Energy scheduling method, energy management unit, computer-readable storage medium, and energy storage system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage systems, and discloses an energy scheduling method, an energy management unit, a computer-readable storage medium, and an energy storage system. The method includes: obtaining target power information; sending a target power scheduling instruction from the energy storage inverter unit to the first microcontroller unit according to the target power information to obtain a first scheduling time and a second scheduling time; sending a target data request instruction to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit respectively to obtain target data and a third scheduling time; obtaining an energy scheduling cycle according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; and performing energy scheduling according to the energy scheduling cycle. By quantifying the energy scheduling cycle to replace the empirical setting, the defect of the energy scheduling cycle being too long or too short caused by the empirical method being unable to cover the delay superposition effect of multiple communication paths is avoided, thereby avoiding the risk of overcharging / discharging and improving the safety of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage systems, and in particular to an energy scheduling method, an energy management unit, a computer-readable storage medium, and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread adoption of renewable energy, particularly photovoltaic power generation, and the continued development of the electricity market, the demand for photovoltaic grid-connected energy storage systems is also growing. These systems typically consist of multiple components, including a battery management system (BMS), an energy storage inverter (PCS), and an energy management system (EMS).

[0003] As the brain of the energy storage system, EMS collects data from each unit, calculates the target power, and dispatches energy. The energy scheduling time base settings of existing EMS mostly rely on the experience of engineers and lack unified standards. Common problems include: 1. Data asynchrony: Different modules use different communication protocols, and differences in data refresh cycles lead to inconsistent information received by EMS. For example, the system's photovoltaic power is all fed into the grid, but the photovoltaic power is refreshed once every 1 second, while the grid power is refreshed every 2 seconds. When photovoltaic power fluctuates, the photovoltaic power will definitely not be equal to the grid power. 2. Uncontrollable scheduling delay: The communication link delay and power adjustment time are not quantified. The empirical method cannot cover the delay superposition effect of multiple communication paths. The scheduling cycle may be too long or too short, resulting in a mismatch between the scheduling instructions and the system status, which in turn leads to the risk of overcharging / discharging, further affecting the stability and safety of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The implementation methods of this application mainly solve the technical problem of how to rationalize the energy scheduling cycle to improve system safety and stability.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted in an embodiment of the present application is: providing an energy scheduling method, the method being applied to an energy management unit, the energy management unit being respectively communicatively connected to an energy storage inverter unit, a battery management unit, and a second micro control unit, the energy storage inverter unit being further communicatively connected to a first micro control unit, the method comprising: obtaining target power information; sending a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit based on the target power information, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first micro control unit; wherein the time for transmitting the target power information from the energy management unit to the first micro control unit is a first scheduling time; The maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time; the target data request instruction is sent to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit and the second microcontroller unit respectively to obtain the target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit and the second microcontroller unit when each responds to the target data request instruction, and the time used by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data is recorded respectively to obtain each data response time, and the third scheduling time is determined according to each data response time; the energy scheduling period is obtained according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time and the third scheduling time; and energy scheduling is performed according to the energy scheduling period.

[0006] In some embodiments, obtaining the response time of each data includes: obtaining a first response time based on the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the battery management unit and the time required for the battery management unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction; obtaining a second response time based on the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the first microcontroller unit and the time required for the first microcontroller unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction; obtaining a third response time based on the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the second microcontroller unit and the time required for the second microcontroller unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction.

[0007] In some embodiments, determining the third scheduling time based on the data response times includes: sorting the first response time, the second response time, and the third response time, determining the maximum value among the first response time, the second response time, and the third response time, and recording the maximum value as the third scheduling time.

[0008] In some embodiments, the method further includes: performing a target data request according to the data response time and the energy scheduling period.

[0009] In some embodiments, the target data request based on the data response time and the energy scheduling cycle includes: obtaining a first request time based on the first response time and the energy scheduling cycle; obtaining a second request time based on the second response time and the energy scheduling cycle; obtaining a third request time based on the third response time and the energy scheduling cycle; the energy management unit sends a first target data request instruction to the battery management unit at the first request time to obtain the first target data returned by the battery management unit; the energy management unit sends a second target data request instruction to the first micro control unit at the second request time to obtain the second target data returned by the first micro control unit; the energy management unit sends a third target data request instruction to the second micro control unit at the third request time to obtain the third target data returned by the second micro control unit; wherein the time when the energy management unit obtains the first target data, the second target data and the third target data is the same moment; the energy management unit performs energy scheduling according to the first target data, the second target data and the third target data.

[0010] In some embodiments, obtaining the target power information includes: receiving a scheduling task instruction; obtaining historical operation data and the system's current operation status data in response to the scheduling task instruction; and obtaining the target power information based on the historical operation data and the system's current operation status data.

[0011] To solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application is: to provide an energy management unit, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the energy scheduling method described above.

[0012] To solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application is: providing a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of the method described above.

[0013] In order to solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application is: to provide an energy storage system, the system includes: the energy management unit, the energy storage inverter unit, the battery management unit, the first micro control unit and the second micro control unit as described above, the energy management unit is respectively connected to the second micro control unit, the battery management unit and the energy storage inverter unit, and the energy storage inverter unit is also connected to the first micro control unit; the energy management unit is specifically used to: obtain target power information; according to the target power information, send a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first micro control unit; wherein, the target power information is obtained from the energy management unit. The time for the unit to be transmitted to the first microcontroller unit is the first scheduling time; the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time; the target data request instruction is sent to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit and the second microcontroller unit respectively to obtain the target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit and the second microcontroller unit when each responds to the target data request instruction, and the time used by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data is recorded respectively to obtain each data response time, and the third scheduling time is determined according to each data response time; the energy scheduling period is obtained according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time and the third scheduling time; energy scheduling is performed according to the energy scheduling period.

[0014] In some embodiments, the energy storage system is further configured to: perform target data requests based on the data response times and the energy scheduling cycle.

[0015] Different from the related art, this application proposes a method for quantifying energy scheduling cycles based on multi-dimensional time parameter coupling, constructs a communication delay-power regulation rate collaborative model, and determines the energy scheduling cycle (T=a+b+c) based on the target power delivery delay (first scheduling time a: the time it takes for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first microcontroller unit), the power regulation time (second scheduling time b: the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction), and the end-to-end delay (third scheduling time c: the time it takes for the EMS to issue a target data request instruction and for each unit to respond to the request instruction and return the target data). By quantifying the energy scheduling cycle instead of empirical settings, the defect of an energy scheduling cycle that is too long or too short, caused by the empirical method's inability to cover the delay superposition effect of multiple communication paths, is avoided, thereby avoiding the risk of overcharging / discharging and improving system security.

[0016] In a further solution, an active data synchronization mechanism was designed. Instead of the traditional periodic data reporting by each unit, the EMS proactively requests data. Based on the response time of each unit (battery management unit, first microcontroller unit, and second microcontroller unit), the EMS rationally schedules the sending time of target data requests, synchronizing the target data fed back by each unit. This avoids continuous bandwidth usage and reduces channel congestion, while also providing accurate data for energy scheduling and improving system stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] One or more embodiments are exemplarily illustrated by corresponding drawings, which do not constitute limitations on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are represented as similar elements, and unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute proportional limitations.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an energy management unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram of the energy scheduling cycle and low-frequency upload of operating status data in the prior art;

[0021] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of the energy scheduling cycle and high-frequency upload of operating status data in the prior art;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a target data request according to an energy scheduling cycle and each data response time provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of an energy scheduling method provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] It should be noted that, if there is no conflict, the various features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other and are all within the scope of protection of the present application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the technical field of the present application. The terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. The term "and / or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0026] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage system 100 includes: an energy management unit 10, an energy storage inverter unit 20, a battery management unit 30, a first micro control unit 40 and a second micro control unit 50. The energy management unit 10 is respectively communicated with the second micro control unit 50, the battery management unit 30 and the energy storage inverter unit 20, and the energy storage inverter unit 20 is also communicated with the first micro control unit 40.

[0027] The energy management unit 10 can be an EMS, the core control unit in the energy storage system. It is typically an embedded computing platform or industrial controller equipped with relevant software algorithms for optimizing energy scheduling across the entire system. Its components include, but are not limited to, an embedded computing unit, a communication unit, a software algorithm unit, and a data acquisition interface. Its operating principle is as follows: The EMS obtains grid power information (provided by the second micro-control unit 50), battery status information (provided by the battery management unit 30), and inverter operating data (provided by the energy storage inverter unit 20) through the communication unit. Based on the collected data, the EMS calculates a target power command and sends it to the energy storage inverter unit 20, which then performs power regulation. Its functions typically include: power calculation: calculating the target power of the energy storage system based on battery status, load demand, and grid information; data acquisition: actively acquiring data from the energy storage inverter unit 20 and the battery management unit 30 via the CAN bus, and periodically obtaining grid power information from the second micro-control unit 50; and dispatch control: issuing power commands based on the calculation results, enabling dynamic control of the energy storage system and improving overall efficiency and stability.

[0028] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the energy management unit 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the energy management unit 10 includes: at least one processor 11; and a memory 12 in communication with the at least one processor 11. Figure 2In the example, a processor 11 is used. The memory 12 stores instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 11. The instructions are executed by at least one processor 11 so that at least one processor 11 can perform the energy scheduling method. The processor 11 and the memory 12 can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 2 The bus connection is taken as an example.

[0029] Memory 12, as a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer executable programs, and modules. Processor 11 executes the non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in memory 12 to execute various server functional applications and data processing, thereby implementing the energy scheduling method.

[0030] The memory 12 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the computing device, etc. In addition, the memory 12 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 12 may optionally include a memory remotely located relative to the processor 11, and these remote memories may be connected to the computing device via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include but are not limited to the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and a combination thereof. The one or more modules are stored in the memory 12, and when executed by one or more processors 11, the energy scheduling method is executed.

[0031] The energy storage inverter unit 20 can be a PCS, the inverter unit in the energy storage system, responsible for converting AC to DC power and controlling the output and input of electrical energy. In practice, its components include, but are not limited to, a power conversion unit, a control unit, a communication unit, and power electronics. Its operating principle is that the PCS dynamically outputs or inputs electrical energy based on power commands issued by the EMS. In photovoltaic energy storage applications, the PCS also processes the DC power generated by photovoltaic power generation and converts it into usable AC power, or directly stores it in the battery. Its functions typically include: power conversion: achieving bidirectional conversion from DC to AC (inverter mode) or AC to DC (rectifier mode); power regulation: outputting target power according to EMS dispatch commands to ensure grid power balance; data monitoring: monitoring and providing feedback on inverter power, photovoltaic power, grid status, and other information; and protection: preventing abnormalities such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and overtemperature to ensure safe equipment operation.

[0032] The battery management unit 30 can be a BMS, which is used to monitor and manage the battery's operating status. It typically consists of sensors, a controller, a communication unit, and protection circuits. Its operating principle is as follows: The BMS monitors battery parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature in real time, calculates the battery's state of charge (SOC) and state of power (SOP), and transmits this data to the EMS. The EMS optimizes energy scheduling based on the data provided by the BMS and the overall system requirements. Simultaneously, the BMS protects the battery during charging and discharging based on its internal logic. Its functions typically include: battery protection: By monitoring battery parameters, it prevents overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating, ensuring safe battery operation; data acquisition: Collecting battery information such as current, voltage, and SOP for the EMS to calculate power; and system coordination: Serving as an interface module between the battery and the EMS, it enables efficient data transmission and control.

[0033] The first microcontroller unit 40 is a microcontroller (MCU) or embedded processor used to perform the power regulation functions of the PCS. It is typically composed of a microprocessor, a communication interface, and input / output interfaces. Its operating principle is as follows: The first microcontroller unit 40 is tightly integrated with the PCS and collects operating data (such as inverter power and photovoltaic power) through data exchange. Its functions generally include: Data acquisition and preprocessing: Real-time monitoring of the PCS operating status, including parameters such as power and frequency. Instruction execution: Receives power parameters (such as voltage, current, and power) from the PCS and generates control instructions (such as charge and discharge switching and power regulation) based on preset algorithms; executes local closed-loop control (such as the PID algorithm) to quickly respond to changes in system status. Communication coordination: Serves as a bridge between local sensors and the PCS, responsible for uploading data and issuing instructions.

[0034] The second microcontroller unit 50 is responsible for collecting grid power data within the energy storage system and is typically an embedded device or controller. Its operating principle is to collect grid voltage, current, frequency, and other information, calculate grid power in real time, and transmit this data to the EMS. Its functions typically include: data acquisition: monitoring grid power information and providing input data for the EMS's power calculations; and grid status monitoring: providing the EMS with real-time grid status data to optimize energy scheduling.

[0035] against Figure 1 In the structure of the energy storage system shown, the energy management unit 10 is preferably connected to the energy storage inverter unit 20 and the battery management unit 30 via a CAN bus, the energy storage inverter unit 20 is preferably connected to the first micro control unit 40 via TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), and the energy management unit 10 is preferably connected to the second micro control unit 50 via a 485 bus.

[0036] Specifically, the energy management unit 10 is specifically used to: obtain target power information; send a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit according to the target power information, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first micro control unit; wherein the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first micro control unit is the first scheduling time a; the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time b; send a target data request instruction to the battery management unit, the first micro control unit, and the second micro control unit respectively to obtain the target data returned by the battery management unit, the first micro control unit, and the second micro control unit when each responds to the target data request instruction, respectively record the time taken by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data, obtain each data response time, and determine the third scheduling time c according to the each data response time; obtain an energy scheduling period T according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; and perform energy scheduling according to the energy scheduling period.

[0037] First, the energy management unit (EMS) calculates and obtains the system's target power information to provide a basis for subsequent energy scheduling. In some embodiments, obtaining the target power information includes: receiving a scheduling task instruction; responding to the scheduling task instruction, obtaining historical operating data and current system operating status data; and obtaining the target power information based on the historical operating data and current system operating status data.

[0038] As can be understood, the EMS receives dispatch task instructions from a higher-level system (such as a power grid dispatch center or user control center). Dispatch task instructions typically include the following information: dispatch target: the system's desired goal (e.g., maintaining grid frequency stability, optimizing battery life, etc.); power requirement range: the upper and lower limits of the target power (e.g., maximum charging or discharging power limits); effective time: the specific time when the target power scheduling begins; and duration: the duration of the target power scheduling execution. The EMS parses the received instructions, verifies their validity, and records them in the task queue before proceeding to the next step in the processing flow. Next, the EMS calls the data storage module to query historical operating data related to the dispatch task and collects the system's current real-time operating status through the communication unit. Finally, the EMS integrates historical operating data with current operating status data and inputs them into the dispatch algorithm. Based on the dispatch target, an algorithm is used to calculate the target power. Algorithms used include, but are not limited to, those based on power balancing and battery protection. Finally, the calculated target power is checked to ensure it meets the following constraints: whether it is within the system's allowable power range (without exceeding the power limits of the PCS and battery) and whether system response time is taken into account.

[0039] This embodiment uses the EMS to accurately calculate target power information that meets current needs based on scheduling task instructions and combined with the system's historical data and real-time status. This not only improves the accuracy and timeliness of scheduling, but also effectively protects the battery system and extends the service life of the equipment. At the same time, it meets the grid scheduling requirements and ensures the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0040] According to the target power information, the EMS sends a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit (PCS), so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, decomposes and optimizes the target power information, and then transmits it to the first micro control unit; wherein, the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first micro control unit is the first scheduling time a, and the first scheduling time a is the target power delivery delay, which includes the delay of information transmission, data processing and feedback, such as Figure 1 As shown, a=X1+X2.

[0041] It is understood that the EMS generates a target power dispatch instruction based on the target power information. The content of the dispatch instruction includes the required power output or input, usually including parameters such as current, voltage, and frequency. Subsequently, the EMS sends the target power dispatch instruction to the energy storage inverter unit 20 (PCS). When the PCS receives the target power dispatch instruction from the EMS, it decomposes and optimizes the power according to the actual state of the system and sends it to the lower-level microcontroller ( Figure 1 The first microcontroller unit in the PCS sends the following core information: power setting value (specific power instructions after decomposition, such as DC side voltage / current target value), working mode instructions (charging / discharging mode switching, grid-connected / off-grid mode selection), dynamic adjustment parameters (power ramp rate, limit value), protection thresholds (overvoltage / undervoltage, overcurrent, temperature protection threshold), timing synchronization signal (switching frequency, PMW duty cycle reference value). Based on the information sent by the PCS, the first microcontroller unit completes the following real-time control actions: (1) power closed-loop regulation: voltage / current regulation, dynamic response; (2) mode switching and state management: parsing the PCS working mode instructions and switching the hardware circuit state; (3) safety monitoring and protection: real-time monitoring, fault reporting; (4) data acquisition and preprocessing: sampling battery cell voltage, radiator temperature and other signals, and uploading them to the PCS after preprocessing.

[0042] For the first scheduling time a, the delay can be shortened by the following methods: (1) Trigger immediate issuance: When the communication mode is periodic transmission, the EMS can immediately send the scheduling instruction in the next cycle after receiving the new target power calculation result. In the system design, hardware interrupts or high-priority tasks can be used to ensure that the issuance of the new target power is executed immediately, thereby shortening the waiting time. This means that when the target power calculation is completed, the EMS should immediately actively request the lower-level device (PCS) to adjust the power and immediately send the scheduling instruction. By sending the scheduling instruction immediately, the EMS can more efficiently control the timing of data transmission and reduce unnecessary delays. (2) Optimize the communication protocol: Use a high-speed communication protocol, such as preferably using the CAN bus between the EMS and the PCS, and preferably using TTL communication between the PCS and the first microcontroller unit, thereby reducing transmission delays. For example, reduce the amount of redundant data in the communication frame and only send the key information required for the target power. By compressing the data volume and optimizing the data frame structure, the time required for each transmission is reduced. (3) Optimize hardware design: Ensure that the physical transmission rate of the communication link between the EMS and PCS is higher, such as upgrading the bus rate or reducing other communication loads on the bus to reduce the probability of communication conflicts. Another example is to use bidirectional communication to reduce the inter-frame interval time. For example, adjust the frame priority in the CAN bus to ensure that target power-related frames are sent with a higher priority. It can be understood that by optimizing multiple aspects of the communication protocol and communication mode, the first scheduling time a can be significantly reduced. This optimization can make the system respond more quickly, improve the overall power scheduling efficiency, and ensure that the energy storage system can stably adjust the power according to the predetermined target.

[0043] Secondly, the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit (PCS) to execute power adjustments based on the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time b, which is the power adjustment time. It should be understood that the second scheduling time b refers to the maximum time the PCS can adjust power and is generally fixed. The PCS adjusts output or input based on the target power, and this adjustment process affects the battery current and grid-side power. The adjustment process has a fixed adjustment rate, typically x watts per second. The maximum adjustment time occurs when adjusting from maximum charging power to maximum discharging power, or from maximum discharging power to maximum charging power. This is the most time-consuming stage of system power adjustment and is recorded as the second scheduling time b.

[0044] like Figure 3a and 3bAs shown, the time required for the EMS to send the target power scheduling instruction to the PCS, which then transmits it to the first microcontroller unit, and for the PCS to complete the power adjustment is a + b. At this point, all data for this target power scheduling has stabilized, and the stabilization period is S (S = a + b). After all data stabilizes, the EMS needs to obtain the stable operating status data (target data) of each unit after adjustment for the next target power calculation.

[0045] Traditional data acquisition is usually based on periodic uploads of each unit. Figure 3a As shown, for the energy scheduling cycle of the empirical method T tra If the upload cycle of each unit is too long (low frequency upload), the operating status data obtained by EMS may be unstable. Figure 3b As shown in Figure 2, if the upload cycle of each unit is too short (high-frequency upload), the communication load rate will increase, causing channel congestion.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present application, an active request-based data synchronization mechanism is designed to replace the traditional periodic data reporting of each unit. The EMS actively requests data. The EMS sends target data request instructions to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit, respectively, to obtain the target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit in response to the target data request instructions. The time taken by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data is obtained to obtain the respective data response time, and the third scheduling time c is determined based on the respective data response time.

[0047] In some embodiments, obtaining each data response time includes: obtaining a first response time based on the time required for the energy management unit to send a target data request instruction to the battery management unit and the time required for the battery management unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction; obtaining a second response time based on the time required for the energy management unit to send a target data request instruction to the first microcontroller unit and the time required for the first microcontroller unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction; obtaining a third response time based on the time required for the energy management unit to send a target data request instruction to the second microcontroller unit and the time required for the second microcontroller unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction.

[0048] Determining the third scheduling time according to each data response time includes: sorting the first response time, the second response time and the third response time, determining the maximum value among the first response time, the second response time and the third response time, and recording the maximum value as the third scheduling time.

[0049] by Figure 1 Taking the energy storage system 100 shown as an example, assuming that it takes X1+X2 seconds for the EMS to send a target data request command to the PCS and then to the first MCU, and X3+X4 seconds for the corresponding target data to be fed back from the first MCU to the PCS and then to the EMS, the EMS takes a maximum of X7 seconds to send the target data request command to the BMS, and X5 seconds for the corresponding target data to be fed back from the BMS to the EMS, and the EMS takes a maximum of X8 seconds to send the target data request command to the second MCU, and X6 seconds for the corresponding target data to be fed back from the second MCU to the EMS (taking into account the device communication frame interval), the end-to-end delays for the following three paths can be determined as: (X1+X2+X3+X4) seconds, (X7+X5) seconds, and (X8+X6) seconds. The EMS selects the maximum response time (Max(X1+X2+X3+X4, X7+X5, X8+X6)) from these three paths as the third scheduling time c.

[0050] It's important to note that when acquiring target data and the third scheduling time, the EMS employs an active request mechanism to adjust request priorities, giving target data requests a higher priority on the bus and reducing interference from other non-target data. Furthermore, for the target data returned by the three aforementioned paths, dedicated channels can be designed to transmit the target data, preventing it from sharing the same bus with other non-target data, thereby reducing latency and congestion. For example, the BMS can be designed to send target data via a dedicated CAN bus. Another example is the ability to reduce the content of data frames, returning only the target information (such as voltage, current, and SOC) required for EMS calculations. By compressing and splitting data, frame transmission time can be reduced.

[0051] In addition, an energy scheduling period is obtained according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time.

[0052] It can be understood that the energy scheduling cycle consists of three parts: First scheduling time a: The time it takes for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit (EMS) to the power storage inverter unit (PCS) and then to the first microcontroller unit (MCU) (X1 + X2). Second scheduling time b: The time it takes for the power storage inverter unit (PCS) to complete power regulation according to the target power scheduling instruction. This is typically determined by the PCS hardware characteristics and the maximum regulation rate (x watts / second). For example, regulating from maximum charging power to maximum discharging power takes the longest time. Third scheduling time c: The maximum time (Max) required for the EMS to issue a request instruction and for the BMS, first microcontroller unit, and second microcontroller unit to return the target data (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4, X7 + X5, X8 + X6). The energy scheduling cycle is the total time T (T = a + b + c) obtained by adding the first scheduling time a, the second scheduling time b, and the third scheduling time c.

[0053] Finally, energy scheduling is performed according to the energy scheduling cycle.

[0054] Based on the calculation results of the energy scheduling cycle, the EMS needs to plan the triggering time of the scheduling instructions to ensure system stability and avoid overlapping or conflicting instructions. Secondly, when the energy scheduling cycle is T, the triggering time of the next scheduling instruction should be set to T seconds after the end of the current scheduling cycle. Furthermore, within the energy scheduling cycle, the EMS must complete the following tasks: Target power calculation: Dynamically calculate the next target power value based on real-time load demand, energy storage system status, and other information. Power scheduling instruction issuance: Complete the transmission of target power information within the first scheduling time to ensure that the PCS and related equipment receive the latest scheduling instructions. Target power execution: The PCS completes the target power adjustment within the second scheduling time and synchronizes the adjustment status to the EMS. Data collection and analysis: During the third scheduling period, feedback data is collected from the BMS, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit, and analyzed to ensure that the scheduling targets are met. Furthermore, the EMS needs to monitor the operating status of each device in real time during the scheduling cycle and promptly handle any abnormalities. For example, if the PCS fails to complete the adjustment within the second scheduling time, the EMS needs to issue a warning or reissue the scheduling instruction. For example, during the data collection process, if a data path (such as BMS return time) exceeds the set threshold, the EMS needs to record it and take optimization measures.

[0055] This embodiment achieves precise control of the scheduling process by accurately acquiring target power information and dynamically calculating the energy scheduling cycle based on the first, second, and third scheduling times. Furthermore, the target power transmission time is shortened by optimizing communication methods, and the efficiency of data requests and processing is optimized through parallelization and priority control, reducing scheduling delays. Finally, through efficient collaboration between the energy management unit, battery management unit, microcontroller unit, and energy storage inverter unit, stable system operation is ensured, while improving the flexibility and reliability of energy scheduling and meeting the real-time power requirements of complex application scenarios.

[0056] It is understandable that in order to ensure that the returned data is up-to-date and stable, the target data request should be triggered when the following two conditions are met: The last scheduling instruction has been successfully issued: EMS needs to issue a target data request to each functional unit after the last target power scheduling instruction is sent and executed, as the basis for calculating the target power during the next energy scheduling. Consider communication delays and energy scheduling cycles: Based on the response time of each unit, EMS needs to calculate the appropriate target data request time point to ensure that the sending of the request instruction does not conflict with the scheduling process. EMS sends target data request instructions to each functional unit according to the pre-set logic. When the target data request instruction is issued, BMS, the first microcontroller unit and the second microcontroller unit will return the target data according to the instruction content.

[0057] In some embodiments, the energy management unit is further configured to: request target data according to the response time of each unit of the battery management unit, the first micro control unit, and the second micro control unit and the energy scheduling period T.

[0058] From the example of obtaining the third scheduling time described in the above embodiment, it can be seen that the first response time is (X7+X5) seconds, the second response time is (X1+X2+X3+X4) seconds, and the third response time is (X8+X6) seconds.

[0059] Based on the first response time, the second response time and the third response time, not only the third scheduling time, that is, the maximum value of the three response times, can be obtained, but also the first request time, the second request time and the third request time required for energy scheduling can be obtained based on each data response time and the energy scheduling cycle.

[0060] In some embodiments, target data requests are made according to each data response time and energy scheduling cycle, including: obtaining a first request time according to a first response time and energy scheduling cycle; obtaining a second request time according to a second response time and energy scheduling cycle; obtaining a third request time according to a third response time and energy scheduling cycle; the energy management unit sends a first target data request instruction to the battery management unit at the first request time to obtain the first target data returned by the battery management unit; the energy management unit sends a second target data request instruction to the first microcontroller unit at the second request time to obtain the second target data returned by the first microcontroller unit; the energy management unit sends a third target data request instruction to the second microcontroller unit at the third request time to obtain the third target data returned by the second microcontroller unit; wherein the time when the energy management unit obtains the first target data, the second target data and the third target data is the same moment; the energy management unit performs energy scheduling according to the first target data, the second target data and the third target data.

[0061] like Figure 4As shown, the EMS sets a preset calculation time t based on the energy scheduling cycle. This time point is the time point for energy scheduling calculations, meaning the EMS must complete the acquisition of all target data before this time point to ensure that scheduling decisions are based on the latest system status data. For example, if the EMS needs to calculate the next target power information at t seconds, then t seconds is the preset calculation time point. This time point is used for target data synchronization. Generally speaking, the calculation time for the EMS to obtain the next target power information after obtaining the system target data (various state data) is very short and basically negligible compared to the entire energy scheduling cycle T. Assuming that the last scheduling instruction was issued at t0, based on the energy scheduling cycle T, the next scheduling instruction is issued at t0 + T, which can be assumed to be t = t0 + T. First, the EMS analyzes the system communication path to determine the time from sending the target data request instruction to receiving the data. For the battery management unit (BMS), the response time is (X7 + X5) seconds; for the first microcontroller unit, the response time is (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4) seconds; and for the second microcontroller unit, the response time is (X8 + X6) seconds. Next, based on the energy scheduling period T (or the preset calculation time) and the response time of each functional unit, the EMS calculates when to send the target data request command to each module: t-(X7 + X5) seconds is the time to send the first target data request command to the BMS. t-(X1 + X2 + X3 + X4) seconds is the time to send the second target data request command to the first microcontroller unit. t-(X8 + X6) seconds is the time to send the third target data request command to the second microcontroller unit. Finally, the EMS sends the target data request command to each functional unit in sequence according to the calculated time points. At the first request time, t-(X7 + X5) seconds, the EMS sends the target data request command to the BMS and receives the first target data. At the second request time, t-(X1+X2+X3+X4) seconds, the EMS sends a target data request command to the first MCU and receives the second target data. At the third request time, t-(X8+X6) seconds, the EMS sends a target data request command to the second MCU and receives the third target data. This ensures that the EMS receives all target data simultaneously and in real time, allowing it to calculate the next target power information at that time and display the target data in real time.

[0062] This embodiment calculates the time to send request instructions in advance based on response time, ensuring that the EMS can obtain the latest system status data at the preset calculation time. Through distributed response time management and precise time point control, it avoids delays that may occur during data transmission, reduces channel congestion, and improves the system's real-time performance and scheduling efficiency. Furthermore, it can achieve precise energy scheduling in complex energy storage systems, effectively improving system reliability and responsiveness.

[0063] An embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage system, comprising: an energy management unit, an energy storage inverter unit, a battery management unit, a first microcontroller unit, and a second microcontroller unit. The energy management unit is specifically configured to: obtain target power information; send a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit based on the target power information, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first microcontroller unit; wherein the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first microcontroller unit is a first scheduling time; and the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is a second scheduling time; send a target data request instruction to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit respectively to obtain target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit when each unit responds to the target data request instruction, obtain the time taken by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data, obtain each data response time, and determine a third scheduling time based on the each data response time; obtain an energy scheduling period based on the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; and perform energy scheduling according to the energy scheduling period.

[0064] The present application also provides an energy scheduling method, which is applied to the energy management unit 10. Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a flow chart of the energy scheduling method provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, the method includes:

[0065] S101: Acquire target power information;

[0066] S102: Sending a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit based on the target power information, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first micro control unit; wherein the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first micro control unit is a first scheduling time; and the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is a second scheduling time;

[0067] S103: Sending a target data request instruction to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit, respectively, to obtain target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit when each unit responds to the target data request instruction, respectively obtaining the time taken by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data, obtaining respective data response times, and determining a third scheduling time based on the respective data response times;

[0068] S104: Obtaining an energy scheduling period according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time;

[0069] S105: Perform energy scheduling according to the energy scheduling cycle.

[0070] It should be noted that steps S101 to S105 are performed by the energy management unit 10 in the above-described embodiment. Their specific implementation can refer to the above-described embodiment of the energy storage system 100, which has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects. For technical details not fully described in the energy scheduling method embodiment, please refer to the energy storage system 100 provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0071] This application proposes a method for quantifying energy scheduling cycles based on multi-dimensional time parameter coupling. This method constructs a communication delay-power regulation rate collaborative model. The energy scheduling cycle (T = a + b + c) is determined based on the target power delivery delay (first scheduling time a: the time it takes for target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first microcontroller unit), the power regulation time (second scheduling time b: the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction), and the end-to-end delay (third scheduling time c: the time it takes for the EMS to issue a target data request instruction and for each unit to respond to the request instruction and return the target data). By quantifying the energy scheduling cycle instead of empirical settings, the drawback of an energy scheduling cycle that is too long or too short, caused by the empirical method's inability to cover the delay superposition effect of multiple communication paths, is avoided. This in turn avoids the risk of overcharging / discharging and improves system security.

[0072] In a further solution, an active data synchronization mechanism was designed. Instead of the traditional periodic data reporting by each unit, the EMS proactively requests data. Based on the response time of each unit (battery management unit, first microcontroller unit, and second microcontroller unit), the EMS rationally schedules the sending time of target data requests, synchronizing the target data fed back by each unit. This avoids continuous bandwidth usage and reduces channel congestion, while also providing accurate data for energy scheduling and improving system stability.

[0073] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by one or more processors, for example Figure 2 One of the processors 11 may enable the one or more processors 11 to execute the energy scheduling method in any of the above embodiments.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Based on the concept of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations in different aspects of the present application as described above. For the sake of simplicity, they are not provided in detail. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An energy scheduling method, the method being applied to an energy management unit, wherein the energy management unit is respectively connected to an energy storage inverter unit, a battery management unit, and a second micro control unit, and the energy storage inverter unit is also connected to a first micro control unit, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtain target power information; According to the target power information, a target power scheduling instruction is sent to the energy storage inverter unit, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first micro control unit; wherein the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first micro control unit is a first scheduling time; and the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is a second scheduling time; sending a target data request instruction to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit, respectively, to obtain target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit when each responds to the target data request instruction, respectively obtaining the time taken by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data, obtaining each data response time, and determining a third scheduling time based on each data response time; Obtaining an energy scheduling period according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; Energy scheduling is performed according to the energy scheduling cycle.

2. The energy scheduling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Obtaining the response time of each data includes: Obtaining a first response time according to a time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the battery management unit and a time required for the battery management unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction; obtaining a second response time based on a time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the first micro control unit and a time required for the first micro control unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction; A third response time is obtained according to the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the second micro control unit and the time required for the second micro control unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction.

3. The energy scheduling method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The determining the third scheduling time according to the response time of each data includes: The first response time, the second response time, and the third response time are sorted, a maximum value among the first response time, the second response time, and the third response time is determined, and the maximum value is recorded as the third scheduling time.

4. The energy scheduling method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Target data request is performed according to the response time of each data and the energy scheduling period.

5. The energy scheduling method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The performing target data request according to the data response time and the energy scheduling period includes: Obtaining a first request time according to the first response time and the energy scheduling period; Obtaining a second request time according to the second response time and the energy scheduling period; Obtaining a third request time according to the third response time and the energy scheduling period; The energy management unit sends a first target data request instruction to the battery management unit at the first request time to obtain the first target data returned by the battery management unit; The energy management unit sends a second target data request instruction to the first micro control unit at the second request time to obtain the second target data returned by the first micro control unit; The energy management unit sends a third target data request instruction to the second micro control unit at the third request time to obtain the third target data returned by the second micro control unit; The energy management unit obtains the first target data, the second target data, and the third target data at the same time; The energy management unit performs energy scheduling according to the first target data, the second target data and the third target data.

6. The energy scheduling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquiring target power information includes: Receive scheduling task instructions; Responding to the scheduling task instruction, acquiring historical operation data and current operation status data of the system; The target power information is obtained according to the historical operation data and the current operation status data of the system.

7. An energy management unit, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; as well as, a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to execute the energy scheduling method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor performs the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. An energy storage system, characterized in that: The system comprises: the energy management unit according to claim 7, an energy storage inverter unit, a battery management unit, a first micro control unit, and a second micro control unit, wherein the energy management unit is communicatively connected to the second micro control unit, the battery management unit, and the energy storage inverter unit, respectively, and the energy storage inverter unit is also communicatively connected to the first micro control unit; The energy management unit is specifically used for: Obtain target power information; According to the target power information, a target power scheduling instruction is sent to the energy storage inverter unit, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first micro control unit; wherein the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first micro control unit is a first scheduling time; and the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is a second scheduling time; sending a target data request instruction to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit, respectively, to obtain target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit when each responds to the target data request instruction, respectively obtaining the time taken by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data, obtaining each data response time, and determining a third scheduling time based on each data response time; Obtaining an energy scheduling period according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; Energy scheduling is performed according to the energy scheduling cycle.

10. The energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The energy management unit is further configured to: Target data request is performed according to the response time of each data and the energy scheduling period.

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