Adjustable air-aspiration type roller seeding machine suitable for multi-specification hole trays and method of adjustable air-aspiration type roller seeding machine

Abstract

The invention discloses an adjustable air-aspiration type roller seeding machine suitable for multi-specification hole trays and a method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural seeding. The lifting screw is driven to rotate by operating and rotating the lifting handle, and the handle is connected with threads in the nut seat, so that the nut seat is driven to move up and down along the screw. The sliding main plate is lifted along with the action, so that the height of the seeding assembly mounted on the sliding main plate is adjusted to adapt to seeding trays with different thicknesses. When the seeding roller needs to be replaced, the customized screw is rotated and taken down, so that the customized screw is separated from the transmission shaft, the insertion direction of the seeding roller is adjusted, and the seeding roller and the adjusting plate are correspondingly mounted in the direction of the seeding head with another specification, so that the seeding disc with another specification can be adjusted, and meanwhile, the adaptive seeding roller and the dismounting plate can be directly replaced; therefore, the device is suitable for seeding trays corresponding to different types of seeds, the application range is wider, and the practicability of the device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural seeding, and particularly relates to an adjustable air-suction drum seeder for multi-specification seedling trays and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modular planting technology, the factory seedling raising mode based on standardized seedling trays has become the industry mainstream. Currently, the mainstream air-suction drum seeding equipment on the market achieves precise seeding through the integration of an air distribution plate and a drum structure. Its working principle mainly relies on the pressure difference control in the vacuum adsorption area, seed cleaning holes, and seed dropping area, and combines positive and negative pressure airflows to complete the picking and dropping of seeds. However, the existing equipment has significant technical bottlenecks: Firstly, the drum and the transmission shaft are mostly rigidly connected by fixed flanges or bolt groups. Facing seeds with different particle sizes, the drum needs to be frequently disassembled and replaced, seriously affecting the operation efficiency. Secondly, the height adjustment function of the seeding mechanism is lacking, making it difficult to adapt to the diverse seedling tray specifications with significant thickness differences. In view of the above pain points, there is an urgent need to provide a new type of drum-type precise seeder with a quick replacement system and an adaptive height adjustment mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, solve the problems of low operation efficiency caused by frequent disassembly and assembly and inability to adapt to diverse seedling tray specifications, and provide an adjustable air-suction drum seeder for multi-specification seedling trays and a method thereof.

[0004] The specific technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0005] In the first aspect, the present invention provides an adjustable air-suction drum seeder for multi-specification seedling trays, including a drum mechanism installed on a conveyor belt rack; the drum mechanism includes a seeding drum, an air distribution plate, and an adjustment plate, and can sequentially pass through a seed adsorption area, a seed sorting area, a seed dropping area, and a cleaning area with the rotation of the seeding drum to form a cycle; the conveyor belt rack can convey the target seeding tray to the seed dropping area;

[0006] The sowing drum can move up and down and rotate along the transmission shaft. 2n mutually parallel air vent pipes are axially arranged in the cylindrical inner cavity. Two different specifications of sowing heads are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer wall, and each column of sowing heads corresponds to one air vent pipe respectively. One end of the sowing drum is coaxially connected with an adjusting plate, and the other end is sealed by a dismounting plate. n connecting bosses are circumferentially arranged on the inner side of the adjusting plate, and the connecting bosses can communicate with n air vent pipes with the same specification of sowing heads. The air distribution plate is coaxially installed outside the adjusting plate, and the adjusting plate can rotate along the air distribution plate. Cleaning holes, seed release holes and arc-shaped air distribution grooves are arranged on the circumference of the air distribution plate opposite to each connecting boss. The air vent pipe rotated to the air distribution groove can adsorb seeds through the sowing head under the negative pressure of an external vacuum pump and form a seed adsorption area. The air vent pipe rotated to the seed release hole can make the seeds fall into the target sowing tray below from the sowing head under the air pressure of an external air compressor and the action of gravity and form a seed falling area. The air vent pipe rotated to the cleaning hole can remove the residual impurities in the sowing head under the air pressure of an external air compressor and form a cleaning area. A blowing pipeline is arranged in the seed sorting area, which can sort and blow the seeds adsorbed on the sowing head so that each sowing head only adsorbs one seed.

[0007] Preferably, a vertical fixed main board is installed on one side of the conveyor belt rack. A vertical wedge-shaped slide bar is arranged on the inner side surface of the fixed main board. A sliding main board is slidably connected to the wedge-shaped slide bar. A nut seat is fixed on the top of the sliding main board, and a stroke limiting board is installed on the top of the fixed main board. The lifting screw rod is installed in the stroke limiting board through a thrust ball bearing, connected with a lifting handle at the top and threadedly connected with the nut seat at the bottom. By rotating the lifting handle, the sliding main board can slide up and down along the wedge-shaped slide bar. The stroke limiting board is used to limit the upper limit position of the nut seat. The outer side of the air distribution plate is fixed on the sliding main board, so as to realize the up and down movement of the sowing drum.

[0008] Preferably, a bearing sleeve and a transmission shaft are coaxially sleeved inside the sowing drum in sequence. One side of the bearing sleeve is fixed on the air distribution plate, and the other side is rotatably connected with the dismounting plate and connected with the transmission shaft through a bearing. The transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the adjusting plate and the dismounting plate, and one end extends out of the adjusting plate, the air distribution plate and the fixed main board in sequence and is coaxially connected with a transmission belt wheel through a round nut. The servo motor is fixed on the fixed main board through a mounting plate, a main belt wheel is fixed on the output shaft, and the main belt wheel and the transmission belt wheel are connected by a transmission belt to form a transmission connection. The sowing drum and the adjusting plate can be synchronously rotated around the transmission shaft by the servo motor.

[0009] Preferably, each air vent pipe axially penetrates through the sowing drum, is spaced with holes in the middle section and is installed with a sowing head for adsorbing a single seed. The cross section of the air vent pipe matches the shape of the connecting boss, so that the connecting boss can be inserted into one end of the air vent pipe and the connection part between the two is sealed. The sowing head is made of copper.

[0010] Preferably, the air distribution groove is located above the air distribution plate, and the cleaning hole and the seed release hole are respectively located on both sides below the air distribution plate.

[0011] Preferably, a sensor is provided on the sliding main board through a sensor mounting plate, and an information sensing indicator is mounted on the transmission belt pulley; the reset is achieved by rotating the information sensing indicator to the horizontal position of the sensor.

[0012] Preferably, a seed box is provided at the seed adsorption area; one side of the seed box is open and located outside the sowing drum, and a vibration motor for making the seeds in the seed box evenly distributed is provided at the bottom.

[0013] Preferably, there are several blowing pipelines which are integrally arranged through an air distribution outer frame. Each blowing pipeline is located outside the sowing drum and is arranged parallel to the axial direction; the air distribution outer frame is fixedly connected to the sliding main board through a connecting plate; several jet nozzles are arranged along the length direction on each blowing pipeline, and the jet direction of the jet nozzles is directly opposite to the sowing head in the seed sorting area.

[0014] Preferably, a collection box is provided downstream of the seed sorting area; one side of the collection box is open and located outside the sowing drum, and is used for collecting the seeds blown off by the blowing pipeline.

[0015] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a sowing method using the adjustable air-suction drum seeder adaptable to multi-specification seedling trays described in the first aspect, which is specifically as follows:

[0016] According to the thickness of the target sowing tray, rotate the lifting handle to drive the lifting screw to rotate, drive the sliding main board to slide up and down along the wedge-shaped slide bar through the nut seat, and then adjust the distance between the bottom of the sowing drum and the conveyor belt frame to adapt to the thickness of the target sowing tray;

[0017] According to the specification of the target sowing tray, replace the sowing drum or rotate the sowing drum to adjust the insertion direction of the ventilation pipeline and the connecting boss, so that the ventilation pipeline corresponding to the sowing head corresponding to the target sowing tray specification is connected to the connecting boss;

[0018] Connect the air distribution groove to an external vacuum pump through a pipeline, connect the seed release hole to an external first air compressor through a pipeline, and connect the cleaning hole to an external second air compressor through a pipeline; drive the main belt pulley to rotate through a servo motor, and the main belt pulley drives the transmission belt pulley to rotate through a transmission belt, and then drive the sowing drum to rotate through the transmission shaft;

[0019] Part of the ventilation pipelines on the sowing drum first enter the seed adsorption area. Through the action of the vacuum pump, a negative pressure is formed inside the part of the ventilation pipelines rotating to the air distribution groove, and the seeds in the seed box are adsorbed to the sowing heads corresponding to this part of the ventilation pipelines;

[0020] The air pipe with seeds adsorbed enters the seed sorting area under the rotation of the seeding drum; at this time, this part of the air pipe is still under negative pressure through the air distribution groove; if there are multiple seeds adsorbed on the seeding head, the adsorption force on each seed is weak. Through the purging action of the blowing pipe, the redundant seeds adsorbed on the seeding head are blown off, so that only one seed is adsorbed on each seeding head. The blown-off redundant seeds slide down under the action of gravity and are collected in the collection box.

[0021] The air pipe after sorting the seeds enters the seed dropping area under the rotation of the seeding drum; at this time, this part of the air pipe is under the action of a small air flow blown out from the seed release hole. At the same time, under the action of the gravity of the seeds themselves, the seeds fall from the seeding head into the target seeding tray below.

[0022] The air pipe with the dropped seeds enters the cleaning area under the rotation of the seeding drum; at this time, this part of the air pipe is under the action of a large air flow blown out from the cleaning hole to remove the residual impurities in the seeding head so as to enter the seed adsorption area again.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] In the present invention, by operating the rotary lifting handle to drive the lifting screw to rotate, the handle is connected to the thread in the nut seat, thereby driving the nut seat to move up and down along the screw. This action causes the sliding main board to rise and fall accordingly, and then adjusts the height of the seeding assembly installed on the sliding main board to adapt to seeding trays of different thicknesses. When the seeding drum needs to be replaced, the customized screw is rotated and removed to disconnect the customized screw from the transmission shaft, and the insertion direction of the seeding drum is adjusted. The seeding head of another specification is installed corresponding to the adjusting plate, and it can be adjusted to another specification of seeding tray. At the same time, the suitable seeding drum and the disassembly and assembly board can be directly replaced, so as to adapt to the seeding trays corresponding to different types of seeds, with a wider scope of application and improved practicability of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is the front axonometric schematic diagram of the overall device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is the back axonometric schematic diagram of the overall device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is the enlarged front axonometric view of the drum mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is the enlarged rear axonometric view of the drum mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 is the enlarged cross-sectional view of the drum mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the sowing drum of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the adjusting plate of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the air distribution plate of the present invention;

[0033] Among them: conveyor belt frame 1, fixed main board 2, wedge-shaped slide bar 3, sliding main board 4, bearing sleeve 5, air distribution plate 6, transmission shaft 7, adjusting plate 8, sowing drum 9, disassembly and assembly board 10, customized screw 11, stroke limit plate 12, lifting handle 13, lifting screw 14, nut seat 15, air distribution outer frame 16, connecting plate 17, transmission belt pulley 18, main belt pulley 19, round nut 20, servo motor 21, transmission belt 22, sensor 23, information sensing indicator 24, seed box 25, collection box 26, mounting plate 27, sowing head 28, sensor mounting plate 29, connecting boss 30, air distribution groove 31. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the following will describe the detailed implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in each embodiment of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without conflict.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected, that is, there is an intermediate element. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as being "directly" connected to another element, there is no intermediate element.

[0036] In the present invention, for the convenience of description, taking Figure 3 the counterclockwise rotation direction of the sowing drum in

[0037] as the rotation direction of the drum mechanism during operation in this embodiment. However, it should be noted that the rotation direction of the sowing drum can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions. Figure 1 And 2 As shown in Figures 3 to 5As shown in the figure, the drum mechanism mainly includes a seeding drum 9, an air distribution plate 6 and an adjusting plate 8. As the seeding drum 9 rotates, each air pipe can sequentially pass through the seed adsorption area, the seed sorting area, the seed dropping area and the cleaning area to form a cycle. The conveyor belt frame 1 can be driven by a motor to convey the target seeding tray to the seed dropping area below the drum mechanism for seeding. The seeding of the present invention, as a part of the complete set of seedling tray seeding equipment, after the previous mechanism covers the soil and presses the holes of the seedling tray (i.e., the seeding tray), seeds are sown on the seedling tray through the present invention. After seeding, the subsequent steps of the complete set of seedling tray seeding equipment will cover the soil again and sprinkle water on the seedling tray to complete a series of steps required for seeding the seedling tray.

[0038] In the seeding machine of the present invention, each component can cooperate with each other to jointly realize the fully automated continuous operation functions of adsorbing seeds, sorting seeds, dropping seeds and self-cleaning. The component structure, connection method and cooperation process will be described below.

[0039] In the seeding machine of the present invention, the seeding drum 9 can move up and down and rotate around the transmission shaft 7. One end of the seeding drum 9 is coaxially connected with an adjusting plate 8, and the other end is blocked by a disassembly and assembly plate 10. The air distribution plate 6 is coaxially installed outside the adjusting plate 8, and the adjusting plate 8 can rotate along the air distribution plate 6.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 3 shown, a fixed main board 2 is installed on one side of the conveyor belt frame 1 by bolts. The fixed main board 2 is a vertically arranged plate structure. A vertical wedge-shaped slide bar 3 is fixed on the inner side surface of the fixed main board 2. A sliding main board 4 is slidably connected to the wedge-shaped slide bar 3, and the sliding main board 4 can move vertically up and down on the fixed main board 2 along the wedge-shaped slide bar 3. The top of the sliding main board 4 is fixedly installed with a nut seat 15 by bolts, and a stroke limit plate 12 is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed main board 2. The stroke limit plate 12 is an L-shaped structure. The vertical part is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed main board 2 by bolts, and the horizontal part is located above the nut seat 15 and is used to limit the upper limit position of the nut seat 15. The middle part of the lifting screw 14 is installed with a thrust ball bearing on the horizontal part of the stroke limit plate 12. The top of the lifting screw 14 is connected to the lifting handle 13 by bolts, and the bottom of the lifting screw 14 is threadedly connected to the nut seat 15. A screw mechanism is formed between the lifting screw 14 and the nut seat 15, which can convert the rotational motion of the thread into a linear motion. When the lifting handle 13 is rotated to drive the lifting screw 14 to rotate, the nut seat 15 will move linearly along the thread, so as to realize up and down movement, and further make the sliding main board 4 slide up and down along the wedge-shaped slide bar 3. As Figure 5As shown, the outer side of the air distribution plate 6 is fixed to the sliding main board 4. Since the air distribution plate 6 is coaxially installed outside the adjusting plate 8 and one end of the seeding drum 9 is coaxially connected to the adjusting plate 8, the up and down movement of the seeding drum 9 can be realized. By adjusting the height of the seeding assembly (mainly including the seeding drum 9) installed on the sliding main board 4, it is possible to adapt to seedling trays of different thicknesses.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 4 and 5 shown, a bearing sleeve 5 is coaxially sleeved inside the seeding drum 9, and a transmission shaft 7 is coaxially sleeved inside the bearing sleeve 5. One side of the bearing sleeve 5 is fixed to the air distribution plate 6, and the other side is rotatably connected to the disassembly and assembly plate 10. The bearing sleeve 5 is connected to the transmission shaft 7 through a bearing. An oval hole is opened in the lower part of the sliding main board 4, and the bearing sleeve 5 and the air distribution plate 6 are installed on the sliding main board 4 through bolts. As Figure 7 shown, the transmission shaft 7 and the adjusting plate 8 are fixedly connected through key fitting. As Figure 1 shown, one end of the transmission shaft 7 is fixedly connected to the disassembly and assembly plate 10 through a customized screw 11. As Figure 4 shown, the other end of the transmission shaft 7 extends out of the adjusting plate 8, the air distribution plate 6 and the fixed main board 2 in sequence and is coaxially connected to the transmission belt pulley 18. A round nut 20 is provided outside the transmission belt pulley 18, and the transmission belt pulley 18 and the transmission shaft 7 are fixedly connected through the round nut 20. As Figure 4 shown, a mounting plate 27 is installed on one side of the fixed main board 2 through bolts. One end of the mounting plate 27 is fixedly installed with a servo motor 21, a main belt pulley 19 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the servo motor 21, and the main belt pulley 19 and the transmission belt pulley 18 are connected by a transmission belt 22 to form a transmission connection. During actual use, the seeding drum 9 and the adjusting plate 8 can be synchronously rotated around the transmission shaft 7 through the servo motor 21.

[0042] In the seeding machine of the present invention, as Figure 6 shown, the seeding drum 9 has a cylindrical inner cavity, and the radial cross-section of the cylindrical inner cavity is annular. 2n mutually parallel air passage pipes are axially opened in the cylindrical inner cavity, and a plurality of rows of seeding head groups are circumferentially opened on the outer wall of the seeding drum 9. Each group includes a plurality of seeding heads 28 arranged at intervals along the axis. There are two specifications for the seeding head groups (including parameters such as the specific structure of the seeding heads and the spacing distance), the two specifications of seeding head groups are arranged at intervals, and each row of seeding heads 28 corresponds to one air passage pipe respectively.

[0043] In the seeding machine of the present invention, as Figure 7As shown in the figure, n connecting bosses 30 are circumferentially arranged along the inner side of the adjusting plate 8. The connecting bosses 30 are hole groove structures protruding inward, and all the connecting bosses 30 can communicate with n air vent pipes with the same specification seeding heads 28. That is to say, the distance between adjacent connecting bosses 30 is twice the distance between adjacent air vent pipes. Through this design of the present invention, two different specifications of seeding heads 28 can be set on the same seeding drum 9. During actual use, by rotating the seeding drum 9 to adjust the installation angle with the adjusting plate 8, the air vent pipes with the same specification are selectively communicated, so that it can be applicable to two specifications of seeding trays.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each air vent pipe axially penetrates through the seeding drum 9, and is spaced with holes and installed with seeding heads 28 for adsorbing single seeds in the middle section. The cross-section of the air vent pipe matches the shape of the connecting boss 30, so that the connecting boss 30 can be inserted into one end of the air vent pipe and the connection between the two is sealed. The seeding head 28 can be made of copper material and is hollow inside, so that it can communicate with the air vent pipe to form a negative pressure state. The seeding head 28 can adopt common types such as flat head, convex head, long suction nozzle, etc., and can also customize the type and aperture of the seeding head on the seeding drum according to actual needs, tray specifications and seed types.

[0045] In the seeding machine of the present invention, as Figure 8 shown, the air distribution plate 6 is successively provided with a cleaning hole, a seed release hole and an arc-shaped air distribution groove 31 along the circumference, and the circumferences where the three opened holes and grooves are located are the same as the circumference where the connecting bosses 30 are opened on the adjusting plate 8, that is, by rotating the adjusting plate 8, each connecting boss 30 can successively pass through the cleaning hole, the seed release hole and the air distribution groove 31. During actual use, the air vent pipe rotated to the air distribution groove 31 can adsorb seeds through the seeding head 28 under the negative pressure of an externally connected vacuum pump and form a seed adsorption area. The air vent pipe rotated to the seed release hole can, under the air pressure of an externally connected air compressor and the action of gravity, make the seeds fall from the seeding head 28 into the target seeding tray below and form a seed falling area. The air vent pipe rotated to the cleaning hole can remove the residual impurities in the seeding head 28 under the air pressure of an externally connected air compressor and form a cleaning area. A blowing pipe is provided in the seed sorting area, which can sort and blow the seeds adsorbed on the seeding head 28, so that each seeding head 28 only adsorbs one seed.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air distribution groove 31 is located above the air distribution plate 6, and the cleaning hole and the seed release hole are respectively located on both sides below the air distribution plate 6. The specific opening positions of the cleaning hole, the seed release hole and the air distribution groove 31, as well as the arc length of the air distribution groove 31, can be adjusted according to actual situations.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2As shown in the figure, a sensor 23 is provided on the sliding main board 4 through a sensor mounting board 29, and an information sensing indicator 24 is mounted on the belt pulley 18. When the belt pulley 18 rotates, it can drive the information sensing indicator 24 to rotate. During actual use, the information sensing indicator 24 is rotated to the horizontal position of the sensor 23 for reset. When the information sensing indicator 24 reaches the position corresponding to the sensor 23, it is reset and sowing work can begin. Since both the sensor 23 and the information sensing indicator 24 are fixedly mounted on the sliding main board 4, their vertical relative positions remain consistent, facilitating reset.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 3 shown, a seed box 25 is provided at the seed adsorption area. One side of the seed box 25 is open and located outside the sowing drum 9, and a vibration motor for evenly distributing the seeds in the seed box 25 is provided at the bottom. A collection box 26 is provided downstream of the seed sorting area. One side of the collection box 26 is open and located outside the sowing drum 9, and is used to collect the seeds blown off through the air blowing pipeline. During actual use, the seed box 25 and the collection box 26 can be respectively arranged on both sides of the sowing drum 9.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 3 shown, multiple air blowing pipelines are provided, and all the air blowing pipelines are integrally arranged through an air distribution outer frame 16. Each air blowing pipeline is located outside the sowing drum 9 and is arranged parallel to the axial direction. The air distribution outer frame 16 is fixedly connected to the sliding main board 4 through a connecting plate 17. As Figure 5 shown, a plurality of air nozzles are provided along the length direction of each air blowing pipeline, and the air jet direction of the air nozzles is directly opposite to the sowing head 28 in the seed sorting area.

[0050] Based on the above-mentioned adjustable air-suction drum seeder adaptable to multi-specification plug trays, the present invention also provides a sowing method, which is specifically as follows:

[0051] During use, first place the seeds in the inner cavity of the seed box 25, and then start the vibrator to generate vibration so that the seeds are evenly dispersed in the inner cavity of the seed box 25.

[0052] According to the thickness of the target sowing tray, rotate the lifting handle 13 to drive the lifting screw 14 to rotate, and drive the sliding main board 4 to slide up and down along the wedge-shaped slide bar 3 through the nut seat 15, thereby adjusting the distance between the bottom of the sowing drum 9 and the conveyor belt frame 1 to adapt to the thickness of the target sowing tray.

[0053] According to the specifications of the target sowing tray, replace the sowing drum 9 or rotate the sowing drum 9 to adjust the insertion direction of the air pipe and the connecting boss 30, so that the air pipe where the sowing head 28 corresponding to the target sowing tray specifications is located is connected to the connecting boss 30.

[0054] Connect the air distribution groove 31 to an external vacuum pump through a pipeline, connect the seed release hole to an external first air compressor through a pipeline, and connect the cleaning hole to an external second air compressor through a pipeline. Drive the main pulley 19 to rotate through the servo motor 21, and the main pulley 19 drives the transmission pulley 18 to rotate through the transmission belt 22, so as to drive the sowing drum 9 to rotate through the transmission shaft 7.

[0055] Part of the ventilation pipeline on the sowing drum 9 first enters the seed adsorption area. Through the action of the vacuum pump, a negative pressure is formed inside the part of the ventilation pipeline that rotates to the air distribution groove 31, and the seeds in the seed box 25 are adsorbed onto the sowing heads 28 corresponding to this part of the ventilation pipeline.

[0056] The ventilation pipeline adsorbed with seeds enters the seed sorting area under the rotation of the sowing drum 9. At this time, this part of the ventilation pipeline is still under negative pressure through the air distribution groove 31. If there are multiple seeds adsorbed on the sowing head 28, the adsorption force on each seed is weak. Through the purging action of the blowing pipeline, the excess seeds adsorbed on the sowing head 28 are blown off, so that each sowing head 28 only adsorbs one seed, and the blown-off excess seeds slide down into the collection box 26 under the action of gravity for collection.

[0057] The ventilation pipeline after sorting the seeds enters the seed falling area under the rotation of the sowing drum 9. At this time, this part of the ventilation pipeline is affected by the small air flow blown out from the seed release hole, and at the same time, under the action of the gravity of the seeds themselves, the seeds fall from the sowing head 28 into the target sowing tray below.

[0058] The ventilation pipeline that has dropped the seeds enters the cleaning area under the rotation of the sowing drum 9. At this time, this part of the ventilation pipeline is affected by the large air flow blown out from the cleaning hole, and the residual impurities in the sowing head 28 are thoroughly removed.

[0059] The sowing copper head 28 that has completed cleaning re-enters the seed adsorption area to start the next round of seed adsorption process.

[0060] When it is necessary to replace the sowing drum 9, it should be noted that in the present invention, the adjusting plate 8 and the sowing drum 9 are installed by the connecting boss 30, that is, the sowing drum 9 is directly inserted into the connecting boss 30 on the adjusting plate 8 for installation. For the adjusting plate 8, two different specifications of sowing copper heads 28 are arranged at corresponding intervals on the sowing drum 9. Rotate and remove the customized screw 11 to disengage the customized screw 11 from the transmission shaft 7, and then adjust the insertion direction of the sowing drum 9 so that the other specification of the sowing copper head 28 is installed corresponding to the connecting boss 30 of the adjusting plate 8, and it can be adjusted to adapt to another specification of the seedling tray. At the same time, the sowing drum 9 and the disassembly and assembly plate 10 can also be directly replaced to adapt to different types of seeds and seedling trays, and the scope of application is wider.

[0061] The present invention can design corresponding adjusting plates 8 and sowing drums 9 with multiple specifications according to different needs. At the same time, the sowing drum 9 and the disassembly and assembly plate 10 that are adapted can also be directly replaced, so as to adapt to different types of seeds and seedling trays, with a wider scope of application and improved practicality of the present invention.

[0062] The above-described embodiments are only a preferred solution of the present invention, but they are not intended to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field can also make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained by adopting the means of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable air-suction drum seeder that can adapt to multiple specifications of plug trays, characterized in that: The invention comprises a roller mechanism installed on a conveyor belt frame (1); the roller mechanism comprises a seeding roller (9), an air distribution plate (6) and an adjustment plate (8); as the seeding roller (9) rotates, it can sequentially pass through a seed adsorption area, a seed sorting area, a seed dropping area and a cleaning area to form a cycle; the conveyor belt frame (1) can convey the target seeding disc to the seed dropping area; The seeding roller (9) can move up and down and rotate along the transmission shaft (7); 2n mutually parallel ventilation pipes are provided in the cylindrical inner cavity along the axial direction; two seeding heads (28) of different specifications are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer wall; each row of seeding heads (28) corresponds to a ventilation pipe; one end of the seeding roller (9) is coaxially connected to an adjustment plate (8), and the other end is blocked by a disassembly plate (10); the inner side of the adjustment plate (8) is provided with n connecting bosses (30) along the circumferential direction, and the connection bosses (30) are connected to the adjusting plate (8); The boss (30) can be connected to n ventilation pipelines of seeding heads (28) with the same specifications; the air distribution plate (6) is coaxially installed on the outside of the adjustment plate (8), and the adjustment plate (8) can rotate along the air distribution plate (6); the air distribution plate (6) is provided with cleaning holes, seed release holes and arc-shaped air distribution grooves (31) in the circumferential direction relative to each connecting boss (30); the ventilation pipeline rotated to the air distribution groove (31) can absorb seeds through the seeding head (28) under the negative pressure of an external vacuum pump and form a seed absorption area; The ventilation pipe rotated to the seed release hole can, under the action of the air pressure of the external air compressor and the action of gravity, cause the seeds to fall from the sowing head (28) into the target sowing tray below and form a seed falling area; the ventilation pipe rotated to the cleaning hole can, under the action of the air pressure of the external air compressor, remove the residual impurities in the sowing head (28) and form a cleaning area; the seed sorting area is provided with a blowing pipe, which can sort and blow the seeds adsorbed on the sowing head (28) so that each sowing head (28) only adsorbs one seed.

2. The adjustable air-suction drum seeder adapted to plug trays of multiple specifications according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A vertical fixed main board (2) is installed on one side of the conveyor belt frame (1), and a vertical wedge-shaped slide bar (3) is provided on the inner side surface of the fixed main board (2). A sliding main board (4) is slidably connected to the wedge-shaped slide bar (3), and a nut seat (15) is fixed on the top of the sliding main board (4). A travel limit plate (12) is installed on the top of the fixed main board (2); a lifting screw (14) is installed in the travel limit plate (12) through a thrust ball bearing, and a lifting handle (13) is connected to the top, and the bottom is threadedly connected to the nut seat (15); by rotating the lifting handle (13), the sliding main board (4) can slide up and down along the wedge-shaped slide bar (3); the travel limit plate (12) is used to limit the upper limit position of the nut seat (15); the outer side of the air distribution plate (6) is fixed on the sliding main board (4), thereby realizing the up and down movement of the seeding roller (9).

3. The adjustable air-suction drum seeder adapted to plug trays of various specifications according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A bearing sleeve (5) and a transmission shaft (7) are coaxially sleeved in sequence inside the seeding drum (9); one side of the bearing sleeve (5) is fixed on the air distribution plate (6), and the other side is rotatably connected to the disassembly plate (10), and is connected to the transmission shaft (7) through a bearing; the transmission shaft (7) is fixedly connected to the adjustment plate (8) and the disassembly plate (10), and one end of the transmission shaft (7) extends out of the adjustment plate (8), the air distribution plate (6) and the fixed main board (2) in sequence and is coaxially connected to the transmission pulley (18) through a round nut (20); a servo motor (21) is fixed to the fixed main board (2) through a mounting plate (27), a main pulley (19) is fixed on the output shaft, and the main pulley (19) is in transmission connection with the transmission pulley (18) through a transmission belt (22); the seeding drum (9) and the adjustment plate (8) can be synchronously rotated around the transmission shaft (7) through the servo motor (21).

4. The adjustable air-suction drum seeder adapted to plug trays of various specifications according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each of the ventilation pipelines penetrates the seeding drum (9) axially, has holes spaced apart in the middle section and is provided with a seeding head (28) for adsorbing a single seed; the cross section of the ventilation pipeline matches the shape of the connecting boss (30), so that the connecting boss (30) can be inserted into one end of the ventilation pipeline and the connection between the two is sealed; the seeding head (28) is made of copper.

5. The adjustable air-suction drum seeder adapted to plug trays of various specifications according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas distribution groove (31) is located above the gas distribution plate (6), and the cleaning hole and the seed release hole are respectively located on both sides of the bottom of the gas distribution plate (6).

6. The adjustable air-suction drum seeder adapted to plug trays of various specifications according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The sliding main board (4) is provided with a sensor (23) via a sensor mounting plate (29), and an information sensor indicator (24) is installed on the driving pulley (18); and resetting is achieved by rotating the information sensor indicator (24) to a horizontal position of the sensor (23).

7. The adjustable air-suction drum seeder adapted to plug trays of various specifications according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A seed box (25) is provided at the seed adsorption area; one side of the seed box (25) is open and is located outside the sowing drum (9); a vibration motor is provided at the bottom for evenly distributing seeds in the seed box (25).

8. The adjustable air-suction drum seeder adapted to plug trays of various specifications according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air blowing pipelines are provided in a plurality and are integrated through an air distribution outer frame (16), each of the air blowing pipelines is located outside the sowing drum (9) and is arranged parallel to the axial direction; the air distribution outer frame (16) is fixedly connected to the sliding main board (4) through a connecting plate (17); each of the air blowing pipelines is provided with a plurality of air jets along the length direction, and the air jet direction of the air jets faces the sowing head (28) in the seed sorting area.

9. The adjustable air-suction drum seeder adapted to plug trays of various specifications according to claim 7, characterized in that: A collecting box (26) is provided downstream of the seed sorting area; one side of the collecting box (26) is open and is located outside the sowing drum (9), and is used to collect seeds blown off through the air blowing pipe.

10. A sowing method using the adjustable air-suction drum seeder adapted to plug trays of multiple specifications as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The details are as follows: According to the thickness of the target seeding plate, the lifting handle (13) is rotated to drive the lifting screw (14) to rotate, and the sliding main board (4) is driven to slide up and down along the wedge-shaped slide bar (3) through the nut seat (15), thereby adjusting the distance between the bottom of the seeding drum (9) and the conveyor belt frame (1) to adapt to the thickness of the target seeding plate; According to the specifications of the target seeding disk, the seeding drum (9) is replaced or rotated to adjust the insertion direction of the ventilation pipeline and the connecting boss (30), so that the ventilation pipeline where the seeding head (28) corresponding to the specifications of the target seeding disk is located is connected to the connecting boss (30); The air distribution groove (31) is connected to an external vacuum pump through a pipeline, the seed release hole is connected to an external first air compressor through a pipeline, and the cleaning hole is connected to an external second air compressor through a pipeline; the main pulley (19) is driven to rotate by a servo motor (21), and the main pulley (19) drives the transmission pulley (18) to rotate through a transmission belt (22), thereby causing the transmission shaft (7) to drive the seeding drum (9) to rotate; Part of the ventilation pipeline on the sowing drum (9) first enters the seed adsorption area, and through the action of the vacuum pump, a negative pressure is formed inside the part of the ventilation pipeline that rotates to the air distribution groove (31), so that the seeds in the seed box (25) are adsorbed onto the sowing head (28) corresponding to the part of the ventilation pipeline; The ventilation pipe with seeds adsorbed thereon enters the seed sorting area under the rotation of the sowing drum (9); at this time, the ventilation pipe is still subjected to negative pressure through the air distribution groove (31); if a plurality of seeds are adsorbed on the sowing head (28), the adsorption force on each seed is relatively weak, and the excess seeds adsorbed on the sowing head (28) are blown off by the blowing action of the blowing pipe, so that each sowing head (28) only adsorbs one seed, and the excess seeds blown off slide into the collection box (26) under the action of gravity for collection; The ventilation pipe after the seeds are arranged enters the seed falling area under the rotation of the sowing drum (9); at this time, the ventilation pipe is affected by the small airflow blown out from the seed release hole, and at the same time, under the action of the gravity of the seeds themselves, the seeds fall from the sowing head (28) into the target sowing tray below; The ventilation duct of the fallen seeds enters the cleaning area under the rotation of the sowing drum (9); at this time, this part of the ventilation duct is affected by the air flow blown out from the cleaning hole to remove the residual impurities in the sowing head (28) so that it can enter the seed adsorption area again.

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