Angle domain spectrum constraint seismic imaging method and device and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an angle domain spectrum constraint seismic imaging method and device and electronic equipment, and the method comprises the steps: solving an underground angle domain azimuth field angle imaging gather based on original seismic data; based on the local space-time variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient, performing optimization processing on the underground angle domain azimuth field angle imaging gather to remove invalid imaging point information; applying the local space-time variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient to a space angle domain azimuth gather to obtain an optimized omnibearing superposition result; and processing the imaging points in each line of the seismic data according to the above steps, and outputting a final imaging profile. The angle gather quality can be improved, and the imaging precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration data processing, and more specifically, relates to an angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging method, device and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the deepening of exploration and development of complex blocks, in order to obtain detailed geological structure information, the requirements for the accuracy of seismic data interpretation are getting higher and higher. The wave equation-based migration imaging technology can assist in obtaining high-quality imaging profiles for subsequent high-precision interpretation. However, in the imaging process, it is inevitably affected by various reasons such as velocity error, wave equation discrete accuracy and noise, which makes various types of noise interference exist in the imaging gathers. Therefore, the optimization imaging processing based on the angle domain azimuth angle gather can improve the gather quality and thus improve the imaging accuracy. At present, the pre-stack random noise removal method can be used to improve the gather quality, such as fk domain inclination filtering, fx domain prediction filtering, median filtering, etc., but these filtering methods have no directional characteristics, which can easily suppress the amplitude of the inclined phase axis, and also blur discontinuous structures such as small faults and cracks. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging method, device and electronic equipment to improve the quality of angle gathers and enhance imaging accuracy.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention proposes an angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging method, comprising:

[0005] Based on the original seismic data, obtain the underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers;

[0006] Based on the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather is optimized to remove invalid imaging point information;

[0007] The local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient is applied to the spatial angle domain azimuth gather to obtain the optimized full-scale stacking result;

[0008] The above steps are processed for the imaging points in each line of the seismic data to output the final imaging section.

[0009] Optionally, obtaining underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers includes:

[0010] Based on the original seismic data input, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gathers are obtained through the wave equation.

[0011] Optionally, based on the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient, the underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gather is optimized, including:

[0012] Calculate the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient of each imaging point in the sliding time window of the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather;

[0013] The energy spectrum stacking threshold is set, and the gathers with energy values ​​less than the threshold are regarded as invalid information and removed.

[0014] Optionally, the calculation formula of the local spatiotemporal variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient is:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, S(z,x) is the correlation coefficient of the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum in the sliding window N, ix is ​​the sampling point in the x direction of the window, iz is the sampling point in the z direction of the window, N x is the number of points in the x direction of the time window, N z is the number of points in the z direction of the time window, N = (-N i ,N i ) is the total length of the sliding window, and CIG(iz,ix) is the angle domain imaging gather.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0018] at least one processor; and,

[0019] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0020] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the angle domain spectral constrained seismic imaging method described in any one of the first aspects.

[0021] In a third aspect, the present invention proposes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions for causing a computer to execute any angle-domain spectrally constrained seismic imaging method described in the first aspect.

[0022] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging device, comprising:

[0023] Azimuth gather calculation module, used to obtain underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers based on original seismic data;

[0024] An optimization processing module is used to optimize the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather based on the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient to remove invalid imaging point information;

[0025] The stacking calculation module applies the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient to the spatial angle domain azimuth gather to obtain the optimized full-dimensional stacking result;

[0026] The imaging output module is used to process the imaging points in each line of the seismic data through the above modules and output the final imaging section.

[0027] Optionally, obtaining underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers includes:

[0028] Based on the original seismic data input, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gathers are obtained through the wave equation.

[0029] Optionally, based on the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient, the underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gather is optimized, including:

[0030] Calculate the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient of each imaging point in the sliding time window of the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather;

[0031] The energy spectrum stacking threshold is set, and the gathers with energy values ​​less than the threshold are regarded as invalid information and removed.

[0032] Optionally, the calculation formula of the local spatiotemporal variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient is:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, S(z,x) is the correlation coefficient of the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum in the sliding window N, ix is ​​the sampling point in the x direction of the window, iz is the sampling point in the z direction of the window, N x is the number of points in the x direction of the time window, N z is the number of points in the z direction of the time window, N = (-N i ,N i ) is the total length of the sliding window, and CIG(iz,ix) is the angle domain imaging gather.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] The present invention proposes an angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging method, which outputs underground angle domain azimuth angle domain gathers through a pre-stack depth angle domain imaging algorithm. Compared with conventional offset gathers, the angle domain gathers have fewer artifacts and a higher signal-to-noise ratio. At the same time, since they are output by underground calculations, they have good fidelity characteristics. By calculating the variable correlation coefficient of the angle domain imaging gathers in three-dimensional time and space, a filter function based on energy spectrum constraints is designed, and the angle domain gathers are optimized, thereby improving the quality of the angle gathers, thereby achieving the purpose of improving imaging accuracy. The present invention has important practical significance for promoting higher-precision seismic imaging.

[0037] The system of the present invention has other characteristics and advantages, which will be apparent from the drawings incorporated herein and the following detailed description, or will be described in detail in the drawings incorporated herein and the following detailed description, which together serve to explain the specific principles of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like components.

[0039] Figure 1 A step diagram of an angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging method according to the present invention is shown.

[0040] Figure 2 A flow chart of an angle domain spectral constrained seismic imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0041] Figure 3 The figure shows the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 Shows the Figure 3 A magnified display of the Zhongdao set.

[0043] Figure 5 The three-dimensional local spatiotemporal variation energy spectrum correlation coefficient is shown.

[0044] Figure 6 A conventional imaging section is shown.

[0045] Figure 7 An imaging cross section of the method of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging method, including:

[0049] S1: Based on the original seismic data, obtain the underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers;

[0050] This step is based on the original seismic data input and uses the wave equation to obtain the underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers.

[0051] S2: Based on the correlation coefficient of the local space-time variable energy spectrum, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gathers are optimized to remove invalid imaging point information;

[0052] This step includes: calculating the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient of each imaging point of the underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gather within the sliding time window;

[0053] Set the energy spectrum stacking threshold, and remove the gathers with energy values ​​less than the threshold as invalid information.

[0054] Among them, the calculation formula of the correlation coefficient of the local space-time variable energy spectrum is:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, S(z,x) is the correlation coefficient of the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum in the sliding window N, ix is ​​the sampling point in the x direction of the window, iz is the sampling point in the z direction of the window, N x is the number of points in the x direction of the time window, N z is the number of points in the z direction of the time window, N = (-N i ,N i ) is the total length of the sliding window, and CIG(iz,ix) is the angle domain imaging gather.

[0057] S3: Apply the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient to the spatial angle domain azimuth gather to obtain the optimized full-range stacking result;

[0058] S4: The above steps are processed for each imaging point in each line of the seismic data, and the final imaging profile is output.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] This embodiment provides an angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging method. The principle of this embodiment method is: based on the wave imaging theory, it can output underground azimuth angle domain imaging gathers. In seismic data processing, stacking is to sum multiple seismic data gathers to obtain a single seismic trace, so that the coherent signal is strengthened and the gather quality is improved. This method outputs underground angle domain azimuth angle domain gathers through the pre-stack depth angle domain imaging algorithm, calculates the variable correlation coefficient of the angle domain imaging gathers in three-dimensional space and time, designs a filter function based on energy spectrum constraints, improves the quality of angle gathers, and improves imaging accuracy.

[0061] The calculation of the wave field vector can be expressed as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Where: S(x,t) is the wave field vector; is the spatial derivative of the wave field; is the time derivative of the wave field.

[0064] After calculating the wave field propagation vector S at the source end s and the wave field propagation vector S at the receiver end r After that, the underground angle domain information can be calculated using the following formula:

[0065]

[0066] Where: θ s,r It is the angle between the incident wave and the reflected wave, that is, the reflection angle.

[0067] The reflected wave event axis in the angle domain gather has clear and continuous characteristics. Based on the energy distribution difference between the reflected wave and other component waves in the azimuth gather, the distribution characteristics of the reflected effective signal in three-dimensional space are obtained by constructing the following energy spectrum filter function, that is, the reflected wave energy coefficient is effectively extracted, and the imaging of underground structure information is realized based on the energy spectrum distribution. The expression of the energy spectrum filter function is:

[0068]

[0069] Where CIG(iz,ix) is the angle domain imaging gather. In order to analyze the local changes of signal similarity, it is necessary to convert the energy spectrum coefficient into a function of time and space variables. Therefore, S(z,x) is defined as the correlation coefficient within the sliding window N to measure the local similarity between signals. N = (-N i ,N i ) is the sliding window length.

[0070] The local energy spectrum coefficients characterize the three-dimensional distribution of the azimuth angle domain imaging gathers in space and the correlation characteristics between gathers. Based on this, the optimal superposition of adjacent imaging gathers can be achieved, thereby suppressing interference and improving imaging quality.

[0071] This method first realizes the output of underground azimuth imaging gathers based on wave theory, and obtains the time-space-varying local correlation coefficient of each imaging point based on the energy spectrum distribution of the azimuth angle gathers in three-dimensional space. The correlation coefficient is used as a constraint. When the energy value is less than a set value, it is considered that the energy of the gather is very weak or not useful information, that is, it does not participate in the superposition of all-round gathers. The larger the energy spectrum coefficient, the greater the imaging contribution to the imaging point, thereby improving the angle domain imaging accuracy.

[0072] like Figure 2 As shown, the specific implementation steps of this method are:

[0073] Step 1: Based on the original data input, the subsurface angle domain azimuth imaging gathers are obtained by using the wave equation;

[0074] Step 2: Calculate the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum correlation coefficient of each imaging point within the sliding window;

[0075] Step 3: Set the energy spectrum superposition threshold. Information below this threshold will not be considered valid information:

[0076] Step 4: Apply the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient to the spatial angle domain azimuth gather to obtain the optimized full-range stacking result;

[0077] Step 5: Perform steps 1 to 4 on each imaging point in each line and output the final imaging section.

[0078] In an example, the effectiveness and adaptability of the energy spectrum constraint algorithm based on angle gathers in this method were verified by processing actual data, which effectively improved the omnidirectional imaging accuracy of angle gathers.

[0079] Figure 3 is the azimuth angle gather based on wave theory, Figure 4 is a local amplification of the gather, which has a high signal-to-noise ratio. The correlation constraint coefficient of the imaging point in three-dimensional space obtained based on the calculation method of the local energy spectrum of the space time window is as follows: Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the results show that the coefficient has the characteristics of time and space variation, which describes the different contributions of different spatial azimuth gathers to omnidirectional imaging. The imaging results obtained based on the local time and space variation energy spectrum correlation coefficient are as follows: Figure 7 Compared with the conventional imaging results, Figure 6 , with better imaging results and continuity, the imaging profile obtained by the present invention has a higher signal-to-noise ratio, the structural imaging is clearer, the noise interference in the profile is suppressed, and the profile imaging quality is improved.

[0080] The actual seismic data processing results show that by calculating the variable correlation coefficient of the angle domain imaging gathers in three-dimensional space and time, designing a filter function based on energy spectrum constraints, and optimizing the angle domain gathers, the quality of the angle gathers is improved, thereby achieving the purpose of improving imaging accuracy.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] This embodiment provides an angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging device, comprising:

[0083] Azimuth gather calculation module, used to obtain underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers based on original seismic data;

[0084] An optimization processing module is used to optimize the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather based on the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient to remove invalid imaging point information;

[0085] The stacking calculation module applies the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient to the spatial angle domain azimuth gather to obtain the optimized full-dimensional stacking result;

[0086] The imaging output module is used to process the imaging points in each line of the seismic data through the above modules and output the final imaging section.

[0087] In this embodiment, obtaining the underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers includes:

[0088] Based on the original seismic data input, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gathers are obtained through the wave equation.

[0089] In this embodiment, based on the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum correlation coefficient, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather is optimized, including:

[0090] Calculate the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient of each imaging point in the sliding time window of the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather;

[0091] The energy spectrum stacking threshold is set, and the gathers with energy values ​​less than the threshold are regarded as invalid information and removed.

[0092] In this embodiment, the calculation formula of the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum correlation coefficient is:

[0093]

[0094] Among them, S(z,x) is the correlation coefficient of the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum in the sliding window N, ix is ​​the sampling point in the x direction of the window, iz is the sampling point in the z direction of the window, N x is the number of points in the x direction of the time window, N z is the number of points in the z direction of the time window, N = (-N i ,N i ) is the total length of the sliding window, and CIG(iz,ix) is the angle domain imaging gather.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] The present invention provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0097] at least one processor; and,

[0098] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0099] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can perform the angle domain spectral constrained seismic imaging method described in Example 1 or 2.

[0100] The electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor, and the memory is used to store non-temporary computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, and the computer program product may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include a random access memory (RAM) and / or a cache memory (cache), etc. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, a flash memory, etc.

[0101] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other forms of processing units having data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the processor is used to run the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0102] Those skilled in the art should be able to understand that in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience, the present embodiment may also include well-known structures such as a communication bus and an interface, and these well-known structures should also be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0103] For detailed description of this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding descriptions in the aforementioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0104] Example 5

[0105] This embodiment provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the angle domain spectral constrained seismic imaging method described in Example 1 or 2.

[0106] According to the computer-readable storage medium of the embodiment of the present disclosure, non-transitory computer-readable instructions are stored thereon. When the non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor, all or part of the steps of the above-mentioned methods of each embodiment of the present disclosure are executed.

[0107] The above-mentioned computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM and DVD), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MO), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tapes or mobile hard disks), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory cards), and media with built-in ROM (e.g., ROM boxes).

[0108] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. An angle-domain spectral-constrained seismic imaging method, It is characterized in that include: Based on the original seismic data, obtain the underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers; Based on the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather is optimized to remove invalid imaging point information; The local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient is applied to the spatial angle domain azimuth gather to obtain the optimized full-scale stacking result; The above steps are processed for the imaging points in each line of the seismic data to output the final imaging section.

2. The angle domain spectral constrained seismic imaging method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The method of obtaining the underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers comprises: Based on the original seismic data input, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gathers are obtained through the wave equation.

3. The angle domain spectral constrained seismic imaging method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Based on the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather is optimized, including: Calculate the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient of each imaging point in the sliding time window of the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather; The energy spectrum stacking threshold is set, and the gathers with energy values ​​less than the threshold are regarded as invalid information and removed.

4. The angle domain spectral constrained seismic imaging method according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The calculation formula of the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum correlation coefficient is: Among them, S(z,x) is the correlation coefficient of the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum in the sliding window N, ix is ​​the sampling point in the x direction of the window, iz is the sampling point in the z direction of the window, N x is the number of points in the x direction of the time window, N z is the number of points in the z direction of the time window, N = (-N i ,N i ) is the total length of the sliding window, and CIG(iz,ix) is the angle domain imaging gather.

5. An electronic device, It is characterized in that The electronic device comprises: at least one processor; and, a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can perform the angle domain spectral constrained seismic imaging method described in any one of claims 1-4.

6. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, It is characterized in that The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, which are used to enable a computer to execute the angle-domain spectral-constrained seismic imaging method described in any one of claims 1-4.

7. An angle-domain spectrum-constrained seismic imaging device, It is characterized in that include: Azimuth gather calculation module, used to obtain underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers based on original seismic data; An optimization processing module is used to optimize the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather based on the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient to remove invalid imaging point information; The stacking calculation module applies the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient to the spatial angle domain azimuth gather to obtain the optimized full-dimensional stacking result; The imaging output module is used to process the imaging points in each line of the seismic data through the above modules and output the final imaging section.

8. The angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging device according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The method of obtaining the underground angle domain azimuth angle imaging gathers comprises: Based on the original seismic data input, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gathers are obtained through the wave equation.

9. The angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging device according to claim 7, It is characterized in that Based on the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient, the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather is optimized, including: Calculate the local time-space variable energy spectrum correlation coefficient of each imaging point in the sliding time window of the underground angle domain azimuth imaging gather; The energy spectrum stacking threshold is set, and the gathers with energy values ​​less than the threshold are regarded as invalid information and removed.

10. The angle domain spectrum constrained seismic imaging device according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The calculation formula of the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum correlation coefficient is: Among them, S(z,x) is the correlation coefficient of the local spatiotemporal energy spectrum in the sliding window N, ix is ​​the sampling point in the x direction of the window, iz is the sampling point in the z direction of the window, N x is the number of points in the x direction of the time window, N z is the number of points in the z direction of the time window, N = (-N i ,N i ) is the total length of the sliding window, and CIG(iz,ix) is the angle domain imaging gather.

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