healthy state; when R2 is less than s, it is classified as an unhealthy state.

6. The low-cost rapid soil health monitoring method applicable to forest areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps to generate soil monitoring signals include: S400, obtaining initial soil health index values ​​of the three soils, and setting reasonable warning thresholds and monitoring thresholds according to the soil health index values ​​and the soil health monitoring index values ​​set according to natural standards; S401, obtaining a real-time health index value of the soil to determine a warning threshold value, and when the real-time health index value is greater than the warning threshold value, marking the health index as healthy; S402: When the real-time health index value is greater than the warning threshold and less than the monitoring threshold, a health index monitoring signal is generated and sent to the soil monitoring management terminal; When the real-time health indicator value is less than the warning threshold, a warning monitoring signal is generated and sent to the soil monitoring management end.

7. The low-cost soil health rapid monitoring method and system suitable for forest areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific calculation of the change rate of health indicators includes the following: S500, obtaining each health indicator data value within a monitoring period, arranging each health indicator in sequence according to time, and obtaining a health indicator data arrangement set; S501. According to the health indicator data arrangement set, the interval change time and interval change difference value of each health indicator are counted, and the soil change rate L of each interval time is calculated. The calculation process is as follows: Assume that the health index data series is H = {h1, h2, h3, ..., hn}, and the corresponding time series is T = {t1, t2, t3, ..., tn}, Get the interval change time, the i-th interval change time T i =t i+1 -t i , where i = 1, 2, ..., n-1; Get the interval change difference value H i , the difference value of the i-th interval change H i =h i+1 -h i , where i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, where n is the total number of data points in the sequence; Rate of change The above calculations are performed on each health indicator data to obtain the change rate set L1, L2, L3 of each health indicator, and the overall statistical arrangement is performed to obtain the change data set during the soil monitoring process.

8. The low-cost soil health rapid monitoring method and system applicable to forest areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The generation of soil monitoring result sheet includes the following: S600, obtaining a data set of changes in the soil monitoring process, and performing monitoring arrangement according to the soil health index evaluation coefficient; S601, calculate the monitoring coefficient of each health indicator of the soil according to the following formula based on the change rate of each health indicator L1, L2, L3: α is the set impact factor, K1, K2, K3 are the monitoring coefficients of health indicators, S i is the evaluation coefficient of the ith health indicator; S602: Acquire the health indicator monitoring coefficients in the health indicator data set, arrange them in order according to the size of the health indicator monitoring coefficients, and obtain an arranged soil health indicator monitoring result sheet.

9. A low-cost rapid soil health monitoring system suitable for forest areas, characterized in that: It includes forest area division module, health indicator construction module, soil assessment module, soil analysis module and soil monitoring module; The forest area division module is used to obtain the overall forest area to be monitored. The soil monitoring area is divided into three monitoring areas: vegetation area, general vegetation area and non-vegetation area, based on three characteristic factors: soil change time, soil change trend and soil change rate within the forest area. Dynamic soil monitoring sampling sites are established for each monitoring area. The health indicator construction module establishes soil health monitoring indicators to evaluate the health of the soil based on the soil information of each monitoring area initially obtained and combined with natural standard soil indicators. The soil health monitoring indicators include soil texture, soil pH, and soil microbial indicators. The soil assessment module monitors the soil health of each monitoring area, conducts health index assessment based on the soil health monitoring index of the monitoring area, obtains the soil health index assessment coefficient, and identifies the soil health status level based on the soil health index assessment coefficient to generate a soil monitoring signal; The soil analysis module obtains three times of soil monitoring sampling as the monitoring cycle, marks the monitoring time of the monitored soil, obtains the degree of change of each soil health indicator within a monitoring cycle, calculates the change rate of the health indicator, and obtains the change data set during the soil monitoring process; The soil monitoring module obtains the change data set during the soil monitoring process, generates a soil monitoring result sheet based on the soil health index evaluation coefficient, and outputs it to the soil monitoring management end.

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