Yunlong grouper juvenile fish feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fish feeds, and discloses a juvenile fish feed for Epinephelus yunguensis, the juvenile fish feed for Epinephelus yunguensis comprises a yeast culture, and based on the total weight of the juvenile fish feed for Epinephelus yunguensis, the content of the yeast culture is 5-20wt%. According to the juvenile grouper feed disclosed by the invention, the dosage of the fish meal is reduced, so that the cost of the juvenile grouper feed can be reduced, and the juvenile grouper feed has the beneficial effects of promoting digestion and absorption of the juvenile grouper, reducing the liver-to-body ratio, improving the oxidation resistance, promoting development of intestinal tracts and absorption of nutrient substances, increasing the content of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tracts and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fish feed, and particularly to a feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus Background Art

[0002] Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus is a new variety cultivated by using Epinephelus moara as the female parent and Epinephelus lanceolatus as the male parent. Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus has a wide temperature adaptation range and can survive within the range of 8 - 37°C. The water temperature required for cultivation is about 18°C, which is lower than the 25°C water temperature required for the cultivation of general groupers. This can reduce the cost of cultivation heating and can also be cultivated in northern regions. Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus has a fast growth rate. After 8 - 10 months of cultivation, the weight can reach more than one catty, and after two years of cultivation, the weight can reach more than 6 catties. Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus has strong disease resistance and can be cultivated under conditions such as high-density industrialized cultivation ponds, high-level ponds, and fish rafts.

[0003] Groupers are carnivorous marine cultured fish and have a relatively high demand for protein, especially juvenile groupers have a higher demand for protein to promote the rapid growth and development of juveniles. However, for different grouper species, different growth and development stages of the same species, and different cultivation modes, the nutritional requirements of groupers for protein are different. At present, the feed for groupers is mainly used for the cultivation of Epinephelus lanceolatus, Humpback grouper, Epinephelus moara, etc. The fish meal dosage in the feed is high, the cost is high, and the pertinence is low. There is no special feed for Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of high fish meal dosage and high feed cost in the prior art, and provide a feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus, characterized in that the feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus includes yeast culture.

[0006] Wherein, based on the total weight of the feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus, the content of yeast culture is 5 - 20% by weight.

[0007] Through the above technical solution, the present invention can at least obtain the following beneficial effects:

[0008] (1) The feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara × Epinephelus lanceolatus of the present invention reduces the fish meal dosage, thereby reducing the feed cost of groupers.

[0009] (2) The juvenile Epinephelus moara feed of the present invention can promote the digestion and absorption of juvenile Epinephelus moara, reduce the hepatosomatic index, improve the antioxidant capacity, promote the development of the intestine and the absorption of nutrients, increase the content of beneficial intestinal bacteria, making the Epinephelus moara healthier. Moreover, during the feed processing process, risks such as excessive or insufficient dosage and uneven mixing caused by the use of additives can be avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of feed conversion rate.

[0011] Figure 2 It is a comparison chart of the weight gain rate of juvenile Epinephelus moara.

[0012] Figure 3 It is a comparison chart of the condition factor of juvenile Epinephelus moara.

[0013] Figure 4 It is a comparison chart of the hepatosomatic index of juvenile Epinephelus moara.

[0014] Figure 5 It is a comparison chart of the content of aspartate aminotransferase in the serum of Epinephelus moara.

[0015] Figure 6 It is a comparison chart of the content of alanine aminotransferase in the serum of Epinephelus moara.

[0016] Figure 7 It is a comparison chart of the content of malondialdehyde in the serum of Epinephelus moara. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] In the ranges disclosed herein, the endpoints and any values are not limited to the exact ranges or values, and these ranges or values should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, between the endpoint values of each range, between the endpoint values of each range and individual point values, and between individual point values, they can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, and these numerical ranges should be regarded as specifically disclosed herein.

[0018] The following provides a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of illustration and explanation of the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0019] The present invention provides a juvenile Epinephelus moara feed, characterized in that the juvenile Epinephelus moara feed includes yeast culture; wherein, based on the total weight of the juvenile Epinephelus moara feed, the content of yeast culture is 5-20% by weight.

[0020] In the present invention, the selling price of the yeast culture is much lower than that of fish meal. The price of commercially available white fish meal is 13,000-15,000 yuan / ton, while the price of commercially available yeast culture is 3,000-500 yuan / ton.

[0021] In the present invention, based on the total weight of the juvenile Epinephelus moara feed, the content of the yeast culture is 12-15% by weight.

[0022] In the present invention, the yeast culture includes protein, mannan, acid-soluble protein and nucleotide.

[0023] In the present invention, based on the total weight of the yeast culture, the content of protein is 45-55% by weight, the content of mannan is 8-12% by weight, the content of acid-soluble protein is 18-25% by weight, and the content of nucleotide is 2-3% by weight.

[0024] In the present invention, the juvenile Epinephelus moara feed further includes fish meal, corn gluten meal, Antarctic krill meal, corn starch, lecithin, fish oil, dimethyl-β-propiothetin, mineral mixture, vitamin mixture, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, vitamin C, astaxanthin, yttrium oxide and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.

[0025] In the present invention, based on the total weight of the juvenile Epinephelus moara feed, in the juvenile Epinephelus moara feed, the content of fish meal is 35-47% by weight, the content of corn gluten meal is 8-13% by weight, the content of Antarctic krill meal is 8-13% by weight, the content of corn starch is 15-20% by weight, the content of lecithin is 2-5% by weight, the content of fish oil is 4-7% by weight, the content of dimethyl-β-propiothetin is 0.1-1% by weight, the content of mineral mixture is 1-2% by weight, the content of vitamin mixture is 0.5-1% by weight, the content of calcium dihydrogen phosphate is 1-2% by weight, the content of choline chloride is 0.3-1% by weight, the content of vitamin C is 0.4-1% by weight, the content of astaxanthin is 0.01-0.1% by weight, the content of yttrium oxide is 0.1-1% by weight, and the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol is 0.02-0.1% by weight.

[0026] In the present invention, the mineral mixture includes ferrous sulfate, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride, calcium iodate, sodium selenite and zeolite powder.

[0027] In the present invention, preferably, based on the total weight of the mineral mixture, in the mineral mixture, the content of ferrous sulfate is 9-13% by weight, the content of sodium chloride is 8-14% by weight, the content of magnesium sulfate is 2-7% by weight, the content of zinc sulfate is 2-6% by weight, the content of manganese sulfate is 0.5-1.5% by weight, the content of copper sulfate is 0.1-1% by weight, the content of cobalt chloride is 0.01-0.1% by weight, the content of calcium iodate is 0.01-0.1% by weight, the content of sodium selenite is 0.01-0.1% by weight, and the content of zeolite powder is 50-70% by weight; more preferably, based on the total weight of the mineral mixture, the content of ferrous sulfate is 11.27% by weight, the content of sodium chloride is 10% by weight, the content of magnesium sulfate is 5% by weight, the content of zinc sulfate is 4.52% by weight, the content of manganese sulfate is 0.93% by weight, the content of copper sulfate is 0.37% by weight, the content of cobalt chloride is 0.04% by weight, the content of calcium iodate is 0.03% by weight, the content of sodium selenite is 0.01% by weight, and the content of zeolite powder is 67.83% by weight.

[0028] In the present invention, the vitamin mixture includes thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, vitamin K3, inositol, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and wheat middlings.

[0029] In the present invention, preferably, based on the total weight of the vitamin mixture, in the vitamin mixture, the content of thiamine is 0.1-0.5% by weight, the content of riboflavin is 0.2-0.8% by weight, the content of vitamin B6 is 0.1-0.5% by weight, the content of vitamin B12 is 0.001-0.005% by weight, the content of biotin is 0.01-0.05% by weight, the content of vitamin K3 is 0.05-0.3% by weight, the content of inositol is 0.1-2% by weight, the content of pantothenic acid is 0.1-1% by weight, the content of niacin is 1-4% by weight, the content of folic acid is 0.1-0.5% by weight, the content of vitamin A is 0.1-0.5% by weight, the content of vitamin D is 0.01-0.1% by weight, the content of vitamin E is 0.8-3% by weight, and the content of wheat middlings is 70-90% by weight; more preferably, based on the total weight of the vitamin mixture, the content of thiamine is 0.25% by weight, the content of riboflavin is 0.45% by weight, the content of vitamin B6 is 0.20% by weight, the content of vitamin B12 is 0.001% by weight, the content of biotin is 0.012% by weight, the content of vitamin K3 is 0.10% by weight, the content of inositol is 0.80% by weight, the content of pantothenic acid is 0.60% by weight, the content of niacin is 2% by weight, the content of folic acid is 0.20% by weight, the content of vitamin A is 0.32% by weight, the content of vitamin D is 0.05% by weight, the content of vitamin E is 1.2% by weight, and the content of wheat middlings is 86.617% by weight.

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below through examples. For those not specifying specific conditions in the following examples and comparative examples, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. For reagents or instruments without indicating the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial channels.

[0031] Examples 1-3

[0032] Mix each substance according to the ratio in Table 1 to prepare juvenile Epinephelus moara feeds, and add 5% (YP5), 10% (YP10), and 15% (YP15) of yeast culture to the feeds respectively. The nutrient levels are shown in Table 2.

[0033] Table 1 Composition of juvenile Epinephelus moara feed (dry matter basis) %

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] Table 2 Nutrient levels of juvenile Epinephelus moara feed (dry matter basis) %

[0037] Item YP5 YP10 YP10 Moisture 3.57 3.89 4.14 Crude Protein 48.95 48.85 48.76 Crude Fat 9.00 9.12 9.24 Ash 12.36 12.16 11.96

[0038] Comparative Examples 1-2

[0039] Mix each substance according to the ratio in Table 3 to prepare the juvenile Epinephelus moara feed, and add 0 wt% (CON) as the control group and 30 wt% (YP30) of yeast culture to the feed respectively. The nutrient levels are shown in Table 4.

[0040] Table 3 Composition of juvenile Epinephelus moara feed (dry matter basis) %

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] Table 4 Nutrient levels of juvenile Epinephelus moara feed (dry matter basis) %

[0044] Item CON YP30 Moisture 4.05 4.97 Crude Protein 49.18 48.45 Crude Fat 10.75 9.23 Ash 12.70 11.23

[0045] Test Example

[0046] (1) Experimental fish and aquaculture management

[0047] Before the experiment began, all juvenile Epinephelus moara were placed in a culture barrel for a 1-week acclimation experiment to enable the Epinephelus moara to adapt to the experimental aquaculture conditions. Before the start of the aquaculture experiment, feed was withheld for 24 h, and juvenile Epinephelus moara with uniform size, strong build, and no disease on the body surface (initial weight 5 g - 50 g) were selected for weighing. Then, the fish were randomly placed into 25 culture barrels (5 treatment groups, 5 replicates per treatment), with 20 fish in each barrel. The juvenile Epinephelus moara feed prepared by the present invention was fed twice a day (7:00 and 18:00) to satiation, and the amount of residual feed was recorded for calculating the feed utilization efficiency. The aquaculture experiment period was 8 weeks. During the aquaculture period, natural light was used, and the water was flowing. The water temperature was 23 - 28 °C, the pH was 7.5 - 8.5, and the dissolved oxygen was 7 - 8 mg / L.

[0048] (2) Sample collection and biochemical analysis

[0049] Before the experiment, 10 juvenile groupers were randomly selected as the initial fish for the analysis of the general components of the fish body. During the experiment, feces were collected by the siphon method for the analysis of apparent digestibility. After the experiment, feeding was stopped for 12 h, the total weight of the fish in each bucket was weighed separately, the number of fish tails was recorded, and the average weight of the fish in each bucket was calculated. Three fish were randomly selected from each bucket, and blood was taken from each fish. The blood was taken from the caudal vein. The blood samples were placed at 4 °C and allowed to stand for 3 h, centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 10 min, and the upper serum was taken and stored in liquid nitrogen. After dissecting the fish, samples of the intestine, liver, and muscle from the same part were collected. Then, the midgut was taken and fixed with fixative for subsequent intestinal tissue section analysis. Samples of the midgut, liver, and muscle were immediately placed in liquid nitrogen and then transferred to an -80 °C refrigerator for storage for later use. After sampling, two whole fish were randomly selected from each bucket and placed at -20 °C for later use for the analysis of body composition and the calculation of hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, and condition factor.

[0050] (3) Statistical analysis of data

[0051] All data were expressed as mean ± standard error. One-way analysis of variance was performed using SPSS 22.0. When P < 0.05, it indicated that there were differences among different treatments, and then Turkey multiple comparisons were carried out.

[0052] (4) Test results

[0053] The results of the amino acid composition of the feed are shown in Table 5. With the increase in the addition amount of yeast culture, the contents of taurine and methionine in the feed decreased significantly, the contents of lysine, histidine, and arginine decreased slightly, and the content of leucine increased slightly. The results of the fatty acid composition of the feed are shown in Table 6. With the increase in the addition amount of yeast culture, the contents of C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, and C20:3n-3 in the feed gradually increased, while the contents of C18:3n-6, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 gradually decreased, which was similar to the fatty acid composition in the yeast culture.

[0054] It can be seen from Figure 1 - 4 that there were no significant differences in feed conversion rate and condition factor among the control group, 5% group, 10% group, 15% group, and 30% group. There were no significant differences in weight gain rate among the control group, 5% group, and 10% group. The specific growth rate of the 15% group was the highest, but the weight gain rate of the 30% group was significantly lower than that of the control group and the 15% group. The hepatosomatic indices of the 5% group, 10% group, and 15% group were all lower than that of the control group, and the 15% group was significantly lower than the control group. The health status of groupers in the 15% group was the best, but the hepatosomatic index of the 30% group was higher than that of the control group, indicating that too high an addition amount of yeast culture was not beneficial to the health of the fish.

[0055] It can be seen from Figure 5 - 7It can be seen that as the proportion of yeast protein replacing fish meal increases, the aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the serum of groupers show an upward trend, while malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation product) shows a downward trend. This indicates that adding yeast culture can improve the antioxidant capacity of groupers.

[0056] As can be seen from Table 7, adding yeast culture can improve the diversity and richness of the intestinal flora. As the proportion of yeast protein replacing fish meal increases, the content of Enterococcus (a probiotic genus) shows an upward trend, while the content of Photobacterium (a pathogenic bacterium genus) shows a downward trend. This indicates that adding yeast protein can improve the intestinal flora.

[0057] As can be seen from Table 8, as the addition amount of yeast culture increases, the number of intestinal villi first increases and then decreases, reaching the highest in the 15% group. The number of goblet cells increases with the increase of the yeast protein proportion, reaching the highest in the 30% group. The above results indicate that yeast protein can promote the development of the intestine and the absorption of nutrients.

[0058] Table 5 Amino acid composition of experimental diets (dry matter basis)

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Table 6 Fatty acid composition of experimental diets (%)

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Table 7 Bacteria with the top 15 abundances at the genus level

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Table 8 Number of intestinal villi and goblet cells

[0068]

[0069] Among them, in Tables 7 and 8, as well as Figure 2 、 4 、6 and 7, "a", "b", "c", "ab" and "bc" themselves do not represent any meaning. The overlap of letters between two different groups indicates no significant difference. For example, there is an overlap between "a" and "ab". The non - overlap of letters between different groups indicates a significant difference, such as the non - overlap between "a" and "b".

[0070] Through Examples 1-3, Tables 1-8 and Figure 1 - 7 It can be seen that the juvenile Epinephelus moara feed of the present invention can promote the digestion and absorption of juvenile Epinephelus moara, reduce the hepatosomatic index, improve the antioxidant capacity, promote the development of the intestine and the absorption of nutrients, and increase the content of beneficial intestinal bacteria, making Epinephelus moara healthier.

[0071] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention. These include combinations of each specific technical feature in any suitable manner. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not separately describe various possible combination methods. However, these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara, characterized in that, the feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara includes yeast culture; wherein, based on the total weight of the feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara, the content of yeast culture is 5-20% by weight.

2. The feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara according to claim 1, wherein, based on the total weight of the feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara, the content of yeast culture is 12-15% by weight.

3. The feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the yeast culture includes protein, mannan, acid-soluble protein and nucleotide.

4. The feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara according to claim 3, wherein, based on the total weight of the yeast culture, the content of protein is 45-55% by weight, the content of mannan is 8-12% by weight, the content of acid-soluble protein is 18-25% by weight, and the content of nucleotide is 2-3% by weight.

5. The feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, the feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara further includes fish meal, corn gluten meal, Antarctic krill meal, corn starch, lecithin, fish oil, dimethyl-β-propiothetin, mineral mixture, vitamin mixture, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, vitamin C, astaxanthin, yttrium oxide and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.

6. The feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara according to claim 5, wherein, based on the total weight of the feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara, the content of fish meal is 35-47% by weight, the content of corn gluten meal is 8-13% by weight, the content of Antarctic krill meal is 8-13% by weight, the content of corn starch is 15-20% by weight, the content of lecithin is 2-5% by weight, the content of fish oil is 4-7% by weight, the content of dimethyl-β-propiothetin is 0.1-1% by weight, the content of mineral mixture is 1-2% by weight, the content of vitamin mixture is 0.5-1% by weight, the content of calcium dihydrogen phosphate is 1-2% by weight, the content of choline chloride is 0.3-1% by weight, the content of vitamin C is 0.4-1% by weight, the content of astaxanthin is 0.01-0.1% by weight, the content of yttrium oxide is 0.1-1% by weight, and the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol is 0.02-0.1% by weight.

7. The feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, the mineral mixture includes ferrous sulfate, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride, calcium iodate, sodium selenite and zeolite powder.

8. The feed for juvenile Epinephelus moara according to claim 7, wherein, In the mineral mixture, calculated on the total weight of the mineral mixture, the content of ferrous sulfate is 9-13% by weight, the content of sodium chloride is 8-14% by weight, the content of magnesium sulfate is 2-7% by weight, the content of zinc sulfate is 2-6% by weight, the content of manganese sulfate is 0.5-1.5% by weight, the content of copper sulfate is 0.1-1% by weight, the content of cobalt chloride is 0.01-0.1% by weight, the content of calcium iodate is 0.01-0.1% by weight, the content of sodium selenite is 0.01-0.1% by weight, and the content of zeolite powder is 50-70% by weight.

9. The juvenile Epinephelus moara feed according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, the vitamin mixture includes thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, vitamin K3, inositol, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and wheat middlings.

10. The juvenile Epinephelus moara feed according to claim 9, wherein, in the vitamin mixture, calculated on the total weight of the vitamin mixture, the content of thiamine is 0.1-0.5% by weight, the content of riboflavin is 0.2-0.8% by weight, the content of vitamin B6 is 0.1-0.5% by weight, the content of vitamin B12 is 0.001-0.005% by weight, the content of biotin is 0.01-0.05% by weight, the content of vitamin K3 is 0.05-0.3% by weight, the content of inositol is 0.1-2% by weight, the content of pantothenic acid is 0.1-1% by weight, the content of niacin is 1-4% by weight, the content of folic acid is 0.1-0.5% by weight, the content of vitamin A is 0.1-0.5% by weight, the content of vitamin D is 0.01-0.1% by weight, the content of vitamin E is 0.8-3% by weight, and the content of wheat middlings is 70-90% by weight.

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