Earthworm provenance rapid propagation and lossless collection method based on crop rotation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of earthworm breeding and collection, and particularly relates to an earthworm provenance rapid propagation and lossless collection method based on rice field crop rotation. According to the method, winter crops and summer crops are adopted for dry crop rotation to establish an earthworm seedling field, according to the earthworm population density X of the seedling field, the earthworm seed reserving proportion Y and the earthworm harvesting proportion B are determined, and by planting the winter crops, additionally applying organic fertilizer and increasing input of soil organic materials, it is ensured that food of young earthworms is fully supplied; the population cardinal number of adult earthworms in the field is increased; the summer crops are planted after the winter crops are harvested, the soil temperature in the earthworm egg laying and aestivation stage and the earthworm egg hatching stage is reduced, the soil humidity is increased, the summer soil temperature and soil are properly maintained within the tolerable range of the adult earthworms, and therefore the adult earthworms are promoted to lay eggs smoothly and pass aestivation safely, normal hatching of the earthworm eggs is ensured, and the survival rate of the earthworms is increased. The rapid propagation of the earthworm provenance is realized, and the problem of shortage of the provenance of large-scale ecological planting and breeding of earthworms in farmland is effectively relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of earthworm breeding and collection, and particularly relates to a method for rapid propagation and non-destructive collection of earthworm seed sources based on crop rotation. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous upgrading of the consumer market, high-end protein raw materials have been favored by the consumer market. Earthworms, also known as earth dragons, are cold in nature and salty in taste, and have the effects of clearing heat and relieving convulsions, dredging collaterals, calming spasm, relieving asthma, and promoting diuresis. Earthworms are an important source of animal protein for poultry farming and freshwater fish farming feed, and the market gap of animal protein represented by earthworms is increasing year by year.

[0003] Medicinal processed earthworms mainly rely on manual digging from the soil, electrocatching or drug-induced earthworms to meet the demand. Years of killing have caused the earthworm resources to become less and less. In addition, traditional earthworm breeding has problems such as large investment in infrastructure, difficulty in selecting large-scale breeding sites, and high labor costs, which restrict the sustainable development of large-scale ecological planting and breeding of farmland earthworms. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problems of shortage of earthworm seed sources and high seed source costs in large-scale ecological planting and breeding of farmland earthworms. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for rapid propagation and non-destructive collection of earthworm seed sources based on crop rotation, to quantify the seeding ratio of earthworm seedling fields and ecological planting and breeding fields, to solve the problem of shortage of earthworm seed sources, to realize the non-destructive and rapid collection of earthworm seed sources, and to reduce the earthworm breeding cost.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for rapid propagation and collection of earthworm seed sources, including the following steps:

[0006] Dry cropping rotation of winter crops and summer crops is adopted in paddy fields to establish earthworm seedling fields;

[0007] After the summer crops are harvested, organic fertilizers are applied. According to the earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field, the earthworm seed retention ratio Y and the earthworm harvest ratio B are determined. After collecting the earthworms, winter crops are planted;

[0008] The earthworm seed retention ratio Y = 30% - 5%A, B + Y = 100%;

[0009] The earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field > 200 pieces / m 2 ;

[0010] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 200 < X ≤ 250 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 0;

[0011] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 250 < X ≤ 300 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 0.5;

[0012] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 300 < X ≤ 350 worms / m 2 , the value of A is 1;

[0013] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 350 < X ≤ 400 worms / m 2 , the value of A is 1.5;

[0014] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 400 < X ≤ 450 worms / m 2 , the value of A is 2;

[0015] When the earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field is 450 < X ≤ 500 worms / m 2 , the value of A is 2.5;

[0016] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 500 < X ≤ ~550 worms / m 2 , the value of A is 3;

[0017] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 550 < X ≤ 600 worms / m 2 , the value of A is 3.5;

[0018] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 600 < X ≤ 700 worms / m 2 , the value of A is 4;

[0019] When the earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field is X > 700 worms / m 2 , the value of A is 4.5;

[0020] During the cultivation process of the summer crops, during the earthworm spawning and aestivation stages, keep the soil temperature ≤ 32°C and the humidity at 30 - 40%. During the earthworm egg hatching stage, keep the soil temperature at 20 - 26°C and the humidity at 35 - 50%.

[0021] Preferably, the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 200 - 300 kg / mu.

[0022] Preferably, the method for keeping the soil temperature ≤ 32°C and the humidity at 30 - 40% during the earthworm spawning and aestivation stages includes: flooding with a light irrigation every 15 - 20 days, covering the above-ground crops with greenery, straw, and carrying out reasonable irrigation.

[0023] Preferably, the method for keeping the soil temperature at 20 - 26°C and the humidity at 35 - 50% during the earthworm egg hatching stage includes: flooding with a light irrigation every 7 - 10 days.

[0024] Preferably, after determining the earthworm harvesting ratio B, it further includes: determining the ratio L of the area of the earthworm ecological farming field to the area of the earthworm seedling field according to the earthworm population density X and the earthworm harvesting ratio B, where the ratio L = X×B / 30, and putting the harvested earthworms into the earthworm ecological farming field for breeding.

[0025] Preferably, the method for collecting earthworms includes: burying an earthworm collection device to form a conical earthworm refuge island and then flooding it;

[0026] The earthworm collection device includes a cage frame and a cage cover; the cage frame includes upper and lower parts, the upper part is open, the lower part is closed, and the whole is in the shape of an hourglass that is wide at both ends and narrow in the middle;

[0027] The bottom end of the upper part of the cage frame is provided with an annular convex part that mates with the cage cover; the top of the cage cover is provided with a mesh area.

[0028] Preferably, the height of the annular convex part is 1.8 - 2.2 cm; the area of any one mesh in the mesh area is 0.8 - 1.2 cm 2 。

[0029] Preferably, the height of the upper part of the cage frame is 16.8 - 17.2 cm, in the shape of a positive V-shaped funnel, the shortest horizontal distance is 7.8 - 8.2 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 39.8 - 40.2 cm.

[0030] Preferably, the height of the lower part of the cage frame is 24.8 - 25.2 cm, in the shape of an inverted bowl, the shortest horizontal distance is 7.8 - 8.2 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 49.8 - 50.2.

[0031] The present invention also provides an earthworm non-destructive collection device, including a cage frame and a cage cover; the cage frame is composed of upper and lower parts, the upper part is open, the lower part is closed, and the whole is in the shape of an hourglass that is wide at both ends and narrow in the middle. The bottom end of the upper part of the cage frame is provided with an annular convex part that mates with the cage cover, and the height of the annular convex part is 1.8 - 2.2 cm; the top of the cage cover is provided with a mesh area, and the area of any one mesh in the mesh area is 0.8 - 1.2 cm 2 ;

[0032] The height of the upper part of the cage frame is 16.8 - 17.2 cm, in the shape of a positive V-shaped funnel, the shortest horizontal distance is 7.8 - 8.2 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 39.8 - 40.2 cm;

[0033] The height of the lower part of the cage frame is 24.8 - 25.2 cm, in the shape of an inverted bowl, the shortest horizontal distance is 7.8 - 8.2 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 49.8 - 50.2 cm.

[0034] Beneficial effects:

[0035] The present invention provides a method for rapid propagation and collection of earthworm germplasm resources. In paddy fields, dry cropping rotation of winter crops and summer crops is adopted to establish earthworm seedling fields; after the summer crops are harvested, organic fertilizers are applied. According to the earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling fields, the earthworm reserved-seed ratio Y and the earthworm harvest ratio B are determined. After collecting the earthworms, winter crops are planted. The present invention adopts dry cropping rotation of winter crops and summer crops in paddy fields to establish seedling fields, and selects seedling fields with an earthworm population density X > 200 earthworms / m 2 as earthworm seedling fields; by planting winter crops and applying more organic fertilizers, the input of soil organic materials is increased to ensure sufficient supply of food for young earthworms, thereby increasing the population base of adult earthworms in the fields. After the winter crops are harvested, summer crops are planted. The temperature and humidity during the earthworm spawning and aestivation stages, as well as the earthworm egg hatching stage, are strictly limited to keep the soil temperature and humidity in summer within the tolerable range of adult earthworms, so as to promote adult earthworms to spawn smoothly and pass through aestivation safely, ensuring normal hatching of earthworm eggs, and realizing rapid propagation of earthworm germplasm resources; it is confirmed that the earthworm harvest ratio B can not only ensure sufficient basic population for the next year, but also be used to seed larger areas of earthworm ecological farming fields, thus effectively solving the problem of shortage of earthworm germplasm resources for large-scale ecological farming in farmlands.

[0036] Furthermore, after determining the earthworm harvest ratio B, according to the earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling fields and the earthworm harvest ratio B, the ratio L of the area of the ecological farming fields to the area of the earthworm seedling fields is determined to quantify the seeding ratio of the earthworm ecological farming fields to the seedling fields. Farmers can determine the area of the fields for earthworm ecological farming based on the area of the earthworm seedling fields, realizing self-breeding of earthworms by farmers, greatly reducing the seeding cost, and promoting cost reduction and efficiency increase. Since the current main method for rapid earthworm harvest is electroshock method, but the reproductive ability of earthworms drops significantly after electroshock, which is extremely unfavorable for the rapid propagation of earthworm germplasm resources. The present invention realizes non-destructive and rapid collection of earthworm germplasm resources by burying earthworm collection devices, forming a conical earthworm refuge island and then flooding it, forcing earthworms to migrate to the refuge island where the earthworm collection devices are installed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments.

[0038] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the earthworm collection device in Embodiment 1;

[0039] Figure 2 Field map of soybeans during the pod-setting stage (earthworm dormancy period) in the rotation mode in Embodiment 2;

[0040] Figure 3 Field map of soybeans during the mature stage (earthworm egg hatching period) in the rotation mode in Embodiment 2;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a field picture of rapeseed during the seedling stage (the growth period of young earthworms) under the rotation mode of Example 2;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a field picture of young earthworms during the seedling stage (the growth period of young earthworms) of rapeseed under the rotation mode of Example 2. Specific implementation manner

[0043] The present invention provides a method for rapid propagation and collection of earthworm germplasm resources, comprising the following steps:

[0044] A winter crop and a summer crop are used for dry cropping rotation in a paddy field to establish an earthworm seedling field;

[0045] After the summer crop is harvested, organic fertilizer is applied. According to the earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field, the earthworm reseeding ratio Y and the earthworm harvesting ratio B are determined. After collecting the earthworms, a winter crop is planted;

[0046] The earthworm reseeding ratio Y = 30% - 5%A, B + Y = 100%;

[0047] The earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field > 200 pieces / m 2 ;

[0048] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 200 < X ≤ 250 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 0;

[0049] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 250 < X ≤ 300 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 0.5;

[0050] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 300 < X ≤ 350 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 1;

[0051] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 350 < X ≤ 400 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 1.5;

[0052] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 400 < X ≤ 450 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 2;

[0053] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 450 < X ≤ 500 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 2.5;

[0054] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 500 < X ≤ 550 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 3;

[0055] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 550 < X ≤ 600 worms / m 2 , the value of A is 3.5;

[0056] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 600 < X ≤ 700 worms / m 2 , the value of A is 4;

[0057] When the earthworm population density X > 700 worms / m in the earthworm seedling field 2 , the value of A is 4.5;

[0058] During the cultivation of the summer crops, during the earthworm spawning and aestivation stages, keep the soil temperature ≤ 32°C and the humidity at 30 - 40%. During the earthworm egg hatching stage, keep the soil temperature at 20 - 26°C and the humidity at 35 - 50%.

[0059] As an implementation method, the application rate of the organic fertilizer in the present invention is 200 - 300 kg / mu; as another implementation method, the application rate of the organic fertilizer in the present invention is 250 kg / mu. As an implementation method, the organic fertilizer in the present invention is well-rotted cow dung. The present invention utilizes well-rotted cow dung to further reduce the earthworm breeding cost compared with other organic fertilizers.

[0060] As an implementation method, the method for keeping the soil temperature ≤ 32°C and the humidity at 30 - 40% during the earthworm spawning and aestivation stages in the present invention includes: irrigating with a light running water every 15 - 20 days, carrying out green covering, straw covering on the above-ground crops and reasonable irrigation. As an implementation method, the planting method of the summer crops in the present invention is no-till planting. As an implementation method, when sowing the summer crops in the present invention, use the straw of the winter crops for covering, and irrigate with a light running water every 15 - 20 days after sowing. As an implementation method, the sowing time of the summer crops in the present invention is from May 15th to May 25th every year; as another implementation method, the sowing time of the summer crops in the present invention is May 18th every year.

[0061] As an implementation method, the method for keeping the soil temperature at 20 - 26°C and the humidity at 35 - 50% during the earthworm spawning and aestivation stages in the present invention includes: irrigating with a light running water every 15 - 20 days, carrying out green covering and straw covering on the above-ground crops. As an implementation method, the time for irrigating with a light running water every 15 - 20 days in the present invention is from the middle and late August to the early September every month.

[0062] As an implementation method, the winter crops in the present invention include one or more of rape, Chinese cabbage and mustard; as another implementation method, the winter crops in the present invention are rape. As an implementation method, the summer crops in the present invention include one or more of soybean, cotton and corn; as another implementation method, the summer crops in the present invention are soybean.

[0063] As an implementation manner, after determining the earthworm harvesting ratio B of the present invention, according to the earthworm population density X and the earthworm harvesting ratio B, the ratio L of the area of the earthworm ecological farming field to the area of the earthworm seedling field is determined, and the ratio L = X×B / 30. The harvested earthworms are put into the earthworm ecological farming field for breeding.

[0064] As an implementation manner, the method for collecting earthworms in the present invention includes: burying an earthworm collection device to form a conical earthworm refuge island;

[0065] The earthworm collection device includes a cage frame and a cage cover; the cage frame includes upper and lower parts, the upper part is open, the lower part is closed, and the whole is in a hourglass shape with wide upper and lower ends and narrow middle;

[0066] An annular convex part paired with the cage cover is provided at the bottom end of the upper part of the cage frame; a mesh hole area is arranged at the top of the cage cover.

[0067] As an implementation manner, the height of the annular convex part in the present invention is 1.8 - 2.2 cm; as another implementation manner, the height of the annular convex part in the present invention is 2 cm. As an implementation manner, the area of any one mesh hole in the mesh hole area of the present invention is 0.8 - 1.2 cm 2 ; as another implementation manner, the area of any one mesh hole in the mesh hole area of the present invention is 1 cm 2 .

[0068] As an implementation manner, the height of the upper part of the cage frame in the present invention is 16.8 - 17.2 cm; as another implementation manner, the height of the upper part of the cage frame in the present invention is 17 cm. As an implementation manner, the upper part of the cage frame is in the shape of a regular V-shaped funnel, the shortest horizontal distance is 7.8 - 8.2 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 39.8 - 40.2 cm; as another implementation manner, the upper part of the cage frame is in the shape of a regular V-shaped funnel, the shortest horizontal distance is 8 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 40 cm.

[0069] As an implementation manner, the height of the lower part of the cage frame in the present invention is 24.8 - 25.2 cm; as another implementation manner, the height of the lower part of the cage frame in the present invention is 25 cm. The lower part of the cage frame in the present invention is in the shape of an inverted bowl, the shortest horizontal distance is 7.8 - 8.2 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 49.8 - 50.2 cm; as another implementation manner, the lower part of the cage frame in the present invention is in the shape of an inverted bowl, the shortest horizontal distance is 8 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 50 cm.

[0070] The present invention also provides an earthworm non-destructive collection device, which includes a cage frame and a cage cover; the cage frame is composed of upper and lower parts, both the upper and lower parts are provided with circular openings, and the whole is in the shape of an hourglass that is wide at both ends and narrow in the middle. The bottom end of the upper part of the cage frame is provided with an annular convex part that is paired with the cage cover, and the height of the annular convex part is 2 cm; a mesh area is arranged at the top of the cage cover, and the area of any mesh in the mesh area is 1 cm 2 ;

[0071] The height of the upper part of the cage frame is 17 cm, in the shape of a positive V-shaped funnel, the shortest horizontal distance is 8 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 40 cm;

[0072] The height of the lower part of the cage frame is 25 cm, in the shape of an inverted bowl, the shortest horizontal distance is 8 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 50 cm.

[0073] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following describes in detail a method for rapid propagation and non-destructive collection of earthworm seed sources based on crop rotation provided by the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] An earthworm collection device as Figure 1 shown, which is composed of a cage frame and a cage cover; the cage frame is composed of upper and lower parts, the upper part is provided with a circular opening, and the lower part is closed. The whole is in the shape of an hourglass that is wide at both ends and narrow in the middle;

[0076] The top end of the upper part of the cage frame is provided with an annular convex part that is paired with the cage cover, and the height of the annular convex part is 2 cm; a mesh area is arranged at the top of the cage cover, which is a channel for young earthworms to enter the cage frame, and the area of any mesh in the mesh area is 1 cm 2 ;

[0077] The height of the upper part of the cage frame is 17 cm, in the shape of a positive V-shaped funnel, the shortest horizontal distance (i.e., the shortest horizontal distance in the middle of the hourglass shape) is 8 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 40 cm;

[0078] The height of the lower part of the cage frame is 25 cm, in the shape of an inverted bowl, the shortest horizontal distance (i.e., the shortest horizontal distance in the middle of the hourglass shape) is 8 cm, and the longest horizontal distance is 50 cm.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] Based on the crop rotation system, the winter crop is rapeseed and the summer crop is soybean, and the rapid propagation and non-destructive collection of earthworms are carried out. The specific steps are as follows:

[0081] (1) Increase the number of adult earthworms and increase the egg production

[0082] After the soybeans are harvested, from October 10th to October 15th, in combination with the earthworm population density (X, pieces / m 2 ) in the earthworm seedling field, determine the earthworm seed retention ratio in the earthworm seedling field. The earthworm seed retention ratio Y in the earthworm seedling field is Y = 30% - 5%A, and the earthworm seed retention density is Z = X×Y; among them, the earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field > 200 pieces / m 2 ;

[0083] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 200 < X ≤ 250 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 0;

[0084] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 250 < X ≤ 300 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 0.5;

[0085] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 300 < X ≤ 350 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 1;

[0086] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 350 < X ≤ 400 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 1.5;

[0087] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 400 < X ≤ 450 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 2;

[0088] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 450 < X ≤ 500 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 2.5;

[0089] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 500 < X ≤ 550 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 3;

[0090] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 550 < X ≤ 600 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 3.5;

[0091] When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 600 < X ≤ 700 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 4;

[0092] When the earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field > 700 pieces / m 2 , the value of A is 4.5.

[0093] (2) Ensure safe aestivation and ensure the smooth hatching of earthworm eggs

[0094] On May 18th, soybeans were planted without tillage, and rapeseed straw was evenly covered after sowing to facilitate the rapid emergence and growth of soybean seeds. After sowing, a light irrigation was carried out, and then a light irrigation was carried out every 15 to 20 days. Through the green coverage of above-ground crops, straw coverage and reasonable irrigation, the soil temperature was reduced and the moisture was retained, ensuring the smooth egg-laying and safe summer dormancy of earthworms. From mid-late August to early September, a light irrigation was carried out every 7 to 10 days. By increasing the irrigation frequency, the soil temperature was reduced and the humidity was increased, ensuring the smooth hatching of earthworm eggs. The field pictures during the pod-bearing stage of soybeans (the dormancy period of earthworms) and the mature stage of soybeans (the hatching period of earthworm eggs) are shown in sequence as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown below.

[0095] (3) Rapid growth of young earthworms and rapid and damage-free collection of earthworm seedlings

[0096] On September 16th, summer soybeans were harvested using a harvester equipped with a supporting straw crushing and evenly spreading device. After harvesting the summer soybeans, 250 kg of decomposed cow dung was applied per mu to ensure sufficient food supply after the hatching of earthworm eggs. On October 13th, before harvesting the earthworm seedlings, 20 earthworm collection devices were dug per mu according to the checkerboard layout method to form round pits (with a diameter of 50 - 55 cm and a depth of 25 - 30 cm). After burying the earthworm collection devices, the excess soil was piled around and above the earthworm collection devices, and a ventilation hole of 4 - 9 cm 2 was reserved to form a conical earthworm refuge island (with a diameter of 60 - 65 cm and a height of 30 - 35 cm). At the same time, plastic films were laid around the ridges to prevent earthworms from escaping and to facilitate the collection of earthworms that gathered on the plastic films by workers.

[0097] Before harvesting the earthworm seedlings, investigate the earthworm population density X (unit: pieces / m 2 ) and the earthworm yield C (unit: kg / mu) in the earthworm seedling field. Determine the earthworm harvesting ratio B (unit: %) in the earthworm seedling field according to the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field. Calculate the earthworm harvest amount M = C × B (unit: kg / mu) based on the earthworm yield C and the earthworm harvesting ratio B. Among them,

[0098] B1 is assigned a value of 70%, corresponding to the value range of X being 200 < X ≤ 250 pieces / m 2 ;

[0099] B2 is assigned a value of 72.5%, corresponding to the value range of X being 250 < X ≤ 300 pieces / m 2 ;

[0100] B3 is assigned a value of 75%, corresponding to the value range of X being 300 < X ≤ 350 pieces / m 2 ;

[0101] B4 is assigned a value of 77.5%, corresponding to the value range of X being 350 < X ≤ 400 pieces / m2 ;

[0102] B5 is assigned a value of 80%, and the corresponding range of values of X is 400 < X ≤ 450 pieces / m 2 ;

[0103] B6 is assigned a value of 82.5%, and the corresponding range of values of X is 450 < X ≤ 500 pieces / m 2 ;

[0104] B7 is assigned a value of 85%, and the corresponding range of values of X is 500 < X ≤ 550 pieces / m 2 ;

[0105] B8 is assigned a value of 87.5%, and the corresponding range of values of X is 550 < X ≤ 600 pieces / m 2 ;

[0106] B9 is assigned a value of 90%, and the corresponding range of values of X is 600 < X ≤ 700 pieces / m 2 ;

[0107] B10 is assigned a value of 92.5%, and the corresponding range of values of X is > 700 pieces / m 2 ;

[0108] The relationship between B and Y is B + Y = 100%;

[0109] After harvesting earthworms in the earthworm seedling field, irrigate the field to a depth of 5 - 8 cm. Harvest earthworms according to the earthworm harvest in the earthworm seedling field, and leave the remaining earthworms in the original field to grow and reproduce.

[0110] (4) Earthworm seedling input and winter crop sowing

[0111] Determine the stocking area of the ecological farming and breeding field according to the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field. The ratio L of the area of the ecological farming and breeding field to the area of the earthworm seedling field is L = X × B / 30;

[0112] Among them, L is the ratio of the area of the ecological farming and breeding field to the area of the earthworm seedling field;

[0113] X is the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field, unit, pieces / m 2 ;

[0114] B is the earthworm harvest ratio in the earthworm seedling field, unit, %;

[0115] 30 is the stocking density of the ecological farming and breeding field, that is, 30 pieces / m 2 ;

[0116] On October 14th, harvest earthworms and stock them in the ecological farming and breeding field for breeding. After harvesting earthworms in the earthworm seedling field, immediately drain the water. Let the field dry for 1 - 2 days, and directly sow rapeseed without tillage. The field diagram during the seedling stage of rapeseed (i.e., the growth period of young earthworms) is as shown in Figure 4and Figure 5 as shown

[0117] Comparative Example 1

[0118] Same as Example 1, the only difference is that the summer crop is rice.

[0119] Comparative Example 2

[0120] Same as Comparative Example 1, the only difference is that the land is fallow in winter.

[0121] Test Example 1

[0122] On October 8, 2024, the population density of juvenile earthworms, the earthworm yield, and the individual biomass in the earthworm seedling fields of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2 were respectively counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0123] Table 1 Population density of juvenile earthworms, juvenile earthworm yield, and individual biomass in the earthworm seedling fields

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] It can be seen from Table 1 that under the rapeseed - soybean planting pattern, the population density of juvenile earthworms in the earthworm seedling fields is 17.973 times and 9.057 times that of the fallow - rice and rapeseed - rice patterns respectively, the juvenile earthworm yield is 19.3 times and 10.2 times that of the fallow - rice and rapeseed - rice patterns respectively, and the individual biomass of juvenile earthworms increases by 12.0% and 5.4% compared with the fallow - rice and rapeseed - rice patterns respectively. This shows that rapid multiplication of earthworm seedlings can be achieved under the rapeseed - soybean planting pattern, while the population density of juvenile earthworms and the earthworm yield in the control patterns (fallow - rice, rapeseed - rice) are significantly lower than those in the rapeseed - soybean pattern. The main reason is that under the fallow - rice and rapeseed - rice patterns, the irrigation before rice planting forces earthworms to flee from their burrows, and most of the earthworms are picked up by farmers, resulting in a significant decrease in the adult earthworm seed source.

[0127] Test Example 2

[0128] In the same way as in Example 2, rapid multiplication and non - destructive collection of earthworms were carried out in different earthworm seedling fields. On October 9, the population density of juvenile earthworms and the earthworm yield in different earthworm seedling fields were counted, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0129] Table 2 Seeding ratio under different population densities of juvenile earthworms and juvenile earthworm yields in the earthworm seedling fields

[0130]

[0131] Note: All data in the table are average values, and the seeding density in the ecological planting and breeding fields is 30 pieces / m 2, the earthworm yield after seeding in the ecological planting and breeding field is 53 - 92 kg / mu, and the average yield is 75 kg / mu.

[0132] As can be seen from Table 2, under the rapeseed - soybean planting mode, there are significant differences in the density (X) of juvenile earthworm populations and earthworm yields. When the density of juvenile earthworms increases from 233.4 individuals / m 2 to 762.3 individuals / m 2 (a variation range of 226.6%), the corresponding juvenile earthworm yield increases from 63.5 kg / mu to 205.8 kg / mu (a variation range of 224.2%), the corresponding juvenile earthworm harvest ratio increases from 70% to 92.5%, the corresponding juvenile earthworm harvest amount increases from 44.4 kg / mu to 190.4 kg / mu (a variation range of 328.4%), the corresponding juvenile earthworm reseeding ratio decreases from 30% to 7.5%, and the corresponding number of harvested juvenile earthworm populations increases from 163.4 individuals / m 2 to 705.1 individuals / m 2 (a variation range of 331.6%). The ratio of the ecological planting and breeding field to the earthworm seedling field for seeding increases from 5.4 to 23.5 (a variation range of 331.6%). The results show that the rapeseed - soybean planting mode can be used as a popularized planting mode for earthworm ecological planting and breeding fields, promoting the rapid propagation of earthworm germplasm sources. The differences in propagation effects may be mainly due to the differences in the base number of germplasm sources and irrigation during the soybean season.

[0133] As can be seen from the above content, the method provided by the present invention is based on the rotation mode of winter crops and summer crops. According to the density X of the earthworm population in the earthworm seedling field, the earthworm reseeding ratio Y and the earthworm harvest ratio B are determined, which can achieve the rapid propagation of earthworm germplasm sources, thus effectively solving the problem of the shortage of earthworm germplasm sources for large - scale ecological planting and breeding in farmland.

[0134] Although the above - mentioned embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments without creative efforts based on these embodiments, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid propagation and collection of earthworm seed sources, characterized in that: The steps include: The rice fields are rotated by winter and summer crops to establish earthworm seedling fields; After the summer crops are harvested, organic fertilizer is applied, and according to the earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field, the earthworm seed retention ratio Y and the earthworm harvest ratio B are determined, and after the earthworms are collected, winter crops are planted; The earthworm seed retention ratio Y=30%-5%A, B+Y=100%; The earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field is greater than 200 / m 2 ; When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 200<X≤250 / m 2 , the value of A is 0; When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 250<X≤300 / m 2 , the A value is 0.5; When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 300<X≤350 / m 2 , the value of A is 1; When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 350<X≤400 / m 2 , the A value is 1.5; When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 400<X≤450 / m 2 , the value of A is 2; When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 450<X≤500 / m 2 , the A value is 2.5; When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 500<X≤550 / m 2 , the value of A is 3; When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 550<X≤600 / m 2 , the A value is 3.5; When the earthworm population density in the earthworm seedling field is 600<X≤700 / m 2 , the value of A is 4; When the earthworm population density X in the earthworm seedling field is greater than 700 / m 2 , the A value is 4.5; During the cultivation of summer crops, the soil temperature is maintained at ≤32°C and the humidity is maintained at 30-40% during the earthworm egg laying and summer hibernation stages; and the soil temperature is maintained at 20-26°C and the humidity is maintained at 35-50% during the earthworm egg hatching stage.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 200-300 kg / mu.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method for maintaining the soil temperature ≤32°C and the humidity 30-40% during the earthworm egg-laying and aestivation stages includes: irrigating with running water once every 15-20 days, and green covering and straw covering of above-ground crops and reasonable irrigation.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of maintaining the soil temperature at 20-26° C. and the humidity at 35-50% during the earthworm egg hatching stage comprises: irrigating the soil with running water once every 7-10 days.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After determining the earthworm harvest ratio B, the method also includes: determining the ratio L of the area of ​​the earthworm ecological breeding field to the area of ​​the earthworm seedling field according to the earthworm population density X and the earthworm harvest ratio B, the ratio L=X×B / 30, and planting the harvested earthworms in the earthworm ecological breeding field for breeding.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method of collecting earthworms includes: burying an earthworm collection device to form a cone-shaped earthworm refuge island and then flooding it; The earthworm collecting device comprises a cage frame and a cage cover; the cage frame comprises an upper and a lower part, the upper part is open and the lower part is closed, and the whole is in the shape of an hourglass with wide ends and narrow in the middle; The upper bottom end of the cage frame is provided with an annular protrusion matched with the cage cover; the top of the cage cover is provided with a mesh area.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The height of the annular protrusion is 1.8 to 2.2 cm; the area of ​​any mesh in the mesh area is 0.8 to 1.2 cm 2 .

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The upper part of the cage frame has a height of 16.8 to 17.2 cm and is in a positive V-shaped funnel shape, with a shortest lateral distance of 7.8 to 8.2 cm and a longest lateral distance of 39.8 to 40.2 cm.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The lower part of the cage has a height of 24.8 to 25.2 cm and is in the shape of an inverted bowl. The shortest lateral distance is 7.8 to 8.2 cm and the longest lateral distance is 49.8 to 50.2 cm.

10. A device for collecting earthworms without damage, comprising a cage frame and a cage cover; the cage frame is composed of an upper and lower part, the upper part is open, the lower part is closed, and the whole is in the shape of an hourglass with wide ends and narrow in the middle, characterized in that: The upper bottom of the cage frame is provided with an annular protrusion matched with the cage cover, and the height of the annular protrusion is 1.8-2.2 cm; the top of the cage cover is provided with a mesh area, and the area of ​​any mesh in the mesh area is 0.8-1.2 cm 2 ; The upper part of the cage has a height of 16.8 to 17.2 cm, presenting a positive V-shaped funnel shape, a shortest lateral distance of 7.8 to 8.2 cm, and a longest lateral distance of 39.8 to 40.2 cm; The lower part of the cage has a height of 24.8 to 25.2 cm and is in the shape of an inverted bowl. The shortest lateral distance is 7.8 to 8.2 cm and the longest lateral distance is 49.8 to 50.2 cm.

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