Epimedium flat plate seedling raising method

Abstract

The invention provides a flat tray seedling raising method for herba epimedii, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The herba epimedii flat plate seedling raising method comprises the steps that a seedling raising flat plate is filled with a seedling raising substrate, herba epimedii seeds are sown and covered with a closed cultivation cover, and the flat plate is placed in a sunshelter for seedling raising. The closed cultivation cover can maintain the humidity and temperature in the seedling growing flat plate, reduce water evaporation and heat loss, create a relatively stable small environment for epimedium seed germination and seedling growth, and facilitate breaking of the dormant state of the seeds, so that the germination rate is increased. The whole seedling raising process is optimized on the basis of closed cultivation cover flat plate seedling raising, good environmental conditions are provided for growth of epimedium seedlings, and seedling emergence quality can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. in flat trays for seedling raising. Background Art

[0002] Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. is a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant of the genus Epimedium in the Berberidaceae family. It has the effects of tonifying the kidney yang, strengthening the tendons and bones, and dispelling wind and dampness. The germination rate of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. seeds is low and the germination is slow. The average germination rate in the natural state is less than 35%. Under suitable conditions, it takes 150 - 180 days from sowing to germination. After sowing, when the seeds are repeatedly dried and imbibed, the seeds will re-enter the dormant state. Therefore, it is very difficult to ensure a full stand of seedlings in one sowing, which severely restricts the improvement of the planting benefit of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.

[0003] According to the characteristics that Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. likes humidity and shade during the germination period and seedling stage, and has a long germination time, attention should be paid to keeping moisture and shading during the seedling raising process, and disinfection and sterilization should be carried out during the long germination process to prevent seed rot. At present, the seedling raising technology of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. is still in the exploratory stage and has not formed a relatively perfect technical system. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient flat tray seedling raising technology for Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. in flat trays for seedling raising, which can significantly improve the germination rate by covering with a smothering cover during the seedling raising process of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for cultivating Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. in flat trays for seedling raising, filling a seedling raising substrate in a seedling raising flat tray, sowing Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. seeds, covering with a smothering cover, and placing it in a shade shed for seedling raising.

[0007] Preferably, the size of the seedling raising flat tray is 50 - 60 cm × 25 - 30 cm, the height is 6 - 10 cm, and the height of the self - contained smothering cover is 18 - 20 cm.

[0008] Preferably, the seedling raising substrate is prepared by mixing 50% - 70% of peat soil, 15% - 25% of perlite, 7% - 13% of organic fertilizer, and 7% - 13% of river sand by volume fraction.

[0009] More preferably, the seedling raising substrate is sprayed with 800 - 1000 - fold liquid of metalaxyl - manganese to disinfect and sterilize, and at the same time, the water content of the substrate is adjusted to 40% - 50%.

[0010] Preferably, before sowing the Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. seeds, they are stored in an artificial climate chamber at a temperature of 4°C, the storage humidity is 65% - 70%, and the storage time is 45 - 90 days.

[0011] Preferably, the Epimedium seeds are soaked and germinated before sowing, washed with clean water, soaked in clean water at 15-25°C for 30-35 minutes, and air-dried for sowing.

[0012] Preferably, the Epimedium seeds are sown from early September to mid-October in autumn, the sowing rate is 0.23-0.34 g / dish, and 0.8-1.0 cm of nursery substrate is covered after sowing.

[0013] Preferably, the shade shed is covered with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 80%-85%.

[0014] Preferably, the Epimedium seeds are sprayed with water once after sowing, and sprayed with water once every 3-4 days during the nursery period until water seeps out from the bottom of the nursery flat plate.

[0015] Preferably, during the Epimedium nursery period, Hymexazol 800-1000 times liquid is sprayed every 14-21 days to prevent the seeds from mildewing; in early November, the shade shed is covered with a plastic film; from mid-April to mid-May of the following year, when the seedling age of the seedlings is 50-60 days and the seedling height reaches 5-6 cm, they are transplanted.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention provides a flat plate nursery method for Epimedium, and by covering a suffocating cover during the nursery process, the germination rate of Epimedium seeds can be significantly improved. The suffocating cover can maintain the humidity and temperature in the nursery flat plate, reduce water evaporation and heat loss, create a relatively stable small environment for seed germination and seedling growth, and is conducive to the seeds breaking the dormant state, thereby improving the germination rate.

[0018] The present invention also optimizes the entire nursery process based on the flat plate nursery with a suffocating cover, provides good environmental conditions for the growth of Epimedium seedlings, and is conducive to improving the emergence quality. Specific embodiments

[0019] The present invention provides a flat plate nursery method for Epimedium, fills the nursery substrate in the nursery flat plate, sows Epimedium seeds, covers a suffocating cover, and places it in a shade shed for nursery.

[0020] The preferred size of the seedling-raising flat tray in the present invention is 50 - 60 cm × 25 - 30 cm, and the height is 6 - 10 cm, more preferably 54 cm × 28 cm, and the height is 8 cm; the preferred height of the self-contained humidity-keeping cover is 18 - 20 cm, more preferably 19 cm. The appropriate size of the seedling-raising flat tray can provide a suitable space, ensure that there is enough growth space for Epimedium seeds, and at the same time facilitate management and operation. The humidity-keeping cover can maintain the humidity and temperature in the seedling-raising flat tray, reduce water evaporation and heat loss, create a relatively stable small environment for the germination of Epimedium seeds and the growth of seedlings, and is beneficial to improving the germination rate of seeds and the growth quality of seedlings.

[0021] The preferred seedling-raising substrate in the present invention is prepared by mixing 50% - 70% of peat soil, 15% - 25% of perlite, 7% - 13% of organic fertilizer, and 7% - 13% of river sand by volume fraction, and more preferably by mixing 60% of peat soil, 20% of perlite, 10% of organic fertilizer, and 10% of river sand. Peat soil has good water retention and air permeability, and can provide water and air for seeds and seedlings; perlite can increase the air permeability and drainage of the substrate, and prevent waterlogging from causing the seeds and seedlings to rot; organic fertilizer can provide nutrients to meet the nutritional needs of seed germination and seedling growth; river sand can improve the structure of the substrate, increase its air permeability and drainage. The mixed substrate of the present invention combines the advantages of various materials and provides good soil conditions for Epimedium seedling raising. The present invention has no special limitation on the raw material sources of the mixed substrate, and it can be obtained through market channels.

[0022] The preferred seedling-raising substrate in the present invention is sprayed with 800 - 1000 times of liquid of metalaxyl-M for disinfection and sterilization, more preferably 900 times of liquid, and at the same time, the water content of the substrate is adjusted to 40% - 50%, more preferably 45%. Metalaxyl-M can kill the germs and fungi in the substrate, prevent Epimedium seeds and seedlings from being invaded by diseases, and improve the success rate of seedling raising; adjusting the water content of the substrate within a suitable range can ensure that Epimedium seeds can absorb enough water, and at the same time will not cause rot or hypoxia due to excessive water.

[0023] Before sowing Epimedium seeds in the present invention, they are preferably stored in an artificial climate chamber at a temperature of 4°C, the storage humidity is 65% - 70%, more preferably 68%, and the storage time is 45 - 90 days, more preferably 70 days. The low temperature of 4°C can reduce the metabolic activity of Epimedium seeds, delay the senescence of seeds, and maintain the vitality of seeds; the appropriate humidity can prevent the seeds from losing too much water or getting damp and moldy; storing for a certain period of time can allow the seeds to complete some physiological changes in a suitable environment, which is beneficial to improving the germination rate. More preferably, the harvested Epimedium seeds are gently rubbed to remove the pericarp, and after being cleaned and selected, they are put into a mesh bag and dried in the shade. During the drying process in the shade, direct sunlight and high temperature should be avoided, and they should be stored while being harvested.

[0024] The present invention preferably presoaks and germinates Epimedium seeds before sowing, washes them with clean water, and further preferably washes them 3-4 times, soaks them in clean water at 15-25°C for 30-35 minutes, and further preferably soaks them in clean water at 20°C for 30 minutes, then dries them for sowing. Soaking the seeds at an appropriate temperature can promote the seeds to absorb water, break the dormant state of the seeds, and improve the germination rate and germination speed of the seeds.

[0025] The present invention preferably sows Epimedium seeds from early September to mid-October in autumn, and further preferably sows them from late September to early October; the preferred seeding rate is 0.23-0.34 g / dish, and further preferably 0.3 g / dish; preferably, a 0.8-1.0 cm seedling-raising substrate is covered after sowing. The environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity from early September to mid-October are relatively suitable for the germination of Epimedium seeds and the growth of seedlings. An appropriate seeding rate can ensure that the seedlings have sufficient growth space, avoid intense competition due to excessive density, affect the growth quality of the seedlings, and at the same time can make full use of the space of the seedling-raising flat dish to improve the seedling-raising efficiency.

[0026] The present invention preferably covers the shade shed with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 80%-85%. The sunshade net can prevent the Epimedium seedlings from being directly irradiated by strong light, prevent the seedlings from being burned, and at the same time can adjust the light intensity to meet the growth needs of the seedlings; further preferably, the shed height is 1.8-2 m, and a seedling-raising rack with a height of 1-1.2 m is placed in the shed to increase the seedling-raising scale.

[0027] The present invention preferably sprays water once after sowing Epimedium seeds, and sprays water once every 3-4 days during the seedling-raising period until water seeps out from the bottom of the seedling-raising flat dish. Spraying water after sowing can provide initial moisture for the Epimedium seeds to ensure that the seeds can germinate smoothly, and regularly spraying water during the seedling-raising period can maintain the humidity of the substrate to meet the germination of Epimedium seeds and the growth needs of the seedlings.

[0028] The present invention preferably sprays 800-1000 times the solution of metalaxyl-M to prevent the seeds from mildewing every 14-21 days during the Epimedium seedling-raising period, and further preferably sprays 900 times the solution of metalaxyl-M once every 15 days; in early November, the shade shed is covered with a plastic film to play a role in winter insulation; from mid-April to mid-May of the next year, when the seedling age of the seedlings is 50-60 days and the seedling height reaches 5-6 cm, they are transplanted.

[0029] The following combines examples to elaborate in detail on the technical solutions provided by the present invention, but they cannot be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A method for flat-dish seedling raising of Epimedium is as follows:

[0032] (1) Seed preservation

[0033] Gently rub the harvested seeds to remove the pericarp, load them into a mesh bag after cleaning and air-dry them in the shade. During the air-drying process, avoid direct sunlight and high temperatures. Harvest and store the seeds simultaneously, and store them in an artificial climate chamber at a temperature of 4°C, with the humidity set at 65%, for 45 days.

[0034] (2) Selection of seedling trays

[0035] Select a flat tray with a size of 50 cm × 25 cm and a height of 6 cm, equipped with a humidity dome. The specifications of the humidity dome are 50 cm × 25 cm × 18 cm.

[0036] (3) Construction of the shade house

[0037] Construct a shade house with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 80%. The height of the shed is 1.8 m, and a seedling rack with a height of 1.0 m is placed inside the shed.

[0038] (4) Preparation of the substrate

[0039] Prepare the seedling substrate according to the ratio: 50% peat soil, 25% perlite, 12% organic fertilizer, and 13% river sand. Spray 800 times the solution of metalaxyl-M and stir well. At the same time, adjust the moisture content of the substrate to 40%.

[0040] (5) Seed treatment

[0041] Wash the mature and healthy seeds 3 times in clean water, then soak them in clean water at 15°C for 35 minutes. After soaking, take out the seeds and let them dry on the surface, and prepare for sowing.

[0042] (6) Sowing in the flat tray

[0043] Sowing is carried out in early September in autumn. Load the previously prepared seedling substrate into the flat tray and gently compact it. Place the flat trays filled with the substrate neatly on the seedbed in the shade house. Evenly scatter the Epimedium seeds on the surface of the substrate, with a seeding rate of 0.23 g / tray. After sowing, cover the substrate with 0.8 cm. After sowing is completed, spray water atomically until water seeps out from the bottom of the flat tray.

[0044] (7) Management after sowing

[0045] Place the sown seedling flat trays on the seedbed in the shade house, then spray water atomically every 3 days until water seeps out from the bottom of the flat tray. Spray 800 times the solution of metalaxyl-M every 15 days to prevent the seeds from mildewing. Cover the shade house with a plastic film in early November to play a role in winter insulation. After normal overwintering, the seedlings emerge in mid-April of the following year. When the seedlings grow in the flat tray for 50 days and the seedling height reaches 5 - 6 cm, they can reach the transplanting standard.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] (1) Seed storage

[0048] Gently rub the harvested seeds to remove the pericarp, load them into a mesh bag for air-drying after cleaning and selection. During the air-drying process, avoid direct sunlight and high temperature. This is the second step of seed harvesting. The seeds are stored in an artificial climate chamber at a temperature of 4°C, with the humidity set at 68%, and the storage time is 70 days.

[0049] (2) Selection of seedling trays

[0050] Select a flat tray with a size of 54 cm × 28 cm and a height of 8 cm, equipped with a humidity dome. The specifications of the humidity dome are 54 cm × 28 cm × 19 cm.

[0051] (3) Construction of the shade shed

[0052] Build a shade shed with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 82.5%. The height of the shed is 1.9 m, and a seedling rack with a height of 1.1 m is placed inside the shed.

[0053] (4) Preparation of the substrate

[0054] Prepare the seedling substrate according to the ratio: 60% peat soil, 20% perlite, 10% organic fertilizer, and 10% river sand. Spray 900 times the solution of metalaxyl-M and stir well. At the same time, adjust the moisture content of the substrate to 45%.

[0055] (5) Seed treatment

[0056] Wash the mature and healthy seeds 4 times in clean water, then soak them in clean water at 20°C for 30 minutes. After soaking, take out the seeds and let them dry on the surface. Prepare for sowing.

[0057] (6) Sowing in the flat tray

[0058] Sowing is carried out in late September in autumn. Fill the previously prepared seedling substrate into the flat tray and gently compact it. Place the flat trays filled with the substrate neatly on the seedbed in the shade shed. Evenly scatter the Epimedium seeds on the surface of the substrate, with a seeding rate of 0.3 g / tray. After sowing, cover the substrate with 0.9 cm. After sowing is completed, spray water atomically until water seeps out from the bottom of the flat tray.

[0059] (7) Management after sowing

[0060] Place the sown seedling flat trays on the seedbed in the shade shed, then spray water atomically every 4 days until water seeps out from the bottom of the flat tray. Spray 900 times the solution of metalaxyl-M every 15 days to prevent the seeds from mildewing. In early November, take the second step on the shade shed. Cover the shade shed with a plastic film to play a role in keeping warm in winter. After normal overwintering, seedlings emerge from late April to early May of the following year. The seedlings grow in the flat tray for 55 days. When the seedling height reaches 5 - 6 cm, it meets the transplanting standard.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] (1) Seed storage

[0063] Gently rub the harvested seeds to remove the pericarp. After cleaning and selecting, put them into a mesh bag and air-dry in the shade. During the air-drying process, avoid direct sunlight and high temperature. Harvest and store the seeds immediately, and store them in an artificial climate chamber at a temperature of 4°C with a humidity setting of 70% for 90 days.

[0064] (2) Selection of seedling trays

[0065] Select a flat tray with a size of 60 cm × 30 cm and a height of 10 cm, with a humidity cover. The specifications of the humidity cover are 60 cm × 30 cm × 20 cm.

[0066] (3) Construction of shade shed

[0067] Build a shade shed with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 85%. The height of the shed is 2.0 m, and a 1.2 m high seedling-raising step is placed inside the shed. Place a 1.2 m high seedling-raising rack inside the shade shed.

[0068] (4) Preparation of substrate

[0069] Prepare the seedling-raising substrate according to the ratio: 70% peat soil, 15% perlite, 8% organic fertilizer, and 7% river sand. Spray 1000-fold solution of metalaxyl-M and stir well. At the same time, adjust the moisture content of the substrate to 50%.

[0070] (5) Seed treatment

[0071] Wash the mature and healthy seeds 4 times in clean water, then soak them in clean water at 25°C for 32 minutes. After soaking, take out the seeds and dry the water on the surface of the seeds, and prepare for sowing.

[0072] (6) Sowing in flat trays

[0073] Sowing is carried out in mid-October in autumn. Fill the previously prepared seedling-raising substrate into the flat tray and gently compact it. The flat trays filled with the substrate are neatly placed on the seedbed inside the shade shed. Evenly spread the Epimedium seeds on the surface of the substrate, with a seeding rate of 0.34 g / tray. After sowing, cover 1.0 cm of substrate. After sowing, spray water atomically until water seeps out from the bottom of the flat tray.

[0074] (7) Management after sowing

[0075] Place the sown and placed seedling-raising flat trays on the seedbed inside the shade shed, then spray water atomically every 4 days until water seeps out from the bottom of the flat tray. Spray 1000-fold solution of metalaxyl-M every 15 days to prevent the seeds from mildewing. Cover the shade shed with a plastic film in early November to play a role in winter insulation. After normal overwintering, the seedlings emerge in mid-May of the following year. The seedlings grow in the flat tray for 60 days. When the seedling height reaches 5-6 cm, it can reach the transplanting standard.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] Effect of Enclosed Cultivation Cover Flat Plate Seedling Raising on the Germination Rate of Epimedium brevicornu

[0078] I. Test Materials

[0079] The seeds of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. harvested in 2023 from Longxi were selected as test materials.

[0080] II. Test Methods

[0081] This test adopted a single-factor experimental design, with 3 replicates and a total of 2 treatments, namely flat plates with enclosed cultivation covers and flat plates without enclosed cultivation covers. After the harvested seeds were cleaned and selected, they were rinsed with clean water 5 times. A seedling tray with dimensions of 54 cm × 28 cm and a height of 8 cm was used, and the seeding rate per tray was 200 seeds. The treated Epimedium brevicornu seeds were evenly sown into the seedling trays. After sowing, 1 cm of seedling substrate was covered.

[0082] III. Management after Sowing

[0083] The sown seedling trays were placed on the seedbed in the shade shed, and then atomized water was sprayed every 3 days until water seeped out from the bottom of the flat plate. Metalaxyl-M 1000-fold solution was sprayed every 15 days to prevent the seeds from mildewing.

[0084] IV. Results and Analysis

[0085] As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rate of Epimedium brevicornu seeds treated with an enclosed cultivation cover was 75.9%, and the germination rate of Epimedium brevicornu seeds without an enclosed cultivation cover was 44.2%. The germination rate of Epimedium brevicornu seeds treated with an enclosed cultivation cover was significantly higher than that without an enclosed cultivation cover.

[0086] Table 1 Germination Rates of Epimedium brevicornu Seeds under Different Treatments

[0087] Processing Germination rate (%) With a humidity dome 75.9±3.06a Without a humidity dome 44.2±6.26b

[0088] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing epimedium seedlings in a flat tray, characterized in that: Fill the seedling tray with seedling medium, sow epimedium seeds, cover with a cover, and place in a shade shed for seedling cultivation.

2. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling raising plate has a size of 50-60cm×25-30cm and a height of 6-10cm, and a self-contained airtight raising cover with a height of 18-20cm.

3. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling culture medium is prepared by mixing 50%-70% of peat soil, 15%-25% of perlite, 7%-13% of organic fertilizer and 7%-13% of river sand according to volume fraction.

4. The seedling raising method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The seedling culture medium is sprayed with 800-1000 times dilution of metalaxyl for disinfection and sterilization, and the water content of the medium is adjusted to 40%-50%.

5. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before sowing, the epimedium seeds are stored in an artificial climate box at a temperature of 4° C., a storage humidity of 65%-70%, and a storage time of 45-90 days.

6. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The epimedium seeds are soaked for germination before sowing, washed with clean water, soaked in 15-25° C. clean water for 30-35 minutes, and dried for sowing.

7. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The epimedium seeds are sown in autumn from early September to mid-October, with a sowing amount of 0.23-0.34 g / tray, and covered with a 0.8-1.0 cm seedling medium after sowing.

8. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shade shed is covered with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 80%-85%.

9. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The epimedium seeds are sprayed with water once after sowing and once every 3-4 days during the seedling raising period, and the amount of water sprayed is enough to seep out from the bottom of the seedling raising plate.

10. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the epimedium seedling raising period, 800-1000 times solution of metalaxyl is sprayed every 14-21 days to prevent the seeds from getting moldy; the shade shed is covered with plastic film in early November; from mid-April to mid-May of the following year, the seedlings are transplanted when they are 50-60 days old and the seedling height reaches 5-6 cm.