Laser processing method and equipment for adjusting light transmittance of plastic part of car lamp

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser rapid forming equipment and the like, and provides a laser processing method and equipment for adjusting the light transmittance of a car lamp plastic part. The car lamp plastic part in a single light-transmitting state is formed through an injection molding process and is made of a light-transmitting high polymer material; the method comprises the following steps: determining a light transmittance change value required by the interior of a vehicle lamp plastic part according to user requirements, determining a pattern distribution position and size of which the light transmittance needs to be adjusted, selecting laser processing equipment corresponding to the characteristics of a light-transmitting high polymer material, setting laser parameters matched with the light-transmitting high polymer material and the light transmittance on the laser processing equipment, and adjusting the light transmittance of the light-transmitting high polymer material. Laser processing equipment is controlled according to set laser parameters, laser modification is conducted on the position, where light transmittance needs to be adjusted, in the transparent car lamp plastic part, so that components of a local area material in the car lamp plastic part are changed, the light transmittance of the material is changed, and light transmittance differentiated pattern distribution of the car lamp plastic part is obtained; green and pollution-free processing is realized, and the processing efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of laser rapid prototyping equipment, vehicle part manufacturing, vision inspection based on image data processing, data recognition, etc., and particularly relates to a laser processing method and a laser processing device for adjusting the light transmittance of vehicle lamp plastic parts. Background Art

[0002] As an important type of vehicle parts, vehicle lamp plastic parts can provide light transmission, decoration, and protection for vehicle lamps. In the prior art, the processing flow of vehicle lamp plastic parts generally includes injection molding of vehicle lamp plastic parts, overall light-shielding spraying or ink printing of vehicle lamp plastic parts, and laser processing of the light-transmitting parts on vehicle lamp plastic parts. The overall light-shielding spraying or ink printing of vehicle lamp plastic parts not only causes pollution, but also makes the processing technology of vehicle lamp plastic parts too complex, resulting in a reduction in the processing efficiency of vehicle lamp plastic parts and an increase in the production cost.

[0003] In summary, the prior processing of vehicle lamp plastic parts has technical problems such as easy pollution caused by overall light-shielding spraying or ink printing, low processing efficiency, and high production cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a laser processing method and a laser processing device for adjusting the light transmittance of vehicle lamp plastic parts, so as to avoid the pollution caused by overall light-shielding spraying or ink printing of vehicle lamp plastic parts, improve the processing efficiency, and reduce the production cost.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of vehicle lamp plastic parts, including: Forming a transparent vehicle lamp plastic part in a single light-transmitting state through an injection molding process, where the vehicle lamp plastic part is made of a light-transmitting polymer material; Determining the required light transmittance change value inside the vehicle lamp plastic part according to user requirements, and determining the pattern distribution position and size where the light transmittance needs to be adjusted, selecting a laser processing device corresponding to the characteristics of the light-transmitting polymer material, and setting laser parameters on the laser processing device that match the light-transmitting polymer material and the light transmittance; Controlling the laser processing device according to the set laser parameters, and performing laser modification on the positions inside the transparent vehicle lamp plastic part where the light transmittance needs to be adjusted, so as to change the composition of the material in local areas inside the vehicle lamp plastic part, thereby changing the light transmittance of the material and obtaining a pattern distribution with different light transmittances of the vehicle lamp plastic part.

[0006] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a laser processing device, which uses the above-mentioned laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part for a vehicle lamp to perform laser modification on the positions inside the transparent plastic part for a vehicle lamp that need to have their light transmittance adjusted, so as to change the composition of the material in a local area inside the plastic part for a vehicle lamp, thereby changing the light transmittance of the material and obtaining a pattern distribution with different light transmittances of the plastic part for a vehicle lamp.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a laser processing method and a laser processing device for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part for a vehicle lamp. A transparent plastic part for a vehicle lamp in a single light transmission state is formed by an injection molding process. The plastic part for a vehicle lamp is made of a light-transmitting polymer material. The value of the change in the light transmittance required inside the plastic part for a vehicle lamp is determined according to user requirements, and the position and size of the pattern distribution that needs to have its light transmittance adjusted are determined. A laser processing device corresponding to the characteristics of the light-transmitting polymer material is selected. Laser parameters matching the light-transmitting polymer material and the light transmittance are set on the laser processing device. The laser processing device is controlled according to the set laser parameters to perform laser modification on the positions inside the transparent plastic part for a vehicle lamp that need to have their light transmittance adjusted, so as to change the composition of the material in a local area inside the plastic part for a vehicle lamp, thereby changing the light transmittance of the material and obtaining a pattern distribution with different light transmittances of the plastic part for a vehicle lamp, realizing green and pollution-free processing, avoiding the pollution caused by overall light-shielding spraying or ink printing of the plastic part for a vehicle lamp, improving the processing efficiency, and reducing the production cost. Description of the Drawings

[0008] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. Some specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings in an exemplary rather than restrictive manner. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar components or parts. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part for a vehicle lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention equipped with a pulse fume extractor and a control host.

[0009] Description of the Reference Numerals: 1. Laser processing equipment; 10. Fixture; 11. Vision lens assembly; 12. Chassis door; 13. Smoking device; 14. Machine platform; 140. Loading and unloading processing table; 15. Frame; 150. Bottom box body; 151. Middle box body; 152. Top box body; 16. Chassis; 17. Laser processing assembly; 170. X-axis assembly; 171. Z-axis assembly; 172. Laser scanner with galvanometer scanner; 18. Precision UVW vision alignment platform; 2. Plastic parts for vehicle lamps 3. Pulse fume extractor 4. Control host Specific implementation manner

[0010] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0011] See Figures 1-3 , the embodiment of the present invention provides a laser processing method and a laser processing equipment for adjusting the light transmittance of plastic parts for vehicle lamps. The laser processing equipment uses the laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of plastic parts for vehicle lamps to perform laser processing on the positions of the plastic parts for vehicle lamps that need to adjust the light transmittance, so as to change the microscopic structure of the material surface of the local position of the plastic parts for vehicle lamps and obtain a light-transmitting part and a light-blocking part.

[0012] See Figures 1-3 , the laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of plastic parts for vehicle lamps includes: S201. Form a transparent plastic part for vehicle lamps in a single light-transmitting state through an injection molding process, and the plastic part for vehicle lamps is made of a light-transmitting polymer material; S202. Determine the required light transmittance change value inside the plastic part for vehicle lamps according to the user's needs, and determine the pattern distribution position and size that need to adjust the light transmittance, and select a laser processing equipment corresponding to the characteristics of the light-transmitting polymer material. The laser parameters matching the light-transmitting polymer material and the light transmittance are set on the laser processing equipment; S203. Control the laser processing equipment according to the set laser parameters, and perform laser modification on the positions inside the transparent plastic part for vehicle lamps that need to adjust the light transmittance, so as to change the composition of the material in the local area inside the plastic part for vehicle lamps, thereby changing the light transmittance of the material and obtaining a pattern distribution with different light transmittances of the plastic part for vehicle lamps.

[0013] It should be noted that in this embodiment, a laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic automotive lamp component is proposed. First, a transparent plastic automotive lamp component in a single light-transmitting state is formed through an injection molding process. Then, the required light transmittance change value inside the plastic automotive lamp component is determined according to user requirements, and the pattern distribution position and size for which the light transmittance needs to be adjusted are determined. A laser processing device corresponding to the characteristics of the light-transmitting polymer material is selected. Laser parameters matching the light-transmitting polymer material and the light transmittance are set on the laser processing device. Then, according to the set laser parameters, the laser processing device is controlled to perform laser modification on the positions inside the transparent plastic automotive lamp component where the light transmittance needs to be adjusted, so as to change the composition of the material in local areas inside the plastic automotive lamp component, thereby changing the light transmittance of the material, obtaining a pattern distribution with different light transmittances on the plastic automotive lamp component, achieving a complete abandonment of the pollution caused by traditional whole-piece spraying or printing, maintaining the dimensional accuracy and good optical quality of the part by using injection molding in one step, obtaining different light-transmitting parts on a plastic automotive lamp component substrate at the same time, so as to meet the complex appearance requirements of light guiding, decoration, and shielding coexisting in automotive lamps, fundamentally simplifying the production chain, improving the production efficiency of plastic automotive lamp components, reducing production costs, and meeting the goal of green manufacturing.

[0014] In some preferred embodiments, the set laser parameters include a laser wavelength, an energy density, a pulse frequency, and a scanning speed that are matched with the modification of the light-transmitting polymer material. The laser wavelength range for laser modification is 355 - 1064 nm. The energy density range for laser modification is 0.1 to 100 J / cm². The pulse frequency range for laser modification is 0.5 ns to 500 ns. The scanning speed range for laser modification is 10 to 2000 mm / s.

[0015] It should be noted that different polymer materials have different absorption peak positions, thermal conductivity and molecular chain breakage thresholds, and a single parameter adjustment cannot take into account processing depth, surface quality and processing efficiency. In this embodiment, by aligning the wavelength with the material absorption spectrum, efficient coupling of light energy is ensured; the deposition energy of a single pulse is accurately controlled by energy density, so that the thickness of the molten or carbonized layer can be predicted; the balance between heat accumulation and processing speed is adjusted by pulse frequency; and the scanning speed is combined with the line energy distribution to control the processing uniformity and edge transition. The four-parameter linkage of laser wavelength, energy density, pulse frequency and scanning speed provides a set of calculable, repeatable and batch curable process windows, supports automatic adjustment of the entire line, avoids the unqualified rate caused by empirical machine adjustment, further improves the yield and reduces the processing time of a single piece. In addition, the laser wavelength is limited to 355-1064 nm, which can cover the three bands with the highest cost and performance maturity in current industrial lasers (355 / 532 / 1064 nm). Although it is also possible to process outside this range (such as 266 nm, 2 µm), the corresponding lasers are expensive or power-consuming, and the maintenance cost is high, which is not conducive to the economy of mass production of automotive parts. At the same time, too short wavelengths can easily lead to difficulty in fiber coupling, and too long wavelengths can lead to insufficient energy coupling. In this embodiment, the equipment selection and material absorption are reasonably matched through the bidirectional constraints of the upper and lower limits of the wavelength. In addition, energy density less than 0.1 J / cm² cannot produce sufficient local temperature rise, and it is difficult to change the transmittance; energy density greater than 100 J / cm² is prone to carbonization penetration or blistering instability, affecting the mechanical integrity of the parts. The energy density range of 0.1 to 100 J / cm² covers the entire process from mild modification, refractive index modulation to complete modification and shading. The continuous transition between grayscale and blackness can be achieved through segmented adjustment, providing rich design freedom for the optical modeling of car lights; it is also a process window that is more universal after the average power, scanning speed, and pulse overlap of the equipment are converted to each other, which is conducive to rapid replication across models and materials. In addition, considering the low thermal diffusion coefficient of polymer materials, if the frequency is too low (less than 0.5 ns), the pulses will be excessively cooled, and the line speed needs to be reduced to maintain overlap, which reduces efficiency; if it is too high (greater than 500 ns), the single pulse energy is insufficient, and heat accumulation can easily cause the carbonized layer to wrinkle. In this embodiment, the setting of the pulse frequency range of 0.5 ns to 500 ns not only covers all models of common MOPA and solid pulse lasers, but also optimizes the modulation depth through frequency and duty cycle to achieve a balance between high speed and quality. In addition, when the scanning speed is limited to the range of 10-2000 mm / s, high-speed scanning can be used to improve production capacity for wide light-transmitting bands or large light-shielding areas; low speed is used to ensure uniform depth for fine optical waveguide patterns.

[0016] In some preferred embodiments, the light-transmitting polymer material is selected from at least one of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene. It should be noted that the light-transmitting polymer material selected from at least one of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene is only a preferred example. In practice, the selection of the light-transmitting polymer material includes but is not limited to polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene. The laser processing equipment adopts one or more combinations of infrared laser, ultraviolet laser or green laser. It should be noted that the headlight housing has strict requirements on light transmittance, impact resistance, weather resistance and dimensional stability, and polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene have been proven to be mature in the automotive lighting industry. In addition, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene have weak absorption in the near-infrared region (1064 nm), and are prone to melting and recondensation mechanisms dominated by photothermal effects, which are suitable for deep shading; in the 355 nm ultraviolet region, the molecules have strong absorption and mainly follow the photochemical chain rupture path, which can obtain fine patterns with lower heat-affected zones and smaller carbonization color differences; 532 nm green light has both absorptivity and beam quality, which is suitable for high-speed scanning. The band can be selected according to the different requirements of the light transmission band width, resolution and color of the headlights, or the dual-wavelength sequential processing can be used to achieve both low cost and high resolution.

[0017] In some preferred embodiments, the laser processing is performed in a multiple-scan manner to gradually reduce the light transmittance of a local area of the vehicle lamp plastic part. An interval time is set between each scan of the multiple scans to control the thermal accumulation effect of the vehicle lamp plastic part. It should be noted that a single high-energy scan is likely to generate abrupt stress and carbonization cracks locally, thereby affecting the mechanical strength and appearance quality of the part; while the layered progressive processing can gradually adjust the refractive index and scattering degree through the accumulation effect to obtain a smoother optical transition. The multiple-scan method also facilitates the operation of a single laser with low power and high repetition rate, saving equipment investment. In addition, adding an interval time between multiple scans can adapt to the characteristics of high molecular materials with low heat capacity and slow heat dissipation. If the continuous scan interval is insufficient, the thermal accumulation will push the local temperature above the glass transition temperature, resulting in large-area melting or collapse; if the interval is too long, the rhythm will be slowed down. Adding an interval time between multiple scans can ensure the stability of the material structure and improve the overall efficiency of the equipment. Further, when using the multiple-scan method, the gray scale and scan number mapping table is automatically determined and a one-key process call is realized. Specifically, after receiving the laser processing task call instruction for the target vehicle lamp plastic part, the preset light-transmitting and light-blocking design pattern file of the vehicle lamp plastic part is imported into the algorithm module, and the pattern file is converted into a two-dimensional pixel matrix containing the gray scale level information of the target processing area; according to the gray scale level of each pixel in the two-dimensional pixel matrix, the corresponding target scan number, single-pulse energy density and scan speed parameters are retrieved in the pre-established gray scale and scan number mapping table; when the gray scale level is between two calibrated mapping points, the approximate scan number is calculated by linear interpolation or polynomial fitting and the corresponding laser parameter set is updated synchronously to ensure that the gray scale change and the light transmittance adjustment are continuously controllable; according to the mapping result, a process instruction set containing the spatial coordinates of the processing path, the scan number sequence, the laser energy density, the scan speed and the temperature threshold is generated and sent to the motion control unit and the power control unit of the laser processing equipment at one time. The laser processing equipment automatically completes workpiece positioning, layer-by-layer scanning, real-time temperature monitoring and closed-loop parameter adjustment according to the process instruction set, so as to realize the batch and automatic precise adjustment of the light transmittance of the vehicle lamp plastic part without manual step-by-step setting.

[0018] In some preferred embodiments, during the laser processing, the temperature change of the processed area is monitored in real time, and the temperature rise of the processed area is controlled by adjusting the laser energy density and the scan speed. It should be noted that millisecond-level temperature feedback can be achieved by arranging infrared temperature measurement or photoacoustic detection near the processing point, and then the energy density or the scan speed is dynamically modified to avoid processing inconsistencies, local bubbles or stress cracking caused by process drift.

[0019] In some preferred embodiments, the surface of the plastic automotive lamp part is cleaned before laser processing to remove surface impurities thereof. Cleaning the surface of the plastic automotive lamp part before laser processing can solve the problem that the residual mold release agent, oil stain and dust of the injection molded part interfere with the laser absorption and the focal position. Pollutants can cause uneven absorption and specular reflection, resulting in uneven processing depth or local burning. Pre-cleaning by plasma, ultrasonic or ion wind electrostatic dust removal can improve and unify the surface energy, ensuring the stable distribution of the laser beam energy.

[0020] In some preferred embodiments, the light transmittance data of the processing area is collected in real time during laser processing and fed back to the laser processing equipment to dynamically adjust the laser parameters. It should be noted that for light transmittance collection, an integrating sphere photometer or a linear CCD array can be used. The light transmittance data of the processing area collected in real time is compared with the target value, so as to correct the energy or the number of scans, offset the influence of material batch difference, environmental temperature fluctuation and optical path pollution, and ensure that the light transmission band of each plastic part reaches the design transmittance tolerance.

[0021] In some preferred embodiments, the laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic automotive lamp part further includes: when it is detected that a transparent plastic automotive lamp part 2 is placed on a fixture 10 at the workpiece processing station of the laser processing equipment 1, controlling a vision lens assembly 11 arranged above the workpiece processing station on the laser processing equipment 1 to take a picture of the plastic automotive lamp part 2 to obtain a plastic part placement image reflecting the fixed position of the plastic automotive lamp part 2 on the fixture 10; analyzing the placement position of the plastic automotive lamp part 2 in the plastic part placement image, and when the placement position of the plastic automotive lamp part 2 is offset, controlling a precision UVW vision alignment platform under the fixture of the laser processing equipment to correct the placement position of the plastic automotive lamp part on the fixture; when the placement position of the plastic automotive lamp part 2 is accurate, controlling the cabinet door 12 of the laser processing equipment 1 to close; when it is detected that the cabinet door 12 of the laser processing equipment 1 is closed, controlling the laser processing equipment 1 to perform laser modification on the position inside the transparent plastic automotive lamp part 2 where the light transmittance needs to be adjusted, and simultaneously controlling a pulse fume extractor 3 arranged on one side of the laser processing equipment 1 to be turned on; the pulse fume extractor 3 is communicated with a smoking device 13 arranged above the workpiece processing station on the laser processing equipment 1 to perform pulse fume extraction on the workpiece processing station.

[0022] It should be noted that in this embodiment, when it is detected that the lamp housing plastic part 2 is placed on the fixture 10 at the workpiece processing station of the laser processing device 1, the vision lens assembly 11 provided above the workpiece processing station on the laser processing device 1 is controlled to capture an image of the lamp housing plastic part 2, so as to obtain a plastic part placement image reflecting the fixed position of the lamp housing plastic part 2 on the fixture 10. The placement position of the lamp housing plastic part 2 in the plastic part placement image is analyzed. When the placement position of the lamp housing plastic part 2 is offset, the precise UVW vision alignment platform 18 under the fixture of the laser processing device is controlled to correct the placement position of the lamp housing plastic part on the fixture. When the placement position of the lamp housing plastic part 2 is accurate, the cabinet door 12 of the laser processing device 1 is controlled to close. When it is detected that the cabinet door 12 of the laser processing device 1 is closed, the laser processing device 1 is controlled to perform laser processing on the position of the lamp housing plastic part 2 that needs transmittance adjustment, and simultaneously the pulse fume extractor 3 located on one side of the laser processing device 1 is controlled to be turned on. The pulse fume extractor 3 is communicated with the smoke suction device 13 provided above the workpiece processing station on the laser processing device 1 to perform pulse fume extraction on the workpiece processing station, thereby not only improving the processing efficiency of the lamp housing plastic part 2, reducing costs, and performing environmental protection processing, but also correcting the workpiece placement position through vision alignment, making the processing position of the lamp housing plastic part 2 accurate and improving the processing accuracy of the lamp housing plastic part 2.

[0023] In this embodiment, by capturing an image of the lamp housing plastic part 2 through the vision lens assembly 11, the placement position image of the plastic part on the fixture 10 can be obtained in real time, providing an automated and non-contact method to detect the position of the plastic part. Through this automatic detection, the error of manual alignment can be avoided, the accuracy and speed of plastic part position detection can be improved, and a foundation for subsequent precise processing can be laid. This automatic detection method not only improves the processing efficiency but also reduces manual intervention, thereby reducing the operation cost. In some preferred embodiments, an optoelectronic sensor is installed at the edge of the fixture 10. The optoelectronic sensor emits a light beam. When the lamp housing plastic part 2 is placed, the light beam is blocked to generate a changed optical signal, and the optoelectronic sensor detects the changed optical signal to detect that the lamp housing plastic part 2 is placed on the fixture 10 at the workpiece processing station of the laser processing device 1.

[0024] In this embodiment, by analyzing the placed image of the plastic part obtained by the camera, it is determined whether the plastic part 2 of the vehicle lamp is placed accurately. If a position deviation is found, the precise UVW vision alignment platform 18 under the fixture of the laser processing equipment corrects the placement position of the vehicle lamp plastic part on the fixture to ensure that each vehicle lamp plastic part 2 is in an accurate position before processing, reducing the processing error that may be caused by the position deviation, thereby improving the processing accuracy. Through this precise alignment and correction, not only can the processing accuracy be improved, but also the rejection rate can be reduced, and the material and processing costs can be lowered.

[0025] In this embodiment, after confirming that the chassis door 12 is closed, laser processing of the plastic part 2 of the vehicle lamp is started along a preset processing path to ensure the standardization and consistency of each processing. At the same time, the pulse fume extractor 3 is synchronously started, and the smoke generated during the processing is effectively removed through the smoke suction device 13, which not only improves the cleanliness of the processing environment and meets the environmental protection requirements, but also reduces the pollution and maintenance costs of the equipment. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the laser processing starts only after the chassis door 12 is closed, and the smoke suction device 13 is connected to the synchronously started pulse fume extractor 3, so that the smoke is removed inside the chassis 16, avoiding the pollution of the external air and harming human health. The fixture 10 is a rectangular fixture for adaptively placing the long-strip-shaped irregular substrate, and the smoke suction device 13 is a long-strip-shaped smoke suction device. The extension length of the long-strip-shaped smoke suction device above the workpiece processing station exceeds the length of the long-strip-shaped irregular substrate. It should be noted that the long-strip-shaped irregular substrate usually has a long length and an irregular shape, which increases the difficulty of fixing and positioning on the fixture 10. By designing a specific shape of the fixture 10 to adapt to this irregular substrate, the stable placement of the substrate on the fixture 10 can be ensured, thereby improving the accuracy during the processing. In addition, the extension length of the long-strip-shaped smoke suction device exceeds the length of the long-strip-shaped substrate, which means that the smoke can be effectively absorbed throughout the substrate processing area. Especially during large-area processing, the long-strip-shaped smoke suction device can evenly cover the entire length of the workpiece, ensuring that the smoke in all processing areas is removed in time and preventing the accumulation of smoke from having a negative impact on the processing environment and processing quality. By setting the long-strip-shaped smoke suction device, the deposition of smoke and dust can be effectively avoided, which not only helps to protect the cleanliness and stability of the processing equipment, but also improves the overall processing quality and meets the requirements of environmentally friendly processing.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, when it is detected that the cabinet door 12 of the laser processing device 1 is not closed, a prompt is given to check the malfunction of the cabinet door 12 closing function. It should be noted that when the laser processing device 1 is working, a high-energy laser beam will be generated. If the cabinet door 12 is not closed, the laser may leak out, posing a serious safety hazard to the operator. By setting the prompt function, it is ensured that the laser processing will not be started when the cabinet door 12 is not closed, thus effectively preventing accidents and protecting the safety of the operator.

[0027] In some preferred embodiments, the laser processing device 1 includes a machine table 14 and a frame 15; the frame 15 is arranged on the tabletop of the machine table 14, and a loading and unloading processing tabletop 140 is reserved on the tabletop of the machine table 14, and the fixture 10 at the workpiece processing station is arranged on the loading and unloading processing tabletop 140. It should be noted that arranging the frame 15 on the tabletop of the machine table 14 helps to optimize the spatial layout of the device, making the entire laser processing device 1 structurally compact, reducing the workshop space occupied by the device, facilitating the installation and maintenance of the device, and also helping to improve the stability and reliability of the system. Reserving the loading and unloading processing tabletop 140 on the tabletop of the machine table 14 and arranging the fixture 10 on this tabletop makes the loading and unloading of workpieces more convenient and fast. The operator can directly perform the operations of loading and unloading materials on the processing tabletop, reducing unnecessary movements and operation steps, and improving work efficiency.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments, the laser processing device 1 further includes a cabinet 16; the cabinet 16 is assembled on the machine table 14, and when the cabinet door 12 of the cabinet 16 is closed, the frame 15, the loading and unloading processing tabletop 140, and the fixture 10 at the workpiece processing station are enclosed on the tabletop of the machine table 14. It should be noted that a high-energy laser beam will be generated during the laser processing process, which has potential safety risks. The cabinet 16 is designed to enclose the laser source during the processing process to prevent the laser from leaking out and ensure the safety of the operator. By closing the cabinet door 12, the laser is completely confined within the enclosed space, avoiding damage to personnel or surrounding equipment by the laser. In addition, during the laser processing process, some tiny dust will be generated. The enclosed design of the cabinet 16 can effectively prevent the dust from overflowing and keep the working environment clean and safe.

[0029] In some preferred embodiments, the laser processing device 1 further includes a laser processing assembly 17; the laser processing assembly 17 is disposed at the top of the frame 15 and is used to perform laser processing on the position of the plastic car lamp part 2 that requires light transmittance adjustment when the chassis door 12 of the laser processing device 1 is closed. The frame 15 includes a bottom box body 150, a middle box body 151, and a top box body 152 that are connected in sequence from bottom to top; the bottom box body 150 is connected to the tabletop of the machine platform 14; the laser processing assembly 17 is disposed on the upper surface of the top box body 152, and the bottom box body 150, the middle box body 151, and the top box body 152 together form the working range of the laser processing assembly 17 by superposition. It should be noted that through the superposition structure of the bottom, middle, and top box bodies 152, a working space that expands layer by layer from bottom to top can be formed. This design enables the laser processing assembly 17 to cover a larger space, so that flexible processing operations can be carried out at different heights and positions. For the plastic car lamp part 2 with an irregular shape to be processed, this structure can provide great processing flexibility and precision control. In addition, the layered design enables each layer of the box body to be independently disassembled and maintained, facilitating the maintenance of the equipment and troubleshooting. If the laser processing assembly 17 or other components need to be repaired or upgraded, it can be directly processed for a specific layer without the need to completely disassemble the entire device.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the smoking device 13 is disposed on the front side of the middle box body 151, and the front side of the middle box body 151 is the side facing the workpiece processing station; the smoking device 13 is communicated with the pulse fume extractor 3 through a connecting pipe, the pulse fume extractor 3 is disposed at the rear side of the laser processing device 1, and the connecting pipe passes through the front side of the middle box body 151 and penetrates out of the rear side of the middle box body 151 to be communicated with the pulse fume extractor 3. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the smoking device 13 is disposed on the front side of the middle box body 151, which means that the smoking device 13 is very close to the source of the smoke and waste gas generated by laser processing, and can quickly absorb the smoke and waste gas at the moment of their generation, reducing the diffusion of the smoke and dust in the air, maximizing the absorption efficiency of the smoking device 13, helping to keep the processing environment clean, and preventing pollutants from affecting the precision of laser processing and the quality of the workpiece surface. The connecting pipe passes through the box body from the front side of the middle box body 151 and penetrates out of the rear side of the middle box body 151, and finally is connected to the pulse fume extractor 3, making the entire fume extraction system more compact, effectively utilizing the internal space of the laser processing device 1 at the same time, avoiding the exposure of the pipeline around the device, and reducing the occupation of the workshop space.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments, the vision lens assembly 11 is disposed on the front side of the top layer box body 152, above the smoking device 13, so as to be separated from the workpiece processing station by a preset anti-pollution height. The front side of the top layer box body 152 is the side facing the workpiece processing station. It should be noted that pollutants such as soot will be generated during the laser processing, and these pollutants may affect the clarity of the vision lens. If the lens assembly is disposed at a lower position or too close to the workpiece processing station, it is easily directly affected by these pollutants, resulting in contamination of the lens surface and affecting the shooting effect. By setting a preset anti-pollution height, the interference of these pollutants can be effectively avoided, ensuring a clear lens field of view, thereby guaranteeing the quality and accuracy of image capture. In addition, it can also prevent pollutants from depositing on the lens, reducing the cleaning frequency and maintenance requirements of the lens, thereby prolonging the service life of the lens assembly and reducing the maintenance cost of the equipment. Disposing the vision lens assembly 11 on the front side of the top layer box body 152 and above the smoking device 13 not only ensures that the lens can directly observe the situation of the workpiece processing station from the best perspective, but also can avoid the direct smoke generated during workpiece processing, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of vision detection.

[0032] In some preferred embodiments, the laser processing assembly 17 includes an X-axis assembly 170, a Z-axis assembly 171, and a laser galvanometer 172 with a laser scanner; the X-axis assembly 170 is disposed on the upper surface of the top layer box body 152, and the Z-axis assembly 171 connects the laser galvanometer 172 with the laser scanner and the X-axis assembly 170; the X-axis assembly 170 drives the Z-axis assembly 171 and the laser galvanometer 172 with the laser scanner to move in the X-axis direction, and the Z-axis assembly 171 drives the laser galvanometer 172 with the laser scanner to move in the Y-axis direction. The laser galvanometer 172 with the laser scanner is used for laser processing of the positions of the vehicle lamp plastic part 2 that require light transmittance adjustment. It should be noted that the X-axis assembly 170 is disposed on the upper surface of the top layer box body 152. By controlling the movement of the laser galvanometer in the X-axis direction, the horizontal length of the plastic part can be covered. Such a design allows the laser to be accurately positioned and scanned in the X-axis, ensuring that the laser beam can accurately move on the horizontal plane of the workpiece, thereby achieving high-precision processing. The Z-axis assembly 171 connects the laser galvanometer and the X-axis assembly 170 and is responsible for moving the laser galvanometer in the Z-axis (vertical direction), which can change the height of the laser focus point, so as to adapt to workpieces of different thicknesses or heights. In addition, the laser galvanometer 172 with the laser scanner can quickly adjust the direction of the laser beam to achieve high-speed and high-precision scanning and processing.

[0033] The above embodiments are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part of a vehicle lamp, characterized in that: include: A transparent headlight plastic part in a single light-transmitting state is formed by an injection molding process, wherein the headlight plastic part is made of a light-transmitting polymer material; Determine the required transmittance change value inside the headlight plastic part according to user needs, determine the pattern distribution position and size that need to adjust the transmittance, select a laser processing device corresponding to the characteristics of the light-transmitting polymer material, and set the laser parameters that match the light-transmitting polymer material and transmittance on the laser processing device; The laser processing equipment is controlled according to the set laser parameters to perform laser modification on the position inside the transparent headlight plastic part where the transmittance needs to be adjusted, so as to change the composition of the material in the local area inside the headlight plastic part, thereby changing the transmittance of the material and obtaining a pattern distribution with differentiated transmittance of the headlight plastic part.

2. The laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part of a vehicle lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The set laser parameters include laser wavelength, energy density, pulse frequency and scanning speed that match the modification of the light-transmitting polymer material.

3. The laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part of a vehicle lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-transmitting polymer material is selected from at least one of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene.

4. The laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part of a vehicle lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser processing equipment adopts one or more combinations of infrared laser, ultraviolet laser or green laser.

5. The laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part of a vehicle lamp according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laser wavelength range of laser modification is 355-1064 nm.

6. The laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part of a vehicle lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy density of laser modification ranges from 0.1 to 100 J / cm².

7. The laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part of a vehicle lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse width of the laser modification ranges from 0.5 ns to 500 ns.

8. The laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part of a vehicle lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scanning speed for laser modification ranges from 10 to 2000 mm / s.

9. The laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of a plastic part of a vehicle lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: When it is detected that a transparent headlight plastic part is placed on a fixture of a workpiece processing station of a laser processing device, a visual lens assembly arranged above the workpiece processing station on the laser processing device is controlled to photograph the headlight plastic part to obtain a plastic part placement image reflecting a fixed position of the headlight plastic part on the fixture; Analyze the placement position of the headlight plastic part in the plastic part placement image, and when the placement position of the headlight plastic part is offset, control the precision UVW visual alignment platform under the fixture of the laser processing equipment to correct the placement position of the headlight plastic part on the fixture; When the placement position of the headlight plastic part is accurate, the chassis door of the laser processing equipment is controlled to be closed; when it is detected that the chassis door of the laser processing equipment is closed, the laser processing equipment is controlled to perform laser modification on the position inside the transparent headlight plastic part where the transmittance needs to be adjusted, and the pulse smoke remover located on one side of the laser processing equipment is synchronously controlled to be turned on; the pulse smoke remover is connected to the smoking device arranged above the workpiece processing station on the laser processing equipment to perform pulse smoke removal on the workpiece processing station.

10. A laser processing device, characterized in that: The laser processing equipment uses the laser processing method for adjusting the light transmittance of the headlight plastic parts as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 to perform laser modification on the position inside the transparent headlight plastic parts where the light transmittance needs to be adjusted, so as to change the composition of the material in the local area inside the headlight plastic parts, thereby changing the light transmittance of the material and obtaining a pattern distribution with differentiated light transmittance of the headlight plastic parts.

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