Information processing apparatus

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to an information processing apparatus. An information processing device according to an embodiment includes a processing unit. The processing unit determines a management value of wiring in the power distribution system, a first evaluation function for evaluating control of power for the plurality of power devices in the power distribution system from the perspective of economy, and a second evaluation function for evaluating control of power for the plurality of power devices from the perspective of fairness. A control amount of power for a plurality of power devices is calculated.

Description

[0001] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application 2023-206886 (filing date: December 7, 2023) and claims priority therefrom. This application incorporates the entire contents of that application by reference. Technical Field

[0002] Embodiments of the present invention relate to an information processing apparatus. Background Art

[0003] In recent years, for example, a power distribution system has been used in which a large number of variable distributed power sources with variable power generation outputs, such as solar power generation facilities, are interconnected with a power distribution network.

[0004] In such a power distribution system, management value deviations (management values of voltage, current, etc. deviate from a predetermined range) sometimes occur due to reverse power flow from the power generation equipment to the power distribution system side, making it difficult to perform stable power supply.

[0005] Therefore, in order to maintain stable power supply (i.e., power quality), a mechanism for appropriately controlling the power distribution system is required while avoiding management value deviations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an information processing apparatus capable of appropriately controlling a power distribution system.

[0007] The information processing apparatus according to the embodiment includes a processing unit that calculates a control amount of power for a plurality of power devices based on a management value of wiring in a power distribution system, a first evaluation function for evaluating the control of power for the plurality of power devices from an economic perspective, and a second evaluation function for evaluating the control of power for the plurality of power devices from a fairness perspective. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008] Figure 1 It is a diagram for explaining the outline of the power distribution system assumed in the first embodiment.

[0009] Figure 2 It is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a general power transmission and distribution operator system.

[0010] Figure 3 It is a diagram showing an example of the hardware structure of a voltage pre-control device.

[0011] Figure 4 It is a block diagram showing an example of the functional structure of a voltage pre-control device.

[0012] Figure 5It is a flowchart showing an example of the processing procedure of the voltage pre-control device.

[0013] Figure 6 It is a diagram for specifically explaining the processing of the power flow calculation unit.

[0014] Figure 7 It is a diagram showing an example of a power device that becomes an object of power control when only economy is considered.

[0015] Figure 8 It is a diagram showing an example of a power device that becomes an object of power control when only fairness is considered.

[0016] Figure 9 It is a diagram showing an example of a power device that becomes an object of power control when economy and fairness are considered.

[0017] Figure 10 It is a block diagram showing an example of the functional structure of the voltage pre-control device according to the second embodiment.

[0018] Figure 11 It is a diagram showing an example of the Pareto Front obtained by changing the weight coefficient and repeatedly performing multi-objective optimization in the third embodiment.

[0019] (Description of symbols)

[0020] 1: Distribution substation; 2: High-voltage line; 3: High-voltage bus; 4: Pole-mounted transformer on high-voltage bus; 5: Low-voltage line; 6: Low-voltage bus; 7a: Solar power generation; 7b: Wind power generation; 8a: Medium-scale factory; 8b: Small-scale factory; 8c: Residence; 9a, 9b: VPP operators; 10: General power transmission and distribution operator system; 11: Distribution system status monitoring device; 12: VPP operator management device; 13: Voltage pre-control device; 13a: CPU; 13b: Non-volatile memory; 13c: Main memory; 13d: Communication device; 131: Database; 131a: System parameters; 131b: Supply and demand plan; 131c: Resource information; 131d: Priority information; 132: Processing unit; 132a: Power flow calculation unit; 132b: First generation unit; 132c: Second generation unit; 132d: Optimization calculation unit; 132e: Convergence determination unit. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] Hereinafter, each embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] (First embodiment)

[0023] First, the first embodiment will be described. This embodiment relates to the following technology: regarding a series of systems from power generation to consumption (power generation, power transmission, power transformation, power distribution, consumption), particularly the power distribution system as a system part after power distribution, it can be applied to the system operation service (particularly voltage control) implemented by general power transmission and distribution operators.

[0024] The existing power distribution system is configured on the premise of one-way power supply from the upstream distribution substation to the downstream end user. However, recently, due to the large-scale interconnection (connection) of power generation equipment such as solar power generation and wind power generation to the power distribution system, reverse power flows from the power generation equipment to the power distribution system side have occurred, and the one-way principle is collapsing. Therefore, in the power distribution system, it is important to control the power devices connected to the bus in such a way that the management values (e.g., the voltage of the bus) at each part of the power distribution system do not deviate from the predetermined range (hereinafter referred to as the management range) due to reverse power flows or the like.

[0025] In the control of management values, it includes pre-control that predicts in advance the situation where the management value deviates from the management range and controls the management value in advance, and post-control that controls the management value after detecting the situation where the management value deviates from the management range. In this embodiment, pre-control of the management value is mainly envisaged.

[0026] Specifically, in this embodiment, by simultaneously optimizing two objectives, namely, the economic evaluation function and the fairness evaluation function generated based on the information of the power device to be controlled, pre-control of the management value in the power distribution system considering both economy and fairness is achieved.

[0027] In addition, in this embodiment, it is described that the management value (the physical quantity to be managed) is mainly voltage, but this management value can also be other physical quantities such as current.

[0028] First, refer to Figure 1 , and describe the outline of the power distribution system envisaged in this embodiment. Figure 1 A general power transmission and distribution operator system 10 and a power distribution system connecting the power devices from the distribution substation 1 to the end are shown.

[0029] The distribution substation 1 is connected to the power distribution system. The power distribution system includes a high-voltage line 2 (e.g., 6.6 kV), a high-voltage bus 3, a high-voltage pole-mounted transformer 4, a low-voltage line 5 (e.g., 10 V / 200 V), and a low-voltage bus 6. A bus is a line that receives power from a power transmission line (wiring) and distributes the power to one or more other power transmission lines, and includes various circuits for implementing functions related to the distributed power.

[0030] In addition, power generation equipment (power generation devices) such as solar power generation 7a and wind power generation 7b are interconnected or connected to the power distribution system, and the electric power generated in the power generation equipment is output (supplied) to the power distribution system. The power generation equipment is a variable-type distributed power source that varies due to weather (climate), etc. (i.e., has uncertainty in output variation). The power generation equipment is an example of a power device that generates (produces electric power) and discharges (outputs electric power). Regarding the power generation equipment, in addition to solar power generation 7a and wind power generation 7b, it can also be equipment for hydroelectric power generation, geothermal power generation, etc.

[0031] Moreover, demand-side equipment (demand-side devices) such as medium-scale factories 8a, small-scale factories 8b, and residences 8c are interconnected or connected to the power distribution system, and the electric power from the distribution substation 1 is branched via the power distribution system and supplied to the demand-side equipment. The demand-side equipment is an example of a power device that consumes electric power.

[0032] In addition, the structure of the above power distribution system is an example for explaining this embodiment. For example, a storage battery, etc. can also be interconnected or connected to the power distribution system. The storage battery is an example of a power device that discharges (outputs electric power). In addition, various phase-adjusting devices can also be interconnected or connected to the power distribution system.

[0033] A VPP (Virtual Power Plant) operator 9a creates electric power (positive watts) by integrating power generation equipment and managing or controlling resources. The VPP operator 9a sells the sent-out electric power through power trading to increase revenue. In power trading, it includes at least one of power market trading and bilateral trading.

[0034] A VPP operator 9b manages or controls the resources of demand-side equipment in response to a demand response request when power supply and demand are tight by signing a contract with the demand side, thereby creating negative watts. The VPP operator 9b sells the negative watts through power trading to increase revenue. The demand response request is issued by a power company, etc. when power supply and demand are tight. In addition, the VPP operator 9b can also discharge the storage battery in response to the demand response request, thereby creating positive watts and selling them through power trading to increase revenue.

[0035] In addition, Figure 1 The VPP operators 9a and 9b shown are equivalent to aggregators in the power distribution system.

[0036] The general power transmission and distribution operator system 10 indirectly controls the resources of power devices such as power generation equipment, demand equipment, and storage batteries by collaborating with VPP operators 9a and 9b. For example, VPP operators 9a and 9b sell positive and negative watts through power transactions by collaborating with the general power transmission and distribution operator system 10. In addition, there may be a situation where VPP operator 9b purchases power through a power transaction, charges the power into a storage battery, or consumes the power through demand equipment.

[0037] In addition, the general power transmission and distribution operator system 10 and power devices, etc. constitute the information processing system related to this embodiment.

[0038] Figure 2 An example of the structure of the general power transmission and distribution operator system 10 is shown. The general power transmission and distribution operator system 10 includes a distribution system status monitoring device 11, a VPP operator management device 12, and a voltage pre-control device 13.

[0039] The distribution system status monitoring device 11 includes a storage unit (not shown) that stores information such as parameters (system parameters) required for calculating the voltage and power flow status of one or more parts (wiring) in the distribution system. In this embodiment, the wiring for which the voltage and power flow status are calculated is, for example, a busbar that is the object of voltage management. The distribution system status monitoring device 11 reads out the system parameter information stored in the storage unit according to a request from the voltage pre-control device 13 and provides it to the voltage pre-control device 13.

[0040] The VPP operator management device 12 is communicably connected to VPP operators 9a and 9b by wire or wirelessly. The VPP operator management device 12 obtains from VPP operator 9a a power supply plan Sa including the power generation plan of the power generation equipment and the resource information Ra of the power generation equipment. The VPP operator management device 12 obtains from VPP operator 9b a power demand plan Sb including the power consumption plan of the demand equipment and the resource information Rb of the demand equipment. The supply and demand plans (supply plan Sa and demand plan Sb) are information required when calculating or predicting the voltage and power flow states of one or more wirings (busbars) in the distribution system. The resource information (resource information Ra and Rb) is information required when determining the control content of the power (active power and reactive power) for the power devices controllable in the distribution system. In addition, by controlling the active power and reactive power of power generation equipment, demand equipment, etc. (power devices) connected to the busbar, the voltage of the busbar can be adjusted (controlled). Also, for example, by adjusting the phase of the voltage and current input to or output from the power device, the active power and reactive power in the power device can be controlled. The VPP operator management device 12 provides the supply and demand plans (supply plan Sa and demand plan Sb) and the resource information (resource information Ra and Rb) to the voltage pre-control device 13.

[0041] The voltage pre-control device 13 (information processing device) calculates the control amount (control value) of the power for the power devices (power generation equipment, demand equipment, or batteries, etc.) connected to the busbar based on the system parameters, supply and demand plans, and resource information. The control amount calculated in the voltage pre-control device 13 in this way is output to VPP operators 9a and 9b via the VPP operator management device 12 and is used for the control of the power devices implemented by these VPP operators 9a and 9b. In other words, the voltage pre-control device 13 operates in such a way that in order to suppress the voltage (i.e., the management value) of the busbar to be managed in the distribution system within the management range (permissible range), it controls the power (active power and reactive power) of the power devices.

[0042] In addition, in this embodiment, it is assumed that Figure 1 all busbars including the high-voltage busbar 3 and the low-voltage busbar 6 shown in the figure are objects of voltage management, but the busbars that are objects of voltage management (i.e., controllable busbars) only need to be busbars connected to power generation equipment or demand equipment.

[0043] In Figure 2In the [description], the general power transmission and distribution operator system 10 is described as including a distribution system status monitoring device 11, a VPP operator management device 12, and a voltage pre-control device 13 that are each configured as separate devices. However, at least two of these devices 11 to 13 may be integrated. In other words, the general power transmission and distribution operator system 10 may be implemented as a single computer or by multiple computers.

[0044] Figure 3 An example of the hardware structure of the voltage pre-control device 13 according to this embodiment is shown. As Figure 3 shown, the voltage pre-control device 13 includes a CPU 13a, a non-volatile memory 13b, a main memory 13c, a communication device 13d, etc.

[0045] The CPU 13a is a hardware processor that controls the operation of each component within the voltage pre-control device 13. The CPU 13a may be composed of a single processor or multiple processors. The CPU 13a executes various programs loaded from the non-volatile memory 13b, which is a storage device, into the main memory 13c. Programs executed by the CPU 13a include an operating system (OS) and various application programs, etc.

[0046] The communication device 13d is a device configured to perform communication with an external device, for example, based on wired or wireless means.

[0047] In Figure 3 only the non-volatile memory 13b and the main memory 13c are shown, but the voltage pre-control device 13 may also include other storage devices such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) and an SSD (Solid State Drive). Moreover, the voltage pre-control device 13 may include an input device such as a keyboard and a mouse, a display device such as a display (i.e., a user interface that receives input from the user and outputs information to the user), etc.

[0048] Figure 4 A block diagram showing an example of the functional structure of the voltage pre-control device 13 is shown. As Figure 4 shown, the voltage pre-control device 13 includes a database 131 and a processing unit 132.

[0049] In addition, in this embodiment, the database 131 is implemented by Figure 3 the non-volatile memory 13b or other storage devices as shown.

[0050] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a part or all of the processing unit 132 is implemented by causing Figure 3The CPU 13a shown executes a predetermined program, which is implemented by software. This program can be downloaded to the voltage pre-control device 13 via a network or distributed by being stored in a storage medium.

[0051] Here, it has been described that a part or all of the processing unit 132 is implemented by software, but a part or all of the processing unit 132 can be implemented by hardware such as an IC (Integrated Circuit) or by a structure that combines software and hardware.

[0052] In the database 131, system parameters 131a, supply and demand plans 131b, resource information 131c, and priority information 131d are stored.

[0053] As described above, the system parameters 131a are provided from the distribution system state monitoring device 11 and include various parameters (such as impedance) of electrical equipment (power devices and wiring, etc.) in the distribution system. In addition, the system parameters 131a also include information defining the connection relationship between electrical equipment.

[0054] The supply and demand plan 131b corresponds to the supply plan Sa and demand plan Sb of the power device provided from the VPP operator management device 12 as described above. The supply and demand plan 131b includes the power generation plan value (predicted power generation amount) during the target period and the power consumption plan value (predicted consumption amount) during the target period.

[0055] The resource information 131c corresponds to the resource information Ra and Rb of the power device provided from the VPP operator management device 12 as described above. The resource information 131c at least includes the connection position of the controllable power device in the distribution system, the controllable amount (range) of power for the power device, and the controllable time (range) of power for the power device.

[0056] In addition, the capacity of power in the power device can also be included in the resource information 131c. Furthermore, regarding the capacity of power in the power device, for example, it is the power generation amount when the power device is a power generation equipment, and it is the stored power amount when the power device is a storage battery.

[0057] Moreover, in the resource information 131c, it may also include the minimum control amount regarded as controlling the power for the power device, information related to the start and stop of the power device, and the continuous operation time of the power device, etc. In addition, the information related to the start and stop of the power device includes at least one of the conditions related to the start and stop, the load generated on the power device or the operator of the power distribution system (hereinafter referred to as the system operator) due to the start and stop, and the time required for the start and stop.

[0058] In addition, regarding the power generated in the power generation equipment, the owner of the power generation equipment can consume it at home, and the resource information 131c may also include information related to such home consumption (such as home consumption amount, etc.). In addition, when the power device is a power generation equipment, the resource information 131c may also include conditions related to power generation such as power generation efficiency and power generation cost in the power generation equipment.

[0059] Moreover, in the resource information 131c, it may also include contract contents related to the sale of the power generated in the power generation equipment (i.e., power sales) and the purchase of the power consumed in the demand equipment (i.e., power purchase), contract contents related to the control of the power for the power device (such as power generation equipment and demand equipment, etc.). In addition, the contract contents related to power sales and power purchase include at least one of the contract contents related to power transactions such as power market transactions and bilateral transactions, and the charging methods applied in the power transactions. The contract contents related to the control of the power for the power device include at least one of the fees paid by the system operator or the integrator in the power distribution system as the cost of the control of the power, and the charging methods applied in the estimation of the fees.

[0060] In addition, in the resource information 131c, it may include the past control contents of the power for the power device, and may also include information such as the opportunity loss generated due to the control of the power for the power device. The past control contents of the power for the power device include at least one of the number of times of controlling the power for the power device in the past and the control amount of the power for the power device carried out in the past (cumulative value). In addition, it is assumed that the number of times of controlling the power for the power device in the past is the number of times counted according to the above minimum control amount.

[0061] Moreover, the resource information 131c includes resource information related to an integrator that integrates controllable power devices in the power distribution system. Such resource information is equivalent to the resource information of the power devices that have signed contracts with the integrator, and this resource information includes the contract content with the power devices, the contract content with the system operator (system operator), and the past control content of the power for the power devices, etc. The contract content with the power devices includes at least one of the fees paid to the power devices (owners) as the cost of controlling the power for the power devices and the charging method applied in the estimation of the fees. In addition, the contract content with the system operator includes the fees paid by the system operator as the cost of controlling the power for the power devices, etc.

[0062] In addition, in the resource information 131c, in addition to the above, it may also include the period for counting the number of times of controlling the power for the power devices in the past, the period for accumulating the control amount of the power for the power devices in the past, etc.

[0063] The priority information 131d is equivalent to information related to the priorities of economy (economic evaluation function) and fairness (fairness evaluation function). The priority information 131d includes, for example, at least one of the weight coefficients of the economic evaluation function and the fairness evaluation function (the weight coefficients of the two objectives of economy and fairness), the expected levels of the economic evaluation function and the fairness evaluation function, the allowable ranges of the economic evaluation function and the fairness evaluation function, and the number of power devices or the distribution range (area) that control the power in the power distribution system (i.e., the objects of control). In addition, in the priority information 131d, it may also include the evaluation values of the single-objective optimization of the economic evaluation function and the fairness evaluation function, etc.

[0064] In addition, it is assumed that the priority information 131d has been set in advance for the voltage pre-control device 13 (database 131).

[0065] The processing unit 132 includes a power flow calculation unit 132a, a first generation unit 132b, a second generation unit 132c, and an optimization calculation unit 132d.

[0066] The power flow calculation unit 132a performs power flow calculations in the power distribution system based on the system parameters 131a and the supply and demand plan 131b stored in the database 131, for example, calculates the management values of each bus to be managed, that is, the voltage, during the period to be the object.

[0067] In the present embodiment, the processing unit 132 operates as follows: when the voltage (management value) calculated by the power flow calculation unit 132a deviates from the management range, control of the power (active power and reactive power) of the power device is performed.

[0068] The first generation unit 132b generates an economic evaluation function based on the supply-demand plan 131b and the resource information 131c stored in the database 131. In addition, the economic evaluation function is a function for evaluating the control of the power of multiple power devices in the distribution system from the economic perspective (that is, a function indicating the degree of economy in the entire distribution system).

[0069] The second generation unit 132c generates a fairness evaluation function based on the supply-demand plan 131b and the resource information 131c stored in the database 131. In addition, the fairness evaluation function is a function for evaluating the control of the power of multiple power devices in the distribution system from the fairness perspective (that is, a function indicating the degree of fairness among the power devices in the distribution system).

[0070] The optimization calculation unit 132d generates an objective function based on the economic evaluation function generated by the first generation unit 132b, the fairness evaluation function generated by the second generation unit 132c, and the priority information stored in the database 131. The optimization calculation unit 132d calculates the control amount of the power of multiple controllable power devices in the distribution system according to the generated objective function. In addition, the control amount in the present embodiment can be a value expressed as a continuous value or a value expressed as a discrete value.

[0071] Hereinafter, with reference to Figure 5 the flowchart, an example of the processing procedure of the voltage pre-control device 13 according to the present embodiment will be described.

[0072] First, the power flow calculation unit 132a performs power flow calculation in the distribution system based on the system parameters 131a and the supply-demand plan 131b stored in the database 131 (step S1). Thereby, the power flow calculation unit 132a calculates the management value (voltage) of each bus of the management object during the target period. In addition, the power flow calculation unit 132a obtains the voltage sensitivity coefficient from the inverse matrix of the Jacobian matrix calculated during the power flow calculation.

[0073] In addition, it is assumed that the buses of the management object are all the buses including the high-voltage bus 3 and the low-voltage bus 6 as described above, but it can also be one or more buses specified in advance among the high-voltage bus 3 and the low-voltage bus 6.

[0074] Here, with reference to Figure 6 , it will be specifically described above Figure 5Processing of step S1 shown (i.e., processing of power flow calculation unit 132a).

[0075] The power flow calculation unit 132a reads the system parameters 131a from the database 131 (step S11).

[0076] In addition, the power flow calculation unit 132a reads the supply and demand plan 131b from the database 131 (step S12).

[0077] Next, the power flow calculation unit 132a sets the active power P j and the reactive power Q j of the terminal bus j connected to the power generation equipment and the demand equipment according to the supply and demand plan 131b read in step S12 (step S13).

[0078] In this case, the power flow calculation unit 132a determines the active power and reactive power of the power output from the power generation equipment during the target period according to the supply and demand plan 131b, and sets the determined active power and reactive power as the active power P j and the reactive power Q j of the bus j connected to the power generation equipment. In addition, the power flow calculation unit 132a determines the active power and reactive power of the power input to the demand equipment (consumed by the demand equipment) during the target period according to the supply and demand plan 131b, and sets the determined active power and reactive power as the active power P j and the reactive power Q j of the bus j connected to the demand equipment.

[0079] The above "setting the active power Pj and reactive power Qj of bus j" does not actually set the bus j in the distribution system to the active power P j and the reactive power Q j , but means that in terms of data processing, the active power and reactive power of bus j are handled as the active power P j and the reactive power Q j .

[0080] In addition, when it is necessary to set the active power and reactive power for other buses in order to calculate the power flow, the state estimation method or the like is appropriately used to estimate and set the values of the active power and reactive power of other buses.

[0081] Next, the power flow calculation unit 132a calculates a power flow equation (step S13) based on the system parameters 131a read in step S11, information (network diagram) defining the connection relationship between electrical devices included in the system parameters 131a, and the active power and reactive power set for bus bar j, etc. in step S13. In the calculation of the power flow equation, existing power flow calculation methods such as the DC method or the AC method can be applied. In addition, the power flow calculation in this embodiment is equivalent to the following: when the power generation output of the power generation device and the power consumption of the demand device in the distribution system are provided, the power flow flowing through the transmission lines in the distribution system, the voltage and phase at each part (wiring) such as the bus bar are calculated.

[0082] By calculating the power flow equation, the voltage V for the bus bar i to be managed is obtained i =V i (P, Q) (step S14). V i (P, Q) means that V i is a function of P and Q. That is, in the power flow calculation, P and Q are inputs, and V i is the output.

[0083] In addition, from the inverse matrix of the Jacobian matrix used when calculating the power flow equation, the voltage sensitivity coefficients dV i / dP j and dV i / dQ j are obtained (step S15).

[0084] Return to Figure 5 again, and the processing unit 132 determines whether the management values calculated by performing the processing of step S1 for each bus bar to be managed are included in the management range (permissible range) (that is, the management values do not deviate from the management range) (step S2). The management range is included in the system parameters 131a, for example, and is defined by a lower limit value and an upper limit value.

[0085] In this case, when the management value is less than the lower limit value or the management value is greater than the upper limit value, the processing unit 132 determines that the management value is not included in the management range (that is, it deviates from the management range). On the other hand, when the management value is greater than or equal to the lower limit value and less than or equal to the upper limit value, the processing unit 132 determines that the management value is included in the management range (that is, the management value does not deviate from the management range).

[0086] When it is determined that the management values of all bus bars are included in the management range (that is, there is no bus bar that deviates from the management range) ( "Yes" in step S2), the processing unit 132 regards it as not necessary to control the active power and reactive power of the power device to be controlled connected to the bus bar to be managed, and ends Figure 5The processing shown. In this case, the processing unit 132 may also perform processing such as displaying information indicating the end of processing on the display device.

[0087] On the other hand, when it is determined that the management value of at least one bus bar is not included in the management range (that is, there is a bus bar out of the management range) (No in step S2), the power flow calculation unit 132a provides (outputs) the calculated management value and the obtained voltage sensitivity coefficient to the optimization calculation unit 132d.

[0088] Next, the first generation unit 132b generates an economic evaluation function based on the supply and demand plan 131b and the resource information 131c stored in the database 131 (step S3).

[0089] There are various functions as the economic evaluation function. An example of this economic evaluation function will be described below.

[0090] When the control amounts of the active power and the reactive power for the power device connected to the bus bar j calculated based on the resource information 131c are respectively set as ΔP j and ΔQ j , and the cost coefficients related to the control amounts ΔP j and ΔQ j are set as wp j and wq j , as the economic evaluation function f cost , the following formula (1) can be generated.

[0091] [Mathematical formula 1]

[0092]

[0093] Formula (1) represents the cost related to the control of the power (active power and reactive power) of the power device connected to the bus bar j in the set J of the bus bars that are the management objects of the voltage. It can be said that the smaller the cost represented by formula (1), the more economical the control.

[0094] In addition, consider setting the economic evaluation function as a function of at least one of the cost required to evaluate the control of the power of the power device, the cost paid by the system operator to the owner or integrator of the power device as the price for the control of the power of the power device, the cost paid by the integrator to the owner of the power device as the price for the control of the power of the power device, and the opportunity loss (loss caused by output suppression, etc.) generated due to the control of the power of the power device.

[0095] In addition, the cost coefficients wp j and wqj etc., generate different economic evaluation functions according to time periods.

[0096] Moreover, when setting the cost coefficient for negative values of ΔP j as wp j - and setting the cost coefficient for positive values of ΔP j as wp j + in the case of, it is also possible to consider the loss related to output suppression and make the cost coefficient wp j - greater than the cost coefficient wp j + etc., generate different economic evaluation functions according to the positive or negative of ΔP j and generate different economic evaluation functions according to the positive or negative of ΔP.

[0097] In addition, when the power device is a power generation device, it is possible to consider the profit related to power sales and make the cost coefficient become wp j - >wp j + When the power device is a demand device, consider the loss related to power purchase and make the cost coefficient become wp j - <wp j + etc., generate different economic evaluation functions according to the type of power device.

[0098] Moreover, it is also possible to set thresholds for, for example, the number of control times per month on average and the total control amount (cumulative value of the control amount), pay a certain cost in the case of control not exceeding the threshold, and pay an additional cost corresponding to the excess in the case of control exceeding the threshold, etc., and generate different economic evaluation functions according to the number of control times and the total control amount. In this case, it is also possible to become non-zero only when the number of control times and the total control amount exceed the threshold, etc., and generate different economic evaluation functions according to whether the control content is within the set range or outside the range.

[0099] That is, in this embodiment, it is also possible to generate an economic evaluation function according to the control (content) of power for the power device, etc.

[0100] In addition, it is also possible to generate different economic evaluation functions according to the charging methods applied to power sales or power purchase, such as charging by quantity or fixed charging.

[0101] Moreover, it is also possible to become non-zero only when the control amount exceeds the threshold in the case of reactive power, etc., and generate different economic evaluation functions according to active power and reactive power.

[0102] In addition, evaluation functions with different definitions (i.e., multiple functions related to the control of power for power devices) can be generated for each power device, and an economic evaluation function composed of the sum of these different evaluation functions can be generated (i.e., an economic evaluation function with the sum of these different evaluation functions as the cost).

[0103] Next, the second generation unit 132c generates a fairness evaluation function based on the supply-demand plan 131b and the resource information 131c stored in the database 131 (step S4).

[0104] There are various functions as the fairness evaluation function, and an example of this fairness evaluation function will be described below.

[0105] First, in order to generate the fairness evaluation function, the second generation unit 132c generates a utility function for each power device. The utility function is a function that evaluates the control content of the power for each power device (representing the evaluation of the control in the power device). By comparing the values of the utility functions generated based on the supply-demand plan 131b and the resource information 131c of each power device among these power devices, the fairness between power devices with different types and operating-related conditions can be appropriately evaluated.

[0106] In this case, as the utility function, x calculated based on the control content of the power for the power device connected to bus j, the supply-demand plan 131b, and the resource information 131c is used j , and a calculated based on the supply-demand plan 131b and the resource information 131c j are used to generate the utility function u shown in the following formula (2) j .

[0107] [Mathematical formula 2]

[0108]

[0109] The purpose of formula (2) is to transform x j into a value that can be appropriately compared with the control content of the power for other power devices with different types and operating-related conditions. The utility function u j can also be a function that takes the minimum value among multiple formulas (2) defined for different x j . That is, the utility function u j can also be generated by combining multiple formulas (2) based on different definitions.

[0110] In this embodiment, x j is set to the absolute values |ΔP j | and |ΔQ j | of the control amounts of active power and reactive power, and aj Let P be the maximum value (controllable amount) that the control amounts of active power and reactive power, which are calculated based on the supply / demand plan 131b and the resource information 131c, respectively, can take M，j and Q M，j , and generate a utility function u shown in the following equation (3) that is composed of the sum of functions defined by them j .

[0111] [Mathematical formula 3]

[0112]

[0113] Equation (3) corresponds to a utility function obtained by normalizing the absolute value of the control amount of the power of the power device connected to bus j using the controllable amount, and represents the ratio of the control amount to the controllable amount

[0114] Based on such a utility function u j , in the case of a power device with a large controllable amount, that is, a power device that coordinates with the control in the distribution system, the value of equation (3) becomes relatively small, so it is possible to appropriately compare the control amounts between power devices with different capacities, generation planned values, and consumption planned values

[0115] In addition, the utility function u of equation (3) j is expressed as the sum of two terms, but the utility function u j can also be a function that adopts the larger and smaller values of the two terms. That is, the utility function u can also be generated based on each function related to the control of active power and reactive power j .

[0116] Hereinafter, other examples of the utility function will be described. Let the planned value of the output amount from the power device connected to bus j to the distribution system, which is calculated based on the supply / demand plan 131b and the resource information 131c, be P O，j , and use the planned value P O，j and the control amount ΔP j , and set the output amount to the distribution system as P O，j +ΔP j . In this case, the planned value P of the output amount O，j and the output amount P O，j +ΔP j can be used to generate the utility function u shown in equation (4) j .

[0117] [Mathematical formula 4]

[0118]

[0119] In addition, equation (4) is a function as follows: Let x in equation (2)j Set as the output P O，j +ΔP j , set a j as the planned value P of the output O，j , representing the absolute value of this formula (2).

[0120] However, considering that in the power generation equipment owned by the producer, the output to the power distribution system is smaller than the actual output of the power generation equipment by the amount corresponding to self-consumption, the output value of the power device (power generation equipment) and the output value to the power distribution system may be different.

[0121] Considering this point, formula (4) is equivalent to a utility function obtained by normalizing the change in the output to the power distribution system from the planned value (i.e., the control amount ΔP j ) using the planned value of this output, representing the ratio of the change in the output to the power distribution system from the planned value.

[0122] According to such a utility function u j , in the case of a power generation device where self-consumption is large and it is difficult to cooperate with the control in the power distribution system (i.e., the change amount is large), the value of formula (4) becomes relatively high, and in the case of a power device where the output to the power distribution system is large and the impact on the power distribution system is large, the value of formula (4) becomes relatively low. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately compare the control amounts of active power between power devices with different capacities, generation planned values, and consumption planned values.

[0123] In addition, x j can also be set as the change amount of the profit and loss of the owner of the power device related to the control, and a j is set as the planned value of this loss, and a utility function u j defined by such x j and a j is generated. Such a utility function u j represents the ratio of the change in profit and loss related to the control of power for the power device. Here, the planned value of profit and loss is related to expenses such as power generation, power sales, and power purchases, and the change amount of profit and loss related to the control of power for the power device is based on expenses related to this control, expenses paid by the system operator and integrator as the cost of this control, and changes in profit and loss caused by opportunity losses due to this control. The change in profit and loss related to the control of power for the power device may be caused by various factors such as the use and utilization status of the power device, the content of contracts related to power sales and purchases, and the content of contracts related to this control. However, using such a utility function u j , it is possible to appropriately compare the changes in profit and loss related to the control between these different power devices.

[0124] Moreover, the time, number of times, or duration of control of the power device up to the present within a certain period, etc., can be set as x j , set a j as a constant, and generate a utility function u j defined by such x j and a j . In this case, a based on the load of the power device or system operator related to the start and stop of the power device, the time required for the start and stop of the power device, the continuous operation time of the power device, the controlled time period, etc. can also be used j . In addition, the weighting based on them can be applied to the time, number of times, or duration of control of the power device within a certain period, etc. According to such a utility function u j , instead of the control amount of power for the above-mentioned power device and the physical quantity subordinate to the control amount, the power device can be evaluated and compared according to the load related to the control

[0125] In addition, x j can be set as the change amount of the voltage related to the control in bus bar j, set a j as a constant, and generate a utility function u j defined by such x j and a j . Since voltage fluctuations affect the connected machines, according to such a utility function u j , the power device can be evaluated and compared according to the load of the connected machines

[0126] Moreover, the utility function generated for the power device has been described here, but in order to appropriately evaluate the fairness among integrators, a utility function can also be generated (defined) for the integrators. The utility function generated for the integrators can also be a function based on the control amount of power (the control amount of the integrator), control time, or statistic of the physical quantity subordinate to the control amount or the control time (the sum or average value, etc. of the physical quantity) for multiple power devices contracted with the integrator

[0127] In addition, a function other than the utility function described here can also be generated, and the definition of the utility function can also be different according to the power device or integrator

[0128] Next, the second generation unit 132c generates a fairness evaluation function according to the above utility function. The fairness evaluation function is a function that evaluates the degree of equality of the utility functions between power devices (i.e., the deviation of power control between power devices)

[0129] In the present embodiment, for example, when generating the utility function u shown in the above formula (3), the utility function u is used j to generate the fairness evaluation function f shown in the following formula (5). j fair .

[0130] [Mathematical formula 5]

[0131]

[0132] Formula (5) represents the maximum value among the values of the utility function u generated for the power devices connected to the bus bar j in the set J of bus bars that are the objects of voltage management. In this case, among the power devices connected to the bus bar j, the utility function u j takes values from 0 to f j . Therefore, it can be said that the smaller the value of this f fair , the more average and fair the control of the value of the utility function u fair . j

[0133] In addition, in the power devices where the value of the utility function u j is f fair or less, even if the control amount is increased or decreased in such a way that the value of the utility function u j converges within the range from 0 to f fair , the value of the fairness evaluation function does not change. Therefore, when minimizing the value of the economic evaluation function together with such a fairness evaluation function, the control that is unnecessary for eliminating the deviation of the management value (voltage deviation) is suppressed. In addition, suppressing the control that is unnecessary for eliminating the deviation of the management value is equivalent to only controlling the power devices required to eliminate the deviation of the management value, so the economy is improved, but on the other hand, it becomes a factor for reducing fairness.

[0134] Hereinafter, other examples of the fairness evaluation function will be described. The fairness evaluation function f shown in the following formula (6) fair represents the value obtained by multiplying -1 by the minimum value among the values of the utility function u generated for the power devices connected to the bus bar j in the set J of bus bars that are the objects of voltage management (i.e., the ratio of the control amount to the controllable amount). j

[0135] [Mathematical formula 6]

[0136]

[0137] In this case, the power devices connected to the bus bar j take values from -f fair to the utility function u j ​The upper limit value. The utility function u is determined according to conditions for preventing deviation from controllable quantities, management values, etc. j The upper limit. Therefore, it can be said that f fair The smaller, the more evenly distributed and fair the value of the utility function u j Value.

[0138] In addition, different from the above formula (5), in the case of formula (6), even for a power device that does not require elimination of management value deviation, control is performed (i.e., the control quantity becomes non-zero), so the fairness evaluation function becomes smaller, and it is possible to perform control that is not required for eliminating management value deviation. In addition, performing control that is not required for eliminating management value deviation improves fairness, but on the other hand, it becomes a factor for reducing economy.

[0139] Moreover, the fairness evaluation function f shown in the following formula (7) fair Represents the maximum value among the differences in the values of the utility functions u j And u k Generated for the power devices connected to buses j and k respectively (the differences in the values of the utility functions in all combinations of power devices).

[0140] [Mathematical formula 7]

[0141]

[0142] Even in the case of such formula (7), it can be said that the smaller f fair The more evenly distributed and fair the value of the utility function.

[0143] In addition, different from the above formula (5), in the case of formula (7), even for a power device that does not require elimination of management value deviation, control is performed, so the fairness evaluation function becomes smaller, and it is possible to perform control that is not required for eliminating management value deviation.

[0144] In the present embodiment, as in the above formulas (5) to (7), a fairness evaluation function based on statistics (maximum value, minimum value, or maximum value of differences, etc.) of multiple utility functions u j Can be generated.

[0145] After performing the process of step S4, the optimization calculation unit 132d executes according to the economic evaluation function generated in step S3, the fairness evaluation function generated in step S4, the system parameters 131a, resource information 131c, and priority information 131d stored in the database 131, the Figure 6 Management value, i.e., voltage, obtained in step S15 shown (i.e., the management value calculated by the power flow calculation unit 132a), and in this Figure 6Processing (step S5) that simultaneously optimizes (i.e., performs multi-objective optimization) the two objectives of economy and fairness using the voltage sensitivity coefficient obtained in step S16 shown above. Further, by executing the processing of step S5, control amounts of active power and reactive power for the power device to be controlled are calculated (obtained) in the power distribution system as a solution to the multi-objective optimization.

[0146] Hereinafter, the processing of step S5 will be described. First, the optimization calculation unit 132d generates an objective function for multi-objective optimization based on the priority information 131d. In the present embodiment, using the weight coefficient C for the two objectives of economy and fairness based on the priority information 131d, an objective function (i.e., a linear function) scalarized by the linear weighted sum method shown in the following equation (8) is generated.

[0147] [Mathematical formula 8]

[0148] min(Cf fair +(1 - C)f cost ) Equation (8)

[0149] The weight coefficient C in Equation (8) represents the priority of fairness with respect to economy reflecting user preferences, etc., and can be calculated based on the priority information or preset in the priority information.

[0150] Equation (8) is equivalent to an objective function for calculating (determining) control amounts of active power and reactive power for the power device such that the value obtained by adding the value of the economy evaluation function based on such a weight coefficient C and the value of the fairness evaluation function is as small as possible.

[0151] In addition, Equation (8) cannot obtain the non-convex part of the Pareto solution set. Further, even when the Pareto solution set forms a convex polyhedron, when using the general simplex method as a linear optimization method, Equation (8) only obtains the extreme point solutions of the convex polyhedron. Additionally, the Pareto solutions obtained for the values of the weight coefficient depend on the shape of the Pareto front, and the values of the weight coefficient and the obtained solutions do not form a monotonic relationship.

[0152] In addition, in the present embodiment, when generating the objective function, the values of the economy evaluation function and the fairness evaluation function (f cost and f fair ) can also be subjected to normalization processing such as dividing by the maximum value that the function can take, for example.

[0153] Hereinafter, other examples of the objective function will be described. Equation (9) represents an objective function scalarized by the Chebyshev norm method using the weight coefficient C for the two objectives of economy and fairness.

[0154] [Equation 9]

[0155]

[0156] In Equation (9), ρ is a small constant, and even if the second term of Equation (9) is omitted, there is no problem in practical applications (that is, ρ can also be set to 0). In addition, f in Equation (9) * cost and f * fair are the evaluation values of single-objective optimization for economy and fairness respectively.

[0157] Equation (9) is equivalent to an objective function for calculating (determining) the control amounts of active power and reactive power of an electric power device such that the values of the economy evaluation function and the fairness evaluation function both approach the evaluation values of single-objective optimization according to the above priorities.

[0158] In addition, different from the above Equation (8), Equation (9) satisfies the necessary and sufficient conditions for Pareto optimality, so a non-convex part of the Pareto solution set can be obtained. Moreover, according to Equation (9), when the Pareto solution set forms a convex polyhedron, the solution on the edge (or face) of the convex polyhedron can also be obtained using the simplex method.

[0159] However, generally there are an infinite number of Pareto solutions. Therefore, when it is known that the Pareto solution set forms a convex polyhedron, by adopting Equation (8) that can only obtain the endpoints of the convex polyhedron, it is expected to grasp the shape of the Pareto front through fewer attempts.

[0160] Moreover, Equation (10) represents an objective function that is scalarized using the desired levels (desired values) f cost and fairness evaluation function f fair of the economy evaluation function included in the priority information, i.e., f° cost and f° fair .

[0161] [Equation 10]

[0162]

[0163] In Equation (10), ρ is a small constant, and even if the second term of Equation (10) is omitted, there is no problem in practical applications (that is, ρ can also be set to 0). In addition, the weight coefficient C in Equation (10) cost is 1 / (f * cost - f° cost ), and the weight coefficient C fair is 1 / (f * fair - f°fair )。

[0164] Equation (10) is equivalent to an objective function for calculating the control amounts of the active power and the reactive power of the power device such that the values of both the economic evaluation function and the fairness evaluation function approach the desired levels according to the above priorities.

[0165] In addition, similar to the above Equation (9), Equation (10) satisfies the necessary and sufficient conditions for Pareto optimality, so that the non-convex part of the Pareto solution set can be obtained.

[0166] In the present embodiment, the multi-objective optimization using the economic evaluation function and the fairness evaluation function indicating the degree of fairness between power devices has been described, but the present embodiment may also be, for example, a structure for performing multi-objective optimization using the economic evaluation function and the fairness evaluation function indicating the degree of fairness between integrators. In other words, the fairness evaluation function in the present embodiment may also be a function for evaluating the deviation of the control of the power between integrators in the distribution system.

[0167] Moreover, the present embodiment may also be a structure for performing three-objective optimization using the economic evaluation function, the fairness evaluation function indicating the degree of fairness between power devices, and the fairness evaluation function indicating the degree of fairness between integrators. In this case, it is also possible to perform scalarization on the objective function obtained by scalarizing the evaluation function indicating the degree of fairness between power devices and the evaluation function indicating the degree of fairness between integrators using the weighted sum method and the economic evaluation function using the Chebyshev norm method, etc., and combine the definitions of multiple objective functions to generate an objective function for three-objective optimization.

[0168] In addition, in the present embodiment, it has been described that the objective function is generated based on the priority information. The objective function may be generated based on at least a part of the priority information, or may be generated based on the priority information and information other than the priority information.

[0169] In the case where the objective function for multi-objective optimization is generated as described above, the optimization calculation unit 132d generates constraints (constraint equations) applied to the objective function based on the resource information 131c and the voltage sensitivity coefficient. There are various conditions as constraints, and in the present embodiment, the first and second constraints (i.e., two types of constraints) are exemplified.

[0170] First, the first constraint includes a voltage sensitivity approximation formula indicating the voltage sensitivity of the busbars for the active power and the reactive power of the controllable power devices in the distribution system. When the voltage sensitivity of the busbar i of the management object is set to ΔV iWhen it is, the voltage sensitivity approximation formula used as the first constraint condition is shown in the following formula (11).

[0171] [Mathematical formula 11]

[0172]

[0173] In formula (11), J is the set of buses to which controllable power devices in the power distribution system are connected. ΔP j and ΔQ j are variables representing the control amounts of active power and reactive power for the power devices connected to bus j in the set of buses J.

[0174] dV i / dP j is the coefficient (voltage sensitivity coefficient) used to represent the voltage sensitivity ΔV j of bus i with respect to the active power P i of the power device connected to bus j. dV i / dQ j is the coefficient (voltage sensitivity coefficient) used to represent the voltage sensitivity ΔV j of bus i with respect to the reactive power Q i of the power device connected to bus j. Generally speaking, the closer bus i and j are, the larger such voltage sensitivity coefficients are. Therefore, if the power device connected to bus j closer to bus i deviating from the management value is controlled, the deviation from the management value can be eliminated with less control amount.

[0175] Next, the second constraint condition includes the following formula (12) indicating that the voltage as the management value is included in the management range given by the upper and lower limits.

[0176] [Mathematical formula 12]

[0177] V L ≤V i +ΔV i ≤V U Formula (12)

[0178] In formula (12), V i +ΔV i represents the voltage as the management value, V L represents the lower limit value in the management range, and V U represents the upper limit value in the management range.

[0179] The first and second constraints are described herein. As other constraints, various conditions such as a constraint like prohibiting reverse power flow and a constraint like the control amount being within the range of the controllable amount are considered. In addition, the constraint condition in the present embodiment may be one of the various constraint conditions considered, or may be a condition formed by combining multiple constraint conditions.

[0180] Next, the optimization calculation unit 132d calculates the control amounts (ΔP j and ΔQ j values) of the active power and reactive power for the power devices controllable in the power distribution system, for example, based on the objective function such as the above formula (8) and the constraint conditions such as formulas (11) and (12). Thereby, within the range of the constraint conditions, the solution of multi-objective optimization (that is, ΔP j and ΔQ j ) is derived from the objective function. In addition, for example, when one weight coefficient C is applied to the objective function such as formula (8), one solution of multi-objective optimization is obtained. Further, the solution of multi-objective optimization derived from the objective function in this way includes the control amounts of the active power and reactive power for multiple power devices for avoiding the voltage of the buses to be managed in the power distribution system from deviating from the management range.

[0181] As the solution method of multi-objective optimization in the present embodiment, a mathematical programming solver such as Gurobi Optimizer or CPLEX may be used, or a metaheuristic solution method such as a gradient method, simulated annealing, or genetic algorithm may be used.

[0182] In addition, the objective function and constraint conditions described in the present embodiment are examples, and different objective functions and constraint conditions from the objective function and constraint conditions may be used to calculate the solution of multi-objective optimization (that is, the control amounts of the active power and reactive power for the power devices controllable in the power distribution system).

[0183] The control amounts ΔP j and ΔQ j calculated by performing the process of step S5 above (that is, the solution derived from the objective function within the range of the constraint conditions) are output to the VPP operator management device 12 via the VPP operator management device 12 for controlling the active power and reactive power of the power devices (power generation equipment, demand equipment, storage batteries, etc.).

[0184] As described above, the voltage pre-control device 13 (information processing device) according to the present embodiment calculates (determines) the control amount (control value) of the power for the plurality of power devices based on the management value (e.g., voltage) of the bus (wiring) in the power distribution system, the economic evaluation function (first evaluation function) for evaluating the economy of the control of the power for the plurality of power devices in the power distribution system from the economic perspective, and the fairness evaluation function (second evaluation function) for evaluating the fairness of the control of the power for the plurality of power devices from the fairness perspective.

[0185] Here, for example, in the control considering only economy, there is a tendency to control only the power devices around the part where the management value deviates, and the burden is concentrated on specific power devices. Figure 7 An example of the range of the power devices (to be) controlled for power in the case of considering only economy is shown. In Figure 7 the example shown, it is shown that the power device to be controlled for power is only the residence 8c (i.e., a part of the power devices connected near the end close to the part where the management value deviates). According to Figure 7 the example shown, since the number of power devices to be controlled for power is small, the economy is high, but there is a bias in the power devices to be controlled for power, and the fairness is low.

[0186] On the other hand, for example, in the control considering only fairness, the power devices located away from the part where the management value deviates are also controlled as well as the power devices around the part where the management value deviates. However, the control of the power for the power devices located away from the part where the management value deviates (i.e., the change in the amount of power) has a small impact on the deviation of the management value. Therefore, the control amount required to eliminate the deviation of the management value increases, resulting in an increase in the operating cost. Figure 8 An example of the range of the power devices (to be) controlled for power in the case of considering only fairness is shown. In Figure 8 the example shown, it is shown that the power devices to be controlled for power are the solar power generation 7a, the wind power generation 7b, the medium-scale factory 8a, the small-scale factory 8b, and the residence 8c (i.e., all the power devices in the power distribution system). According to Figure 8 the example shown, since the number of power devices to be controlled for power is large, the fairness is high, but the control of the power for a large number of power devices is required, and the economy is low.

[0187] In contrast, in the present embodiment, based on an economic evaluation function, a fairness evaluation function, and priority information generated according to the supply-demand plan and resource information of the power device to be controlled, the control amount of the power for the controllable power device connected to the distribution system is calculated. That is, in the present embodiment, by simultaneously optimizing the two objectives of economy and fairness, fairness among different power devices such as conditions related to type and operation, usage, utilization status, and contract content with system operators is appropriately considered simultaneously with economy.

[0188] Figure 9 An example of the range of power devices (for which power control is considered in the case of considering economy and fairness) is shown. In Figure 9 the example shown, the power devices for which power control is the object are the medium-scale factory 8a, the small-scale factory 8b, and the residence 8c. According to Figure 9 the example shown, the number of power devices for which power control is the object is larger than Figure 7 in the case of (i.e., a wide range of power devices are controlled), whereby fairness is improved, and the number of power devices for which power control is the object is smaller than Figure 8 in the case of (i.e., a narrow range of power devices are controlled), whereby economy is improved.

[0189] In this way, in the present embodiment, it is possible to realize the control of the distribution system that appropriately considers both economy and fairness while avoiding deviation of management values.

[0190] In addition, in the present embodiment, it is also possible to perform more appropriate control of the distribution system by reflecting the desired levels, preferences, and other preferences of users (such as users of the general power transmission and distribution operator system 10) for economy and fairness as described above.

[0191] In the present embodiment, it has been described that the control amounts of the active power and the reactive power for the power device in the distribution system are calculated, but the present embodiment may also be configured to control only one of the active power and the reactive power (i.e., calculate at least one of the control amounts of the active power and the reactive power).

[0192] (Second Embodiment)

[0193] Next, the second embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, by adopting iterative calculation based on convergence determination, the model error of the voltage sensitivity approximation formula is reduced to calculate more accurate control amounts of the active power and the reactive power, which is different from the first embodiment described above. In the present embodiment, the description of the parts that are the same as those in the first embodiment described above is omitted, and mainly the parts different from the first embodiment will be described.

[0194] Figure 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the functional structure of the voltage pre-control device 13 according to the present embodiment. In Figure 10 , the same parts as those described above Figure 4 are assigned the same reference signs, and their detailed descriptions are omitted.

[0195] As Figure 10 shown, the processing unit 132 includes a convergence determination unit 132e. Assume that the power flow calculation unit 132a controls the active power and reactive power of the power device connected to the bus bar j of the control object according to the control amounts (i.e., the control amounts obtained as the solutions of the multi-objective optimization) ΔP j and ΔQ j calculated by the optimization calculation unit 132d. The power flow calculation unit 132a performs a power flow calculation again to calculate the voltage V of the bus bar i to be managed i . The convergence determination unit 132e calculates the error (modeling error) of the optimization calculation based on the calculated voltage V of the bus bar i i and the above control amounts ΔP j and ΔQ j obtained as the solutions of the multi-objective optimization. The convergence determination unit 132e determines whether the optimization calculation converges, that is, whether the modeling error converges, based on the modeling error.

[0196] In addition, in the present embodiment, for example, after the step S5 shown above Figure 5 , the convergence determination unit 132e performs a convergence determination. When it is determined in this convergence determination that the modeling error converges, the voltage pre-control device 13 outputs the control amount calculated by the optimization calculation unit 132d to the VPP operator management device 12.

[0197] On the other hand, when it is determined in the above convergence determination of the convergence determination unit 132e that the modeling error does not converge, for example, the processes of steps S1 and S5 shown in Figure 5 are repeatedly performed.

[0198] That is, the voltage pre-control device 13 according to the present embodiment operates in such a manner that the power flow calculation, the acquisition of the voltage sensitivity coefficient, and the multi-objective optimization are repeatedly performed until the modeling error converges.

[0199] Specifically, in the repeated process of step S1 (power flow calculation), the power flow calculation unit 132a uses ΔP obtained in the process of step S5 (multi-objective optimization) before the process of step S1 j and ΔQ j to set the active power and reactive power of the bus bar j of the control object to P j +ΔPj and Q j +ΔQ j for power flow calculation in the case of. Thus, for the bus i to be managed, the voltage V i = V i (P + ΔP, Q + ΔQ).

[0200] ΔP is the difference from the previous P in bus i, and ΔQ is the difference from the previous Q in bus i. The previous P is the P obtained in the previous step S1 under V i or P + ΔP. The previous Q is the Q obtained in the previous step S1 under V i or Q + ΔQ.

[0201] In this case, the convergence determination unit 132e performs convergence determination by the following equation (13).

[0202] [Equation 13]

[0203]

[0204] Vi(P, Q) in Equation (13) is the previous V i (the V obtained in the previous step S1 i ). In addition, ε on the right side of the upper equation of Equation (13) is the threshold of the convergence condition. By using the linear approximation of the voltage sensitivity ΔV i by the linear equation of the control quantity, the voltage sensitivity approximation equation (Equation (11)), the control quantities ΔP j and ΔQ j obtained in the multi-objective optimization are calculated, so there is a modeling error. The left side of the upper equation of Equation (13) represents this modeling error. If the left side is less than or equal to ε, it can be determined that the modeling error converges. If the left side is not less than or equal to ε, it can be determined that the modeling error has not converged. Such convergence determination is performed for all buses i to be managed.

[0205] In the case where it is determined that the convergence condition is not satisfied for at least one bus i by performing the above convergence determination, the above power flow calculation, acquisition of the voltage sensitivity coefficient, and repeated processing of multi-objective optimization are performed.

[0206] On the other hand, in the case where it is determined that the convergence condition is satisfied for all buses i to be managed, for each active power and reactive power, the sum of the multiple control quantities calculated by the previous multi-objective optimization is finally determined as the control quantities ΔP j and ΔQ j for the bus j to be controlled.

[0207] As described above, in the present embodiment, a structure is provided that outputs a control amount (control amounts for the active power and reactive power of the power device) with less error when the error convergence of the optimal calculation is achieved, so that more accurate control of the power distribution system can be realized.

[0208] (Third Embodiment)

[0209] Next, the third embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, a plurality of control amounts (i.e., candidates for the control amount) with different priorities for economy and fairness are calculated, which is different from the first and second embodiments described above.

[0210] In addition, the functional structure of the voltage pre-control device 13 according to the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, so a detailed description thereof is omitted here.

[0211] Hereinafter, an example of the processing procedure of the voltage pre-control device 13 (processing unit 132) according to the present embodiment will be described using the above Figure 5 to illustrate.

[0212] In the present embodiment, after the processing unit 132 executes the processing of steps S1 to S4, the processing of step S5 is repeatedly performed. In this case, the processing unit 132 operates as follows: a plurality of objective functions (and constraint conditions) are generated based on different priority information, and solutions derived from the plurality of objective functions are obtained as candidates for the control amount of the power of the power device.

[0213] Hereinafter, the operation of the processing unit 132 in the case where the processing of step S5 is repeatedly executed will be described. In addition, the economic evaluation function, fairness evaluation function, objective function, and constraint conditions described in the present embodiment are assumed to be the same as those in the first embodiment described above.

[0214] First, for example, in Equation (8), the weight coefficient C for the two objectives of economy and fairness takes a value of 0 or more and 1 or less. When C = 0, it corresponds to single-objective optimization of only economy, and when C = 1, it corresponds to single-objective optimization of only fairness. In the present embodiment, the processing of step S5 is repeatedly performed for a plurality of different weight coefficients C. The plurality of weight coefficients C can be preset in the priority information, calculated separately according to the priority information, or obtained by performing binary search or the like.

[0215] Here, when the control amount of the power of the controllable power device in the power distribution system takes continuous values, the objective function and the constraint conditions generated in step S5 become a linear programming problem, so the Pareto solution set forms a convex polyhedron. Therefore, after performing the process of step S5, the extreme point solutions of the Pareto solution set are obtained, and by repeatedly performing such a process, the shape of the Pareto front composed of multiple extreme point solutions can be grasped.

[0216] In addition, Figure 11 An example of the Pareto front obtained by changing the weight coefficient C and repeatedly performing the process of step S5 (multi-objective optimization) is shown. Figure 11 The vertical axis of shows the value of the economic evaluation function, and the horizontal axis shows the value of the fairness evaluation function.

[0217] In Figure 11 the extreme point solutions obtained for each weight coefficient C are shown, but the Figure 11 right-lower and upper-left extreme point solutions 201 and 202 shown respectively correspond to the solutions of the single-objective optimization that only considers economy and fairness with the weight coefficient C set to 0 and 1. According to Figure 11 this, it can be seen that there is a trade-off relationship between economy and fairness.

[0218] In addition, in Figure 11 each of the extreme point solutions shown, the number of power devices to be controlled (the control amount becomes non-zero) is different. As C changes in a way that approaches 1 from 0 (that is, the priority of fairness is increased), the number of power devices to be controlled increases (fairness becomes higher).

[0219] When adopting the objective function shown in the above formula (8), the extreme point solutions shown in Figure 11 can be obtained. However, for example, when adopting the objective function shown in formula (9) described in the above first embodiment, a solution corresponding to a point (that is, a point on the edge of the polyhedron) 203 between the two extreme point solutions shown in Figure 11 can also be obtained. In addition, through the solution corresponding to such a point on the edge, the same number of power devices as the upper-left extreme point solution of the edge is controlled.

[0220] In the case of repeatedly performing the process of step S5 for different weight coefficients C as described above, multiple control amounts (ΔP j and ΔQ j ) of the power of the power device can be obtained, and each control amount is used as a candidate for the control amount used in the control of the power of the power device.

[0221] In this embodiment, one control quantity is selected (determined) from among the candidates of the plurality of control quantities thus obtained, and the selected control quantity is output from the voltage pre-control device 13 to the VPP operator management device 12.

[0222] In addition, for example, the selection of the control quantity may be automatically performed according to the priority information. Specifically, as described in the first embodiment above, the control quantity (candidates) obtained as the solution of multi-objective optimization includes the control quantities of the power for a plurality of power devices. Therefore, according to the solution of this multi-objective optimization, the power for the plurality of power devices is controlled. In addition, as described in the first embodiment above, the priority information includes the number or range (information) of the power devices that control power in the distribution system. According to such priority information, consider selecting, from among the candidates of the above-mentioned plurality of control quantities, for example, the control quantity that controls the power devices included in the number or range included in the priority information.

[0223] Although it has been described that the control quantity is automatically selected according to the priority information here, it may also be configured to select the control quantity specified by the user from among the candidates of the plurality of control quantities, or the control quantity may be selected by other methods.

[0224] As described above, in this embodiment, candidates for a plurality of control quantities are obtained (calculated) according to different priorities for economy and fairness, and an appropriate control quantity is selected from among the candidates of the plurality of control quantities according to the priority information and the preferences of the user, thereby enabling appropriate control of the distribution system.

[0225] In addition, in this embodiment, it has been mainly described that candidates for a plurality of control quantities with different weight coefficients C are obtained. However, in this embodiment, as long as it is configured to obtain candidates for a plurality of control quantities, it may also be configured, for example, to obtain candidates for a plurality of control quantities with different numbers or ranges of the power devices to be controlled.

[0226] According to at least one of the embodiments described above, an information processing device, an information processing system, an information processing method, and a program that can avoid the deviation of management values can be provided.

[0227] Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented only as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other ways, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are similarly included in the invention described in the claims and its equivalent scope.

[0228] In addition, the above embodiments can be summarized into the following technical solutions.

[0229] [Technical Solution 1]

[0230] An information processing apparatus, wherein,

[0231] it includes a processing unit that calculates a control amount of power for the plurality of power devices according to a management value of wiring in a power distribution system, a first evaluation function for evaluating the control of power for the plurality of power devices in the power distribution system from an economic perspective, and a second evaluation function for evaluating the control of power for the plurality of power devices from a fairness perspective.

[0232] [Technical Solution 2]

[0233] According to the above Technical Solution 1, wherein,

[0234] the processing unit calculates the management value of the wiring according to system parameters including parameters of the plurality of power devices and information defining the connection relationship between the plurality of power devices, and a supply-demand plan including a power supply plan or a demand plan of the power of the plurality of power devices.

[0235] [Technical Solution 3]

[0236] According to the above Technical Solution 2, wherein,

[0237] the processing unit calculates the control amount when the calculated management value is not included in a predetermined management range of the wiring.

[0238] [Technical Solution 4]

[0239] According to the above Technical Solution 2 or 3, wherein,

[0240] the processing unit generates the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function according to the supply-demand plan and resource information of the plurality of power devices.

[0241] [Technical Solution 5]

[0242] According to the above Technical Solution 4, wherein,

[0243] the processing unit generates an objective function according to the generated first evaluation function, the second evaluation function, and priority information related to the priorities of the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function, and calculates the control amount according to the generated objective function.

[0244] [Technical Solution 6]

[0245] According to the above Technical Solution 5, wherein,

[0246] When calculating the management value, the processing unit obtains a voltage sensitivity coefficient representing the voltage sensitivity of the wiring for the power in the plurality of power devices, generates a constraint condition indicating that the management value is included in the management range based on the resource information of the plurality of power devices and the obtained voltage sensitivity coefficient, and obtains a solution derived from the objective function within the generated constraint condition as the control amount.

[0247] [Technical solution 7]

[0248] According to the above technical solutions 1 to 6, wherein,

[0249] The control amount is at least one of the control amounts of the active power and the reactive power for the plurality of power devices.

[0250] [Technical solution 8]

[0251] According to the above technical solutions 1 to 7, wherein,

[0252] The first evaluation function is a function for evaluating at least one of the cost required for controlling the power of the plurality of power devices, the cost paid by the operator of the power distribution system to the owner of the plurality of power devices or the integrator in the power distribution system as the cost for controlling the power of the plurality of power devices, the cost paid by the integrator to the owner as the cost for controlling the power of the plurality of power devices, and the opportunity loss caused by the control of the power of the plurality of power devices.

[0253] The second evaluation function is a function for evaluating the deviation of the control of the power in at least one of between the plurality of power devices and between the integrators in the power distribution system.

[0254] [Technical solution 9]

[0255] According to the above technical solutions 4 to 6, wherein,

[0256] The resource information includes the connection positions of the plurality of power devices in the power distribution system, the controllable amount of the power for the plurality of power devices, and the controllable time of the power for the plurality of power devices.

[0257] [Technical solution 10]

[0258] According to the above technical solution 9, wherein,

[0259] The resource information includes at least one of the capacity of the power in the plurality of power devices, the minimum control amount regarded as controlling the power for the plurality of power devices, information related to the start-up and stop of the plurality of power devices, the continuous operation time of the plurality of power devices, information related to self-consumption of the power generated by the plurality of power devices, conditions related to the power generation of the plurality of power devices, contract content related to the power sales of the power generated by the plurality of power devices, contract content related to the power purchases of the power consumed by the plurality of power devices, contract content related to the power control for the plurality of power devices, past control content of the power for the plurality of power devices, and information on opportunity losses generated due to the power control for the plurality of power devices.

[0260] [Technical solution 11]

[0261] According to the above technical solution 10, wherein,

[0262] The information related to the start-up and stop of the plurality of power devices includes at least one of the conditions related to the start-up and stop, the load generated on the plurality of power devices or the operator of the power distribution system due to the start-up and stop, and the time required for the start-up and stop.

[0263] [Technical solution 12]

[0264] According to the above technical solution 10, wherein,

[0265] The contract content related to the power sales and the contract content related to the power purchases include at least one of the contract content related to the power transaction and the charging method applied to the power transaction.

[0266] [Technical solution 13]

[0267] According to the above technical solution 10, wherein,

[0268] The contract content related to the power control includes at least one of the fee paid by the operator or integrator of the power distribution system as the cost of the power control for the power device and the charging method applied in the estimation of the fee.

[0269] [Technical solution 14]

[0270] According to the above technical solution 10, wherein,

[0271] The past control content includes at least one of the number of times of past power control for the plurality of power devices and the amount of power control performed on the plurality of power devices in the past.

[0272] [Technical Solution 15]

[0273] According to the above technical solutions 4 to 6, among them,

[0274] The resource information is the resource information of at least the power device that has signed a contract with the integrator in the power distribution system.

[0275] [Technical Solution 16]

[0276] According to the above technical solution 15, among them,

[0277] The resource information includes at least one of the contract content with the power device and the contract content with the operator of the power distribution system.

[0278] [Technical Solution 17]

[0279] According to the above technical solution 16, among them,

[0280] The contract content with the power device includes at least one of the fee paid to the power device as the price for the control of the power of the power device and the charging method applied in the estimation of the fee.

[0281] [Technical Solution 18]

[0282] According to the above technical solution 16, among them,

[0283] The contract content with the operator of the power distribution system includes the fee paid by the operator as the price for the control of the power of the power device.

[0284] [Technical Solution 19]

[0285] According to the above technical solution 5 or 6, among them,

[0286] The priority information includes at least one of the weight coefficients of the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function, the expected levels of the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function, the allowable ranges of the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function, and the number or distribution range of the power devices for controlling power.

[0287] [Technical Solution 20]

[0288] According to the above technical solution 19, among them,

[0289] The priority information includes the evaluation values of the single-objective optimization of the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function respectively.

[0290] [Technical Solution 21]

[0291] According to the above technical solutions 1 to 20, among them,

[0292] The management value is the voltage or current of the wiring.

[0293] [Technical solution 22]

[0294] According to the above technical solutions 4 to 6, among them,

[0295] Generate the first evaluation function according to at least one of the control of the power for the plurality of power devices and the charging method for the power selling or power purchasing application.

[0296] [Technical solution 23]

[0297] According to the above technical solution 22, among them,

[0298] The first evaluation function is composed of the sum of a plurality of functions related to the control of the power for the plurality of power devices.

[0299] [Technical solution 24]

[0300] According to the above technical solutions 4 to 6, among them,

[0301] Generate the second evaluation function based on the utility function that represents the evaluation of the control content of the power for the power device according to the supply and demand plan and resource information defined for the integrator in the power device or the power distribution system.

[0302] [Technical solution 25]

[0303] According to the above technical solution 24, among them,

[0304] Generate the utility function according to the control amount of the power device or the integrator.

[0305] [Technical solution 26]

[0306] According to the above technical solution 24, among them,

[0307] Generate the utility function according to the profit and loss related to the control of the power device or the integrator.

[0308] [Technical solution 27]

[0309] According to the above technical solution 24, among them,

[0310] Generate the utility function according to the control time of the power device or the integrator.

[0311] [Technical solution 28]

[0312] According to the above technical solution 24, among them,

[0313] Generate the utility function according to the change in voltage related to the control of the power device or the integrator.

[0314] [Technical solution 29]

[0315] According to the above technical solution 24, wherein

[0316] Generate the utility function according to the functions related to the control of the active power and the reactive power of the power device respectively.

[0317] [Technical solution 30]

[0318] According to the above technical solution 24, wherein

[0319] Generate the utility function according to the statistical quantity of the control amount or the control time of the power of multiple power devices that have signed contracts with the integrator.

[0320] [Technical solution 31]

[0321] According to the above technical solution 24, wherein

[0322] The utility function is defined differently according to the power device or the integrator.

[0323] [Technical solution 32]

[0324] According to the above technical solution 24, wherein

[0325] Generate the second evaluation function according to the statistical quantity of multiple utility functions.

[0326] [Technical solution 33]

[0327] According to the above technical solution 5 or 6, wherein

[0328] The objective function is a linear function composed of the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function.

[0329] [Technical solution 34]

[0330] According to the above technical solution 5 or 6, wherein

[0331] The objective function is a function using at least one of the weight coefficients of the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function respectively, the expected levels of the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function respectively, the allowable ranges of the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function respectively, and the number or distribution range of the power devices controlling the power.

[0332] [Technical solution 35]

[0333] According to the above technical solution 6, wherein,

[0334] The processing unit generates a plurality of objective functions according to different priority information, obtains solutions respectively derived from the plurality of objective functions as candidates for the control amount, and determines the control amount from the candidates for the control amount.

[0335] [Technical solution 36]

[0336] According to the above technical solutions 1 to 35, wherein,

[0337] The power device includes at least one of a power generation device, a storage battery, and a demand device.

[0338] [Technical solution 37]

[0339] An information processing system includes:

[0340] A processing unit that calculates a control amount for the power of the plurality of power devices according to a management value of wiring in a power distribution system, a first evaluation function for evaluating the control of the power for the plurality of power devices in the power distribution system from an economic perspective, and a second evaluation function for evaluating the control of the power for the plurality of power devices from a fairness perspective; and

[0341] The plurality of power devices,

[0342] By controlling the power of the plurality of power devices according to the calculated control amount, the management value of the wiring is adjusted.

[0343] [Technical solution 38]

[0344] An information processing method, wherein,

[0345] According to a management value of wiring in a power distribution system, a first evaluation function for evaluating the control of the power for the plurality of power devices in the power distribution system from an economic perspective, and a second evaluation function for evaluating the control of the power for the plurality of power devices from a fairness perspective, calculate a control amount for the power of the plurality of power devices.

[0346] [Technical solution 39]

[0347] A program for causing a computer to function as a processing unit that calculates a control amount for the power of the plurality of power devices according to a management value of wiring in a power distribution system, a first evaluation function for evaluating the control of the power for the plurality of power devices in the power distribution system from an economic perspective, and a second evaluation function for evaluating the control of the power for the plurality of power devices from a fairness perspective.

Claims

1. An information processing device, wherein: A processing unit is provided for calculating a control amount of electric power for a plurality of electric power devices based on a management value of wiring in a distribution system, a first evaluation function for evaluating control of electric power for a plurality of electric power devices in the distribution system from an economic point of view, and a second evaluation function for evaluating control of electric power for the plurality of electric power devices from a fairness point of view.

2. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein: The processing unit calculates the management value of the wiring based on system parameters including parameters of the plurality of power devices and information defining connection relationships between the plurality of power devices, and a supply and demand plan including a supply plan or a demand plan of power for the plurality of power devices.

3. The information processing device according to claim 2, wherein: The processing unit calculates the control amount when the calculated management value is not included in a predetermined management range of the wiring.

4. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein: The processing unit generates the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function based on the supply and demand plan and the resource information of the plurality of power devices.

5. The information processing device according to claim 4, wherein: The processing unit generates an objective function based on the generated first evaluation function and the second evaluation function and priority information regarding priorities of the first evaluation function and the second evaluation function, and calculates the control amount based on the generated objective function.

6. The information processing device according to claim 5, wherein: The processing unit obtains a voltage sensitivity coefficient representing the voltage sensitivity of the wiring of the electric power in the plurality of electric power devices when calculating the management value, generates a constraint condition representing that the management value is included in the management range based on resource information of the plurality of electric power devices and the obtained voltage sensitivity coefficient, and obtains a solution derived from the objective function within the range of the generated constraint condition as the control quantity.

7. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein: The control amount is at least one of the control amount of active power and the control amount of reactive power for the plurality of power devices.

8. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein: The first evaluation function is a function for evaluating at least one of the cost required for controlling the electric power of the plurality of electric power devices, the cost paid by the operator of the power distribution system to the owner of the plurality of electric power devices or the integrator in the power distribution system as the cost of controlling the electric power of the plurality of electric power devices, the cost paid by the integrator to the owner as the cost of controlling the electric power of the plurality of electric power devices, and the opportunity loss caused by controlling the electric power of the plurality of electric power devices. The second evaluation function is a function for evaluating a deviation in power control between at least one of the plurality of power devices and between integrators in the power distribution system.

9. The information processing device according to claim 4, wherein: The resource information includes connection locations of the plurality of electric power devices in the power distribution system, controllable amounts of electric power for the plurality of electric power devices, and controllable times of electric power for the plurality of electric power devices.

10. The information processing device according to claim 9, wherein: The resource information includes the capacity of electric power in the multiple power devices, the minimum control amount considered to control the electric power for the multiple power devices, information related to the start and stop of the multiple power devices, the continuous operation time of the multiple power devices, information related to the self-consumption of electric power generated by the multiple power devices, conditions related to the power generation of the multiple power devices, contract contents related to the sale of electric power generated by the multiple power devices, contract contents related to the purchase of electric power consumed by the multiple power devices, contract contents related to the control of electric power for the multiple power devices, past control contents of electric power for the multiple power devices, and at least one of information on opportunity loss caused by the control of electric power for the multiple power devices.

Images