Fireproof material for wearable devices, personal protection equipment, lithium ion battery fire protection and general fire protection

Abstract

Fireproof materials for wearable devices, personal protective equipment, lithium ion battery fire protection, and general fire protection are disclosed. A particular embodiment includes a fire retardant material comprising: a first material that is a combination of an oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber and a para-aramid (para-aramid) fiber; a second material that is a combination of oxidized PAN fibers, fire resistant rayon (FR-rayon), and para-aramid fibers; and a third material, the third material being a combination of silica aerogel and glass fibers, the third material configured for bonding with the first material or the second material, the second material configured for bonding with the first material or the third material.

Description

[0001] Priority Patent Application

[0002] This PCT patent application claims priority to U.S. Non - Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 372,107, filed on September 24, 2023, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 410,118, filed on September 26, 2022. The entire disclosure of the cited patent applications is considered to be part of the disclosure of this application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This patent application relates to fire - resistant and fire - proof materials, wearable devices and equipment according to exemplary embodiments, and more particularly to fire - proof materials for wearable devices, personal protective equipment, fire protection of lithium - ion batteries, and general fire protection.

[0004] Copyright

[0005] Part of the disclosure in this patent document contains copyrighted material. The copyright owner does not object to the facsimile reproduction of the patent document or patent disclosure in the patent file or records of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, but reserves all copyrights in other respects. The following statement applies to the disclosure in this article and the accompanying drawings that form part of this document: Copyright © 2021 - 2023 Elven Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Background Art

[0006] Workers at high risk of direct contact with flames and high temperatures (e.g., firefighters, stunt professionals, metal and foundry workers, race car drivers, etc.) and other workers who work in environments exposed to fire hazards require fire - proof clothing with excellent durability and fire - resistance. In some cases, fire - proof clothing typically includes aramid fibers (e.g., heat - resistant fibers) with high strength and fire - resistance, which are used in the fabric for manufacturing fire - proof clothing. Some conventional fire - proof fabrics use a woven fabric containing about 40% to 70% para - aramid fibers and about 10% to about 40% meta - aramid fibers as the outer shell woven fabric for firefighters' fire - proof clothing. Other conventional fire - proof clothing uses a fabric made from yarns containing 50 to 80 (wt%) meta - aramid fibers and 0 to 5 (wt%) para - aramid fibers as a fabric suitable for fire - proofing. However, conventional fire - proof fabrics use aramid fibers at a high blend ratio. The high blend ratio of aramid fibers leads to an increase in product price and thus hinders the popularization of safety products. Additionally, conventional fire - proof fabrics cannot achieve an effectiveness level that ensures the safety of the personnel using the fire - proof clothing. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Exemplary embodiments of the disclosed fireproof materials for wearable devices, personal protective equipment, fire protection of lithium-ion batteries, and general fire protection relate to creating a combination of fireproof materials (a fireproof housing). The fireproof housing is used to create different types of wearable devices and personal protective equipment for workers at high risk of direct exposure to flames and high temperatures (e.g., firefighters, stunt professionals, metal and foundry workers, race car drivers, etc.). Additionally, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein can also be used in the electric vehicle (EV) industry, aerospace, construction, and other industries and applications.

[0008] In various exemplary embodiments, the fireproof housing disclosed herein can be used in various applications, including:

[0009] · Fireproof enclosures for lithium batteries (e.g., for electric vehicles, electric transport ships, aircraft, energy storage, battery storage and recycling, etc.) and high-temperature furnaces (smelting, melting, metal forming, fire protection test sites, etc.); (see Figure 27 and Figure 28 )

[0010] · Fireproof solutions for walls, doors, etc. in the construction industry; (see Figure 30 )

[0011] · The aviation and aerospace industries; (see Figure 29 )

[0012] · Wearable devices and personal protective equipment for workers at high risk of direct exposure to flames and high temperatures (e.g., firefighters, stunt professionals, metal and foundry workers, race car drivers, etc.);

[0013] · Fire and temperature protection wearable devices for military personnel, as well as fire and temperature protection for military machinery and equipment, and weapon boxes and storage; (see Figure 26 ) and

[0014] · Fireproof wrappings for high-voltage lines, utility poles, generator systems, and infrastructure. (see Figure 25 )

[0015] Details of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosed fireproof materials for wearable devices, personal protective equipment, fire protection of lithium-ion batteries, and general fire protection are provided below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In the drawings of the figures, various embodiments are shown by way of example and not limitation, where:

[0017] Figure 1 A legend is shown that depicts each of the five material layers used in the fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiments and associated with the shaded patterns as shown in the subsequent figures;

[0018] Figure 2 Shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, where layers 1, 2, 4, and 5 are cut or otherwise divided into garment patterns;

[0019] Figure 3 Shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, where layer 3 is cut or otherwise divided into individual shaped pieces;

[0020] Figure 4 Shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, where the individual shaped pieces of layer 3 are connected to the pre-cut layer 4 using fasteners such as aramid threads or other fire-resistant fibers;

[0021] Figure 5 Shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, where layer 4 is assembled with the attached layer 3 into a garment by attaching the sides together using fasteners such as aramid threads or other fire-resistant fibers;

[0022] Figure 6 and Figure 7 Shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, where the pre-assembled garment from layer 2 is placed on top of the pre-assembled garment from layers 4 and 3, and the open edges are attached together using fasteners such as aramid threads or other fire-resistant fibers;

[0023] Figure 8 Shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, where the pre-cut layer 1 and an optional moisture-wicking layer are placed edge to edge and sewn together at the overlapping edges into a separate garment, except for the open edges defined for a specific garment;

[0024] Figure 9 Shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, where the un-sewn open edges left in layer 1 and the optional moisture-wicking layer are used to place the pre-assembled garment from layers 2, 3, and 4 into the pre-assembled garment from layer 1 and the optional moisture-wicking layer;

[0025] Figure 10 Shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, where, in the case of making a one-piece (non-separable) garment, the pre-assembled layer 1 and the optional moisture-wicking layer and the pre-assembled layers 2, 3, and 4 are connected to each other using fasteners such as aramid threads or other fire-resistant fibers at all edges (including the open edges);

[0026] Figure 11shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, wherein, in the case of making a separable garment, when the pre-assembled layers 2, 3, and 4 can be removed from the pre-assembled layer 1 and an optional moisture-wicking layer, the pre-assembled layer and the optional moisture-wicking layer, and the pre-assembled layers 2, 3, and 4 are connected to each other only at the opening edges using separable fasteners such as zippers, knobs, hook-and-loop tapes (e.g., Velcro TM tape) or magnets;

[0027] Figure 12 shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, wherein layers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are cut or otherwise divided into predefined shapes;

[0028] Figure 13 shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, wherein layers 2, 3, and 4 are aligned together in the same order and attached along all edges into a single piece using fasteners such as aramid threads or other fire-resistant fibers;

[0029] Figure 14 shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, wherein the single piece is placed in their corresponding positions, since the single piece (with layers 2, 3, and 4) fits together like a Figure 1 puzzle, and attached together on all overlapping edges using fasteners such as aramid threads or other fire-resistant fibers, and assembled into a garment by attaching the sides together with aramid threads or other fire-resistant fibers;

[0030] Figure 15 shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, wherein all four materials are connected together into a single piece;

[0031] Figure 16 shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, wherein all pieces are assembled together to form a garment;

[0032] Figures 17 to 24 shows the method steps of an exemplary embodiment, wherein the fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiment can be made using the manufacturing methods disclosed herein;

[0033] Figures 25 to 30 shows examples of various applications in which the fireproof housing disclosed herein can be used; and

[0034] Figure 31 and 32 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the method as described herein. Detailed Description

[0035] In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.

[0036] In various embodiments described herein, fireproof materials for wearable devices, personal protective equipment, fire protection of lithium-ion batteries, and general fire protection are disclosed. Referring Figure 1 to, a legend is disclosed that identifies the shading patterns associated with each of the five material layers used in an exemplary embodiment of a fireproof material for a wearable device. Additionally, Figure 1 the legend of shows the patterns associated with the sewing, assembly, contour, and edges of the fireproof material for a wearable device. These patterns are shown in the subsequent figures provided herein to illustrate the composition and manufacturing processes used in the exemplary embodiments of the fireproof material for wearable devices disclosed herein. Details of these composition and manufacturing processes used in the exemplary embodiments of the fireproof materials for wearable devices, personal protective equipment, fire protection of lithium-ion batteries, and general fire protection are provided below.

[0037] Composition of the fireproof materials of various exemplary embodiments:

[0038] Referring again to Figure 1 , the fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiment is composed of several layers of materials that are arranged in a specific order and are connected or bonded to each other in a specific manner (or are configured to be bonded to each other in a specific manner). The list and order of the material layers of the exemplary embodiment are listed in Table 1 (see below) from the outside (flame side) to the inside (skin side). In various exemplary embodiments, the layers of the fireproof housing may be arranged as follows:

[0039] 1. Layer one (the layer facing the flame or heat source): See the list of materials used as layer 1 in Tables 1, 2A, and 2B.

[0040] 2. Layer two: See the list of materials used as layer 2 in Tables 1, 2A, and 2B.

[0041] 3. Layer three: See the list of materials used as layer 3 in Tables 1, 2A, and 2B.

[0042] 4. Layer four (optional): See the list of materials used as layer 4 in Tables 1, 2A, and 2B.

[0043] 5. Layer five (optional) - See the list of materials used as layer 5 in Tables 1, 2A, and 2B.

[0044] 6. An adhesive, such as glue (optional) - applied between the layers to fill air voids and bond the layers together: See the list of materials used as glue in Tables 1, 2A, and 2B.

[0045] The composition of these material layers is also listed below as Materials 1 to 7, where Material 1 is the outer material and Material 7 is the skin-side material. Additionally, the exemplary embodiment may optionally include Material 6 used as a moisture-wicking barrier / layer. Each of these material layers is described below, and the layers are associated with the shaded patterns as shown in Figure 1 — the legend.

[0046] As disclosed herein, references to specific materials, definitions, explanations, and detailed descriptions of various acronyms and abbreviations are as follows:

[0047] 1. O-PAN or oxidized O-PAN - oxidized polyacrylonitrile - a synthetic refractory (FR) fiber.

[0048] 2. Para-aramid - para-aramid fiber, a synthetic refractory fiber.

[0049] 3. PTFE - polytetrafluoroethylene - a hydrophobic (water-resistant) material.

[0050] 4. PBI - polybenzimidazole - a synthetic refractory fiber with a particularly high decomposition temperature.

[0051] 5. FR-rayon - rayon treated with refractory (FR) chemicals (rayon is a semi-synthetic fiber made from regenerated cellulose of natural origin, such as wood and related agricultural products - also known as viscose fiber).

[0052] The fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiment disclosed herein can be manufactured in at least two different configurations as described below:

[0053] 1. 4-layer configuration (using all four layers during manufacturing) - See Table 2A; or

[0054] 2. 3-layer configuration (using only Layers 1, 2, and 3 during manufacturing) - See Table 2B.

[0055] For customer comfort, an additional Layer 5 can be added to the 4-layer configuration of the wearable product; however, Layer 5 has no effect on the fire resistance and heat resistance of the fireproof housing and is therefore an optional layer. However, Layer 5 can be part of the manufacturing process and will therefore be described below in connection with the disclosed manufacturing method.

[0056] Manufacturing methods for fireproof materials for various exemplary embodiments with or without adhesives

[0057] Now refer to Figures 2 to 16 , the fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiment can be fabricated using the manufacturing methods disclosed below. When assembled, the fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiment is semi-flexible and does not behave as might be expected of a typical all-fabric-based garment. Thus, conventional clothing or garment manufacturing and sewing techniques are not sufficient to fabricate the fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiment into a wearable fireproof garment. This fabrication problem is solved by designing an armor composed of multiple (e.g., more than 300) individually formed pieces. The multiple pieces are then assembled into a wearable fireproof garment using one or more of the various manufacturing methods described in detail below.

[0058] During the fabrication of the fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiment, different materials can be used as different layers. For a description of the types of layers and material combinations that can be used, see Tables 2A and 2B. To fabricate a wearable garment, Layer Five (towards the skin side of the garment) can be added, which is not a required part of the fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiment and serves as a moisture management and ventilation layer. See Table 1 for materials used as moisture management and ventilation layers.

[0059] When fabricating the fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiment, depending on the specificity of the target application, glue or other adhesives can be added or not added between the layers. The materials and layer configurations described in Tables 2A and 2B can be fabricated with or without the use of glue or other adhesives between the different layers. In the present disclosure, the presence of glue or other adhesives between the layers is denoted by the symbol -(G). For example, various layer configurations using glue or other adhesives can include: 1G2G4G3 (with glue between each layer), 12G4G3 (with glue between two layers), 1G243 (with glue on a single layer), etc. The various configurations of the exemplary embodiment can be fabricated as disclosed herein (see Tables 2A and 2B), but with different glue contents or in the absence of glue or other adhesives.

[0060] Method 1 for assembling the entire wearable fireproof garment of the exemplary embodiment includes the following method steps:

[0061] 1. Cut or otherwise divide Layers 1, 2, 4, and 5 (optional moisture management and ventilation layer) into garment patterns or application-specific parts (see Figure 2 ).

[0062] 2. Cut or otherwise divide Layer 3 into individually formed pieces (see Figure 3 ). Note that the shapes shown in the drawings are illustrative examples and can be fabricated in a variety of different designs using the techniques disclosed herein.

[0063] 3. (Alternative step) Place these pieces and connect or bond them to the pre-cut layer 4 using aramid (e.g., Kevlar or Nomex) threads, or bond them to the pre-cut layer using an adhesive (e.g., glue) (see Figure 4 ), and the adhesive is prepared and applied as a thin layer to these pieces on the side facing layer 4.

[0064] 4. Assemble layer 4 with the attached layer 3 into a garment by attaching the sides together using fasteners such as aramid threads (or other fire-resistant fibers) (see Figure 5 ).

[0065] 5. (Optional step) Prepare an adhesive (e.g., glue) and apply it as a thin layer to the pre-assembled garment from layer 2 on the side facing layers 3 and 4 (to the inside of the layer 2 garment).

[0066] 6. Place the pre-assembled garment from layer 2 on top of the pre-assembled garment from layers 4 and 3, and stitch it using aramid (e.g., Kevlar or Nomex) threads at the opening edges (e.g., wrist openings, neck openings, ankle openings, waistlines or hip lines, and other free-hanging cut edges) (see Figure 6 and Figure 7 ).

[0067] 7. Place the pre-cut layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer edge to edge, and stitch them together at the overlapping edges to form a separate garment, except for the opening edges defined for a specific garment, such as the front zipper and the lower end area of the jacket shown in the figure (see Figure 8 ).

[0068] 8. Leave unstitched opening edges in layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer for placing the pre-assembled garment from layers 2, 3, and 4 into the pre-assembled garment from layers 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer (see Figure 9 ).

[0069] 9. In the case of making a one-piece (non-separable) garment, connect the pre-assembled layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer and the pre-assembled layers 2, 3, and 4 to each other using aramid (e.g., Kevlar or Nomex) threads at all edges (including the opening edges) (see Figure 10 ).

[0070] 10. In the case of making a separable garment, where the pre-assembled layers 2, 3, and 4 can be removed from the pre-assembled layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer, connect the pre-assembled layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer and the pre-assembled layers 2, 3, and 4 to each other only at the opening edges using separable fasteners (such as zippers, buttons, Velcro TM tape, or magnets) (seeFigure 11 )。

[0071] A method 2 for assembling an entire wearable fireproof garment of an exemplary embodiment includes the following method steps:

[0072] 1. Cut or otherwise divide layers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (optional moisture management and ventilation layers) into predefined shapes (see Figure 12 )。

[0073] 2. (Optional step) Prepare an adhesive (e.g., glue) and apply it as a thin layer to either one or both sides of the pieces up to layer 3.

[0074] 3. Align layers 2, 3, and 4 together in the same order and sew them together along all edges into a single piece using aramid (e.g., Kevlar or Nomex) thread (see Figure 13 ). In the case of making a single piece, add layer 1 to the free side of layer 2 and sew it with the same sewing thread.

[0075] 4. Place the single piece in their respective positions, as the single piece (with layers 2, 3, and 4) fits together like a Figure 1 puzzle with each other, and sew them together on all overlapping edges using aramid (e.g., Kevlar or Nomex) thread, and assemble them into a garment by attaching the sides together with fasteners such as aramid thread or other fireproof fibers (see Figure 14 ).

[0076] 5. Place the pre-cut layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer edge to edge together and sew them at the overlapping edges into a separate garment, except for the open edges defined for a specific garment, e.g., the front zipper and the lower end area of the jacket as shown in the figure (see Figure 8 ).

[0077] 6. Leave un-sewn open edges in layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer for placing the pre-assembled garment from layers 2, 3, and 4 into the pre-assembled garment from layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer (see Figure 9 ).

[0078] 7. In the case of making a one-piece (non-detachable) garment, connect the pre-assembled layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer and the pre-assembled layers 2, 3, and 4 to each other at all edges (including the open edges) using aramid (e.g., Kevlar or Nomex) thread (see Figure 10 ).

[0079] 8. In the case of making a separable garment, where the pre-assembled layers 2, 3, and 4 can be removed from the pre-assembled layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer, the pre-assembled layer 1 and the optional layer 5 moisture management and ventilation layer, and the pre-assembled layers 2, 3, and 4 are connected to each other only at the opening edges using separable fasteners (such as zippers, knobs, Velcro TM tape or magnets) (see Figure 11 ).

[0080] The method 3 for assembling the entire wearable fireproof garment of the exemplary embodiment includes the following method steps:

[0081] 1. As Figure 15 shown, all four materials are connected together to form a single piece, with or without an adhesive, between layer 1 and 2, layer 2 and 3, and layer 3 and 4.

[0082] 2. As Figure 16 shown, all these pieces are assembled into a garment.

[0083] Manufacturing methods for three-layer or four-layer fireproof materials of various exemplary embodiments with or without adhesives for non-wearable applications

[0084] Figures 17 to 24 represents an illustrative design. Fireproof materials in both three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) shapes can be manufactured using the described methods.

[0085] Now referring to Figures 17 to 24 , the fireproof housing of the exemplary embodiment can be made using the manufacturing method disclosed below. Figure 17 shows some of the elements used in the exemplary embodiment to make a fireproof housing, which include a matrix cover, a matrix base, and several material layers between the matrix cover and the matrix base. The manufacturing process in the exemplary embodiment includes the following operations.

[0086] 1. Place layer 1 on the base of the matrix, with the side intended to face the flame or heat source facing the inner surface of the base of the matrix (see Figure 18 ).

[0087] 2. (Optional step) Prepare an adhesive (e.g., glue) and apply it as a thin layer to the surface of layer 1 intended to face layer 2.

[0088] 3. Place layer 2 on the surface of layer 1 (see Figure 19 ).

[0089] 4. (Optional step) Prepare an adhesive (e.g., glue) and apply it as a thin layer to the surface of layer 2 intended to face layer 3.

[0090] 5. Place layer 3 on the surface of layer 2 (see Figure 20 ).

[0091] 6. (Optional step in the case of constructing a 4 - layer composite material) Prepare an adhesive (e.g., glue) and apply it as a thin layer to the surface of layer 3 that is intended to face layer 4.

[0092] 7. (Optional step in the case of constructing a 4 - layer composite material) Place layer four on the surface of layer three (see Figure 21 ).

[0093] 8. Place the matrix cover on the surface of layer 3 (or layer 4 in the case of constructing a 4 - layer composite material) and align it with the base of the matrix (see Figure 22 ).

[0094] 9. Fix the matrix cover to the base of the matrix and press them together by any means that can transmit similar forces on each side of the matrix, including different types of clamps, presses, etc. (see Figure 23 - In this case, the clamp is shown in Figure 23 ).

[0095] 10. Hold the matrix fixed and press until the adhesive (e.g., glue) adheres after a predetermined length of time.

[0096] 11. After the adhesive (e.g., glue) has adhered, remove the pressing mechanism and fasteners from the matrix.

[0097] 12. The base of the matrix and the matrix cover are separate.

[0098] 13. Remove the prepared fire - resistant composite material from the base of the matrix (see Figure 24 ).

[0099] 14. Trim the edges of the prepared fire - resistant composite material and attach them with fasteners such as aramid threads or other fire - resistant fibers (see Figure 24 ).

[0100] Figure 31 and 32 shows a process flow diagram that illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method described herein. Refer to Figure 31, Method 1000 for making a fireproof garment according to an exemplary embodiment includes: dividing a first material into garment parts, the first material being a combination of oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and para-aramid fibers (operation block 1010); dividing a second material into garment parts, the second material being a combination of oxidized PAN fibers, flame-retardant rayon (FR-rayon), and para-aramid fibers (operation block 1020); dividing a third material into garment parts, the third material being a combination of silica aerogel and glass fibers, the third material being configured to be combined with the first material or the second material, and the second material being configured to be combined with the first material or the third material (operation block 1030); combining the third material with the first material or the second material (operation block 1040); combining the second material with the first material or the third material (operation block 1050); and assembling the combined materials into a fireproof garment by attaching the sides of the garment parts together with fasteners (operation block 1060).

[0101] Reference Figure 32 , Method 2000 for making a fireproof housing according to an exemplary embodiment includes: placing a first material on a matrix base, the first material being a combination of oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and para-aramid fibers (operation block 2010); placing a second material on the surface of the first material, the second material being a combination of oxidized PAN fibers, flame-retardant rayon (FR-rayon), and para-aramid fibers (operation block 2020); placing a third material on the surface of the second material, the third material being a combination of silica aerogel and glass fibers (operation block 2030); placing a matrix cover on the surface of the third material (operation block 2040); applying pressure to the matrix cover for a predetermined length of time (operation block 2050); removing the matrix base and the matrix cover from the combined first, second, and third materials (operation block 2060); and attaching the sides of the combined first, second, and third materials together with fasteners (operation block 2070).

[0102] Table 1 - Compositions / Materials of Exemplary Embodiments

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] Table 2A - Configurations of Exemplary Embodiments of Compositions and Patterns by Layer Arrangement (4-Layer Composite Material)

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] Table 2B - 3 - layer composite material

[0109] Configuration number Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 No. 25 Material No. 1 Material No. 4 Material No. 1 No. 26 Material No. 1 Material No. 4 Material No. 2 No. 27 Material No. 1 Material No. 4 Material No. 3 No. 28 Material No. 2 Material No. 4 Material No. 1 No. 29 Material No. 2 Material No. 4 Material No. 2 No. 30 Material No. 2 Material No. 4 Material No. 3 No. 31 Material No. 3 Material No. 4 Material No. 1 No. 32 Material No. 3 Material No. 4 Material No. 2 No. 33 Material No. 3 Material No. 4 Material No. 3 No. 34 Material No. 1 Material No. 5 Material No. 1 No. 35 Material No. 1 Material No. 5 Material No. 2 No. 36 Material No. 1 Material No. 5 Material No. 3 No. 37 Material No. 2 Material No. 5 Material No. 1 No. 38 Material No. 2 Material No. 5 Material No. 2 No. 39 Material No. 2 Material No. 5 Material No. 3 No. 40 Material No. 3 Material No. 5 Material No. 1 No. 41 Material No. 3 Material No. 5 Material No. 2 No. 25 Material No. 1 Material No. 4 Material No. 1 No. 42 Material No. 3 Material No. 5 Material No. 3

[0110] The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structures of the various embodiments, and they are not intended to serve as a complete description of all elements and features of the components and systems that may utilize the structures described herein. After reviewing the description provided herein, many other embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Other embodiments can be utilized and derived such that structural and logical substitutions and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The figures herein are merely representative and may not be drawn to scale. Some of the ratios may be exaggerated while others may be minimized. Accordingly, the specification and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative and not restrictive.

[0111] The description herein may include terms such as "upper", "lower", "above", "below", "first", "second", etc., which are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as restrictive. Elements, materials, geometries, dimensions, and operating sequences can all be changed to accommodate a particular application. Parts of some embodiments can be included in parts of other embodiments or replaced by parts of other embodiments. While the foregoing examples of dimensions and ranges are considered to be typical, the various embodiments are not limited to such dimensions or ranges.

[0112] A summary is provided to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. It should be submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

[0113] In the foregoing detailed description, for the purpose of simplifying the present disclosure, various features are combined in a single embodiment. This method of the present disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments have more features than those expressly recited in each claim. Accordingly, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, where each claim stands on its own as a separate embodiment.

[0114] As described herein, fireproof materials for wearable devices, personal protective equipment, fire protection of lithium-ion batteries, and general fire protection are disclosed. Although the disclosed subject matter has been described with reference to several exemplary embodiments, it is understood that the words used are words of description and illustration, not of limitation. Changes may be made within the scope of the appended claims, as presently stated and amended, without departing from the scope and spirit of all aspects of the disclosed subject matter. Although the disclosed subject matter has been described with reference to specific devices, materials, and embodiments, the disclosed subject matter is not intended to be limited to the disclosed details; rather, the subject matter extends to all functionally equivalent structures, methods, and uses such as are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fireproof material, the fireproof material comprises: A first material, the first material being a combination of oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and para-aramid fibers; A second material, the second material being a combination of oxidized PAN fibers, flame-retardant rayon (FR-rayon) and para-aramid fibers; and A third material, the third material being a combination of silica aerogel and glass fibers, the third material being configured to be combined with the first material or the second material, and the second material being configured to be combined with the first material or the third material.

2. The fireproof material according to claim 1, the fireproof material further comprising a fourth material, the fourth material being a combination of oxidized PAN fibers and para-aramid fibers in a composition different from that of the first material, the fourth material being configured to be combined with the first material, the second material or the third material.

3. The fireproof material according to claim 2, the fireproof material further comprising a fifth material, the fifth material being a moisture-wicking fiber, the fifth material being configured to be combined with the fourth material or the third material.

4. The fireproof material according to claim 1, wherein the third material contains iron oxide and aluminum trihydrate.

5. The fireproof material according to claim 1, wherein the first material contains at least 50% oxidized PAN fibers.

6. The fireproof material according to claim 1, wherein the first material contains at least 15% para-aramid fibers.

7. The fireproof material according to claim 1, wherein the second material contains at least 20% FR-rayon.

8. The fireproof material according to claim 1, wherein the third material contains at least 30% amorphous silica and at least 40% glass fibers.

9. The fireproof material according to claim 3, wherein the moisture-wicking fiber is cotton.

10. The fireproof material according to claim 1, wherein the second material is configured to be combined with the first material using an adhesive.

11. A method for manufacturing fireproof clothing, the method comprises: Dividing a first material into clothing parts, the first material being a combination of oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and para-aramid fibers; Dividing a second material into clothing parts, the second material being a combination of oxidized PAN fibers, flame-retardant rayon (FR-rayon) and para-aramid fibers; Dividing a third material into clothing parts, the third material being a combination of silica aerogel and glass fibers, the third material being configured to be combined with the first material or the second material, and the second material being configured to be combined with the first material or the third material; Combining the third material with the first material or the second material; Combining the second material with the first material or the third material; and Assembling the combined materials into fireproof clothing by attaching the sides of the clothing parts together with fasteners.

12. The method according to claim 11, the method further comprising dividing a fourth material into garment parts, the fourth material being a combination of oxidized PAN fibers and para-aramid fibers in a composition different from that of the first material, the fourth material being configured to be combined with the first material, the second material, or the third material.

13. The method according to claim 12, the method further comprising dividing a fifth material into garment parts, the fifth material being moisture-wicking fibers, the fifth material being configured to be combined with the third material or the fourth material.

14. The method according to claim 12, the method further comprising placing the garment part of the second material on top of the garment parts of the combined third material and fourth material, and attaching the opening edges using the fasteners, the opening edges including wrist openings, neck openings, ankle openings, and waistlines or hip lines.

15. The method according to claim 13, the method further comprising placing the garment part of the first material on top of the garment parts of the combined second material, third material, fourth material, and fifth material, and attaching the opening edges using the fasteners, the opening edges including wrist openings, neck openings, ankle openings, and waistlines or hip lines.

16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the fastener is a refractory fiber for sewing the sides of the garment parts.

17. The method according to claim 11, wherein the fastener is a separable fastener, which is of a type selected from the group consisting of zippers, knobs, hook-and-loop tapes, and magnets.

18. A method for making a fireproof housing, the method comprising: placing a first material on a substrate base, the first material being a combination of oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and para-aramid fibers; placing a second material on the surface of the first material, the second material being a combination of oxidized PAN fibers, flame-retardant rayon (FR-rayon), and para-aramid fibers; placing a third material on the surface of the second material, the third material being a combination of silica aerogel and glass fibers; placing a substrate cover on the surface of the third material; applying pressure to the substrate cover for a predetermined length of time; removing the substrate base and the substrate cover from the combined first material, second material, and third material; and attaching the sides of the combined first material, second material, and third material together using fasteners.

19. The method according to claim 18, the method further comprising placing a fourth material on the surface of the third material, the fourth material being a combination of oxidized PAN fibers and para-aramid fibers in a composition different from that of the first material.

20. The method according to claim 18, the method further comprising applying an adhesive between the first material, the second material, and the third material.

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