Marine environment real-time detection system and method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time marine environment detection system and method. The system comprises a data acquisition module, a data preprocessing module, an anomaly judgment module and an anomaly analysis module, the data acquisition module is used for acquiring marine pollution data and marine environment data acquired by the sensor assembly in the target marine area in real time; the data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the marine pollution data and the marine environment data; the abnormity judgment module is used for judging the preprocessed marine pollution data to obtain the types of pollutants existing in the target marine area; and the anomaly analysis module is used for performing analysis based on the pollutant type in combination with the marine environment data to obtain the current pollution degree of the target marine area. By integrating various sensor assemblies, data of various pollutants can be acquired at the same time, and comprehensive analysis and evaluation are performed through a data fusion technology, so that comprehensive and accurate evaluation of marine pollution is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine environment detection, and more specifically, to a real-time marine environment detection system and method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The ocean plays an irreplaceable role in global climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance, and the development of human society. Real-time monitoring of the marine environment is of crucial significance for protecting marine resources and ecological balance.

[0003] Traditional marine environment monitoring methods mostly rely on laboratory analysis or irregular on-site sampling. These methods have problems such as untimely data acquisition and limited monitoring scope, and it is difficult to meet the needs of modern environmental protection. In addition, existing marine environment detection methods usually analyze and evaluate a single pollutant, for example, only detect heavy metals or organic substances. Since marine pollution is often the result of the combined action of multiple pollutants, this single-pollutant analysis and evaluation method cannot comprehensively reflect the actual situation of marine pollution.

[0004] Therefore, in the process of marine environment detection, how to achieve multi-source data fusion evaluation and improve the accuracy of marine pollution detection is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a real-time marine environment detection system and method thereof to at least solve some of the technical problems mentioned in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides a real-time marine environment detection system, including: a data acquisition module, a data preprocessing module, an anomaly judgment module, and an anomaly analysis module;

[0008] The data acquisition module is used to obtain in real time the marine pollution data and marine environment data collected by the sensor assembly in the target marine area;

[0009] The data preprocessing module is used to preprocess the marine pollution data and the marine environment data;

[0010] The anomaly judgment module is used to judge the preprocessed marine pollution data to obtain the types of pollutants existing in the target marine area;

[0011] The anomaly analysis module is used to analyze based on the types of pollutants in combination with the marine environment data to obtain the current pollution degree of the target marine area.

[0012] Further, the sensor assembly is an integration of a heavy metal concentration sensor, a TOC sensor, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, a gamma ray spectrometer, a flow rate sensor, a salinity sensor, and a pH detector;

[0013] The heavy metal concentration sensor is used to measure the heavy metal concentration in seawater in real time;

[0014] The TOC sensor is used to measure the total organic carbon content in seawater in real time;

[0015] The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used to analyze the absorption spectrum of dissolved or suspended substances in seawater in the infrared spectral range in real time;

[0016] The gamma ray spectrometer is used to detect the gamma rays released by radioactive substances in seawater in real time;

[0017] The flow rate sensor is used to measure the flow rate of seawater in real time;

[0018] The salinity sensor is used to measure the salinity of seawater in real time;

[0019] The pH detector is used to measure the pH value of seawater in real time.

[0020] Further, the data preprocessing module includes: a data cleaning sub-module and a data denoising sub-module;

[0021] The data cleaning sub-module is used to clean the duplicate data in the marine pollution data and marine environment data;

[0022] The data denoising sub-module is used to perform denoising processing on the cleaned marine pollution data and marine environment data.

[0023] Further, the anomaly judgment module includes: a heavy metal judgment sub-module, an organic compound judgment sub-module, a solid waste judgment sub-module, and a radioactive substance judgment sub-module;

[0024] The heavy metal judgment sub-module is used to judge the heavy metal concentration after preprocessing; if the heavy metal concentration exceeds the preset heavy metal concentration value, it is determined that there is heavy metal pollution;

[0025] The organic compound judgment sub-module is used to judge the total organic carbon content after preprocessing; if the total organic carbon content exceeds the preset content value, it is determined that there is organic matter pollution;

[0026] The solid waste judgment sub-module is used to compare the absorption spectrum after preprocessing with the spectral library of standard substances to judge whether there is corresponding solid waste pollution;

[0027] The radioactive substance judgment sub-module is used to judge the pre-processed gamma rays. If the intensity of the gamma rays exceeds the preset intensity range, it is judged that there is radioactive pollution.

[0028] Further, the anomaly analysis module includes: a coefficient storage sub-module and a pollution dynamic assessment sub-module;

[0029] The coefficient storage sub-module is used to store the weight coefficients of each type of pollutant, the weight coefficients and influence coefficients of each item of marine environment data, and the conversion factors between various types of pollution;

[0030] The pollution dynamic assessment sub-module is used to call the weight coefficients and influence coefficients in the coefficient storage sub-module, and obtain the pollution degree corresponding to each type of pollutant through the marine pollution dynamic assessment model.

[0031] Further, the marine pollution dynamic assessment model is expressed as:

[0032]

[0033] f(V,S,pH)=a×V b +c×S d +e×(pH-pH opt ) g

[0034] Where P represents the current pollution degree of the target marine area; n represents a total of n types of pollutants; C i represents the relative content of the i-th type of pollutant; W i represents the weight coefficient of the i-th type of pollutant; f(V,S,pH) represents the adjustment factor of the flow velocity V, salinity S and pH value; a represents the weight coefficient of the flow velocity V; b represents the influence coefficient of the flow velocity V in the adjustment factor; c represents the weight coefficient of the salinity S; d represents the influence coefficient of the salinity S in the adjustment factor; e represents the weight coefficient of the pH value; pH opt represents the optimal pH value of seawater; g represents the influence coefficient of the pH value in the adjustment factor.

[0035] Further:

[0036] (1) For heavy metal pollution and organic pollution:

[0037] C i =C chem

[0038] Where C chem represents the mass concentration of heavy metal pollution or organic pollution;

[0039] (2) For solid waste pollution:

[0040] C i = αC solid

[0041] wherein, C solid represents the mass ratio or volume ratio of the solid waste components; α represents the conversion factor for converting C solid to C i .

[0042] (3) For radioactive contamination:

[0043] C i = βC radio

[0044] wherein, C radio represents the activity concentration of the radionuclide; β represents the conversion factor for converting C solid to C i .

[0045] Furthermore, it further includes an early warning module;

[0046] The early warning module is used to set and store multiple pollution level intervals, and perform corresponding level early warnings according to the interval where the pollution level is located.

[0047] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a real-time marine environment detection method, which applies the above system and includes the following steps:

[0048] Real-time obtain the marine pollution data and marine environment data collected by the sensor assembly in the target marine area through the data acquisition module;

[0049] Preprocess the marine pollution data and the marine environment data through the data preprocessing module;

[0050] Judge the preprocessed marine pollution data through the anomaly judgment module to obtain the types of pollutants existing in the target marine area;

[0051] Analyze based on the pollutant types in combination with the marine environment data through the anomaly analysis module to obtain the current pollution level of the target marine area.

[0052] Furthermore, it further includes: setting and storing multiple pollution level intervals through the early warning module, and performing corresponding level early warnings according to the interval where the pollution level is located.

[0053] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a real-time marine environment detection system and method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] By integrating multiple sensor components, the present invention can simultaneously acquire data on various pollutants and conduct comprehensive analysis and evaluation through data fusion technology, thereby achieving a comprehensive assessment of marine pollution. This multi-source data fusion assessment method can more accurately reflect the actual situation of marine pollution and provide a more scientific and reliable basis for marine pollution prevention and control.

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on the provided accompanying drawings without creative efforts.

[0057] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the framework of the real-time marine environment detection system provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the flow of the real-time marine environment detection method provided by the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0059] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Embodiment 1:

[0061] An embodiment of the present invention discloses a real-time marine environment detection system. Refer to Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a data acquisition module, a data preprocessing module, an anomaly judgment module, and an anomaly analysis module; where:

[0062] The data acquisition module is used to acquire in real time the marine pollution data and marine environment data collected by the sensor components in the target marine area;

[0063] The data preprocessing module is used to preprocess the marine pollution data and marine environment data;

[0064] The anomaly judgment module is used to judge the preprocessed marine pollution data to obtain the types of pollutants existing in the target marine area;

[0065] Anomaly analysis module, which is used to analyze based on the pollutant type in combination with marine environment data to obtain the current pollution degree of the target marine area.

[0066] By integrating a variety of sensor components, the present invention can simultaneously obtain data on a variety of pollutants and conduct comprehensive analysis and evaluation through data fusion technology, so as to achieve a comprehensive assessment of marine pollution. This multi-source data fusion evaluation method can more accurately reflect the actual situation of marine pollution and provide a more scientific and reliable basis for marine pollution prevention and control.

[0067] Next, each of the above modules will be described in detail.

[0068] 1. Data acquisition module

[0069] The data acquisition module is used to obtain in real time the marine pollution data and marine environment data collected by the sensor components in the target marine area; among them: the marine pollution data includes the heavy metal concentration and total organic carbon content of seawater, the absorption spectrum of dissolved or suspended substances in seawater within the infrared spectral range, and the gamma rays released by radioactive substances in seawater; the marine environment data includes the flow rate, salinity and pH value of seawater;

[0070] In order to accurately detect the above-mentioned marine pollution data and marine environment data, in the embodiments of the present invention, the sensor components are set as an integration of a heavy metal concentration sensor, a TOC sensor, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, a gamma ray spectrometer, a flow rate sensor, a salinity sensor and a PH detector;

[0071] The heavy metal concentration in seawater is measured in real time by the heavy metal concentration sensor; the total organic carbon content in seawater is measured in real time by the TOC sensor; the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used to analyze in real time the absorption spectrum of dissolved or suspended substances in seawater within the infrared spectral range; the gamma rays released by radioactive substances in seawater are detected in real time by the gamma ray spectrometer; the flow rate of seawater is measured in real time by the flow rate sensor; the salinity of seawater is measured in real time by the salinity sensor; the pH value of seawater is measured in real time by the PH detector;

[0072] Through the sensor components deployed in the target marine area, the latest marine pollution data and environmental data can be continuously collected, ensuring the immediacy and timeliness of the monitoring information.

[0073] 2. Data preprocessing module

[0074] The data preprocessing module includes a data cleaning sub-module and a data denoising sub-module; among them:

[0075] (1) The data cleaning sub-module is used to clean the duplicate data in the marine pollution data and marine environment data, ensuring the accuracy of the data used for subsequent analysis;

[0076] (2) Data denoising sub-module, which is used to denoise the cleaned marine pollution data and marine environment data, improving the authenticity and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0077] 3. Abnormality judgment module

[0078] This abnormality judgment module includes a heavy metal judgment sub-module, an organic compound judgment sub-module, a solid waste judgment sub-module, and a radioactive substance judgment sub-module; among them:

[0079] (1) Heavy metal judgment sub-module, which is used to judge the concentration of heavy metals after pretreatment; if the heavy metal concentration exceeds the preset heavy metal concentration value, it is determined that there is heavy metal pollution.

[0080] (2) Organic compound judgment sub-module, which is used to judge the total organic carbon content after pretreatment; if the total organic carbon content exceeds the preset content value, it is determined that there is organic pollution.

[0081] (3) Solid waste judgment sub-module, which is used to compare the absorption spectrum after pretreatment with the spectral library of standard substances to judge whether there is corresponding solid waste pollution.

[0082] (4) Radioactive substance judgment sub-module, which is used to judge the gamma rays after pretreatment; if the intensity of the gamma rays exceeds the preset intensity range, it is judged that there is radioactive pollution.

[0083] Through this abnormality judgment module, the types of pollutants present are accurately determined, realizing the comprehensive monitoring of marine pollution and helping to carry out targeted treatment work.

[0084] 4. Abnormality analysis module

[0085] This abnormality analysis module includes a coefficient storage sub-module and a pollution dynamic assessment sub-module; among them:

[0086] (1) Coefficient storage sub-module, which is used to store the weight coefficients of each type of pollutant, the weight coefficients and influence coefficients of each item of marine environment data, and the conversion factors between various types of pollution.

[0087] (2) Pollution dynamic assessment sub-module, which is used to call the weight coefficients and influence coefficients in the coefficient storage sub-module, and through the marine pollution dynamic assessment model, obtain the pollution degree corresponding to each type of pollutant.

[0088] Among them, the marine pollution dynamic assessment model is expressed as:

[0089]

[0090] f(V,S,pH)=a×Vb + c × S d + e × (pH - pH opt ) g

[0091] Among them, P represents the current pollution degree of the target ocean area; n represents that there are n types of pollutants in total; C i represents the relative content of the i-th type of pollutant; W i represents the weight coefficient of the i-th type of pollutant; f(V, S, pH) represents the adjustment factor of the flow velocity V, salinity S, and pH value; a represents the weight coefficient of the flow velocity V; b represents the influence coefficient of the flow velocity V in the adjustment factor; c represents the weight coefficient of the salinity S; d represents the influence coefficient of the salinity S in the adjustment factor; e represents the weight coefficient of the pH value; pH opt represents the optimal pH value of seawater; g represents the influence coefficient of the pH value in the adjustment factor.

[0092] Since there are multiple types of pollutants in the embodiments of the present invention, during the calculation process, it is necessary to unify the relative contents of multiple pollutants to achieve multi-source data fusion processing; specifically:

[0093] (1) For heavy metal pollution and organic pollution:

[0094] C i = C chem

[0095] Among them, C chem represents the mass concentration of heavy metal pollution or organic pollution;

[0096] (2) For solid waste pollution:

[0097] C i = αC solid

[0098] Among them, C solid represents the mass ratio or volume ratio of the solid waste component; α represents the conversion factor for converting C solid to C i .

[0099] (3) For radioactive pollution:

[0100] C i = βC radio

[0101] Among them, C radio represents the activity concentration of the radionuclide; β represents the conversion factor for converting C solid to C i .

[0102] Through this dynamic assessment model of marine pollution, the interaction between different factors can be quantified, making the pollution assessment results more objective and fair.

[0103] Embodiment 2:

[0104] On the basis of the above Embodiment 1, the embodiment of the present invention further adds a warning module, which is used to set and store multiple pollution level intervals, and perform corresponding level warnings according to the interval where the pollution level is located; for example:

[0105] Set the first pollution level interval, the second pollution level interval, and the third pollution level interval, corresponding to the first-level warning, the second-level warning, and the third-level warning respectively; among them, the first-level warning indicates that the target marine area is slightly polluted at this time, and there is hope for natural degradation of pollutants in a short time; the second-level warning indicates that the target marine area is moderately polluted at this time, and the pollutants cannot be naturally degraded in a short time and need simple artificial assistance; the third-level warning indicates that the target marine area is severely polluted at this time, and the pollutants cannot be naturally degraded, and relevant departments need to take emergency measures to ensure that the pollution will not continue to spread.

[0106] Embodiment 3:

[0107] On the basis of the above Embodiment 1 and / or Embodiment 2, the embodiment of the present invention further adds a visualization module; specifically: a plurality of detection nodes are equidistantly set in the target marine area according to a preset distance, and a set of sensor components are arranged at each node;

[0108] On this basis, the above visualization module is communicatively connected to the data acquisition module, the anomaly judgment module, and the anomaly analysis module; and the visualization module includes a detection data display sub-module, a single pollution level display sub-module, and a total pollution level display sub-module; among them:

[0109] (1) The detection data display sub-module is used to display the marine pollution data collected by the sensor components at each detection node; based on this, the specific data values of the relevant pollution at each detection node can be viewed.

[0110] (2) The single pollution level display sub-module is used to display the pollution level of each type of pollutant at each detection node through a line graph; based on this, it can be intuitively seen which type of pollution is the most serious at each detection node, which helps the relevant departments to carry out sewage treatment in a targeted manner; and according to the change trend of the pollution level values of this type of pollutant at multiple detection nodes, it helps the relevant departments to quickly find the emission source of this type of pollutant and predict the pollution trend of this type of pollutant.

[0111] (3) The total pollution level display sub-module is used to show the total pollution level of all types of pollutants at each detection node through a curve graph; based on this, it is convenient for relevant departments and researchers to view the change degree of pollution in the target ocean area as a whole, providing a more scientific and reliable basis for marine pollution prevention and control.

[0112] Embodiment 4:

[0113] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a real-time marine environment detection method, which applies the above-mentioned real-time marine environment detection system. Refer to Figure 2 as shown, and includes the following steps:

[0114] S1. Real-time obtain the marine pollution data and marine environment data collected by the sensor component in the target ocean area through the data acquisition module;

[0115] S2. Preprocess the marine pollution data and marine environment data through the data preprocessing module;

[0116] S3. Judge the preprocessed marine pollution data through the anomaly judgment module to obtain the types of pollutants existing in the target ocean area;

[0117] S4. Analyze through the anomaly analysis module in combination with the marine environment data based on the pollutant types to obtain the current pollution level of the target ocean area;

[0118] S5. Set and store multiple pollution level intervals through the early warning module, and conduct corresponding-level early warnings according to the interval where the pollution level is located.

[0119] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the methods disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the systems disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple. For the relevant parts, refer to the description in the method part.

[0120] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A real-time marine environment detection system, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module, data preprocessing module, abnormality judgment module and abnormality analysis module; The data acquisition module is used to acquire in real time the marine pollution data and marine environment data collected by the sensor components in the target marine area; The data preprocessing module is used to preprocess the marine pollution data and the marine environment data; The abnormality judgment module is used to judge the pre-processed marine pollution data to obtain the type of pollutants existing in the target marine area; The abnormal analysis module is used to combine the marine environmental data, perform analysis based on the pollutant type, and obtain the current pollution level of the target marine area.

2. A marine environment real-time detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor assembly is an integration of a heavy metal concentration sensor, a TOC sensor, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, a gamma ray spectrometer, a flow rate sensor, a salinity sensor and a pH detector; The heavy metal concentration sensor is used to measure the heavy metal concentration in seawater in real time; The TOC sensor is used to measure the total organic carbon content in seawater in real time; The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used to analyze the absorption spectrum of dissolved matter or suspended matter in seawater in real time within the infrared spectrum range; The gamma-ray spectrometer is used to detect gamma rays released by radioactive substances in seawater in real time; The flow velocity sensor is used to measure the flow velocity of seawater in real time; The salinity sensor is used to measure the salinity of seawater in real time; The pH detector is used to measure the pH value of seawater in real time.

3. A marine environment real-time detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data preprocessing module includes: a data cleaning submodule and a data denoising submodule; The data cleaning submodule is used to clean the duplicate data in the marine pollution data and the marine environment data; The data denoising submodule is used to perform denoising on the cleaned marine pollution data and marine environment data.

4. A marine environment real-time detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The abnormality judgment module includes: a heavy metal judgment submodule, an organic compound judgment submodule, a solid waste judgment submodule and a radioactive substance judgment submodule; The heavy metal judgment submodule is used to judge the heavy metal concentration after pretreatment; if the heavy metal concentration exceeds the preset heavy metal concentration value, it is determined that heavy metal pollution exists; The organic compound judgment submodule is used to judge the total organic carbon content after pretreatment, and if the total organic carbon content exceeds a preset content value, it is determined that organic pollution exists; The solid waste judgment submodule is used to compare the absorption spectrum after pretreatment with the spectrum library of standard substances to determine whether there is corresponding solid waste pollution; The radioactive material determination submodule is used to determine the pre-processed gamma rays, and if the intensity of the gamma rays exceeds a preset intensity range, it is determined that radioactive contamination exists.

5. A marine environment real-time detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The abnormal analysis module includes: a coefficient storage submodule and a pollution dynamic assessment submodule; The coefficient storage submodule is used to store the weight coefficient of each type of pollutant, the weight coefficient and influence coefficient of each marine environmental data, and the conversion factor between various types of pollution; The pollution dynamic assessment submodule is used to call the weight coefficient and the influence coefficient in the coefficient storage submodule, and obtain the pollution degree corresponding to each type of pollutant through the marine pollution dynamic assessment model.

6. A marine environment real-time detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dynamic assessment model of marine pollution is expressed as: f(V,S,pH)=a×V b +c×S d +e×(pH-pH opt ) g Among them, P represents the current pollution level of the target marine area; n represents the total number of n types of pollutants; C i Indicates the relative content of the i-th type of pollutant; W i represents the weight coefficient of the i-th type of pollutant; f(V,S,pH) represents the adjustment factors of flow velocity V, salinity S and pH value; a represents the weight coefficient of flow velocity V; b represents the influence coefficient of flow velocity V in the adjustment factor; c represents the weight coefficient of salinity S; d represents the influence coefficient of salinity S in the adjustment factor; e represents the weight coefficient of pH value; pH opt represents the optimal pH value of seawater; g represents the influence coefficient of pH value in the adjustment factor.

7. A marine environment real-time detection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: (1) For heavy metal pollution and organic pollution: C i =C chem Among them, C chem Indicates the mass concentration of heavy metal pollution or organic pollution; (2) For solid waste pollution: C i =αC solid Among them, C solid Indicates the mass ratio or volume ratio of solid waste components; α indicates that C solid Convert to C i Conversion factor of (3) Regarding radioactive contamination: C i =βC radio Among them, C radio represents the activity concentration of radioactive nuclides; β represents the concentration of C solid Convert to C i The conversion factor.

8. A marine environment real-time detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an early warning module; The early warning module is used to set and store multiple pollution degree intervals, and issue early warnings of corresponding levels according to the pollution degree intervals.

9. A method for real-time detection of marine environment, characterized in that: The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: The data acquisition module is used to obtain in real time the marine pollution data and marine environment data collected by the sensor components in the target marine area; Preprocessing the marine pollution data and the marine environment data by a data preprocessing module; The pre-processed marine pollution data is judged by the abnormal judgment module to obtain the type of pollutants existing in the target marine area; The abnormal analysis module is combined with the marine environmental data to perform analysis based on the pollutant type to obtain the current pollution level of the target marine area.

10. A method for real-time detection of marine environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of pollution degree intervals are set and stored through the early warning module, and early warnings of corresponding levels are issued according to the intervals in which the pollution degrees are located.

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