Building analysis system based on shape grammar theory

Abstract

The invention discloses a building analysis system based on a shape grammar theory, relates to the technical field of building analysis, and has the technical key points that the shape grammar theory is taken as a grammar, various generative design technical methods and algorithm language programs are integrated, and thinking and logic levels of building design are optimized; on the design process and design logic, operation objects are abstracted into definitions of basic shapes and rules, so that the design process is organized, clear, simple and easy to understand, the design efficiency and scheme quality when designers face related complex and large-amount problems are improved, the problem that design is stiff in rural dwellings design is solved, and the design efficiency is improved. And a new technical method is provided for traditional village building design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building analysis, and in particular to a building analysis system based on shape grammar theory. Background Art

[0002] Traditional villages and historical buildings have their own development context and construction rules, and therefore they are highly compatible with shape grammar. Shape grammar can be better applied in the analysis and reproduction of rural or traditional buildings. In the protection and application of traditional buildings, Xiong Lu was the first to carry out research and practice in China. When he began to study shape grammar in 2012, he reproduced the Guangdong bamboo tube house and the Dong drum tower through the deconstruction and parametric generation of grammatical rules. By analyzing the relevant typical cases of bamboo tube houses and Dong drum towers, their construction techniques and composition methods were deconstructed in detail, thus determining the detailed grammars such as plane grammar, section grammar, gable grammar, and roof grammar, and then determining the possible generation methods of each building component, completing the construction and reproduction of the entire building. After that, more scholars such as Wang Jiang, Yang Guoquan, Cai Xindong, and Zhang Yuhang continued to apply shape grammar to the reproduction research of rural or traditional buildings.

[0003] However, when the above scholars studied the issues related to shape grammar and traditional villages, the digital results they generated were still slightly lacking in completeness and richness, either because the accumulation of case shape sets was not comprehensive enough, or because the formulation of rules was not sufficiently consistent with the construction logic of the building itself.

[0004] To this end, the present invention aims to provide a building analysis system based on shape grammar theory to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide an architectural analysis system based on shape grammar theory. With shape grammar theory as a starting point, a variety of generative design technical methods and algorithmic language programs are integrated to optimize the thinking and logical levels of architectural design. In terms of design process and design logic, the operation objects are abstracted into the definition of basic shapes and rules, so that the design process is clear and easy to understand, which improves the design efficiency and solution quality of designers when facing related complex and large-scale problems, solves the problems of rigid design in rural residential design, and provides new technical methods for traditional village road architectural design.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The present invention provides a building analysis system based on shape grammar theory, the system comprising a primary rule module, a secondary rule module and a tertiary rule module;

[0008] The primary rule module includes a set of building plane shapes, and a parameter n is input into the primary rule module to generate a corresponding building plane combination based on the "straight-line" building main body;

[0009] The secondary rule module includes a set of building frame shapes, and a parameter n+1 is input into the secondary rule module, and a frame syntax can be combined and superimposed on the building plane to generate a building skeleton;

[0010] The third-level rule module includes various interfaces and details of the building. By inputting parameter n+2 into the second-level rule module, the building interfaces and details can be superimposed on the building skeleton to generate a three-dimensional model of the building.

[0011] The building plane shape set includes a straight plane shape, a L-shaped plane shape, a concave plane shape, a mouth-shaped plane shape, a mountain-shaped plane shape, and a dish-shaped plane shape. The building frame shape set includes a span, a depth, a height, and a column overlap form. The building interfaces and their details include building facades and roofs.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, this solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. The present invention analyzes and protects traditional residential buildings by introducing shape grammar theory: shape grammar, a computer-aided design method, is combined with the protection strategy of Tujia residential buildings. Through field research and analysis of residential building characteristics in the Tujia area in southeastern Chongqing, an initial corpus of two-dimensional morphological features of residential buildings and residential courtyards is established, and the layout organization rules of residential buildings and residential courtyard organization rules are defined. The effectiveness of this method is verified through parametric expression and automated design, which improves the efficiency of architectural design, effectively solves the problem of rigid layout of Tujia residential buildings, further improves the livability of Tujia residential buildings, meets the needs of modern life, and provides new ideas for rural design theories, methods and technologies;

[0014] 2. The present invention uses algorithmic language to define shape grammar rules to achieve automatic conversion from plane layout to three-dimensional model; by combining with the application of large digital platform, the design process is made more efficient and intelligent, which greatly improves the design efficiency and provides more possibilities for architectural design;

[0015] 3. The present invention realizes the automatic conversion from plane layout to three-dimensional model by defining the shape grammar rules of three-dimensional model; by establishing hierarchical grammar rules, the design process is made more orderly and the design efficiency is improved; at the same time, through parametric expression, the design results can be flexibly adjusted according to different needs, providing more flexibility for architectural design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1It is a flowchart of generating a 3D model by the building analysis system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the technical route of the building analysis system in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0020] Embodiment:

[0021] Research method (taking Tujia architecture as an example):

[0022] Tujia stilted buildings are a kind of pure wooden structure buildings, adopting the column-and-beam structure without using a single nail or rivet. This architectural style combines the ethnic cultural characteristics of the Tujia nationality and the local natural geographical environment, reflecting the wisdom and creativity of the Tujia people. Stilted buildings are generally built along the mountains and divided into platforms. They are suspended above the ground, which is not only ventilated and dry, but also can prevent poisonous snakes and wild beasts. Sundries can also be placed under the floor. Coupled with the elegant silk eaves and the spacious walkways (also known as shuazi), the stilted buildings form a unique style and become a major school among the excellent residential buildings in China.

[0023] Following the tradition, Tujia folk houses have formed unique planar form characteristics in the long evolution process. Tujia folk houses in Chongqing can generally be divided into three basic forms, namely the linear type, the L-shaped type, and the concave type (i.e., the three-sided courtyard). On the basis of the basic type, more complex forms such as the square type (i.e., the four-sided courtyard), the mountain type, and the dish type are also evolved, as well as various other planar forms adapted to local conditions according to the mountains.

[0024] The evolution of the above-mentioned various planar forms also has its internal logic, that is, guided by the functional layout, keeping the "linear" main hall unchanged and extending and superimposing functional blocks such as wing rooms and kitchens on both sides. Therefore, in terms of shape logic, we can establish the "linear" as the initial shape, and regard other various planar forms as the "RHS" after regular evolution, that is, the resulting shape after regular evolution in shape grammar.

[0025] However, at the initial stage of the research, this "resulting shape" first needs to be manifested as a set of shapes available for analysis. This reverse tracing process is exactly the process of summarizing the "grammar" of its planar organization. By analyzing the existing research materials and sorting out and extracting various planar forms of Tujia folk houses as the initial "shape set", it is the first step to summarize the "grammar" of the generation of Tujia folk house architecture.

[0026] After the planar form is established, the framework will determine the subsequent construction and implementation of Tujia folk house architecture. Before building a house, a mature traditional Tujia craftsman often only needs to determine the number of columns to be set, and then can directly decide the size of the house and even the amount of materials used. This is because during the long-term communal living in the settlement, the Tujia ethnic group has formed its own unique "modulus" in construction technology, which is the wisdom and experience of traditional Tujia craftsmen.

[0027] Therefore, the "shape" of the column-and-beam framework is the second level of the shape set and the subsequent rule set. In the traditional Tujia framework, to maximize the load-bearing effect of the columns while saving materials, the columns are divided into "floor columns" and "riding columns", from which rich column arrangements have evolved. For example, in addition to the "thousands of columns on the ground" type where all columns reach the ground, common roof truss types in the main house (seat house) of the folk house include "three columns and four riders", "three columns and six riders", "five columns and four riders", "five columns and six riders", etc. Therefore, the framework should be summarized and collected as the shape set at the second level, and its grammar rules will directly determine the form of the building.

[0028] After the framework shape set is determined, the next level of the shape set is the interfaces and details of the building, including the building elevation and the roof. Each building interface is composed of specific construction details, which need to be disassembled and analyzed, and different detail shape sets are sorted out by category to summarize the grammar rules of each detailed structure. This shape set still needs to be summarized and sorted out according to the local specific technical methods to ensure the restoration and integrity of the building style. For example, the common sizes and opening positions of doors and windows, the practices of the ridge stacks and ridge ornaments in the roof ridge, etc. These detailed features that can reflect the traditional style of Tujia settlements all need to establish detailed grammar for interpretation and rule description.

[0029] The so-called "grammar" is to form a systematic and regular design language through the extraction and transformation of computer algorithm languages.

[0030] Corresponding to each level of the shape set, the grammar rule sets are summarized and extracted from each level of the shape set, the grammar rules for building Tujia folk houses are summarized, and the first-level rules, second-level rules, and third-level rules are summarized hierarchically to form a grammar system with controllable parameters and hierarchical connection.

[0031] The content of the grammar rules at each level is as follows:

[0032] (1) Level 1 rule: Based on the set initial shape, the parameter n is input to generate different architectural plan combinations of Tujia dwellings.

[0033] (2) Secondary rules: Based on the existing generated plane, the parameter n+1 superimposed frame syntax is input to further generate the residential skeleton, including the span, depth, height, column overlap form, etc.

[0034] (3) Level 3 rule: Input parameter n+2 on the building skeleton and continue to superimpose detail syntax to complete the generation of the building interface.

[0035] Therefore, through hierarchical grammatical rules, a complete Tujia dwelling construction grammar is formed.

[0036] By summarizing and summarizing the collected Tujia dwelling materials, graphically structuring and abstracting them, and then summarizing the Tujia dwelling space corpus, we can provide a foundation and basis for the construction of shape grammar. The primary rules of architectural construction are reduced to abstract two-dimensional diagrams, and the subsequent rules are deduced from the evolution of abstract shapes. At the same time, we summarize and analyze them on this basis, decompose the rule logic at the three-dimensional level into two-dimensional, and conduct in-depth graphical analysis with tables, analysis diagrams, technical logic diagrams, etc.

[0037] Through field visits and field investigations, we summarized the plane and facade forms of Tujia folk houses, window openings and other detailed features, and understood the internal evolution of Tujia folk houses. At the same time, through on-site observation and recording, scene shooting and other means, we recorded and drew the spatial texture and courtyard type of Tujia folk houses, and visited the Agricultural Bureau, Housing and Construction Bureau and other units to obtain a large amount of first-hand materials, and improved the building plane shape set, building frame shape set and building interfaces and their details.

[0038] The above specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not limitations of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the embodiments without any creative contribution as needed. However, such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A building analysis system based on shape grammar theory, characterized by: The system comprises a primary rule module, a secondary rule module and a tertiary rule module; The primary rule module includes a set of building plane shapes, a parameter n is input into the primary rule module, and a corresponding building plane combination is generated based on the set initial shape; The secondary rule module includes a set of building frame shapes, and a parameter n+1 is input into the secondary rule module, and a frame syntax can be combined and superimposed on the building plane to generate a building skeleton; The third-level rule module includes various interfaces and details of the building. By inputting parameter n+2 into the second-level rule module, the building interfaces and details can be superimposed on the building skeleton to generate a three-dimensional model of the building.

2. The architectural analysis system based on shape grammar theory as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The building plane shape set includes a straight plane shape, a L-shaped plane shape, a concave plane shape, a mouth-shaped plane shape, a mountain-shaped plane shape and a dish-shaped plane shape.

3. The building analysis system based on shape grammar theory as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The building frame shape set includes span, depth, height and column overlap form.

4. The architectural analysis system based on shape grammar theory as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The building interfaces and their details include building facades and roofs.

5. The building analysis system based on shape grammar theory as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The initial shape is a "straight-line" building body.

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