High-efficiency and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing methods and equipment for titanium alloy welding wire

Abstract

This invention provides a highly efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing process and equipment for titanium alloy welding wire, comprising: sequentially subjecting titanium alloy strips to continuous cold rolling, annealing, continuous precision drawing, mechanical rough grinding, mechanical fine grinding, roll drawing for rounding, and precision drawing to obtain titanium alloy welding wire. Continuous cold rolling enables automated continuous production, significantly improving the processing efficiency of titanium alloy strips. Continuous cold rolling and continuous precision drawing refine the grains and second phase, annealing eliminates internal stress, rough grinding and fine grinding improve surface quality and dimensional accuracy, and roll drawing for rounding ensures uniform diameter and high roundness, ultimately yielding high-quality welding wire. Furthermore, mechanical rough grinding replaces chemical etching to remove oxide scale, and fine grinding ensures the dimensional accuracy of the welding wire, resulting in a more uniform and consistent surface quality, better welding processability, improved production efficiency, reduced production costs, and avoidance of environmental pollution problems caused by chemical cleaning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of titanium alloy technology, and more specifically, to a method and equipment for the efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing of titanium alloy welding wire. Background Technology

[0002] Titanium alloy welding wire possesses excellent comprehensive performance and has a wide range of applications. In the aerospace field, it is used for welding aircraft engine components and fuselage frames, ensuring structural strength and lightweighting. In medical devices, it enables precision welding of titanium alloy implants, which, due to their good biocompatibility, do not cause adverse reactions in the human body. In the chemical industry, it can be used for welding corrosion-resistant equipment, resisting the erosion of strong corrosive media such as acids and alkalis, extending the service life of equipment, making it a key welding material in many industrial fields. Currently, most titanium alloy welding wire manufacturers still use chemical methods or mechanical abrasive belt grinding and polishing to remove the oxide scale from the surface of the titanium alloy welding wire. These processes not only cause a certain degree of corrosion on the welding wire surface, uneven surface treatment, and poor dimensional accuracy, but also have low efficiency and high cost. During welding, severe spatter, unstable arc, and uneven wire feeding result in poor welding processability and weld quality, affecting the performance of the welded joint and the quality of the welded parts.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing solution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing process and equipment for titanium alloy welding wire, so as to at least solve the problems of uneven surface treatment, poor dimensional accuracy, and low surface treatment efficiency in the production of titanium alloy welding wire in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a highly efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Continuous cold rolling: The titanium alloy strip to be processed is continuously cold rolled through a three-roll mill, and its diameter is gradually reduced in the three-roll mill to obtain a first titanium alloy strip with a first diameter.

[0007] S2. Annealing treatment: The first titanium alloy strip is annealed.

[0008] S3. Continuous precision drawing: The first titanium alloy strip after annealing is drawn sequentially through multiple dies with progressively decreasing diameters to obtain a second titanium alloy strip with a second diameter smaller than the first diameter.

[0009] S4. Mechanical rough grinding: The second titanium alloy strip is sequentially inserted into multiple sets of rough grinding tools for rough grinding to remove the oxide scale on the surface of the second titanium alloy strip, resulting in a third titanium alloy strip with a third diameter, which is smaller than the second diameter.

[0010] S5. Mechanical fine grinding: The third titanium alloy strip is sequentially inserted into multiple sets of fine grinding tools for fine grinding to polish the surface of the third titanium alloy strip, resulting in a fourth titanium alloy strip with a diameter of the fourth diameter, which is smaller than the third diameter.

[0011] S6. Roller Die Drawing and Rounding: The fourth titanium alloy strip is sequentially passed through multiple sets of three-roll Y-type mills for drawing and rounding to obtain a fifth titanium alloy strip with a diameter of the fifth diameter, which is smaller than the fourth diameter.

[0012] S7. Precision drawing: The fifth titanium alloy strip is drawn to the target diameter using a polycrystalline diamond drawing die to obtain titanium alloy welding wire. The target diameter is smaller than the fifth diameter.

[0013] Optionally, in S1, the single-pass compression rate is 10% to 30%, and the rolling speed is less than or equal to 5 m / s.

[0014] Optionally, in S2, the annealing temperature is 820℃~830℃, and the holding time is 120min~130min.

[0015] Optionally, in S3, the mold is a diamond-coated mold, and calcium-based lubricating powder is used for lubrication during the drawing process.

[0016] Optionally, in S4, the rough grinding speed is 2.0 m / s to 5.0 m / s, and the surface roughness of the third titanium alloy strip is 80 to 100 μm; in S5, the fine grinding speed is 2.0 m / s to 5.0 m / s, and the surface roughness of the fourth titanium alloy strip is 0.25 to 0.35 μm.

[0017] Optionally, in S4, the included angle between adjacent rough grinding tool sets is 30° to 60°.

[0018] Optionally, in S6, the speed of drawing the gauge circle is 2.0 m / s to 5.0 m / s.

[0019] Optionally, in S7, the drawing speed is 1.0 m / s to 4.0 m / s, and the compression rate is 5% to 20%.

[0020] Optionally, after S7, it also includes:

[0021] The titanium alloy welding wire is ultrasonically cleaned with water and then dried.

[0022] Optionally, the drying temperature of the titanium alloy welding wire after cleaning is 160℃~170℃.

[0023] This application also provides a titanium alloy welding wire processing and manufacturing equipment group, applied to the efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method of the titanium alloy welding wire described in this application, the equipment group comprising:

[0024] A continuous cold rolling equipment is used to perform multiple passes of continuous cold rolling on a titanium alloy strip to be processed, gradually reducing its diameter to obtain a first titanium alloy strip with a first diameter.

[0025] Annealing equipment, the annealing equipment being used to anneal the first titanium alloy strip;

[0026] A continuous precision drawing device is used to draw the first titanium alloy strip after annealing in successive stages with decreasing diameters to obtain a second titanium alloy strip with a second diameter smaller than the first diameter.

[0027] A mechanical rough grinding device is used to rough grind a second titanium alloy strip inserted therein to remove the oxide scale on the surface of the second titanium alloy strip, so as to obtain a third titanium alloy strip with a third diameter, wherein the third diameter is smaller than the second diameter;

[0028] A mechanical grinding equipment is used to polish the surface of the third titanium alloy strip inserted therein to obtain a fourth titanium alloy strip with a fourth diameter, wherein the fourth diameter is smaller than the third diameter;

[0029] A roller die drawing and rounding device is used to draw and round the fourth titanium alloy strip that passes through it, to obtain a fifth titanium alloy strip with a fifth diameter, wherein the fifth diameter is smaller than the fourth diameter;

[0030] A precision drawing device is used to draw the fifth titanium alloy strip to a target diameter to obtain a titanium alloy welding wire, wherein the target diameter is smaller than the fifth diameter.

[0031] This invention discloses a highly efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method and equipment group for titanium alloy welding wire, comprising: continuous cold rolling: continuously cold rolling the titanium alloy strip to be processed through a three-roll mill, gradually reducing its diameter in the three-roll mill to obtain a first titanium alloy strip with a first diameter; annealing treatment: annealing the first titanium alloy strip; continuous precision drawing: the annealed first titanium alloy strip is sequentially drawn through multiple dies with progressively decreasing diameters to obtain a second titanium alloy strip with a second diameter, the second diameter being smaller than the first diameter; and mechanical rough grinding: the second titanium alloy strip is sequentially passed through multiple sets of rough grinding tools for rough grinding to remove the second titanium alloy... The oxide scale on the surface of the strip is removed to obtain a third titanium alloy strip with a third diameter, which is smaller than the second diameter. Mechanical precision grinding: The third titanium alloy strip is sequentially passed through multiple sets of precision grinding tools for surface polishing, resulting in a fourth titanium alloy strip with a fourth diameter, which is smaller than the third diameter. Roll drawing and rounding: The fourth titanium alloy strip is sequentially passed through multiple sets of three-roll Y-type mills for drawing and rounding, resulting in a fifth titanium alloy strip with a fifth diameter, which is smaller than the fourth diameter. Precision drawing: The fifth titanium alloy strip is drawn to the target diameter using a polycrystalline diamond drawing die, resulting in titanium alloy welding wire with a target diameter smaller than the fifth diameter. Therefore, continuous cold rolling allows for automated continuous production, significantly improving the processing efficiency of titanium alloy strips. The continuous precision drawing efficiency is higher than the single-pass drawing efficiency. Continuous cold rolling and continuous precision drawing refine the grains and second phase, annealing eliminates internal stress, rough grinding removes surface oxide scale, and precision grinding improves surface quality and dimensional accuracy. Roller drawing ensures uniform diameter and high roundness, ultimately yielding high-quality welding wire. Furthermore, mechanical rough grinding replaces chemical etching to remove oxide scale, and precision grinding ensures dimensional accuracy, resulting in a more uniform surface quality, better welding processability, increased production efficiency, reduced production costs, and avoidance of environmental pollution problems associated with chemical cleaning. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire, which is optional according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] This application provides a highly efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1. Continuous cold rolling: The titanium alloy strip to be processed is continuously cold rolled through a three-roll mill, and its diameter is gradually reduced in the three-roll mill to obtain a first titanium alloy strip with a first diameter.

[0037] S2. Annealing treatment: The first titanium alloy strip is annealed.

[0038] S3. Continuous precision drawing: The first titanium alloy strip after annealing is drawn sequentially through multiple dies with progressively decreasing diameters to obtain a second titanium alloy strip with a second diameter smaller than the first diameter.

[0039] S4. Mechanical rough grinding: The second titanium alloy strip is sequentially inserted into multiple sets of rough grinding tools for rough grinding to remove the oxide scale on the surface of the second titanium alloy strip, resulting in a third titanium alloy strip with a third diameter, which is smaller than the second diameter.

[0040] S5. Mechanical fine grinding: The third titanium alloy strip is sequentially inserted into multiple sets of fine grinding tools for fine grinding to polish the surface of the third titanium alloy strip, resulting in a fourth titanium alloy strip with a diameter of the fourth diameter, which is smaller than the third diameter.

[0041] S6. Roller Die Drawing and Rounding: The fourth titanium alloy strip is sequentially passed through multiple sets of three-roll Y-type mills for drawing and rounding to obtain a fifth titanium alloy strip with a diameter of the fifth diameter, which is smaller than the fourth diameter.

[0042] S7. Precision drawing: The fifth titanium alloy strip is drawn to the target diameter using a polycrystalline diamond drawing die to obtain titanium alloy welding wire. The target diameter is smaller than the fifth diameter.

[0043] Specifically, S1, continuous cold rolling refers to a processing method in which metallic materials are continuously and cyclically rolled and deformed at room temperature using a three-roll mill, with the gap between the rolls gradually decreasing in each pass. Under the pressure of the rolls, the diameter of the titanium alloy strip gradually decreases while its length continuously increases, enabling automated and continuous production and producing a large number of products in a short time. Titanium alloy strips pass continuously through multiple rolls in a multi-pass cold rolling mill, eliminating the need for frequent loading, unloading, and intermediate processing, significantly shortening the production cycle and increasing production efficiency. During multi-pass cold rolling, the grains inside the material break and deform with each pass, becoming increasingly refined with each pass. This refined grain structure improves the overall properties of titanium alloys, including strength, toughness, and plasticity. Simultaneously, multi-pass cold rolling allows for more thorough breakage and uniform distribution of second-phase particles, further improving the material's microstructure and meeting the performance requirements of high-end titanium alloy welding wire.

[0044] The titanium alloy wire rod with an initial diameter is cold rolled using a multi-pass cold rolling mill. The roll diameter and gap are gradually reduced in each pass to ensure the titanium alloy rod's diameter is uniformly reduced to the initial diameter. Special lubricants, such as titanium alloy-specific rolling oil, and a cooling system are used during the rolling process to reduce frictional heat and material deformation. After each rolling pass, a laser diameter gauge is used to inspect the diameter and surface quality of the titanium alloy rod online to ensure dimensional accuracy.

[0045] S2. Use a vacuum annealing furnace or a protective atmosphere annealing furnace, such as argon protection, to prevent oxidation of the titanium alloy strip surface. Annealing eliminates internal stress generated during cold rolling, refines grains, and improves the material's plasticity and toughness. After annealing, the titanium alloy strip undergoes hardness testing and metallographic analysis to ensure uniform microstructure.

[0046] S3. After annealing restores the plasticity of the titanium alloy strip and eliminates internal stress, continuous precision drawing can further refine the grains, making the microstructure denser. This can further improve the strength and hardness of the material to a certain extent, and further reduce the diameter of the titanium alloy strip to a second diameter, bringing it closer to the target size, and improving the surface finish and dimensional accuracy of the titanium alloy strip. Precision drawing allows for more precise control over the dimensions of annealed titanium alloy wire rods, producing products with higher dimensional accuracy. At the same time, the drawing process can improve the surface quality of the wire rod, making the surface smoother. The titanium alloy strip passes through multiple dies with decreasing diameters in sequence, and the diameter reduction rate gradually decreases with each drawing pass. Each continuous precision drawing passes through 3 to 5 dies simultaneously, and the total compression ratio Q of each cold continuous drawing can reach a maximum of 60%. Lubricants and cooling systems are used during the drawing process to reduce friction and material damage. Continuous precision drawing, instead of single-pass drawing, is 3 to 5 times more efficient than single-pass drawing, which passes through only one die each time.

[0047] S4. The titanium alloy strip is sequentially passed through multiple sets of rough grinding tools. During the rough grinding process, a coolant and dust removal system are used to reduce heat and dust. The surface roughness of the third titanium alloy strip after rough grinding is 80–100 μm. Rough grinding removes oxide scale and defects from the surface of the titanium alloy strip, providing a good surface foundation for subsequent fine grinding. The diameter of the third titanium alloy strip after rough grinding is the third diameter. The rough grinding tools are made of high-hardness materials, such as diamond wheels or steel brushes. The number of sets of rough grinding tools is not limited; 10 sets, 12 sets, or other numbers are acceptable.

[0048] S5. The titanium alloy strip is sequentially passed through multiple sets of precision grinding tools. During the grinding process, a coolant and dust removal system are used to ensure surface quality. The resulting fourth titanium alloy strip has the fourth diameter and a surface roughness of 0.25–0.35 μm. Mechanical precision grinding improves the surface finish of the titanium alloy strip, further enhancing dimensional accuracy and providing high-quality material for subsequent processes. The precision grinding tools utilize ultra-fine-grained materials, such as high-mesh abrasive belts. The symmetrical arrangement of these high-mesh abrasive belts facilitates the application of uniform pressure and friction to the titanium alloy strip during polishing, ensuring uniform polishing of all parts of the surface and preventing over- or under-polishing in certain areas. Using high-mesh abrasive belts for polishing achieves higher surface finish and precision for the titanium alloy welding wire, reducing microscopic defects and roughness, resulting in a smoother and flatter surface.

[0049] S6. Due to the poor roundness of the titanium alloy welding wire after rough and fine grinding, it is necessary to adjust the roundness of the welding wire. The main purpose of this step is not to reduce the diameter, but to adjust the roundness of the welding wire to meet the usage requirements. Roll drawing and rounding involves using multiple sets of three-roll Y-type mills to draw and round the titanium alloy strip, making its diameter more uniform and its roundness higher. During the operation, the titanium alloy strip passes through multiple sets of three-roll Y-type mills sequentially, with the reduction rate gradually decreasing in each pass. Lubricants and cooling systems are also used during the rolling process to reduce friction and material damage. The multiple sets of three-roll Y-type mills are distributed at 120° intervals, and the number of sets of three-roll Y-type mills ranges from 3 to 12.

[0050] S7. The purpose of precision drawing is to not only meet the usage requirements of the titanium alloy strip, but also to further improve its roundness and surface quality, resulting in a beautiful and bright welding wire surface. The titanium alloy strip is drawn through a polycrystalline diamond drawing die. The high-precision die aperture ensures that the diameter of the titanium alloy strip is rounded to the target size, yielding a high-quality titanium alloy welding wire.

[0051] This application utilizes continuous cold rolling, enabling automated continuous production and significantly improving the processing efficiency of titanium alloy welding wire. Continuous precision drawing is 3-5 times more efficient than single-pass drawing. Continuous cold rolling and continuous precision drawing refine the grains and second phase, annealing eliminates internal stress, and rough and fine grinding improves surface quality and dimensional accuracy. Roller drawing ensures uniform diameter and high roundness, ultimately yielding high-quality welding wire. Furthermore, mechanical rough grinding replaces chemical etching to remove oxide scale, and precision grinding ensures dimensional accuracy of the welding wire. The surface quality of the welding wire is more uniform and consistent, resulting in better welding processability, improved production efficiency, reduced production costs, and avoidance of environmental pollution problems caused by chemical cleaning.

[0052] In one possible implementation, in S1, the single-pass compression rate is 10% to 30%, and the rolling speed is less than or equal to 5 m / s.

[0053] Specifically, if the single-pass compression ratio exceeds 10%–30%, excessive compression can easily lead to a sharp increase in internal stress in the titanium alloy, causing defects such as cracks. Controlling the compression ratio within 10%–30% ensures product integrity. This compression ratio range, combined with a rolling speed of 5 m / s or less, allows for uniform and refined grain structure within the material, improving overall properties such as strength, toughness, and plasticity. Simultaneously, it facilitates precise control of uniformly reducing the diameter of the titanium alloy strip, and with the aid of a laser diameter gauge, dimensional accuracy can be ensured. In terms of production stability, a moderate compression ratio and a lower rolling speed reduce mill load, minimize equipment failures and wear, ensure continuous and stable production, and improve product quality consistency.

[0054] In one possible implementation, in step S2, the annealing temperature is 820°C to 830°C, and the holding time is 120 min to 130 min.

[0055] Specifically, setting the annealing temperature to 820℃~830℃ and the holding time to 120min~130min, with a preferred annealing temperature of 825℃ and a holding time of 125min, allows for sufficient atomic migration and rearrangement, effectively eliminating over 80% of the internal stress in the titanium alloy strip after continuous cold rolling, thus improving dimensional stability. It also promotes grain recrystallization, reducing the average grain size, increasing elongation, refining the grains, homogenizing the microstructure, and improving plasticity and toughness. If the annealing temperature is too high, the atomic activity of the titanium alloy intensifies, leading to abnormal grain growth, which reduces the material's strength, hardness, and toughness. It also exacerbates surface oxidation, affecting appearance, corrosion resistance, and weldability, while increasing energy consumption and equipment costs. If the annealing temperature is too low, atomic activity is weak, internal stress is not completely eliminated, and subsequent deformation and cracking are likely. Furthermore, insufficient recrystallization results in poor grain refinement and microstructure homogenization, failing to effectively improve plasticity and toughness. Excessive heat preservation time will cause excessive grain growth, increased energy consumption and reduced production efficiency; insufficient heat preservation time will result in insufficient atomic diffusion, inadequate internal stress relief and microstructure improvement, and affect material performance.

[0056] In one possible implementation, in S3, the mold is a diamond-coated mold, and calcium-based lubricating powder is used for lubrication during the drawing process.

[0057] Specifically, the substrate of the diamond-coated die is cemented carbide, which possesses high hardness, high strength, and excellent wear resistance. Diamond is the hardest known natural substance; after coating the surface of the cemented carbide die with a diamond coating, the die's hardness is further enhanced. Its Vickers hardness can reach approximately 10,000 HV, increasing wear resistance several times or even tens of times compared to uncoated cemented carbide dies. During the drawing process, it can withstand the intense friction between the titanium alloy strip and the die, effectively reducing die wear, significantly extending die life, and lowering production costs. Simultaneously, the diamond coating has an extremely low coefficient of friction, typically between 0.05 and 0.1, which greatly reduces the friction between the titanium alloy wire and the die during drawing, lowering the drawing force and thus improving drawing efficiency. It also helps improve the surface quality of the titanium alloy wire, reducing surface scratches and cracks. Calcium-based lubricating powder is made by thickening mineral oil with fatty acid calcium soap as a thickener. During the drawing process, the calcium-based lubricating powder can form a continuous and stable lubricating film between the titanium alloy strip and the diamond-coated die. This lubricating film possesses excellent compressive strength and adsorption properties, effectively isolating the wire from direct contact with the die, further reducing the coefficient of friction, and minimizing drawing force and die wear. Furthermore, the calcium-based lubricating powder exhibits certain heat resistance, maintaining good lubrication performance even under the high temperatures generated during drawing, preventing adhesion and seizing between the titanium alloy strip and the die surface due to high temperatures, thus ensuring smooth drawing. In addition, the calcium-based lubricating powder is relatively inexpensive and easy to use, contributing to improved production efficiency. The combined use of the diamond-coated die and calcium-based lubricating powder results in more uniform stress and more stable deformation of the titanium alloy strip during drawing, improving the dimensional and shape accuracy of the strip, keeping diameter tolerances within a minimal range, and achieving more precise roundness. Simultaneously, good lubrication and low friction reduce surface damage to the titanium alloy strip, improving its surface finish.

[0058] In one possible implementation, in S4, the rough grinding speed is 2.0 m / s to 5.0 m / s, and the surface roughness of the third titanium alloy strip is 80 to 100 μm; in S5, the fine grinding speed is 2.0 m / s to 5.0 m / s, and the surface roughness of the fourth titanium alloy strip is 0.25 to 0.35 μm.

[0059] Specifically, rough grinding is used to remove oxide scale and defects from the surface of titanium alloy strips. If the speed exceeds 5.0 m / s, the grinding force and heat generated will increase significantly, potentially causing defects such as burns and cracks on the surface of the titanium alloy strip, affecting subsequent processing. Speeds below 2.0 m / s are inefficient and may cause localized roughness differences due to uneven grinding. Maintaining a speed between 2.0 m / s and 5.0 m / s ensures grinding efficiency while achieving a suitable surface roughness range, providing a good foundation for subsequent fine grinding.

[0060] Fine grinding is used to improve surface finish and dimensional accuracy. This speed range ensures that high-grit abrasive belts can finely grind titanium alloy strips. Too high a speed results in insufficient contact time between the abrasive belt and the titanium alloy strip, making it difficult to achieve the desired finish; too low a speed leads to low efficiency. Fine grinding at this speed results in a lower surface roughness value and a smoother, more even surface.

[0061] In one possible implementation, in S4, the included angle between adjacent rough grinding tool sets is 30° to 60°.

[0062] Specifically, multiple sets of rough grinding tools are arranged in pairs to form grinding tool pairs, with the included angle between adjacent grinding tool pairs being 30° to 60°. This arrangement ensures that the welding wire is subjected to the action of the steel brushes at all angles as it passes through the steel brush pairs, enabling more comprehensive and uniform removal of surface oxide scale.

[0063] In one possible implementation, in S6, the speed at which the gauge is drawn is 2.0 m / s to 5.0 m / s.

[0064] Specifically, if the speed exceeds 5.0 m / s, the titanium alloy strip passes through the three-roll Y-type mill too quickly, and the pressure and deformation force applied by the rolls are applied for too short a time, making it difficult to fully homogenize the diameter and improve roundness. The roundness error may exceed ±0.03 mm. If the speed is below 2.0 m / s, the processing efficiency is low. However, within the range of 2.0 m / s to 5.0 m / s, the rolls can fully exert force on the titanium alloy strip, controlling the roundness error within ±0.01 mm and the diameter tolerance within ±0.02 mm, effectively ensuring the shape and dimensional accuracy of the product. In addition, excessively high speeds can cause uneven distribution of internal stress in the material, reducing its strength and toughness; excessively slow speeds may lengthen the processing cycle and increase the risk of the material being affected by external factors. Drawing and rounding within this speed range allows for the uniform release of internal stress in the material, ensuring stable material properties.

[0065] In one possible implementation, in S7, the drawing speed is 1.0 m / s to 4.0 m / s, and the compression rate is 5% to 20%.

[0066] Specifically, if the drawing speed exceeds 4.0 m / s, the drawing force of the titanium alloy strip changes rapidly when passing through the polycrystalline diamond drawing die, making it difficult to precisely control the dimensions. While a speed below 1.0 m / s ensures dimensional accuracy, production efficiency is extremely low. Controlling the speed between 1.0 m / s and 4.0 m / s allows the titanium alloy strip to pass smoothly through the drawing die, enabling precise diameter control. A compression ratio exceeding 20% ​​results in excessive deformation in a single drawing, easily causing uneven deformation of the titanium alloy strip and affecting dimensional accuracy. A compression ratio below 5% requires multiple drawing operations to achieve the target size, leading to low efficiency and potential cumulative dimensional errors. At a compression ratio of 5% to 20%, the deformation in each drawing is moderate, allowing the titanium alloy strip to be drawn to the target size gradually and precisely, ensuring diameter consistency and accuracy.

[0067] In one possible implementation, after S7, the following is also included:

[0068] The titanium alloy welding wire is ultrasonically cleaned with water and then dried.

[0069] Specifically, after obtaining the titanium alloy welding wire, it undergoes ultrasonic water cleaning. Ultrasonic water cleaning utilizes the cavitation effect generated by ultrasound in a liquid to penetrate deep into the tiny pores and grooves on the surface of the titanium alloy welding wire, effectively removing impurities such as calcium-based lubricating powder, metal debris, and oil residue left during the drawing process. The ultrasonic technology in this application employs multi-frequency ultrasonic cleaning, using ultrasound of different frequencies simultaneously on the surface of the titanium alloy welding wire to ensure that impurities of different sizes are effectively removed. Compared to ordinary cleaning methods, ultrasonic cleaning achieves higher cleanliness, reducing the impurity residue rate on the welding wire surface to below 0.1%, ensuring the purity of the welding wire surface.

[0070] Drying the cleaned titanium alloy welding wire quickly removes moisture from its surface, preventing oxidation and corrosion in humid environments. Moisture accelerates the reaction between the titanium alloy and oxygen in the air, forming an oxide film and reducing the welding wire's corrosion resistance. After drying, the moisture content on the welding wire surface can be reduced to below 0.01%, significantly extending its shelf life, reducing quality problems caused by corrosion, and ensuring the performance stability of the welding wire during storage and use.

[0071] After drying, the titanium alloy welding wire is coiled up, making it easy to classify, mark, and inventory. It can be neatly arranged according to specifications, models, batches, and other information, facilitating quick retrieval and use by staff.

[0072] In one possible implementation, the drying temperature of the titanium alloy welding wire after cleaning is 160℃~170℃.

[0073] Specifically, the drying temperature of the titanium alloy welding wire after ultrasonic cleaning is controlled between 160℃ and 170℃, with 165℃ being the preferred temperature. This suitable drying temperature ensures a rapid and stable drying process, preventing excessively low temperatures from causing prolonged drying times and impacting production schedules, and avoiding equipment malfunctions caused by excessively high temperatures. In large-scale production, this guarantees a smooth production flow and improves overall production efficiency.

[0074] This application also provides a high-efficiency and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing equipment group for titanium alloy welding wire, applied to the high-efficiency and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire described in this application. The equipment group includes:

[0075] A continuous cold rolling equipment is used to perform multiple passes of continuous cold rolling on a titanium alloy strip to be processed, gradually reducing its diameter to obtain a first titanium alloy strip with a first diameter.

[0076] Annealing equipment, the annealing equipment being used to anneal the first titanium alloy strip;

[0077] A continuous precision drawing device is used to draw the first titanium alloy strip after annealing in successive stages with decreasing diameters to obtain a second titanium alloy strip with a second diameter smaller than the first diameter.

[0078] A mechanical rough grinding device is used to rough grind a second titanium alloy strip inserted therein to remove the oxide scale on the surface of the second titanium alloy strip, so as to obtain a third titanium alloy strip with a third diameter, wherein the third diameter is smaller than the second diameter;

[0079] A mechanical grinding equipment is used to polish the surface of the third titanium alloy strip inserted therein to obtain a fourth titanium alloy strip with a fourth diameter, wherein the fourth diameter is smaller than the third diameter;

[0080] A roller die drawing and rounding device is used to draw and round the fourth titanium alloy strip that passes through it, to obtain a fifth titanium alloy strip with a fifth diameter, wherein the fifth diameter is smaller than the fourth diameter;

[0081] A precision drawing device is used to draw the fifth titanium alloy strip to a target diameter to obtain a titanium alloy welding wire, wherein the target diameter is smaller than the fifth diameter.

[0082] Specifically, the continuous cold rolling equipment is a three-roll mill. The rolls of the three-roll mill in this application are made of chromium-molybdenum alloy steel with added rare earth elements. The rare earth elements are: 0.3%-0.5% cerium and 0.1%-0.3% yttrium by mass, resulting in high wear resistance on the roll surface. The rare earth elements cerium and yttrium refine the alloy's grain structure, making the roll surface microstructure more uniform and dense. This uniform structure reduces microscopic protrusions and depressions on the surface, lowering localized stress concentration when the roll contacts the titanium alloy strip, resulting in a more uniform friction distribution. This avoids rolling instability caused by sudden changes in friction force, thereby reducing defects such as scratches on the titanium alloy strip surface caused by uneven stress.

[0083] Annealing equipment, which is a vacuum annealing furnace or a protective atmosphere annealing furnace, with a protective atmosphere such as argon, to prevent oxidation of the titanium alloy strip surface.

[0084] The continuous precision drawing equipment comprises multiple sets of dies with different drawing diameters, all made of polycrystalline diamond. Each set of dies has a different diameter, and during operation, the titanium alloy strip is drawn sequentially through dies with diameters ranging from the largest to the smallest. The surfaces of the dies in contact with the titanium alloy strip undergo ultra-smooth surface treatment using plasma treatment technology. High-energy particles in the plasma bombard and etch the polycrystalline diamond surface of the continuous precision drawing equipment. The ions and free radicals in the plasma possess sufficient energy to break the chemical bonds on the diamond surface, removing microscopic protrusions and impurities. Simultaneously, plasma treatment also improves the chemical properties of the diamond surface, making it more uniform and stable. For example, in an argon plasma environment, high-energy argon ions bombard the diamond surface, removing minute defects and contaminants, resulting in a smoother and flatter surface. The ultra-smooth surface significantly reduces the friction between the titanium alloy strip and the drawing die during the drawing process. When surface roughness is reduced to the nanometer level, the actual contact area between the titanium alloy strip and the die surface is significantly reduced, and the coefficient of friction can be reduced to half or even lower. This not only reduces the required drawing force and energy consumption but also increases drawing speed, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0085] Mechanical rough grinding equipment includes multiple sets of rough grinding tools made of high-hardness materials, such as diamond grinding wheels or steel brushes. The surface roughness of the titanium alloy strip after rough grinding is 80–100 μm.

[0086] Mechanical fine grinding equipment includes symmetrically arranged fine grinding tools in its rough grinding equipment. These tools utilize ultra-fine-grained materials, such as high-grit abrasive belts. Polishing with high-grit abrasive belts achieves higher surface finish and precision for titanium alloy welding wires, reducing microscopic defects and roughness, resulting in a smoother, flatter surface. The surface roughness of the finished titanium alloy strip is 0.25–0.35 μm.

[0087] The roller drawing and rounding equipment comprises multiple sets of three-roll Y-type mills. The rolls of these mills are made of high-performance tungsten carbide cemented carbide, which possesses extremely high hardness and wear resistance, maintaining shape stability during long-term drawing processes and reducing the decrease in roundness adjustment accuracy due to wear. Each roll is equipped with high-precision rolling bearings at both ends. These bearings feature a low coefficient of friction and high rotational accuracy, ensuring the stability of the rolls during high-speed rotation and reducing the impact of vibration on the roundness adjustment of the welding wire.

[0088] Precision drawing equipment, which uses polycrystalline diamond drawing dies, has an inner hole dimensional tolerance within ±0.001mm and a surface roughness Ra below 0.02μm, ensuring that titanium alloy strips achieve uniform deformation and good surface quality during the drawing process.

[0089] The present application is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0090] Using the scheme described in this application, TC4 titanium alloy welding wires with diameters of φ1.6mm and φ1.2mm were prepared respectively, and the quality of the welding wires was evaluated according to the quality grading of titanium and titanium alloy welding wires in GB / T30562-2014. Table 1 shows the quality grade indicators of the welding wires.

[0091] Table 1 Welding wire quality grade indicators

[0092]

[0093] Example 1

[0094] 1. Preparation of 1.9mm TC4 titanium alloy welding wire

[0095] 1.1 Continuous cold rolling: TC4 titanium alloy rough wire rod with a diameter of 6mm is rolled to 3.46mm in one pass using a three-roll mill at a rolling speed of 3m / s. The wire surface is smooth and uniform, and the roundness is less than 0.04mm. The actual size of the semi-finished product is φ3.42mm;

[0096] 1.2 Heat treatment: Heat treatment is carried out in a conventional annealing furnace at an annealing temperature of 830℃ and a holding time of 2 hours;

[0097] 1.3 Continuous Precision Drawing: 3.42mm TC4 titanium alloy wire is continuously cold-drawn to 2.29mm using dies with diameters of 3.15mm, 2.90mm, 2.68mm, 2.47mm, and 2.28mm on a continuous drawing machine. Calcium-based lubricant is used for lubrication. The dies are diamond-coated. The continuous precision drawing speed is 2.5m / s. After drawing, the wire surface is smooth and uniform, free of burrs, pits, and other defects, and the roundness is less than 0.01mm. The actual size of the semi-finished product is 2.29mm.

[0098] 1.4 Mechanical Rough Grinding: A 2.29mm diameter TC4 titanium alloy welding wire is sequentially threaded through 12 sets of rough grinding steel brushes spaced at 60° intervals to remove the oxide scale from the wire surface. The grinding speed for oxide scale removal is 4.0m / s. After rough grinding, there is no residual oxide scale or oil on the wire surface, and the wire roundness is less than 0.05mm. The actual size of the semi-finished product is φ2.14mm, and the surface roughness is 80~100μm.

[0099] 1.5 Mechanical Grinding: TC4 titanium alloy welding wire with a diameter of 2.14mm is sequentially threaded through 20 sets of symmetrically arranged high-mesh abrasive belts for surface polishing. The grinding speed is 3.0m / s. After grinding, the wire surface has a bright metallic luster, is free of oil stains and burr defects, and the wire roundness is less than 0.04mm. The actual size of the semi-finished product is φ2.0mm, and the surface roughness is 0.25~0.35μm.

[0100] 1.6 Roller Die Drawing: 2.0mm TC4 titanium alloy welding wire is sequentially threaded into six sets of three-roll dies spaced at 120° intervals for wire roundness adjustment. The roller die drawing speed is 5.0m / s. After drawing, the wire diameter is 1.65mm, the roundness is 0.02mm, and the surface roughness is 0.2~0.3μm.

[0101] 1.7 Precision drawing: TC4 wire with a diameter of 1.65mm is drawn to 1.60mm using a polycrystalline diamond drawing die at a drawing speed of 2.0m / s, with a surface roughness of 0.15~0.25μm;

[0102] 1.8 Ultrasonic cleaning and drying: Online ultrasonic water cleaning of TC4 titanium alloy wire with a diameter of 1.60mm can achieve zero acid and alkali discharge. After cleaning, it is dried and rewound online at a drying temperature of 160℃.

[0103] 1.9 Layered wrapping.

[0104] 2. Quality inspection of 1.6mm TC4 titanium alloy welding wire

[0105] The finished product quality of φ1.6mm TC4 titanium alloy welding wire is shown in Tables 2 and 3. The welding equipment used was an Austrian fronius TPS400i semi-automatic welding machine; the base metal of the welding test plate was TC4 titanium alloy plate, 10mm thick, with a Y-shaped notch (70°), after degreasing and oxide film removal, and the weld was protected by a drag shield; the diameter of the titanium alloy welding wire was φ1.6mm, the welding current was 270~290A, the welding voltage was 30V, the welding speed was 0.9cm / s, and the argon gas (purity 99.99%) flow rate was: welding torch 22L / min, drag shield 25~30L / min, back side 30~40L / min.

[0106] Table 2 External Quality Inspection of Titanium Alloy Welding Wire

[0107]

[0108] Table 3. Internal Quality Inspection Items for Titanium Alloy Welding Wire

[0109]

[0110] Result evaluation:

[0111] The external quality score is 97 (≥95), the average pass rate is 100% (≥95%), and the appearance is uniform, neat, bright, and aesthetically pleasing. After internal quality inspection, the chemical composition analysis is satisfactory, the mechanical properties of the welding wire meet the usage requirements, the wire coil diameter is 2200mm (≥D+20), and the wire warp distance is 13mm (≤30mm). Therefore, the φ1.6mm TC4 titanium alloy welding wire can be judged as a superior product.

[0112] Example 2

[0113] 1. Preparation of 1.2mm TC4 titanium alloy welding wire

[0114] 1.1 Continuous cold rolling: TC4 titanium alloy rough wire rod with a diameter of 6mm is rolled to 2.90mm in one pass using a three-roll mill at a rolling speed of 3m / s. The wire surface is smooth and uniform, and the roundness is less than 0.04mm. The actual size of the semi-finished product is φ2.85mm;

[0115] 1.2 Heat treatment: Heat treatment is carried out in a conventional annealing furnace at an annealing temperature of 830℃ and a holding time of 2 hours;

[0116] 1.3 Continuous Precision Drawing: TC4 titanium alloy wire with a diameter of 2.85mm is continuously precision drawn to 1.90mm using dies with diameters of 2.63mm, 2.42mm, 2.23mm, 2.06mm, and 1.90mm on a continuous drawing machine. Calcium-based lubricant is used for lubrication. The dies are diamond-coated. The continuous precision drawing speed is 2.5m / s. After drawing, the wire surface is smooth and uniform, free of burrs, pits, and other defects, and the roundness is less than 0.01mm. The actual size of the semi-finished product is 1.89mm.

[0117] 1.4 Mechanical Rough Grinding: A TC4 titanium alloy welding wire with a diameter of 1.89 mm is sequentially threaded through 12 sets of rough grinding steel brushes spaced at 60° intervals to remove the oxide scale from the wire surface. The grinding speed for oxide scale removal is 4.0 m / s. After rough grinding, there is no residual oxide scale or oil on the wire surface, and the wire roundness is less than 0.05 mm. The actual size of the semi-finished product is φ1.74 mm, and the surface roughness is 80–100 μm.

[0118] 1.5 Mechanical Grinding: TC4 titanium alloy welding wire with a diameter of 1.74mm is sequentially threaded through 20 sets of symmetrically arranged high-mesh abrasive belts for surface polishing. The grinding speed is 3.0m / s. After grinding, the wire surface has a bright metallic luster, is free of oil stains and burr defects, and the wire roundness is less than 0.04mm. The actual size of the semi-finished product is φ1.60mm, and the surface roughness is 0.25~0.35μm.

[0119] 1.6 Roller Die Drawing: TC4 titanium alloy welding wire with a diameter of φ1.60mm is sequentially threaded into six sets of three-roll dies spaced at 120° intervals for wire roundness adjustment. The roller die drawing speed is 5.0m / s. After drawing, the wire diameter is 1.25mm, the roundness is 0.02mm, and the surface roughness is 0.2~0.3μm.

[0120] 1.7 Precision drawing: TC4 wire with a diameter of 1.65mm is drawn to 1.20mm using a polycrystalline diamond drawing die at a drawing speed of 2.5m / s, with a surface roughness of 0.15~0.25μm;

[0121] 1.8 Ultrasonic cleaning and drying: Online ultrasonic water cleaning of TC4 titanium alloy wire with a diameter of 1.20mm can achieve zero acid and alkali discharge. After cleaning, it is dried and rewound online at a drying temperature of 160℃.

[0122] 1.9 Layered wrapping.

[0123] 2. Quality inspection of φ1.2mm TC4 titanium alloy welding wire

[0124] The finished product quality of φ1.2mm TC4 titanium alloy welding wire is shown in Tables 2 and 3. The welding equipment used was an Austrian fronius TPS400i semi-automatic welding machine; the base metal of the welding test plate was TC4 titanium alloy plate, 10mm thick, with a Y-shaped notch (70°), after degreasing and oxide film removal, and the weld was protected by a drag shield; the diameter of the titanium alloy welding wire was φ1.2mm, the welding current was 235~255A, the welding voltage was 28V, the welding speed was 0.7cm / s, and the argon gas (purity 99.99%) flow rate was: welding torch 22L / min, drag shield 25~30L / min, back side 30~40L / min.

[0125] Table 2 External Quality Inspection of Titanium Alloy Welding Wire

[0126]

[0127] Table 3. Internal Quality Inspection Items for Titanium Alloy Welding Wire

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] Result evaluation:

[0131] The external quality score is 97 (≥95), the average pass rate is 100% (≥95%), and the appearance is uniform, neat, bright, and aesthetically pleasing. After internal quality inspection, the chemical composition analysis is satisfactory, the mechanical properties of the welding wire meet the usage requirements, the wire coil diameter is 2500 (≥D+20), and the wire warp distance is 18mm (≤30mm). Therefore, the φ1.2mm TC4 titanium alloy welding wire can be judged as a superior product.

[0132] In summary, the TC4 titanium alloy welding wires with φ1.6mm and φ1.2mm diameters prepared in Examples 1 and 2 both met the superior product standard. The two examples verified the high efficiency, stability, and scalability of the process, making it suitable for the production of titanium alloy welding wires of different specifications.

[0133] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Continuous cold rolling: The titanium alloy strip to be processed is continuously cold rolled through a three-roll mill, and its diameter is gradually reduced in the three-roll mill to obtain a first titanium alloy strip with a first diameter. S2. Annealing treatment: The first titanium alloy strip is annealed. S3. Continuous precision drawing: The first titanium alloy strip after annealing is drawn sequentially through multiple dies with progressively decreasing diameters to obtain a second titanium alloy strip with a second diameter, the second diameter being smaller than the first diameter; S4. Mechanical rough grinding: The second titanium alloy strip is sequentially passed through multiple sets of rough grinding tools for rough grinding to remove the oxide scale on the surface of the second titanium alloy strip, resulting in a third titanium alloy strip with a third diameter, which is smaller than the second diameter; wherein, the rough grinding speed is 2.0m / s~5.0m / s, and the surface roughness of the third titanium alloy strip is 80~100μm; S5. Mechanical fine grinding: The third titanium alloy strip is sequentially passed through multiple sets of fine grinding tools for fine grinding to polish the surface of the third titanium alloy strip, resulting in a fourth titanium alloy strip with a fourth diameter, which is smaller than the third diameter; wherein, the fine grinding speed is 2.0m / s~5.0m / s, and the surface roughness of the fourth titanium alloy strip is 0.25~0.35μm; S6. Roller drawing and rounding: The fourth titanium alloy strip is sequentially passed through multiple sets of three-roll Y-type rolling mills for drawing and rounding to obtain a fifth titanium alloy strip with a fifth diameter, wherein the fifth diameter is smaller than the fourth diameter; S7. Precision drawing: The fifth titanium alloy strip is drawn to a target diameter using a polycrystalline diamond drawing die to obtain a titanium alloy welding wire, wherein the target diameter is smaller than the fifth diameter.

2. The efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the single-pass compression rate is 10%~30%, and the rolling speed is less than or equal to 5 m / s.

3. The efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the annealing temperature is 820℃~830℃, and the holding time is 120min~130min.

4. The efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the mold is a diamond-coated mold, and calcium-based lubricating powder is used for lubrication during the drawing process.

5. The efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the included angle between adjacent rough grinding tool sets is 30°~60°.

6. The efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, the speed of drawing the gauge circle is 2.0 m / s to 5.0 m / s.

7. The efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S7, the drawing speed is 1.0 m / s to 4.0 m / s, and the compression rate is 5% to 20%.

8. The efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for titanium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, Following S7, it also includes: The titanium alloy welding wire is ultrasonically cleaned with water, and then dried at a temperature of 160℃~170℃.

9. A high-efficiency and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing equipment set for titanium alloy welding wire, characterized in that, The efficient and environmentally friendly processing and manufacturing method for the titanium alloy welding wire according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the equipment group comprises: A continuous cold rolling equipment is used to perform multiple passes of continuous cold rolling on a titanium alloy strip to be processed, gradually reducing its diameter to obtain a first titanium alloy strip with a first diameter. Annealing equipment, the annealing equipment being used to anneal the first titanium alloy strip; A continuous precision drawing device is used to draw the first titanium alloy strip after annealing in successive stages with decreasing diameters to obtain a second titanium alloy strip with a second diameter smaller than the first diameter. A mechanical rough grinding device is used to rough grind a second titanium alloy strip inserted therein to remove the oxide scale on the surface of the second titanium alloy strip, so as to obtain a third titanium alloy strip with a third diameter, wherein the third diameter is smaller than the second diameter; A mechanical grinding equipment is used to polish the surface of the third titanium alloy strip inserted therein to obtain a fourth titanium alloy strip with a fourth diameter, the fourth diameter being smaller than the third diameter; A roller die drawing and rounding device is used to draw and round the fourth titanium alloy strip that passes through it, to obtain a fifth titanium alloy strip with a fifth diameter, wherein the fifth diameter is smaller than the fourth diameter; A precision drawing device is used to draw the fifth titanium alloy strip to a target diameter to obtain a titanium alloy welding wire, wherein the target diameter is smaller than the fifth diameter.

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