Solar photovoltaic panel cooling synergistic and seawater evaporation device

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar photovoltaic panel cooling synergistic and seawater evaporation device, and relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization and seawater desalination, the solar photovoltaic panel cooling synergistic and seawater evaporation device comprises two groups of first fixed beams, the first fixed beams are symmetrically arranged, and the two sides of the bottom end of each first fixed beam are provided with angle-adjustable foot supports; the thermoelectric cooling plate is arranged on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, the cold end of the thermoelectric cooling plate is in direct close contact with the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, so that photovoltaic panel waste heat is efficiently absorbed and transmitted, efficient and rapid heat dissipation and cooling are achieved, the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate is made of a flexible material, and the heat dissipation efficiency is improved. The absorbed heat can be conveyed to the seawater evaporation cavity in the seawater evaporation box, seawater is heated and evaporated, fresh water is obtained, and seawater desalination is achieved, so that the overall energy utilization efficiency is improved, and comprehensive utilization of waste heat is achieved while the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is remarkably improved; the device has the advantages of being compact in structure, flexible in application and suitable for islands, coastal areas and water-deficient areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization and seawater desalination, and particularly relates to a solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency increasing and seawater evaporation device. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic technology refers to the technology that can directly convert solar light energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic cells made with this technology are convenient to use. Especially in recent years, the rapid development of micro and small semiconductor inverters has promoted their faster application. With the continuous development of photovoltaic technology, when photovoltaic modules work in a high-temperature environment, their photoelectric conversion efficiency will significantly decrease. In order to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels, it is usually necessary to cool the photovoltaic modules.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with the application number 202411915794.4 discloses an air-cooling device for cooling and increasing the efficiency of solar photovoltaic cells, and specifically discloses that the air-cooling device for cooling and increasing the efficiency includes: a reflective airfoil plate installed on the lowest inclined side of the solar photovoltaic cell and spaced from the solar photovoltaic cell; the length of the reflective airfoil plate is not less than the transverse length of the solar photovoltaic cell, and the thickness is less than its own width; a water collector installed between the reflective airfoil plate and the solar photovoltaic cell for collecting and storing rainwater, and the water collector is provided with a water replenishing port; a water collection gap is formed between the reflective airfoil plate and the solar photovoltaic cell, the water collector is provided with a water collection groove, and the water collection gap is communicated with the water collection groove; a humidifying rod installed on the water collector, with one end communicated with the inside of the water collector and the other end facing the ground.

[0004] Seawater desalination is to use seawater to desalt and produce fresh water. It is an open-source and incremental technology for water resource utilization, which can increase the total amount of fresh water, is not affected by time, space and climate, has good water quality, and the price is gradually reasonable, and can ensure stable water supply such as drinking water for coastal residents and make-up water for industrial boilers. The process of obtaining fresh water from seawater is called seawater desalination. Seawater desalination is mainly to provide drinking water and agricultural water, and sometimes edible salt will also be produced as a by-product.

[0005] For example, the invention patent with the application number 202410176176.6 discloses a seawater desalination device, and specifically discloses that the device includes a seawater evaporator, which has a double-layer inner vacuum structure housing, and a tubular evaporation core is arranged inside the housing. The evaporation core is respectively a microporous tube and a capillary material layer from the inside to the outside in the radial direction. Micropores penetrating the tube wall are evenly distributed on the peripheral wall of the microporous tube. One end of the microporous tube is an inlet structural member, and a raw water pipe connection end is arranged at the end of the inlet structural member facing away from the evaporation core for introducing seawater into the capillary material layer; the outlet structural member is provided with a pipe orifice communicating with the microporous tube, and a water outlet channel communicating the inside and outside of the condensation cavity is also provided.

[0006] In the prior art, the cooling of photovoltaic modules is only achieved by sticking a radiator on the back of the photovoltaic panel or by blowing air behind the photovoltaic module for cooling, but the cooling efficiency is limited and it is difficult to make efficient use of the absorbed heat. On the other hand, seawater desalination technology is of great significance to coastal and island areas, but traditional seawater desalination devices mostly rely on external heat sources or multi-stage flash evaporation / reverse osmosis systems with high energy consumption. How to combine the cooling process of photovoltaic modules with the seawater desalination process to achieve comprehensive utilization of energy and improve the overall efficiency of the system is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, the present invention proposes a solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device, which combines the cooling process of the photovoltaic module with the seawater desalination process to achieve comprehensive utilization of energy and improve the overall efficiency of the system.

[0008] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: a solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device, including a first fixed beam, the first fixed beam is symmetrically provided with two groups, the bottom of the first fixed beam is provided with adjustable angle foot brackets on both sides, the top of the two groups of the first fixed beams are symmetrically fixed with second fixed beams, the second fixed beams are slidably provided with symmetrically distributed moving frames, the moving frames are provided with a pressing mechanism, solar photovoltaic panels are placed on the top of the two groups of the second fixed beams, the solar photovoltaic panels are fixed to the top of the second fixed beams by the pressing mechanism, a thermoelectric cooling plate is slidably inserted on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, a seawater evaporation box is provided under the solar photovoltaic panel, a first partition, a second partition and a porous capillary guide plate are fixed inside the seawater evaporation box, and the seawater is divided into a seawater storage chamber, a seawater evaporation chamber and a condensation chamber by the first partition, the second partition and the porous capillary guide plate, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate passes through the seawater evaporation chamber.

[0009] A further improvement is that a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe connected to the seawater storage chamber and the condensation chamber are fixed to the side wall of the seawater evaporation box away from the seawater evaporation chamber, and the porous capillary guide plate is inclined with the water outlet facing the second partition.

[0010] A further improvement is that a first return pipe and a second return pipe connected to the seawater storage chamber and the seawater evaporation chamber are respectively fixed to the side wall of the seawater evaporation box close to the seawater evaporation chamber, a water pump is fixed between the first return pipe and the second return pipe, and a concentration sensor electrically connected to the water pump is fixed inside the seawater evaporation chamber.

[0011] A further improvement lies in that: the thermoelectric cooling plate includes a thermoelectric cooling cold end attached to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel and a thermoelectric cooling hot end fixed to the back of the thermoelectric cooling cold end. One end of the thermoelectric cooling hot end close to the seawater evaporation tank is designed to be curved and penetrates into the interior of the seawater evaporation chamber.

[0012] A further improvement lies in that: a sleeve plate covering the periphery of the thermoelectric cooling plate is fixed to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, and a baffle matching the thermoelectric cooling plate is fixed to one side of the back of the solar photovoltaic panel away from the seawater evaporation tank.

[0013] A further improvement lies in that: a temperature sensor electrically connected to the thermoelectric cooling plate is embedded and installed on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, and a power control module and a controller are respectively fixed to both sides of the bottom end of the sleeve plate.

[0014] A further improvement lies in that: the pressing mechanism includes a lead screw threadedly penetrating through the top end of the moving frame and a knob fixed to the top end of the lead screw. The bottom end of the lead screw is rotatably connected through a bearing to a pressing plate slidably connected inside the moving frame.

[0015] A further improvement lies in that: bolt holes are equally spaced on the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam. The second fixed beam is fixed to the top end of the first fixed beam by bolts, and the moving frame is fixedly connected to the second fixed beam by bolts.

[0016] A further improvement lies in that: the adjustable angle foot bracket includes a hinge seat fixed to the bottom end of the first fixed beam and a support rod hinged to the hinge seat. A support tube is slidably sleeved on the support rod. A support pad foot is fixed to the bottom end of the support tube. A positioning bolt threadedly penetrates through the side wall of the support tube, and positioning holes adapted to the positioning bolt are equally spaced on the side wall of the support rod.

[0017] A further improvement lies in that: the porous capillary diversion plate includes a support substrate layer, a gradient porous capillary layer, a diversion groove network layer, and a microstructured water delivery surface layer sequentially distributed from top to bottom. The gradient porous capillary layer is fixed to the bottom surface of the porous capillary diversion plate by sintering. The diversion groove network layer is a micro-machined groove structure etched on the bottom surface of the gradient porous capillary layer. The microstructured water delivery surface layer is a film coated on the bottom surface of the diversion groove network layer.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By arranging a thermoelectric cooling plate on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, the cold end of the thermoelectric cooling plate is directly and closely contacted with the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, so as to efficiently absorb and transfer the waste heat of the photovoltaic panel, realize efficient and rapid heat dissipation and temperature reduction. Moreover, the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate is made of a flexible material, which can transport the absorbed heat to the seawater evaporation chamber in the seawater evaporation box to heat and evaporate the seawater and obtain fresh water, realizing seawater desalination. Thus, the overall energy utilization efficiency is improved. While significantly improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel, the comprehensive utilization of waste heat is realized, and it has the advantages of compact structure, flexible application and being suitable for islands, coastal areas and water-scarce areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is the front view of the present invention; Figure 2 is the cross-sectional view of the solar photovoltaic panel and the thermoelectric cooling plate of the present invention; Figure 3 is the cross-sectional view of the seawater evaporation box of the present invention; Figure 4 is the top view of the first fixing beam and the second fixing beam of the present invention; Figure 5 is the cross-sectional view of the adjustable angle foot bracket of the present invention; Figure 6 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the first fixing beam and the second fixing beam of the present invention; Figure 7 is the schematic diagram of the cross-sectional temperature comparison of the solar photovoltaic panel in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is the schematic diagram of the silicon crystal temperature comparison of the solar photovoltaic panel in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the porous capillary diversion plate of the present invention.

[0020] Wherein: 1. First fixed beam; 2. Adjustable angle foot bracket; 3. Second fixed beam; 4. Moving frame; 5. Solar photovoltaic panel; 6. Thermoelectric cooling plate; 7. Seawater evaporation tank; 8. First partition; 9. Second partition; 10. Porous capillary diversion plate; 11. Seawater storage cavity; 12. Seawater evaporation cavity; 13. Condensation cavity; 14. Water inlet pipe; 15. Drain pipe; 16. First return pipe; 17. Second return pipe; 18. Water pump; 19. Concentration sensor; 20. Sleeve plate; 21. Baffle; 22. Temperature sensor; 23. Power control module; 24. Controller; 25. Lead screw; 26. Knob; 27. Pressure plate; 28. Bolt hole; 201. Hinge seat; 202. Support rod; 203. Support pipe; 204. Support pad foot; 205. Positioning bolt; 206. Positioning hole; 601. Thermoelectric cooling cold end; 602. Thermoelectric cooling hot end; 101. Support substrate layer; 102. Gradient porous capillary layer; 103. Diversion groove network layer; 104. Microstructure water delivery surface layer. Detailed implementation manner

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] According to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 9As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a solar photovoltaic panel cooling, efficiency increasing and seawater evaporation device, which includes two groups of first fixed beams 1 and two groups of second fixed beams 3. Among them, the two groups of second fixed beams 3 are symmetrically fixed at the top of the two groups of first fixed beams 1. On the left and right sides of the bottom ends of the two groups of first fixed beams 1, adjustable angle foot brackets 2 are provided. The adjustable angle foot brackets 2 have adjustable inclination angles to adapt to the sunlight angles in different regions, and also have a lifting adjustment function to adapt to different usage heights. On each group of second fixed beams 3, two sets of moving frames 4 are arranged in a front-back symmetrical distribution. The moving frames 4 are slidably arranged on the second fixed beams 3 for sliding adjustment of the displacement. After the sliding adjustment of the displacement, they are fixedly installed on the second fixed beams 3 through bolts. And a pressing mechanism is provided on the moving frames 4. A set of solar photovoltaic panels 5 are jointly placed on the tops of the two groups of second fixed beams 3, and the solar photovoltaic panels 5 are pressed and fixed on the tops of the second fixed beams 3 by the pressing mechanism, which is convenient for the disassembly and assembly of the solar photovoltaic panels 5. The solar photovoltaic panels 5 in this embodiment are composed of silicon wafers, electrodes and packaging materials. A thermoelectric cooling plate 6 for cooling the solar photovoltaic panels 5 is slidably inserted on the back of the solar photovoltaic panels 5, which is convenient for the disassembly and assembly of the thermoelectric cooling plate 6. The electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panels 5 can be used for user storage or to drive the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 to work. When the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panels 5 is higher than the normal temperature, the controller 24 on the device starts to drive the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 to work and cool the back of the solar photovoltaic panels 5; A seawater evaporation box 7 is provided below the solar photovoltaic panels 5. A first partition plate 8 which is inclined is fixedly installed on the left side inside the seawater evaporation box 7, and a second partition plate 9 which is inclined is fixedly installed on the right side inside the seawater evaporation box 7. Above the first partition plate 8, a porous capillary diversion plate 10 which is inclined is provided. The internal space of the seawater evaporation box 7 is divided into a seawater storage cavity 11 for storing seawater to be desalinated, a seawater evaporation cavity 12 for heating and evaporating seawater, and a condensation cavity 13 by the first partition plate 8, the second partition plate 9 and the porous capillary diversion plate 10. The hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 is bent and penetrates into the seawater evaporation cavity 12 to heat and evaporate the seawater inside the seawater evaporation cavity 12 by using the heat transferred by the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate 6. Two water outlet pipes with automatic control valves which are respectively communicated with the seawater storage cavity 11 and the seawater evaporation cavity 12 are fixedly installed on the front of the seawater evaporation box 7 for discharging seawater; In this embodiment, the porous capillary diversion plate 10 plays a key role in mass transfer and phase change regulation in the seawater evaporation-condensation fresh water collection system. Its working process is based on the synergistic effect of capillary force drive, interfacial effect and phase change thermodynamics. In the evaporation stage, for the hydrophobic porous medium with a gradient porosity distribution, water vapor undergoes a phase change through the porous medium and condenses into liquid in the capillary diversion groove, then flows downward through the capillary diversion groove to the second partition plate 9 and converges in the condensation cavity 13. Its high specific surface area characteristic significantly enhances the condensation rate of water vapor under the action of low-grade heat energy. At the same time, the nano / micro composite pore structure in the porous capillary diversion plate 10 reduces the evaporation enthalpy of water through the confinement effect, realizing efficient phase change conversion. After the steam is generated, the superhydrophobic functional layer on the surface of the porous capillary diversion plate 10, combined with the directional microstructure design, guides the water vapor to transport and converge towards the condensation cavity 13 along the preset three-dimensional flow path. During this process, by regulating the steam diffusion path length and local pressure gradient, steam escape can be effectively inhibited and latent heat loss can be reduced.

[0023] A water inlet pipe 14, which is fixed to the lower part of the right side wall of the seawater evaporation tank 7 and is connected to the seawater storage cavity 11 and is equipped with a control valve by itself, is used to inject seawater to be desalinated. A drain pipe 15, which is fixed to the upper part of the right side wall of the seawater evaporation tank 7 and is connected to the condensation cavity 13 and is equipped with a control valve by itself, is used to discharge the condensed water output from the porous capillary diversion plate 10. The porous capillary diversion plate 10 is inclined and its water outlet end faces the second partition plate 9. The condensed water output from the porous capillary diversion plate 10 flows down along the second partition plate 9 and is discharged by the drain pipe 15.

[0024] A first return pipe 16, which is fixed to the lower part of the left side wall of the seawater evaporation tank 7 and is connected to the seawater storage cavity 11, and a second return pipe 17, which is fixed to the upper part of the left side wall of the seawater evaporation tank 7 and is connected to the seawater evaporation cavity 12, are provided. A water pump 18 is fixed between the first return pipe 16 and the second return pipe 17. A concentration sensor 19 is fixed inside the seawater evaporation cavity 12. The concentration sensor 19 is connected to the PLC control system of the device and is used to start the water pump 18 to work when the detected seawater concentration is higher than the preset value. The hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 is inserted into the seawater evaporation cavity 12. The seawater is heated and evaporated into water vapor and flows towards the porous capillary diversion plate 10. The concentration sensor 19 is used to monitor the seawater concentration in the seawater evaporation cavity 12 in real time. When the concentration exceeds the preset value, the water pump 18 is started to continue injecting the seawater stored in the seawater storage cavity 11 into the seawater evaporation cavity 12 to reintroduce fresh seawater and repeat the work.

[0025] The thermoelectric cooling plate 6 includes a thermoelectric cooling cold end 601 and a thermoelectric cooling hot end 602. The thermoelectric cooling cold end 601 is attached to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel 5, and efficient heat dissipation is achieved through a thermal conductive interface material or vacuum bonding technology. The thermoelectric cooling hot end 602 is fixed to the back of the thermoelectric cooling cold end 601. One end of the thermoelectric cooling hot end 602 close to the seawater evaporation tank 7 is bent and penetrates into the seawater evaporation chamber 12. The thermoelectric cooling hot end 602 is made of a flexible material that can be bent and has high temperature resistance, facilitating bending, fitting, or extension according to the installation angle or position of the solar photovoltaic panel 5, and transporting heat to the seawater evaporation chamber 12 in the seawater evaporation tank 7 to heat the seawater therein. The flexible material has a base material of silica gel and is filled with boron nitride (BN) or aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 )particles (accounting for 30 - 50%), with a thermal conductivity of 8 - 12 W / m·K, a temperature resistance range of -50 - 200 °C, a bending radius ≤ 10 mm, suitable for repeated bending scenarios. Copper foil (thickness 0.1 mm) and high-temperature resistant silica gel are alternately laminated, having both metal thermal conductivity and flexibility, with a thermal conductivity > 200 W / m·K, and nickel plating on the surface to prevent seawater corrosion; When an electric current passes through a loop composed of two different semiconductor materials (p-type and n-type) at the thermoelectric cooling cold end 601 and the thermoelectric cooling hot end 602, one joint will absorb heat (refrigeration), and the other joint will release heat (heating). By changing the direction of the electric current, the switching between refrigeration and heating can be achieved (in winter when the temperature is low, it can be used for heating to melt the snow or ice crystals on the surface of the solar photovoltaic panel 5 so that the solar photovoltaic panel 5 can reach a good operating state).

[0026] A sleeve plate 20 is fixed to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel 5, and the sleeve plate 20 covers the periphery of the thermoelectric cooling plate 6. The thermoelectric cooling plate 6 is slidably inserted into the sleeve plate 20 to achieve its sliding plug-in connection. A baffle 21 is fixed to the side of the back of the solar photovoltaic panel 5 away from the seawater evaporation tank 7. The baffle 21 is adapted to the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 and plays a blocking role for the thermoelectric cooling plate 6.

[0027] The photoelectric conversion efficiency ( )of the photovoltaic cell is significantly affected by temperature ( ). Its temperature dependence is determined by the temperature drift of the bandgap width of the semiconductor material and the carrier recombination rate. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar photovoltaic panel 5 in this embodiment is as follows:

[0028] Among them, is the efficiency at the reference temperature , is the temperature coefficient, is the actual temperature of the photovoltaic panel, is the ambient temperature.

[0029] The thermoelectric cooling plate 6 in this embodiment adopts the solid-state heat pump principle of thermoelectric cooling (TEC). TEC is based on the Peltier Effect and uses the carrier migration of semiconductor heterojunctions ( p - n junction) to achieve the directional transport of heat: When a direct current ( ) passes through the TEC, electrons absorb or release latent heat at the interface between the p type and the n type semiconductors; The cold end ( ) absorbs heat, and the hot end ( ) releases heat, forming a heat pump effect; The formula for thermoelectric cooling capacity is as follows:

[0030] Wherein, = is the Seebeck coefficient (V / K), is the working current (A), , are the temperatures of the cold end and the hot end (K) respectively, is the internal resistance of the TEC (Ω), is the thermal conductivity (W / K).

[0031] A groove is formed on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel 5, and a temperature sensor 22 for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 5 is fitted and installed in the groove. The temperature sensor 22 is connected to the PLC control system of the device and is used to drive the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 to work when the detected temperature is higher than the preset value. The power control module 23 and the controller 24 of the device are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom end of the sleeve plate 20 for automatic regulation.

[0032] The pressing mechanism includes a lead screw 25 and a knob 26. The lead screw 25 threadedly penetrates through the top end of the moving frame 4, and the knob 26 is fixed to the top end of the lead screw 25 by a screw. The bottom end of the lead screw 25 is rotatably connected to a pressing plate 27 through a bearing. The pressing plate 27 is slidably fitted to the inner wall of the moving frame 4. By rotating the knob 26, the lead screw 25 is driven to rotate downward to drive the pressing plate 27 to descend, and cooperate with the second fixing beam 3 to press and fix the solar photovoltaic panel 5.

[0033] The first fixing beam 1 and the second fixing beam 3 are both equidistantly provided with bolt holes 28. The second fixing beam 3 is fixed to the top end of the first fixing beam 1 by bolts. The moving frame 4 is fixedly connected to the second fixing beam 3 by bolts. The setting of multiple groups of bolt holes 28 facilitates the position adjustment of the second fixing beam 3 on the first fixing beam 1 and facilitates the position adjustment of the moving frame 4 on the second fixing beam 3.

[0034] The adjustable-angle foot bracket 2 includes a hinge seat 201 and a support rod 202. The hinge seat 201 is fixed to the bottom end of the first fixed beam 1 by screws. The top end of the support rod 202 is hinged to the hinge seat 201 and can be adjusted in angle with the hinge seat 201 as the origin. A support tube 203 is slidably sleeved on the support rod 202. A support pad 204 is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the support tube 203. A positioning bolt 205 threadedly penetrates through the side wall of the support tube 203. Positioning holes 206 are equidistantly formed in the side wall of the support rod 202, and the positioning holes 206 are adapted to the positioning bolt 205. The positioning and fixing of the support rod 202 and the support tube 203 are achieved by screwing the positioning bolt 205 into the positioning holes 206.

[0035] The porous capillary flow guide plate 10 is composed of a support substrate layer 101, a gradient porous capillary layer 102, a flow guide groove network layer 103, and a micro-structured water-transporting surface layer 104. The support substrate layer 101 provides overall structural stability and mechanical strength. The gradient porous capillary layer 102 (gradient pore diameter 10 - 100 μm) is fixed to the bottom surface of the porous capillary flow guide plate 10 by sintering, has hydrophilicity, and a gradient pore diameter design for steam guiding and capillary action. The flow guide groove network layer 103 is a micro-machined groove structure that guides the condensate water to flow unidirectionally to the drain and is etched on the bottom surface of the gradient porous capillary layer 102. The micro-structured water-transporting surface layer 104 is a thin film coated on the bottom surface of the flow guide groove network layer 103 and has a water-repellent surface coating to promote the aggregation and rolling of the condensate water and avoid steam retention. The porous capillary flow guide plate 10 of this embodiment is arranged between the seawater evaporation chamber 12 and the condensation chamber 13 and is a key functional component for realizing the coupling of the evaporation-transport-condensation three-phase flow. The support substrate layer 101, the gradient porous capillary layer 102, the flow guide groove network layer 103, and the micro-structured water-transporting surface layer 104 are designed in cooperation, and the specific functions are as follows: The gradient porosity structure of the gradient porous capillary layer 102 (the pore diameter gradually decreases from the evaporation side to the condensation side): Utilize the larger pores to improve the heat conductivity, accelerate the evaporation of the liquid-phase seawater, the decreasing pore diameter forms a steam directional migration path, reduce the random diffusion and re-condensation phenomena, reduce the steam residence time in the channel, and improve the steam migration rate. The micro-structured three-dimensional path of the micro-structured water-transporting surface layer 104 guides the steam flow to the condensation area: The surface micro-nano scale structure combines hydrophilic / hydrophobic regulation to generate a directional diffusion gradient, improve the steam transport efficiency by reducing the interfacial friction resistance, and prevent steam escape. Efficient collection of condensate: After the steam enters the upper layer of the gradient porous capillary layer 102, it quickly condenses into liquid water, and the micro-structured water-transporting surface layer 104 prompts the water droplets to roll and enter the bottom flow guide groove.

[0036] Synergistic derivation of condensate by gravity and capillary action: The inclined porous capillary diversion plate 10 allows water to flow by gravity to the drainage end; The diversion groove combined with the microporous channel enhances the capillary siphon effect to achieve energy-free liquid drainage; Prevent water droplets from staying and hindering subsequent condensation, and improve the continuous water production efficiency; Evaporation enthalpy reduction mechanism: The evaporation enthalpy of water molecules is reduced through the confinement effect (nanoscale confinement) to improve the low-temperature evaporation efficiency; Without increasing the hot-end temperature, the evaporation rate is accelerated to achieve full utilization of low-grade waste heat; Phase change heat management: A large number of gas-liquid contact surfaces in the porous structure improve the heat transfer efficiency per unit area; The heat flow is evenly distributed through the porous matrix to relieve local overheating or condensation hysteresis.

[0037] Heat flow coupling with the thermoelectric cooling system: The heat at the hot end heats the water body through the porous diversion plate to drive evaporation; A triple-coupling path of cold-end refrigeration, hot-end heat supply, and evaporation-condensation of the diversion plate is achieved.

[0038] In this embodiment.

[0039] In this embodiment, the temperature field of the photovoltaic panel is used for experiments. The experimental conditions are convective heat transfer in the actual environment around the photovoltaic panel, and the upper surface is given a temperature of 60 °C. Since heat is also generated by the silicon wafer during solar energy operation, an internal heat generation of 2 W is set in the photovoltaic panel. For the invention group and the control group, cooling fluxes of 10 W and 0 W are respectively set on the back of the photovoltaic panel. Through Figure 7 ( Figure 7 The right side in Figure 7 is the invention group, Figure 8 ( Figure 8 The right side in Figure 8 is the invention group, It can be seen from the left side in

[0040] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only to illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device, comprising a first fixed beam (1), characterized in that: Two groups of the first fixed beams (1) are symmetrically provided, and both sides of the bottom end of the first fixed beams (1) are provided with adjustable angle foot brackets (2). Second fixed beams (3) are symmetrically fixed to the top ends of the two groups of the first fixed beams (1). The second fixed beams (3) are slidably provided with symmetrically distributed moving frames (4), and the moving frames (4) are provided with a pressing mechanism. Solar photovoltaic panels (5) are placed on the top ends of the two groups of the second fixed beams (3), and the solar photovoltaic panels (5) are fixed to the top ends of the second fixed beams (3) by the pressing mechanism. A thermoelectric cooling plate (6) is slidably plugged onto the back of the solar photovoltaic panel (5); a seawater evaporation box (7) is provided below the solar photovoltaic panel (5); a first partition (8), a second partition (9) and a porous capillary guide plate (10) are fixed inside the seawater evaporation box (7); the seawater evaporation box (7) is divided into a seawater storage chamber (11), a seawater evaporation chamber (12) and a condensation chamber (13) by the first partition (8), the second partition (9) and the porous capillary guide plate (10); and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate (6) penetrates into the seawater evaporation chamber (12).

2. A solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water inlet pipe (14) and a water outlet pipe (15) communicating with the seawater storage chamber (11) and the condensation chamber (13) are respectively fixed to a side wall of the seawater evaporation box (7) away from the seawater evaporation chamber (12); the porous capillary guide plate (10) is arranged in an inclined manner with a water outlet end facing the second partition plate (9).

3. A solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first return pipe (16) and a second return pipe (17) communicating with the seawater storage chamber (11) and the seawater evaporation chamber (12) are fixed to a side wall of the seawater evaporation box (7) close to the seawater evaporation chamber (12), respectively; a water pump (18) is fixed between the first return pipe (16) and the second return pipe (17); and a concentration sensor (19) electrically connected to the water pump (18) is fixed inside the seawater evaporation chamber (12).

4. A solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric cooling plate (6) comprises a thermoelectric cooling cold end (601) bonded to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel (5) and a thermoelectric cooling hot end (602) fixed to the back of the thermoelectric cooling cold end (601); one end of the thermoelectric cooling hot end (602) close to the seawater evaporation box (7) is curved and penetrates into the seawater evaporation chamber (12); the thermoelectric cooling hot end (602) is made of a flexible material; the bending radius of the thermoelectric cooling hot end (602) is ≤10 mm and the surface is nickel-plated for corrosion protection.

5. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sleeve plate (20) covering the periphery of the thermoelectric cooling plate (6) is fixed to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel (5), and a baffle plate (21) adapted to the thermoelectric cooling plate (6) is fixed to the side of the back of the solar photovoltaic panel (5) away from the seawater evaporation tank (7).

6. A solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A temperature sensor (22) electrically connected to the thermoelectric cooling plate (6) is embedded and mounted on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel (5), and a power control module (23) and a controller (24) are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom end of the sleeve plate (20).

7. A solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing mechanism comprises a screw rod (25) threadedly penetrating the top end of the moving frame (4) and a knob (26) fixed to the top end of the screw rod (25); the bottom end of the screw rod (25) is rotatably connected to a pressing plate (27) slidably connected to the inside of the moving frame (4) via a bearing.

8. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Bolt holes (28) are equidistantly provided on the first fixed beam (1) and the second fixed beam (3); the second fixed beam (3) is fixed to the top of the first fixed beam (1) by bolts; and the movable frame (4) is fixedly connected to the second fixed beam (3) by bolts.

9. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable angle foot bracket (2) comprises an articulated seat (201) fixed to the bottom end of the first fixed beam (1) and a support rod (202) articulated to the articulated seat (201); a support tube (203) is slidably sleeved on the support rod (202); a support pad (204) is fixed to the bottom end of the support tube (203); a positioning bolt (205) is threadedly passed through the side wall of the support tube (203); and positioning holes (206) adapted to the positioning bolts (205) are equidistantly provided on the side wall of the support rod (202).

10. A solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous capillary guide plate (10) comprises a supporting substrate layer (101), a gradient porous capillary layer (102), a guide groove network layer (103) and a microstructured water transport surface layer (104) which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom; the gradient porous capillary layer (102) is fixed to the bottom surface of the porous capillary guide plate (10) by sintering; the guide groove network layer (103) is a micro-machined groove structure etched on the bottom surface of the gradient porous capillary layer (102); and the microstructured water transport surface layer (104) is in the form of a thin film coated on the bottom surface of the guide groove network layer (103).

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