Detection system and detection method for abnormal operation of lever drum brake of elevator traction machine

Abstract

The invention discloses an elevator traction machine lever drum brake work abnormity detection system and method, and belongs to the technical field of elevator detection. The elevator traction machine lever drum brake work abnormity detection system comprises a detection device, a data processing device, a CCD camera, an encoder and an electrical measurement assembly; the CCD camera, the encoder and the electrical measurement assembly are electrically connected with the input end of the data processing device. The output end of the data processing device is electrically connected with the input end of the inspection device. The CCD camera is located on the band-type brake side of the lever drum brake, the encoder is connected with one end of the rotating shaft, and the electrical measurement assembly is electrically connected with an electromagnetic coil of the lever drum brake. The brake clearance can be automatically monitored, and abnormity of the elevator brake can be found in time; and meanwhile, the fault reason of the lever drum brake can be effectively judged, corresponding maintenance by an operator is facilitated, the troubleshooting time is shortened, and the maintenance efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of elevator detection, and particularly relates to a detection system and a detection method for abnormal operation of a lever drum brake of an elevator traction machine. Background Art

[0002] The components of an elevator drum brake include a brake wheel (the brake wheel is connected to a rotating shaft), a brake arm, an electromagnetic coil, brake shoes, and a brake spring. When the elevator traction machine starts, the holding brake contactor closes, the electromagnetic coil is energized, the electromagnet core is attracted and pushes the brake arm, the brake arm pushes open the brake spring, the brake shoes leave the brake wheel, and the elevator can start running. When the elevator stops, the holding brake contactor releases, the electromagnetic coil loses power, the brake arm returns to its original position under the pressure of the brake spring, the brake shoes fit on the brake wheel, and the elevator stops running.

[0003] Generally speaking, the direct cause of elevator brake failure is that the brake shoes of the brake fail to close effectively or the braking force provided after closing is insufficient. If the brake shoes of the brake are in an abnormal condition and cannot close, then there will always be a gap between the brake wheel and the brake shoes whether the elevator is in the running state or the stopped state. Insufficient braking force is often caused by excessive wear of the brake shoes. Excessive wear of the brake shoes will cause too large a gap between the brake shoes and the brake wheel when the brake shoes open. Therefore, by detecting the gap between the brake wheel and the brake shoes, it is possible to determine whether the elevator brake is working properly and thus discover potential hazards in a timely manner.

[0004] There are various methods to achieve gap measurement. In addition to the traditional manual measurement, there are also eddy current measurement methods, capacitive sensor measurement methods, etc. When the elevator is running, the brake wheel is also rotating all the time. It is difficult to measure the gap between the rotating brake wheel and the brake shoes by the traditional manual measurement method; the capacitive sensor measurement method calculates the distance between two measurement surfaces by measuring the capacitance formed by two electrodes installed on the measurement surface. However, since the brake wheel may be in a rotating state during the measurement process, it is impossible to ensure that the measurement device on one side of the brake wheel and the measurement device on one side of the brake shoes are always opposite; the eddy current sensor measurement method is a method of obtaining the distance between the probe and the metal surface by detecting the influence of the eddy current generated on the surface of a metal conductor on the magnitude and phase of the current in the metal probe. This method requires the probe to face the surface of the brake wheel to be measured, and the sensor needs to be installed at the position of the brake shoes relative to the surface of the brake wheel by mechanical means. The installation process will affect the original structure of the brake shoes and may create new safety hazards.

[0005] The Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN112197715B discloses a method for detecting the gap between the brake wheel and the brake shoe of an elevator based on image recognition. Through image processing methods, the method can measure the arc gap width between the brake wheel and the brake shoe of the elevator brake in a non-contact manner, and then obtain the opening and closing conditions of the brake wheel and the brake shoe at the current moment, realizing real-time monitoring of the working conditions of the brake shoes of the elevator brake.

[0006] However, the above solution can only judge the opening and closing conditions of the brake wheel and the brake shoe at the current moment by the gap width of the brake shoe, and cannot further judge whether there is jamming or insufficient braking ability during the operation of the brake, which cannot help the maintenance personnel to further eliminate problems and cannot improve the judgment of brake failures. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a detection system and a detection method for abnormal operation of a lever drum brake of an elevator traction machine to solve the problems existing in the background technology.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A detection system for abnormal operation of a lever drum brake of an elevator traction machine is used to detect the lever drum brake. The lever drum brake is located on one side of the traction machine and the traction wheel. The lever drum brake, the traction machine and the traction wheel are all connected by the same rotating shaft. The detection system includes a reporting device, a data processing device, a CCD camera, an encoder and an electrical measurement component. The CCD camera, the encoder and the electrical measurement component are respectively electrically connected to the input end of the data processing device, and the output end of the data processing device is electrically connected to the input end of the reporting device; The CCD camera is located on the braking side of the lever drum brake. The encoder is connected to one end of the rotating shaft, and the electrical measurement component is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil of the lever drum brake.

[0009] Further, an adjustment bracket is provided at the bottom of the CCD camera.

[0010] Further, the encoder is located on the side of the traction machine away from the traction wheel.

[0011] Further, the electrical measurement component uses a power quality analyzer or a power analyzer.

[0012] Further, the reporting device is connected to a computer or a mobile phone through an APP.

[0013] A detection method for abnormal operation of a lever drum brake of an elevator traction machine includes the following steps: S1: Record the images of the brake fully opened and fully closed during the normal operation of the elevator through a CCD camera, and judge the brake gap size by the number of pixel points in the image. When the number of pixels is 0, it means the brake is fully closed; S2: Multiple CCD cameras respectively measure the gaps at different parts when the brake is opened, and respectively obtain the number of pixels m1, m2, m3... of the brake gaps at different parts; Measure the voltage and current of the electromagnetic coil through an electrical measurement component, and record the voltage U1 of the electromagnetic coil when the brake is opened, the voltage U2 of the electromagnetic coil when the brake is closed, the current A1 of the electromagnetic coil when the brake is opened, and the current A2 of the electromagnetic coil when the brake is closed; The encoder detects the rotation speed of the rotating shaft (i.e., the elevator running speed) in real time; S4: Store parameters and perform calculations through a data processing device. During the process of the brake closing, record the moment T1 when the voltage of the electromagnetic coil changes from U1 to U2; record the moment T2 when the brake gap changes from m1, m2, m3... to 0; record the moment T3 when the rotating shaft stops completely from rotating through the encoder; Through the formula: T2 - T1 = A, where A is the action time from the power failure of the electromagnetic coil to the complete closing of the brake arm; Through the formula: T3 - T2 = C, where C is the braking time from the contact between the brake arm and the brake wheel to the complete stop of the elevator; S5: During the process of the brake opening, record the moment T4 when the voltage of the electromagnetic coil changes from U2 to U1; record the moment T5 when the brake gap changes from 0 to m1, m2, m3...; Through the formula: T5 - T4 = B, where B is the action time from the energization of the electromagnetic coil to the complete opening of the brake arm; S6: When A and / or B become larger, there is jamming during the action process of the lever drum brake; when C becomes larger, the braking force of the lever drum brake is insufficient; S7: Report the cause of the failure to the staff through an inspection reporting device.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The detection system has a simple structure, is easy to install, and will not damage the structures of the traction machine, traction wheel, and lever drum brake itself.

[0015] 2) It can automatically monitor the brake gap and can timely detect abnormalities of the elevator brake.

[0016] 3) It can effectively judge the cause of the failure of the lever drum brake, facilitate the maintenance personnel to carry out corresponding maintenance, reduce the troubleshooting time, and improve the maintenance efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an abnormal working detection system for a lever drum brake of an elevator traction machine according to the present invention; Figure 2 Front view of the brake in the present invention; In the figure, 1 - lever drum brake, 11 - brake arm, 12 - brake shoe, 13 - brake wheel, 14 - electromagnetic coil, 2 - traction machine, 3 - traction wheel, 4 - rotating shaft, 5 - CCD camera, 51 - adjusting frame, 6 - encoder, 7 - electrical measurement component. Specific embodiments

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment 1: Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 2 , the present invention provides a technical solution: An abnormal working detection system for a lever drum brake of an elevator traction machine, used to detect the lever drum brake 1. The lever drum brake 1 is located on one side of the traction machine 2 and the traction wheel 3. The lever drum brake 1, the traction machine 2 and the traction wheel 3 are all connected by the same rotating shaft 4. The lever drum brake 1 includes components such as a brake wheel 13 (the brake wheel 13 is connected to the rotating shaft 4), a brake arm 11, an electromagnetic coil 14, a brake shoe 12 and a brake spring. When the traction machine 2 starts, the brake contactor is closed, the electromagnetic coil 14 is powered on, the electromagnet core is attracted and pushed to the brake arm 11, the brake arm 11 pushes open the brake spring, the brake shoe 12 leaves the brake wheel 13, and the elevator can start running. When the elevator stops, the brake contactor is released, the electromagnetic coil 14 loses power, the brake arm 11 returns to its original position under the pressure of the brake spring, the brake shoe 12 fits on the brake wheel 13, and the elevator stops running.

[0020] The abnormal working detection system for a lever drum brake of an elevator traction machine includes an inspection reporting device, a data processing device, a CCD camera 5, an encoder 6 and an electrical measurement component 7. The CCD camera 5, the encoder 6 and the electrical measurement component 7 are respectively electrically connected to the input end of the data processing device, and the output end of the data processing device is electrically connected to the input end of the inspection reporting device; the electrical connection can be a data line connection, a Bluetooth connection, a wireless network connection, etc.

[0021] The CCD camera 5 is located on the brake side of the lever drum brake 1, and an image of the brake gap is taken through the CCD camera 5.

[0022] The encoder 6 is connected to one end of the rotating shaft 4 through a coupling. The encoder 6 is located on the side of the traction machine 2 away from the traction wheel 3. By the encoder 6, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 4 (i.e., the running speed of the elevator) is detected in real time, and the encoder 6 can accurately reflect the movement conditions of the rotating shaft 4 and the traction wheel 3 in real time.

[0023] The electrical measurement component 7 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil 14 of the lever drum brake 1. The electrical measurement component 7 uses a power quality analyzer or a power analyzer, can synchronously measure parameters such as voltage and current in real time, and at the same time has Bluetooth or Wi-Fi functions, is connected to the data processing device, and records data in real time through the data processing device.

[0024] The data processing device can be a small host or a mobile device, and the data processing device can be placed in the elevator room.

[0025] The inspection reporting device is connected to a computer or a mobile phone through an APP, a cloud platform, etc. The inspection reporting device can also be a mobile device, which is convenient for the operators to receive detection information at any time.

[0026] Furthermore, an adjusting frame 51 is provided at the bottom of the CCD camera 5. Through the adjusting frame 51, it is convenient to adjust the shooting angle of the CCD camera 5, ensure that the angle for shooting the brake gap is comprehensive, and at the same time, multiple CCD cameras 5 can be set to shoot different parts of the brake gap.

[0027] Embodiment 2: A method for detecting abnormal operation of a lever drum brake of an elevator traction machine includes the following steps: S1: The CCD camera 5 is used to record the images when the brake is fully opened and the images when the brake is fully closed during normal operation of the elevator. The size of the brake gap is judged by the number of pixel points in the images, where when the number of pixels is 0, it represents that the brake is fully closed; S2: Multiple CCD cameras 5 respectively measure the gaps at different parts when the brake is opened, and respectively obtain the number of pixels m1, m2, m3... of the brake gaps at different parts; The electrical measurement component 7 measures the voltage and current of the electromagnetic coil 14, and records the voltage U1 of the electromagnetic coil 14 when the brake is opened, the voltage U2 of the electromagnetic coil 14 when the brake is closed, the current A1 of the electromagnetic coil 14 when the brake is opened, and the current A2 of the electromagnetic coil 14 when the brake is closed; The encoder 6 detects the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 4 (i.e., the running speed of the elevator) in real time; S4: Store parameters and perform calculations through the data processing device. During the process of brake closure, record the moment T1 when the voltage of the electromagnetic coil 14 changes from U1 to U2; record the moment T2 when the brake gap changes from m1, m2, m3... to 0; record the moment T3 when the rotating shaft 4 stops completely from rotation through the encoder 6. Through the formula: T2 - T1 = A, where A is the action time from the power-off of the electromagnetic coil 14 to the complete closure of the brake arm 11. Through the formula: T3 - T2 = C, where C is the braking time from the contact between the brake arm 11 and the brake wheel 13 to the complete stop of the elevator. S5: During the process of brake opening, record the moment T4 when the voltage of the electromagnetic coil 14 changes from U2 to U1; record the moment T5 when the brake gap changes from 0 to m1, m2, m3... Through the formula: T5 - T4 = B, where B is the action time from the power-on of the electromagnetic coil 14 to the complete opening of the brake arm 11. S6: When A and / or B become larger, that is, during the process of brake closure, the action time from the power-off of the electromagnetic coil 14 to the complete closure of the brake arm 11 becomes longer; or during the process of brake opening, the action time from the power-on of the electromagnetic coil 14 to the complete opening of the brake arm 11 becomes longer. At this time, it can be considered that there is a jam during the action process of the lever drum brake 1, and the brake arm cannot lock the brake wheel in time. When A and B remain unchanged and C becomes larger, the braking time from the contact between the brake arm 11 and the brake wheel 13 to the complete stop of the elevator becomes larger. It can be considered that the braking force of the lever drum brake 1 is insufficient, and it is necessary to check the braking effect of the brake and check the brake shoes, etc. S7: Report the cause of the fault to the staff through the inspection reporting device.

[0028] Through this method, it is possible to automatically monitor the brake gap and promptly detect abnormalities in the elevator brake; at the same time, it can effectively judge the cause of the fault of the lever drum brake 1, facilitate the corresponding maintenance by the operators, reduce the troubleshooting time, and improve the maintenance efficiency.

[0029] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be changed within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge in related fields. And the changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should all be within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An elevator traction machine lever drum brake abnormality detection system, used for detecting a lever drum brake (1), wherein the lever drum brake (1) is located on one side of a traction machine (2) and a traction sheave (3), and the lever drum brake (1), the traction machine (2) and the traction sheave (3) are all connected via a same rotating shaft (4), characterized in that: The detection system comprises an inspection reporting device, a data processing device, a CCD camera (5), an encoder (6) and an electrical measurement component (7), wherein the CCD camera (5), the encoder (6) and the electrical measurement component (7) are respectively electrically connected to an input end of the data processing device, and an output end of the data processing device is electrically connected to an input end of the inspection reporting device; The CCD camera (5) is located on the brake side of the lever drum brake (1), the encoder (6) is connected to one end of the rotating shaft (4), and the electrical measurement component (7) is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil (14) of the lever drum brake (1).

2. The elevator traction machine lever drum brake abnormality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adjustment frame (51) is provided at the bottom of the CCD camera (5).

3. The elevator traction machine lever drum brake abnormality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The encoder (6) is located on a side of the traction machine (2) away from the traction wheel (3).

4. The elevator traction machine lever drum brake abnormality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical measurement component (7) is a power quality analyzer or a power analyzer.

5. The elevator traction machine lever drum brake abnormality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inspection reporting device is connected to a computer or a mobile phone via an APP.

6. The elevator traction machine lever drum brake working abnormality detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Using a CCD camera (5), the image of the elevator when the brake is fully opened and the image of the elevator when the brake is fully closed during normal operation are recorded, and the size of the brake gap is determined by the number of pixels in the image, wherein a pixel number of 0 indicates that the brake is fully closed; S2: multiple CCD cameras (5) measure the gaps at different positions when the brake is opened, and obtain the number of pixels m1, m2, m3, ... of the gaps at different positions; The voltage and current of the electromagnetic coil (14) are measured by the electrical measuring component (7), and the voltage U1 of the electromagnetic coil (14) when the brake is opened, the voltage U2 of the electromagnetic coil (14) when the brake is closed, the current A1 of the electromagnetic coil (14) when the brake is opened, and the current A2 of the electromagnetic coil (14) when the brake is closed are recorded; The encoder (6) detects the rotation speed of the shaft (4) (i.e. the running speed of the elevator) in real time; S4: storing parameters and performing calculations through a data processing device, during the process of closing the brake, recording the moment T1 when the voltage of the electromagnetic coil (14) changes from U1 to U2; recording the moment T2 when the brake gap changes from m1, m2, m3, ... to 0; and recording the moment T3 when the shaft (4) stops rotating completely through an encoder (6); By formula: T2-T1=A, Wherein A is the action time from the electromagnetic coil (14) losing power to the brake arm (11) being completely closed; Through the formula: T3-T2=C, Wherein C is the braking time from when the brake arm (11) contacts the brake wheel (13) to when the elevator is completely stopped; S5: During the brake opening process, record the time T4 when the voltage of the electromagnetic coil (14) changes from U2 to U1; record the time T5 when the brake gap changes from 0 to m1, m2, m3, ...; By formula: T5-T4=B, Wherein B is the action time from the electromagnetic coil (14) being energized to the brake arm (11) being fully opened; S6: When A and / or B increases, there is a jam in the lever drum brake (1) during operation; when A and B remain unchanged and C increases, the braking force of the lever drum brake (1) is insufficient; S7: Report the cause of the fault to the staff through the inspection reporting device.

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