Broadband dual-polarization phased-array antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a broadband dual-polarization phased-array antenna, and belongs to the technical field of array antennas. The antenna array is composed of n * n dual-polarized antenna units, each unit comprises an asymmetric orthogonal mode coupler and a broadband radiation unit, and the asymmetric orthogonal mode coupler can achieve broadband dual-polarization characteristics and is used for receiving and transmitting horizontally-polarized and vertically-polarized electromagnetic wave signals at the same time. A pyramid antenna, a metasurface antenna or a horn antenna can be selected as the radiation unit, so that the broadband radiation performance is ensured. A discrete choke metal sheet is introduced into the aperture surface of the array, so that the surface current during array scanning is effectively suppressed on the premise of not influencing antenna matching, and the electromagnetic coupling effect between units is reduced. The antenna has the advantages of broadband characteristic, high isolation, compact structure and wide-angle scanning capability, and is suitable for high-performance antenna application scenes of modern communication, radar detection and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of array antennas, and in particular to a broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern communications, radar systems and electronic countermeasures technology, dual-polarized phased array antennas have become an important research direction in the field of antenna design due to their high gain, flexible beam control and efficient processing of dual-polarized signals. Dual-polarized antennas can simultaneously receive and transmit mutually orthogonal electromagnetic wave signals, effectively improving the capacity and efficiency of communication systems, and have broad application prospects in satellite communications, 5G communications, and high-resolution radars.

[0003] Existing dual-polarized array antenna designs usually use microstrip patch antennas, slot antennas or dipole antennas as the basic structure, and expand bandwidth performance by improving unit design and feeding network. However, these designs still have limitations in broadband range, port isolation, and large-angle scanning capabilities. Especially in broadband and large-angle scanning applications, traditional antenna structures are difficult to achieve good standing wave matching performance due to design limitations, resulting in severe restrictions on the working bandwidth and scanning performance of the antenna. In addition, a tightly coupled structure is often used in the design of array antennas with broadband characteristics. Although the bandwidth can be improved to a certain extent, the overly dense feeding design is more suitable for the microwave frequency range, which limits its application in higher frequency bands.

[0004] As a classic design for antenna polarization separation, the orthogonal mode coupler has high isolation and polarization separation capabilities in performance. However, since broadband orthogonal mode couplers usually adopt a symmetrical geometric structure, are large in size and complex in design, their application in array antennas is greatly limited. In recent years, antenna design based on non-orthogonal mode couplers has gradually attracted attention due to its significant advantages in structure, polarization isolation, broadband matching performance and compactness. The array designed based on asymmetric orthogonal mode couplers has a simple structure and a small unit spacing. In addition, through innovative coupling modes and structural optimization, it can achieve excellent standing wave performance and high isolation in a wider frequency range, while significantly improving the polarization separation effect, providing a new technical path for the performance optimization of dual-polarized phased array antennas. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a broadband dual-polarized phased array antenna to solve the technical bottlenecks of existing dual-polarized antennas in terms of bandwidth and isolation performance. This solution is based on non-orthogonal mode couplers, and by optimizing the coupling mode and structural design, a compact array layout is constructed, which significantly improves the bandwidth, isolation and polarization performance of the antenna, meeting the needs of modern communication and radar systems for efficient and multifunctional antennas.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna, wherein the antenna array is composed of n×n dual-polarization antenna units. Each antenna unit realizes dual-polarization characteristics through an orthogonal mode coupler, and can simultaneously receive and transmit horizontally polarized and vertically polarized electromagnetic wave signals, thereby realizing efficient integration of broadband dual polarization. The orthogonal mode coupler adopts a broadband asymmetric orthogonal mode design, and fills a medium to reduce the unit spacing. The radiation unit adopts a broadband structure design, such as a pyramid or horn antenna, to ensure broadband transmission performance.

[0008] The array's feeding method is flexibly designed, and multiple feeding methods such as direct waveguide feeding, probe feeding, or GCPW (grounded coplanar waveguide) to waveguide can be selected according to specific needs. By reasonably designing the feeding network and matching structure, low standing wave ratio, high isolation and good polarization separation performance are ensured within a wide bandwidth. The antenna array adopts a compact layout, and the unit spacing is precisely designed to take into account both broadband performance and beam scanning capabilities. At the same time, a choke structure is introduced on the aperture surface to effectively suppress surface currents, thereby significantly reducing the electromagnetic coupling effect between array units. The entire antenna system combines an efficient feeding scheme with an optimized array design to provide high gain, broadband coverage and dual-polarization capabilities, making it suitable for modern communications, radar detection and other scenarios that require high-performance antennas.

[0009] Beneficial effects of the present invention: By adopting a broadband asymmetric orthogonal mode coupler, broadband coverage is achieved, and the working bandwidth of the array antenna is significantly improved. The asymmetric orthogonal mode coupler provides higher port isolation and achieves high isolation. The antenna array introduces discrete chokes through the aperture surface, which effectively suppresses the surface current without affecting the matching, significantly reduces the electromagnetic coupling effect between array units, and improves the overall performance of the array. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna based on an asymmetric orthogonal mode coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of a broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna based on an asymmetric orthogonal mode coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a side view of the structure of a broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna based on an asymmetric orthogonal mode coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the active voltage standing wave ratio of the array central unit during horizontal polarization E-plane scanning according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the active voltage standing wave ratio of the array central unit during horizontal polarization H-plane scanning according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the active voltage standing wave ratio of the array central unit during vertical polarization E-plane scanning according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the active voltage standing wave ratio of the array central unit during vertical polarization H-plane scanning according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Fig. 9 This is the horizontally polarized E-plane scanning pattern of the array central unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Fig.10 This is the horizontally polarized H-plane scanning pattern of the array central unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Fig.11 This is the vertically polarized E-plane scanning pattern of the array central unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Fig.12 This is the vertically polarized H-plane scanning pattern of the array central unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Among them: 1-orthogonal mode coupler; 2-radiating dielectric pyramid; 3-discrete choke metal sheet; 4-feed probe connector; 5-assembled metal structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below by the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the present invention.

[0025] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0026] It should also be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be understood to have a meaning consistent with that in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless as defined herein.

[0027] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present invention refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or groups thereof.

[0028] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. Different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

[0029] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings are merely schematic diagrams of embodiments, and the components in the drawings are not necessarily necessary for implementing the present invention.

[0031] Based on the technical advantages of non-orthogonal mode couplers, the present invention designs a broadband dual-polarized phased array antenna, aiming to solve the shortcomings of traditional designs in broadband matching, isolation and scanning angle, and meet the needs of modern communication and radar systems for efficient and multifunctional antennas.

[0032] In this embodiment, a broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna is provided. Figure 1As shown, this embodiment demonstrates the specific implementation of a broadband dual-polarized phased array antenna based on an asymmetric orthogonal mode coupler. The antenna array consists of 64 array elements, which are arranged in a two-dimensional layout of 8×8, and can meet the needs of wide bandwidth angular scanning. It should be noted that this array is only a specific implementation of a wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna. According to actual application requirements, the infinite array environment can be flexibly adjusted and expanded to any practical finite array configuration.

[0033] The array structure is as follows Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the array antenna of this embodiment mainly consists of the following parts: a dielectric-filled orthogonal mode coupler 1, a radiating dielectric pyramid 2, a discrete choke metal sheet 3, and a feed probe connector 4. The array unit structure is shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, it is composed of an orthogonal mode coupler and a radiating dielectric pyramid, wherein the orthogonal mode coupler adopts an asymmetric broadband orthogonal mode design and is filled with a dielectric to maintain a suitable unit spacing. The feeding method adopts a probe feeding T-type waveguide structure to realize the feeding of broadband orthogonal signals. By inserting a discrete choke metal sheet 3 between the units, the surface current is effectively blocked, and the electromagnetic coupling between the units is significantly reduced.

[0034] The simulation results of active standing waves of the horizontal polarization of the central unit in this embodiment scanning on the H plane and E plane are as follows: Figure 5 , Figure 6 The simulation results of active standing waves of the central unit vertically polarized on the H-plane and E-plane are as follows: Figure 7 , Figure 8 When scanning, VSWR is less than 3 within the working bandwidth (12-19 GHz); when the array is horizontally polarized at 15 GHz, the scanning results of H-plane and E-plane scanning are as follows: Fig. 9 , Fig.10 The scanning results of the array vertical polarization at 15GHz when the H-plane and E-plane are scanned are as follows: Fig.11 , Fig.12 Both ports can scan ±60°.

[0035] The radiation part of the structure is not limited to the specific form described in this embodiment, and can also be designed in a diversified manner according to actual needs. For example, other radiation structures such as horn antennas with broadband characteristics and metasurface structures can be used. The feeding method is also not limited to the scheme described in this embodiment. GCPW to waveguide, substrate integrated coaxial line to waveguide or direct waveguide feeding can be flexibly selected to meet the needs of different application scenarios. In addition, the scale of the antenna array can also be expanded to any configuration according to needs to achieve performance goals such as higher gain.

[0036] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work on the basis of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna, characterized in that: The phased array array is composed of n×n dual-polarization antenna units, discrete chokes, feed connectors and metal assemblies; the dual-polarization array antenna unit includes an orthogonal mode coupler and a broadband radiating unit, the orthogonal mode coupler adopts an asymmetric broadband orthogonal mode coupler design to achieve dual-polarization characteristics, and can simultaneously receive and transmit horizontally polarized and vertically polarized electromagnetic wave signals; the radiating unit adopts a dielectric pyramid antenna, a horn antenna or a metasurface antenna with different broadband antennas as the radiation structure, which is used to efficiently radiate broadband signals; the discrete choke metal sheet is used to suppress surface current and reduce the electromagnetic coupling effect between units.

2. The broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthogonal mode coupler is filled with dielectric material to reduce the distance between antenna units to achieve a compact array layout.

3. The broadband dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding structure of the antenna can be fed in different ways, such as probe feeding, waveguide direct feeding or grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) to waveguide conversion.

4. The broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna array introduces discrete choke metal sheets on the aperture surface to suppress surface current and reduce electromagnetic coupling effects between units.

5. The broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discrete choke metal sheet can be in the shape of a circle, a triangle, a rectangle, or a polygon.

6. The broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the antenna array can be expanded to any configuration according to actual needs to meet the needs of higher gain and broadband coverage.

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