3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bi-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bi-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, relates to a catalyst taking doped carbon as a carrier to support Pt as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the existing Pt / C catalyst is poor in catalytic activity and stability. Wherein M is Fe, Co, Ni or Zn, and R is Ce, Nd or Gd. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out complexing growth on M and R ions and a nitrogen source ligand on the carbon surface, and then carrying out high-temperature carbonization to obtain an M-R bi-component doped carbon carrier; the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an M-R two-component doped carbon-carbon supported Pt catalyst by using a microwave reduction method, then loading Pt by using a microwave reduction method to obtain the M-R two-component doped carbon-carbon supported Pt catalyst, the mass activities of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC and Pt / Co-Ce-NC are respectively 0.27 A / mgPt and 0.22 A / mgPt and are 2.8 times and 2.3 times that of Pt / C, and the M-R two-component doped carbon-carbon supported Pt catalyst can be used in the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a catalyst using doped carbon as a carrier to support Pt nanoparticles, and belongs to the field of new energy materials. Background Art

[0002] Platinum (Pt), as an inert metal, is the most widely used cathode catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to its intrinsic properties and moderate adsorption energy for oxygen reduction reaction intermediates. However, the inadequate activity and stability of the most commonly used commercial Pt / C have not been fully addressed.

[0003] In recent years, in the field of precious metal platinum-based catalysts (PGM), researchers have continuously developed new Pt / M-NC catalysts with non-precious metal M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, etc.) doped with nitrogen-carbon (M-NC) as carriers. Compared with traditional Pt / C catalysts, M-NC can form synergistic catalysis and anchoring effects on Pt sites, making Pt / M-NC show relatively excellent catalytic performance in the field of ORR catalysis. However, the current Pt / M-NC catalyst structure still has insufficient activity, and Pt and M-NC are prone to demetallization under acidic conditions, so the stability of Pt / M-NC catalysts needs further improvement. In addition, at this stage, M-NC materials are mostly prepared by MOF-based derivatives, which cannot be mass-produced and applied. The above factors greatly restrict the performance and application of Pt / M-NC catalysts. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the technical problem of poor catalytic activity and stability of existing Pt-based catalysts, and provides a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst and its preparation method and application. The present invention uses 3d transition metal M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn)-rare earth metal R (Ce, Nd or Gd) two-component doped carbon (MR-NC) as a carrier, and uses a microwave reduction method to load Pt to obtain a MR two-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst (Pt / MR-NC). The activity and stability of the catalyst are significantly higher than those of the Pt / C catalyst, and the catalyst exhibits excellent performance in fuel cell applications.

[0005] The 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst of the present invention is that Pt nanoparticles are uniformly supported on a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon carrier, the 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon carrier is represented by MR-NC, wherein M and R exist in an atomic-level dispersed form, M is Fe, Co, Ni or Zn, and R is Ce, Nd or Gd; in the 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst, the mass percentage of M is 5% to 15%, the mass percentage of R is 1% to 10%, and the mass percentage of Pt is 5% to 40%.

[0006] The preparation method of the above-mentioned 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst is carried out according to the following steps:

[0007] 1. Preparation of 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon carrier (MR-NC): add carbon powder to an anhydrous alcohol solvent, and ultrasonically stir until the carbon powder is evenly dispersed to obtain a mixed solution A; then, drop non-precious metal M salt solution, R salt solution and ligand solution into the mixed solution A in sequence, and after the dropwise addition is completed, a mixed solution B is obtained; the mixed solution B is stirred at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours to allow the complex of M salt, R salt and ligand to grow on carbon; then, the mixed solution B is evaporated to dryness under water bath conditions to obtain a precursor; the precursor is evenly ground, placed in a high-temperature furnace in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 650 to 1050° C. for 1 to 5 hours for carbonization treatment, and after natural cooling, it is evenly ground to obtain a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon carrier, represented by MR-NC; wherein the ligand solution is prepared by dissolving o-phenanthroline, o-bipyridine or dimethylimidazole in an anhydrous alcohol solvent;

[0008] 2. Microwave reduction of Pt: Add 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon support to the dispersion and disperse it evenly, then add chloroplatinic acid solution, and ultrasonically stir to make the slurry uniform to obtain a mixed solution C; adjust the pH of the mixed solution C to alkaline and introduce inert gas to expel oxygen in the solution; use microwave reduction, cool naturally, adjust the pH of the mixed solution to acidic and stir for 8 to 24 hours, filter and wash, vacuum dry, and grind evenly to obtain a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst, represented by Pt / MR-NC.

[0009] Furthermore, the carbon powder described in step 1 is XC-72C, Ecp-600jd, Ec-300 or BP-2000.

[0010] Furthermore, the non-precious metal M salt solution described in step 1 is prepared by dissolving cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, nickel nitrate or zinc nitrate in an anhydrous alcohol solvent.

[0011] Furthermore, the R salt solution described in step 1 is prepared by dissolving gadolinium chloride, gadolinium sulfate, neodymium nitrate, cerium nitrate or cerium chloride in an anhydrous alcohol solvent;

[0012] Furthermore, in the mixed solution B described in step 1, the concentration of carbon powder is 0.3-2 g / L, the concentration of 3d transition metal M salt is 0.001-0.01 mol / L, the concentration of rare earth metal R salt is 0.001-0.01 mol / L, and the concentration of ligand is 0.005-0.05 mol / L.

[0013] Furthermore, the inert atmosphere in step 1 is Ar or N 2 .

[0014] The application of the above-mentioned 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst is the application of the catalyst in the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of fuel cells.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are:

[0016] (1) The present invention can combine traditional carbon carriers with M / RN x The MR-NC carrier was obtained by combining, and Pt was loaded on the MR-NC carrier by microwave reduction method to obtain a Pt / MR-NC catalyst.

[0017] (2) With o-phenanthroline, o-bipyridine or dimethylimidazole as ligands, the complexes of M salt and R salt with the ligands grow on the carbon surface. By controlling the carbonization conditions of the precursor, the prepared carbon support MR-NC contains not only abundant M-Nx structures but also R-Nx structures; R-Nx and MN X The structure can act as an electron donor, providing electrons for the Pt active site, reducing the binding energy between the Pt active site and the oxygen intermediate, promoting the desorption process of the oxygen intermediate at the active site, and thus promoting the oxygen reduction reaction; at the same time, the R-Nx structure can effectively inhibit the demetallization process of M-Nx and PtNPs, thereby effectively improving the activity and stability of the Pt / MR-NC catalyst.

[0018] (3) The 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst of the present invention has good fuel cell applicability, so that the catalyst also has excellent performance in fuel cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1is a TEM image of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1;

[0020] Figure 2 are XRD spectra of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1, Pt / Fe-NC prepared in Comparative Example 1, and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2;

[0021] Figure 3 is the full XPS spectrum of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 4 This is the fine XPS spectrum of the N1s corresponding characteristic peak of the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 5 are ORR polarization diagrams of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1, Pt / Co-Ce-NC prepared in Example 2, Pt / Fe-NC prepared in Comparative Example 1, and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2;

[0024] Figure 6 is a mass specific activity diagram of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1, Pt / Co-Ce-NC prepared in Example 2, Pt / Fe-NC prepared in Comparative Example 1, and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2;

[0025] Figure 7 ORR polarization diagrams of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1 and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2 before and after aging;

[0026] Figure 8 is a mass specific activity diagram of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1 and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2 before and after aging;

[0027] Fig. 9 3 and 4. These are the fuel cell polarization diagrams of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1, Pt / Fe-NC prepared in Comparative Example 1, and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but is not limited thereto. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: The preparation method of the Fe-Ce two-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst of this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0030] 1. Preparation of Fe-Ce two-component doped carbon carrier (Fe-Ce-NC): 100 mg of carbon powder Ecp-600jd was added to 60 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent, ultrasonicated for 1 h, and stirred for 12 h to make the carbon powder evenly dispersed to obtain a mixed solution A; 56 mg of ferrous sulfate and 43 mg of cerium nitrate were dissolved in 10 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent to obtain ferrous sulfate-methanol solution and cerium nitrate-methanol solution, 108 mg of o-phenanthroline was added to 10 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent, ultrasonicated for 0.5 h, and stirred to fully dissolve it to obtain o-phenanthroline solution; then ferrous sulfate- A methanol solution, a cerium nitrate-methanol solution and an o-phenanthroline-methanol solution are sequentially added dropwise to a mixed solution A, and after the addition is completed, a mixed solution B is obtained; the mixed solution B is stirred at a temperature of 25° C. for 1 hour to grow a complex of iron / cerium ions and the ligand o-phenanthroline on carbon; then the mixed solution B is evaporated to dryness in a water bath at 70° C. to obtain a precursor; the precursor is ground evenly, placed in a high-temperature furnace in an Ar atmosphere at a temperature of 800° C. for 2.5 hours for carbonization treatment, and after natural cooling, ground evenly to obtain a Fe-Ce two-component doped carbon carrier, represented by Fe-Ce-NC;

[0031] 2. Microwave reduction of Pt: 40 mg Fe-Ce-NC was added to 40 ml ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution and ultrasonically stirred for 60 min for dispersion, wherein the volume ratio of ethylene glycol to isopropanol in the ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution was 4:1, and then 1.335 ml 0.0384 mol / L chloroplatinic acid-ethylene glycol solution was added and ultrasonically stirred to make the slurry uniform to obtain a mixed solution C; 1 mol L -1 The pH value of the mixed solution C was adjusted to 12 by using NaOH-ethylene glycol solution and nitrogen was introduced to expel the dissolved air in the solution to protect the solution; the mixed solution was then placed in a microwave oven and heated for 90 seconds; after natural cooling, the pH value of the mixed solution was adjusted to 2 by using nitric acid-ethylene glycol solution and stirred for 8 hours, filtered and washed 3 times, and then vacuum dried at 70°C for 10 hours, and ground evenly to obtain a Fe-Ce-NC loaded Pt catalyst, represented by Pt / Fe-Ce-NC;

[0032] TEM images of the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC catalyst prepared in this example are as follows Figure 1 As shown by Figure 1 It can be seen that the Pt particles are evenly distributed on the surface of Fe-Ce-NC, with a particle size of 2 to 3 nm.

[0033] Example 2: The preparation method of the Co-Ce two-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst of this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0034] 1. Preparation of Co-Ce two-component doped carbon carrier (Co-Ce-NC): 100 mg of carbon powder Ecp-600jd was added to 60 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent, ultrasonicated for 1 h, and stirred for 12 h to evenly disperse the carbon powder to obtain a mixed solution A; 58 mg of cobalt nitrate and 43 mg of cerium nitrate were dissolved in 10 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent to obtain cobalt nitrate-methanol solution and cerium nitrate-methanol solution, 108 mg of o-phenanthroline was added to 10 mL of anhydrous alcohol solvent, ultrasonicated for 0.5 h, and stirred to fully dissolve it to obtain an o-phenanthroline solution; then the cobalt nitrate-methanol The solution, the cerium nitrate-methanol solution and the o-phenanthroline-methanol solution are sequentially added dropwise to the mixed solution A, and after the addition is completed, a mixed solution B is obtained; the mixed solution B is stirred at a temperature of 25° C. for 1 hour to grow a complex of iron / cerium ions and the ligand o-phenanthroline on the carbon; then the mixed solution B is evaporated to dryness in a water bath at 70° C. to obtain a precursor; the precursor is ground evenly, placed in a high-temperature furnace in an Ar atmosphere at a temperature of 800° C. for 2.5 hours for carbonization treatment, and after natural cooling, ground evenly to obtain a Co-Ce two-component doped carbon carrier, represented by Co-Ce-NC;

[0035] 2. Microwave reduction of Pt: 40 mg Co-Ce-NC was added to 40 ml ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution and ultrasonically stirred for 60 min for dispersion, wherein the volume ratio of ethylene glycol to isopropanol in the ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution was 4:1, and then 1.335 ml 0.0384 mol / L chloroplatinic acid-ethylene glycol solution was added and ultrasonically stirred to make the slurry uniform to obtain a mixed solution C; 1 mol L -1 The pH value of the mixed solution C was adjusted to 12 by using NaOH-ethylene glycol solution and nitrogen was introduced to expel the dissolved air in the solution to protect the solution; the mixed solution was then placed in a microwave oven and heated for 90 seconds; after natural cooling, the pH value of the mixed solution was adjusted to 2 by using nitric acid-ethylene glycol solution and stirred for 8 hours, filtered and washed 3 times, and then vacuum dried at 70°C for 10 hours, and ground evenly to obtain a Co-Ce-NC loaded Pt catalyst, represented by Pt / Co-Ce-NC;

[0036] Comparative Example 1: In this comparative example, chloroplatinic acid is reduced to Pt nanoparticles by a microwave ethylene glycol method and loaded on a Fe single-component doped carbon carrier to prepare an oxygen reduction catalyst Pt / Fe-NC. The specific preparation steps are as follows:

[0037] 1. Preparation of Fe single-component doped carbon carrier (Fe-NC): 100 mg of carbon powder Ecp-600jd was added to 60 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent, ultrasonicated for 1 h, and stirred for 12 h to make the carbon powder evenly dispersed to obtain a mixed solution A; 56 mg of ferrous sulfate was dissolved in 10 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent to obtain a ferrous sulfate-methanol solution; 108 mg of o-phenanthroline was added to 10 mL of anhydrous alcohol solvent and ultrasonicated for 0.5 h, and then stirred to fully dissolve it to obtain an o-phenanthroline solution; then the ferrous sulfate-methanol solution was and o-phenanthroline-methanol solution are sequentially added dropwise to the mixed solution A, and after the addition is completed, a mixed solution B is obtained; the mixed solution B is stirred at a temperature of 25° C. for 1 hour to allow the complex of iron ions and the ligand o-phenanthroline to grow on the carbon; then the mixed solution B is evaporated to dryness in a water bath at 70° C. to obtain a precursor; the precursor is ground evenly, placed in a high-temperature furnace in an Ar atmosphere at a temperature of 800° C. for 2.5 hours for carbonization treatment, and after natural cooling, ground evenly to obtain a Fe single-component doped carbon carrier, represented by Fe-NC;

[0038] 2. Microwave reduction of Pt: 40 mg Fe-NC was added to 40 ml ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution and ultrasonically stirred for 60 min for dispersion, wherein the volume ratio of ethylene glycol to isopropanol in the ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution was 4:1, and then 1.335 ml 0.0384 mol / L chloroplatinic acid-ethylene glycol solution was added and ultrasonically stirred to make the slurry uniform to obtain a mixed solution C; 1 mol L -1 The pH value of the mixed solution C was adjusted to 12 by using NaOH-ethylene glycol solution and nitrogen was introduced to expel the dissolved air in the solution to protect the solution; the mixed solution was then placed in a microwave oven and heated for 90 seconds; after natural cooling, the pH value of the mixed solution was adjusted to 2 by using nitric acid-ethylene glycol solution and stirred for 8 hours, filtered and washed 3 times, and then vacuum dried at 70°C for 10 hours, and ground evenly to obtain a Fe-NC loaded Pt catalyst, represented by Pt / Fe-NC;

[0039] Comparative Example 2: In this comparative example, chloroplatinic acid is directly reduced to Pt nanoparticles by microwave ethylene glycol method and loaded on a traditional carbon carrier to prepare an oxygen reduction catalyst Pt / C. The specific preparation steps are as follows:

[0040] 40 mg of carbon powder Ecp-600jd was dissolved in 60 ml of ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of ethylene glycol to isopropanol in the mixed solution was 4:1, and ultrasonic stirring was performed for 120 min. 0.95 ml of 0.0485 mol / L chloroplatinic acid-ethylene glycol solution was added, and ultrasonic stirring was continued to make it fully mixed. Then 1 mol L -1After the pH value of the mixed solution was adjusted to 12 with NaOH-ethylene glycol solution, nitrogen was introduced into the mixed solution to exclude dissolved air in the solution to protect the solution; the mixed solution was then placed in a microwave oven for microwave heating for 100 seconds; after cooling, the pH value of the mixed solution was adjusted to 2 with nitric acid-ethylene glycol solution, and stirred for 12 hours; the mixed solution was then filtered and washed 3 times, the filter residue was taken out, placed in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 80°C for vacuum drying for 8 hours, and the Pt / C catalyst was obtained, which was ground and bottled for later use.

[0041] The XRD spectra of the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1, the Pt / Fe-NC prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the Pt / C catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 2 are shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown by Figure 2 It can be seen that the particles on the Fe-Ce-NC support are Pt particles, and the XRD pattern of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC does not show the characteristic peaks of Fe / Ce particles or oxides. Figure 3 As shown in Figure 1, it can be proved that the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1 contains Fe and Ce elements, and Figure 4 The fitting results of the characteristic peak corresponding to N1s can prove that the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1 contains metal MN substances, so it can be explained that the Fe / Ce on the Fe-Ce-NC carrier exists in the form of Fe-Nx / Ce-Nx, rather than Fe particles, Ce particles or their oxides.

[0042] The Pt / Fe-Ce-NC catalyst prepared in Example 1, the Pt / Co-Ce-NC prepared in Example 2, the Pt / Fe-NC prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2 were subjected to ORR polarization tests. The ORR polarization curves obtained are shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, from Figure 5 It can be seen that under the same test conditions, the half-wave potential (E 1 / 2 ) are 0.927V and 0.920V, respectively, which are higher than Pt / Fe-NC (0.912V) and Pt / C (0.885V); the mass activity is Figure 6 As shown, from Figure 6 It can be seen that the mass activity (MA) of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC is 0.27 mA / μg Pt , which is about 2.8 times that of Pt / C; the mass activity (MA) of Pt / Co-Ce-NC is 0.22A / mg Pt , about 2.3 times that of Pt / C.

[0043] ORR aging test of the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC catalyst prepared in Example 1 and the Pt / C catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 2 The ORR polarization curves before and after aging are as follows: Figure 7 As shown in Figure 2, after 30,000 cycles of accelerated aging test, the E 1 / 2 Only 7 mV was reduced, which is much less than Pt / C (reduced by 35 mV); the mass specific activity of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1 and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2 before and after aging is shown in Figure 8 As shown, from Figure 8 It can be seen that after 30,000 cycles of accelerated aging test, the mass activity retention rate of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC is as high as 86.9%, which fully demonstrates that its stability is much better than Pt / C (56.3%). Therefore, it can be shown that the catalyst with dual-component doped carbon as the carrier has better ORR catalytic activity and stability.

[0044] The fuel cell polarization curves of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1, Pt / Fe-NC prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2 are shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown, from Fig. 9 It can be seen that the peak power density of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC is 2.2 W / cm 2 The peak power density of Pt / Fe-NC is 1.9 W / cm 2 , which are higher than Pt / C (1.8W / cm 2 ). Therefore, it can be shown that the catalyst with dual-component doped carbon as the carrier also has better performance in fuel cell applications.

[0045] The M / R elements in the 3d transition metal M-doped carbon MR-NC of the present invention are M / RN at the atomic level. x Exist in the form of atomically dispersed M / RN in the carrier x It can effectively regulate the adsorption capacity of Pt nanoparticles to reaction intermediates and thus adjust the catalyst activity; M / RN in the carrier x It can be used as a deposition site for Pt, which is conducive to the uniform dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on the carrier surface; at the same time, RN x The structure can effectively inhibit MN x The demetallization process of Pt NPs can effectively improve the stability of Pt / M-NC catalysts; the strong interaction (SMSI) between MR-NC carrier and Pt NPs makes its catalytic activity and stability significantly improved compared with Pt / C catalysts. In addition, MR-NC carrier has good applicability in fuel cell applications, which makes Pt / MR-NC catalysts show good performance in fuel cells.

Claims

1. A 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst, characterized in that: The catalyst is a Pt nanoparticle uniformly supported on a carbon carrier doped with a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual component. The carbon carrier doped with a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual component is represented by MR-NC, wherein M and R exist in an atomic-level dispersed form, M is Fe, Co, Ni or Zn, and R is Ce, Nd or Gd; in the 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual component doped carbon supported Pt catalyst, the mass percentage of M is 5% to 15%, the mass percentage of R is 1% to 10%, and the mass percentage of Pt is 5% to 40%.

2. A method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method proceeds as follows:

1. Preparation of 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon carrier MR-NC: add carbon powder to an anhydrous alcohol solvent, and stir ultrasonically until the carbon powder is evenly dispersed to obtain a mixed solution A; then add non-precious metal M salt solution, R salt solution and ligand solution to the mixed solution A in turn, and after the addition is complete, obtain a mixed solution B; stir the mixed solution B at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours to allow the complex of M salt, R salt and ligand to grow on carbon; then evaporate the mixed solution B in a water bath to obtain a precursor; grind the precursor evenly, place it in a high-temperature furnace in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 650 to 1050° C. for 1 to 5 hours for carbonization treatment, and grind it evenly after natural cooling to obtain a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon carrier, represented by MR-NC; The ligand solution is prepared by dissolving o-phenanthroline, o-bipyridine or dimethylimidazole in an anhydrous alcohol solvent; 2. Microwave reduction of Pt: adding a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon carrier to a dispersion and dispersing it evenly, then adding a chloroplatinic acid solution, and ultrasonically stirring to make the slurry uniform, to obtain a mixed solution C; adjusting the pH of the mixed solution C to alkaline and introducing an inert gas to discharge oxygen in the solution; The mixture was reduced by microwave and cooled naturally, and the pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to be acidic and stirred for 8 to 24 hours. After filtration and cleaning, the mixture was vacuum dried and ground evenly to obtain a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst, which was represented by Pt / MR-NC.

3. The method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: The carbon powder described in step 1 is XC-72C, Ecp-600jd, Ec-300 or BP-2000.

4. The method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The non-precious metal M salt solution described in step 1 is prepared by dissolving cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, nickel nitrate or zinc nitrate in an anhydrous alcohol solvent.

5. The method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The R salt solution described in step 1 is prepared by dissolving gadolinium chloride, gadolinium sulfate, neodymium nitrate, cerium nitrate or cerium chloride in an anhydrous alcohol solvent.

6. The method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: In the mixed solution B described in step 1, the concentration of carbon powder is 0.3-2 g / L, the concentration of 3d transition metal M salt is 0.001-0.01 mol / L, the concentration of rare earth metal R salt is 0.001-0.01 mol / L, and the concentration of ligand is 0.005-0.05 mol / L.

7. The method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The inert atmosphere described in step 1 is Ar or N2.

8. The use of a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: This application is the use of 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon-supported Pt catalyst in the cathode oxygen reduction reaction of fuel cells.

Images