Negative pressure auxiliary type seed cotton residual film electrostatic separation device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a negative pressure auxiliary type seed cotton residual film electrostatic separation device and method, and belongs to the field of agricultural machine.The negative pressure auxiliary type seed cotton residual film electrostatic separation device comprises a rack, a feeding hopper and a transmission device, and the rack is provided with a charge separation part, a residual film collection part and an airflow supply part; the charging time of the residual film in the charging separation channel is prolonged, the residual film on the roller can be effectively prevented from being smashed down by high-speed cotton flow, the seed cotton and residual film separation effect is good, the separation efficiency is high, the structure is simple and compact, and multiple working parameters can be adjusted; according to the negative-pressure-assisted seed cotton residual film electrostatic separation method, the residual film electrostatic separation device is used for separating seed cotton residual films by adopting a method that electrostatic adsorption is used as a main method and negative-pressure adsorption is used as an auxiliary method, negative-pressure adsorption force is used for assisting electrostatic force, and the residual films on the surface of the negative-pressure adsorption roller within a certain angle range are adsorbed only through negative pressure. Residual films can be effectively prevented from being smashed down by high-speed cotton flow, the charge time of the residual films is prolonged, and economy and practicability are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the device and method for separating foreign fibers in the process of unginned cotton processing, especially the device and method that can efficiently separate machine-picked unginned cotton from foreign fibers such as residual films by using negative pressure assisted electrostatic adsorption technology, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery. Background Art

[0002] In Xinjiang, the film mulching and drip irrigation technology is adopted for cotton planting. During mechanized harvesting, the negative pressure conveying pipeline of the cotton picker head is prone to mix foreign fibers such as residual films into the unginned cotton for harvesting together. The residual films bring difficulties to the processing of unginned cotton and cotton spinning, and reduce the quality of lint and cotton spinning products. The electrostatic adsorption technology is a new method for removing residual films. By utilizing the different charge characteristics of unginned cotton and residual films, the residual films are negatively charged in the electrostatic field and adsorbed by the grounding roller under the action of the electric field force to realize the separation of unginned cotton and residual films. The existing electrostatic separation equipment for unginned cotton and residual films has problems in the processing production that the residual films are not firmly adsorbed on the grounding roller and are easily knocked off by the high-speed cotton flow.

[0003] Currently, the published devices for separating foreign fibers from machine-picked unginned cotton such as CN114393746A propose to use needle tip discharge and cooperate with the grounding roller to realize the separation of unginned cotton and residual films. CN115418727A adopts mechanical loosening, first air flow cleaning, and then electrostatic adsorption to clean foreign fibers, realizing the electrostatic separation of unginned cotton and residual films in the processing production process. However, neither of them can well solve the problems in the prior art that the residual films are not firmly adsorbed on the grounding roller and are easily knocked off by the high-speed cotton flow.

[0004] The invention is essentially different from the existing devices for separating unginned cotton and residual films in principle. It adopts the method of mainly using static electricity and assisted by negative pressure to separate unginned cotton and residual films, which can effectively prevent the problem that the residual films on the roller are knocked off by the high-speed cotton flow and the residual films are not firmly adsorbed on the grounding roller. The separation effect of unginned cotton and residual films is good, the separation efficiency is high, the structure is simple and compact, and multiple working parameters can be adjusted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the problems in the existing separation technology that the residual films are not firmly adsorbed on the grounding roller and are easily knocked off by the high-speed cotton flow, the invention provides an economical and practical negative pressure assisted electrostatic separation device for unginned cotton and residual films. By using a negative pressure adsorption roller with a baffle, when the negative pressure adsorption roller rotates through a certain angle, the negative pressure disappears and the unginned cotton falls. The residual films still adhere to the negative pressure adsorption roller by electrostatic force in the electrostatic field, realizing the separation of unginned cotton and residual films. When the residual films enter the charge separation channel, they are immediately adsorbed on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller by negative pressure, increasing the charge time of the residual films in the charge separation channel, and can also effectively prevent the residual films on the roller from being knocked off by the high-speed cotton flow. The separation effect of unginned cotton and residual films is good, the separation efficiency is high, the structure is simple and compact, and multiple working parameters can be adjusted.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for electrostatic separation of residual film from unginned cotton assisted by negative pressure. By using the negative pressure assisted electrostatic separation device for unginned cotton residual film, the problem that the residual film on the grounding roller is knocked off by the high-speed cotton flow can be effectively solved. At the same time, the charging time of the residual film is increased, the adsorption force between the residual film and the grounding roller is improved, the separation effect of unginned cotton and residual film is good, the separation efficiency is high, and it is economical and practical.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A negative pressure assisted electrostatic separation device for unginned cotton residual film, including a frame, a feed hopper, and a transmission device. A charge separation part, a residual film collection part, and an air flow supply part are provided on the frame. The charge separation part structure includes a negative pressure adsorption roller, a wall panel, an electrode distance regulator, a corona electrode tube, and a bearing seat support flange; the residual film collection part structure includes an air knife and a film collection box; the air flow supply part structure includes a negative pressure fan and a positive pressure fan; the negative pressure adsorption roller, the corona electrode tube, the feed hopper, the air knife, and the film collection box are installed between the two side wall panels. Among them, the negative pressure adsorption roller is connected to the negative pressure fan on one side through the bearing seat support flange; the corona electrode tube is installed on the wall panel through the electrode distance regulator; the positive pressure fan is connected to the air knife.

[0009] The structure of the negative pressure adsorption roller includes a wire net, a baffle, and a wire net support; the surface of the wire net is evenly distributed with mesh holes, the wire net support is installed at both ends of the wire net, and hollow shaft sleeves are provided at both ends of the wire net support; the structure of the baffle includes an arc-shaped plate, the arc-shaped plate is provided with an arc-shaped opening, a plate frame and a fixed shaft head are arranged inside the arc-shaped plate, the baffle is installed inside the wire net, and is inserted into the hollow shaft sleeve of the wire net support through the fixed shaft head and can rotate relatively. The fixed shaft head extends out and is fixedly connected to the bearing seat support flange through a baffle fixing plate; when the negative pressure adsorption roller rotates, the baffle is fixed by the baffle fixing plate and does not rotate with the negative pressure adsorption roller, ensuring that negative pressure is generated in a partial range on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller to assist in electrostatic adsorption of the residual film.

[0010] The arc-shaped opening angle of the baffle can be made into different angles according to actual needs, and its angle range is 20° to 180°, and the size of the arc-shaped opening is consistent with the negative pressure action range on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller.

[0011] The negative pressure inside the negative pressure adsorption roller is generated by the negative pressure fan, and the negative pressure fan is connected to the negative pressure adsorption roller through the bearing seat support flange; the structure of the bearing seat support flange includes a bearing seat support frame, a round tube, and a flange plate. The baffle fixing plate is provided with a fixing hole and a key shaft hole. The lower part of the baffle fixing plate is fixedly connected to the bearing seat support frame through the fixing hole, and the upper part is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft head of the baffle through the key shaft hole.

[0012] The structure of the electrode distance regulator includes a base plate, fastening bolts, electrode fixing clips, and distance adjusting nuts. The electrode fixing clip is formed by welding a lead screw and a circular opening clip. There are two distance adjusting nuts on the lead screw. The fastening bolt is arranged at the opening of the circular opening clip for locking and fixing the corona electrode tube. The base plate is a rectangular plate with an oblong notch, the width of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the corona electrode tube. The corona electrode tube can be translated in the notch. A steel block with a light hole in the center is welded on one side of the base plate. The lead screw of the electrode fixing clip passes through the above light hole, and the distance adjusting nuts provided thereon are located on both sides of the steel block respectively. After determining the position of the corona electrode tube, tighten the distance adjusting nuts on both sides to realize the adjustment of the position distance of the corona electrode tube. The corona electrode tube is connected to a negative high-voltage electrostatic generator, and the voltage of the high-voltage electrostatic generator is adjustable.

[0013] The negative pressure fan is connected to a frequency converter, and its wind speed can be adjusted. The transmission device includes a motor and belt pulleys. According to actual needs, the belt drive can be replaced with a gear drive or a chain drive.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for electrostatic separation of residual films from cotton seeds assisted by negative pressure. Using the above-mentioned negative pressure assisted electrostatic separation device for residual films from cotton seeds, a method of mainly using electrostatic adsorption and supplemented by negative pressure adsorption is adopted to separate the residual films from cotton seeds, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0015] The first step, the mixed material of cotton seeds and residual films is fed into the device through the feed hopper; the second step, after the mixed material of cotton seeds and residual films enters the charge separation channel with adjustable width formed between the corona electrode tube and the negative pressure adsorption roller, it is adsorbed by the negative pressure on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller; the third step, the mixed material of cotton seeds and residual films is charged as the negative pressure adsorption roller rotates; the fourth step, after the negative pressure adsorption roller rotates a certain angle, the negative pressure is blocked by the baffle. Due to the mass difference between the cotton seeds and the residual films, the residual films are adsorbed on the negative pressure adsorption roller by electrostatic force, and the cotton seeds fall off from the negative pressure adsorption roller, realizing the separation of cotton seeds and residual films; the fifth step, as the negative pressure adsorption roller continues to rotate, the residual films are blown off by the air knife into the film collection box; using the negative pressure adsorption force to assist the electrostatic force, the residual films adsorbed on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller within a certain angle range can effectively prevent the high-speed cotton flow from knocking down the residual films and increase the charge time of the residual films.

[0016] The method and device for electrostatic separation of residual films from cotton seeds assisted by negative pressure provided by the present invention adopt a method of mainly using electrostatic adsorption and supplemented by negative pressure adsorption to separate the residual films from cotton seeds; using the negative pressure adsorption within a certain angle range on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller to assist the electrostatic adsorption of the residual films can effectively improve the adsorption force between the residual films and the grounded roller and prevent the high-speed cotton flow from knocking down the residual films.

[0017] The negative pressure assisted electrostatic separation device for cottonseed with residual film includes a charge separation part, a residual film collection part, an air flow supply part, a frame, a feed hopper, and a transmission device. The charge separation part arranged on the frame includes a negative pressure adsorption roller, wall panels, an electrode distance adjuster, a corona electrode tube, and a bearing seat support flange. The negative pressure adsorption roller is installed between two wall panels through a bearing seat and the bearing seat support flange. The corona electrode tube is installed between the wall panels through the electrode distance adjuster installed on the wall panels. A feed hopper, an air knife, and a film collection box are installed between the wall panels. The feed hopper is located above the charge separation channel between the negative pressure adsorption roller and the corona electrode tube. The air knife and the film collection box are located on one side of the negative pressure adsorption roller, with the air knife above and the film collection box below. An electric motor, a positive pressure blower, a negative pressure blower, and wall panels are installed on the frame.

[0018] The structure of the negative pressure adsorption roller includes a wire net, a baffle, and a wire net support. The surface of the wire net is provided with mesh holes according to a certain porosity. The wire net support is installed at both ends of the wire net. The baffle is arc-shaped and is installed inside the wire net through the wire net support. When the negative pressure adsorption roller rotates, the internal baffle is fixed by a baffle fixing plate and does not rotate with the negative pressure adsorption roller, ensuring that a negative pressure is generated within a fixed range on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller to assist in electrostatically adsorbing the residual film.

[0019] The arc-shaped opening angle of the baffle can be manufactured at different angles according to actual use conditions, within the range of 20° - 180°, and the opening angle is consistent with the negative pressure range on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller. The negative pressure inside the negative pressure adsorption roller is generated by a negative pressure blower and is introduced into the negative pressure adsorption roller through the bearing seat support flange. The negative pressure blower is connected to a frequency converter, and its wind speed can be adjusted, with the wind speed adjustment range being 0 m / s - 5 m / s.

[0020] Compared with the existing technologies, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] The negative pressure assisted electrostatic separation device for cottonseed with residual film provided by the present invention is essentially different from the existing cottonseed residual film separation devices. It uses the method of mainly electrostatic force and supplemented by negative pressure to separate the cottonseed residual film. In addition, there are also differences in the structure of the grounding roller. A negative pressure adsorption roller with a baffle is designed. After the cottonseed residual film enters the charge separation channel between the negative pressure adsorption roller and the corona electrode tube from the feed hopper, it is adsorbed by the negative pressure on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller. When the negative pressure adsorption roller rotates through a certain angle, the negative pressure disappears, and the cottonseed falls. The residual film still adheres to the negative pressure adsorption roller by electrostatic force in the electrostatic field, realizing the separation of the cottonseed residual film. Through negative pressure assisted electrostatic adsorption, the present invention enables the residual film to be immediately adsorbed on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller by negative pressure after entering the charge separation channel, increasing the charge time of the residual film in the charge separation channel, effectively preventing the residual film on the roller from being knocked off by the high-speed cotton flow, and having good separation effect, high separation efficiency, simple and compact structure, and adjustable multiple working parameters for the cottonseed residual film separation.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention proposes a negative-pressure assisted electrostatic adsorption technology separation method. By using the above-mentioned negative-pressure assisted seed cotton residual film electrostatic separation device, the problem that the residual film on the grounding roller is knocked off by the high-speed cotton flow is solved. At the same time, the charging time of the residual film is increased, the adsorption force between the residual film and the grounding roller is improved, the separation effect of the seed cotton residual film is good, and the separation efficiency is high. It is an economical and practical seed cotton residual film electrostatic separation method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings can be used as examples to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention or the prior art. The drawings show some embodiments of the present invention, but are not limited to these examples. Those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on the structures presented in the drawings without creative labor.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is another axonometric view of an embodiment provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the negative-pressure adsorption roller in the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the baffle in the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the arc-shaped opening angle of the baffle in the structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the left wallboard assembly in the structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the electrode distance adjuster in the structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection position relationship among the negative-pressure adsorption roller, the wallboard, the electrode distance adjuster, the corona electrode tube, and the bearing seat support flange in the structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 It is a flow chart of the method for negative-pressure assisted seed cotton residual film electrostatic separation of the present invention.

[0033] As shown in the figure: 1 is the frame, 2 is the small pulley, 3 is the motor, 4 is the belt, 5 is the large pulley, 6 is the bearing housing, 7 is the right wallboard, 8 is the electrode distance regulator, 9 is the film collecting box, 10 is the air knife, 11 is the negative pressure adsorption roller, 12 is the feed hopper, 13 is the corona electrode tube, 14 is the pipeline, 15 is the left wallboard, 16 is the negative pressure fan, 17 is the positive pressure fan, 18 is the baffle, 18-1 is the arc-shaped opening, 18-2 is the arc-shaped plate, 18-3 is the plate frame, 18-4 is the fixed shaft head, 18-5 is the arc-shaped opening angle, 19 is the wire mesh support, 19-1 is the hollow shaft sleeve, 20 is the wire mesh, 21 is the bearing housing support flange, 22 is the flange plate, 23 is the round tube, 24 is the bearing housing support frame, 25 is the vertical bearing housing, 26 is the bottom plate, 27 is the fastening bolt, 28 is the electrode fixing clamp, 28-1 is the lead screw, 28-2 is the round opening clamp, 29 is the distance adjusting nut, 30 is the baffle fixing plate, 30-1 is the fixing hole, 30-2 is the key shaft hole. Detailed implementation method

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] Referring to the attached drawings, this example is the preferred embodiment of the present invention. A negative pressure assisted electrostatic separation device for cottonseed residual film provided by it includes a frame 1, a feed hopper 12, and a transmission device. A charge separation part, a residual film collection part, and an air flow supply part are provided on the frame 1. The charge separation part structure includes a negative pressure adsorption roller 11, a wallboard, an electrode distance regulator 8, a corona electrode tube 13, and a bearing housing support flange 21; the wallboard includes a left wallboard 15 and a right wallboard 7. The residual film collection part structure includes an air knife 10 and a film collecting box 9; the air flow supply part structure includes a negative pressure fan 16 and a positive pressure fan 17; the negative pressure adsorption roller 11, the corona electrode tube 13, the feed hopper 12, the air knife 10, and the film collecting box 9 are installed between the wallboards on both sides. Among them, the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 is connected to the negative pressure fan 16 on one side through the bearing housing support flange 21; the corona electrode tube 13 is installed on the wallboard through the electrode distance regulator 8; the positive pressure fan 17 is connected to the air knife 10.

[0036] The structure of the negative pressure adsorption roller includes a wire mesh 20, a baffle 18, and a wire mesh support 19. The surface of the wire mesh 20 is evenly distributed with mesh holes. The wire mesh support 19 is installed at both ends of the wire mesh 20, and hollow shaft sleeves 19-1 are provided at both ends of the wire mesh support 19. The structure of the baffle 18 includes an arc-shaped plate 18-2, which is provided with an arc-shaped opening 18-1. Inside the arc-shaped plate 18-2, there is a plate frame 18-3 and a fixed shaft head 18-4. The baffle 18 is installed inside the wire mesh 20, and is inserted into the hollow shaft sleeve 19-1 of the wire mesh support 19 through the fixed shaft head 18-4 and can rotate relatively. The fixed shaft head 18-4 extends and is fixedly connected to the bearing seat support flange 21 through a baffle fixing plate 30. When the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 rotates, the baffle 18 is fixed by the baffle fixing plate 30 and does not rotate with the negative pressure adsorption roller 11, ensuring that negative pressure is generated within a certain range on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller 11, and there is no negative pressure in the part blocked by the baffle 18, assisting in electrostatically adsorbing residual films.

[0037] The arc-shaped opening angle 18-5 of the baffle 18 can be made into different angles according to actual needs, and its angle range is 20° to 180°. The size of the arc-shaped opening 18-1 is consistent with the negative pressure action range on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller 11.

[0038] The negative pressure inside the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 is generated by a negative pressure fan 16. The negative pressure fan 16 is connected to the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 through the bearing seat support flange 21. The structure of the bearing seat support flange 21 includes a bearing seat support frame 24, a circular tube 23, and a flange plate 22. The baffle fixing plate 30 is provided with a fixing hole 30-1 and a key shaft hole 30-2. The lower part of the baffle fixing plate 30 is fixedly connected to the bearing seat support frame 24 through the fixing hole 30-1, and the upper part is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft head 18-4 of the baffle 18 through the key shaft hole 30-2.

[0039] The structure of the electrode distance regulator 8 includes a bottom plate 26, a fastening bolt 27, an electrode fixing clamp 28, and a distance adjusting nut 29. The electrode fixing clamp 28 is formed by welding a lead screw 28-1 and a circular opening clamp 28-2. Two distance adjusting nuts 29 are provided on the lead screw 28-1. The fastening bolt 27 is arranged at the opening of the circular opening clamp 28-2 for locking and fixing the corona electrode tube 13. The bottom plate 26 is a rectangular plate provided with an oblong notch, the width of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the corona electrode tube 13. The corona electrode tube 13 can be translated in the notch. A steel block with a light hole in the center is welded on one side of the bottom plate 26. The lead screw 28-1 of the electrode fixing clamp passes through the above light hole, and the distance adjusting nuts 29 provided thereon are respectively located on both sides of the steel block. After determining the position of the corona electrode tube, tighten the distance adjusting nuts on both sides to realize the position distance adjustment of the corona electrode tube 13. The corona electrode tube 13 is connected to a negative high-voltage electrostatic generator, and the voltage of the high-voltage electrostatic generator is adjustable.

[0040] The negative pressure fan 16 is connected to a frequency converter to adjust its wind speed. The transmission device includes a motor 3 and belt pulleys, including a large belt pulley 5 and a small belt pulley 2. According to actual needs, the belt drive can be replaced with a gear drive or a chain drive.

[0041] Combined with the attached drawings, the structure of the negative pressure assisted cottonseed residual film electrostatic separation device in this embodiment is specifically described as follows:

[0042] The negative pressure adsorption roller 11 is composed of a wire mesh 20, a baffle 18, and a wire mesh support 19; the surface of the wire mesh 20 is provided with mesh holes according to a certain porosity; a baffle 18 is provided in the negative pressure adsorption roller 11. The baffle 18 blocks the negative pressure within a certain angle range and does not rotate with the negative pressure adsorption roller 11, ensuring that there is negative pressure in a partial range area on the negative pressure adsorption roller 11, and the partial area blocked by the baffle 18 has no negative pressure, assisting the static electricity to adsorb the residual film on the roller and preventing the residual film from being knocked off by the cottonseed. The negative pressure adsorption roller 11 is fixedly installed between two wall panels through a bearing seat 6 and a vertical bearing seat 25; the wall panels can be divided into a right wall panel 7 and a left wall panel 15, which are cut from insulating materials and are respectively provided with holes or grooves for installing the bearing seat 6, the bearing seat support flange 21, the electrode distance adjuster 8, the air knife 10, the film collecting box 9, and the feeding hopper 12. A plurality of electrode distance adjusters 8 are installed on both side wall panels. The right wall panel 7 is installed with the bearing seat 6, and the left wall panel 15 is installed with the bearing seat support flange 21; the bearing seat support frame 24 is provided with a bearing seat fastening threaded hole and a fixing fastening threaded hole for the baffle fixing plate 30; the baffle fixing plate 30 is provided with a keyway through hole and a fixing hole for fixing the baffle 18 inside the negative pressure adsorption roller 11.

[0043] The residual film collection part includes an air knife 10 and a film collecting box 9; the air knife 10 is installed between the right wall panel 7 and the left wall panel 15, obliquely above the negative pressure adsorption roller 11. An air outlet is provided below the air knife 10, and an air inlet is provided above the air knife 10 and is connected to the air outlet of the positive pressure fan 17 through a pipeline 14 to blow the residual film adsorbed on the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 off; the film collecting box 9 is installed between the two wall panels, outside the negative pressure adsorption roller 11, to collect the residual film blown off by the air knife 10. Its bottom plate has mesh holes, and a film collecting box door connected by a hinge is opened on one side to facilitate taking out the residual film collected in the film collecting box 9.

[0044] The air flow supply part includes a negative pressure fan 16 and a positive pressure fan 17; the negative pressure fan 16 is connected to the bearing seat support flange 21 to introduce negative pressure into the negative pressure adsorption roller 11. The negative pressure fan 16 is connected to a frequency converter, and the negative pressure wind speed can be adjusted through the frequency converter. The wind speed adjustment range is 0 m / s - 5 m / s; the positive pressure fan 17 is connected to the air knife 10 to provide positive pressure air flow to blow the residual film adsorbed on the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 into the film collecting box 9.

[0045] There are two wallboard installation support beams, a motor support plate, a negative pressure fan support frame, and a positive pressure fan support beam on the frame 1. The motor 3 is installed on the motor support plate, the negative pressure fan 16 is installed on the negative pressure fan support frame, the positive pressure fan 17 is installed on the positive pressure fan support beam, the right wallboard 7 and the left wallboard 15 are respectively installed on the two wallboard installation support beams, electrode distance regulators 8 are installed on both the right wallboard 7 and the left wallboard 15, and a corona electrode tube 13 is installed between the wallboards. The corona electrode tube 13 is fixed by the electrode distance regulator 8.

[0046] The feed hopper 12 is installed between the two wallboards, obliquely above the negative pressure adsorption roller 11, and is used for feeding the mixed material of cottonseed and residual film and controlling the feeding position.

[0047] Optionally, the negative pressure fan 16 is connected to a frequency converter, and its wind speed can be adjusted. The wind speed adjustment range is 0 m / s - 5 m / s.

[0048] Optionally, the transmission part includes a motor 3, a small pulley 2, and a large pulley 5; the large pulley 5 is installed on the shaft of the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 extending out of the outside of the right wallboard 7, the small pulley 2 is installed on the output shaft of the motor 3, and the large and small pulleys are driven by the belt 4 to drive the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 to rotate; the motor 3 is connected to a frequency converter, and the rotation speed of the motor 3 can be adjusted.

[0049] Optionally, the whole frame 1 is welded by angle steel, and a grounding terminal is provided on the frame 1. During operation, the whole machine is grounded.

[0050] Optionally, the wallboards 7 and 15, the film collecting box 9, and the feed hopper 12 are all made of materials that are insulated and resistant to high-voltage static electricity.

[0051] During actual operation, when the power is turned on, the motor 3 drives the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 to rotate through the small pulley 2 and the large pulley 5, the negative pressure fan 16 starts to work, and the mixed material of cottonseed and residual film is evenly fed into the feed hopper 12 and sent to a charge separation channel with adjustable width formed between the corona electrode tube 13 and the negative pressure adsorption roller 11. When the cottonseed mixed with residual film falls onto the roller, it is adsorbed on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 by the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure fan 16 and rotates with the roller. Both the cottonseed and the residual film are charged. After turning a certain angle, the negative pressure is blocked and disappears by the baffle 18. Since the cottonseed has a large mass and the gravity it receives is much greater than the electric field force it receives, it falls under the action of the electric field force; while the residual film has a small mass, a small density, and it is difficult to lose charge due to its own physical properties, so it will be adsorbed on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller 11, rotate with the negative pressure adsorption roller 11 to the outside, and is blown off by the air knife 10 into the film collecting box 9.

[0052] The to-be-separated material formed by evenly mixing unginned cotton and residual film is evenly fed into the feeding hopper. The voltage of the corona electrode tube 13 is set to -25 kV, and the distance between the corona electrode tube 13 and the negative-pressure adsorption roller is 18 cm. An experiment on the separation of unginned cotton and residual film at different wind speeds on the surface of the negative-pressure adsorption roller is carried out. The results show that: compared with the situation without negative-pressure assistance, when the negative-pressure wind speed is 1.2 m / s, the separation rate is 77%, and the separation rate is increased by 17.5%; when the negative-pressure wind speed is 1.4 m / s, the separation rate is 82.5%, and the separation rate is increased by 23%; when the negative-pressure wind speed is 1.6 m / s, the separation rate is 79%, and the separation rate is increased by 19.5%.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present invention, a method of mainly using static electricity and assisted by negative pressure is adopted to separate unginned cotton and residual film. After the unginned cotton and residual film enter the charge separation channel between the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11 and the corona electrode tube 13 from the feed hopper 12, they are adsorbed by the negative pressure on the surface of the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11. When the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11 rotates by a certain angle, the negative pressure disappears, and the unginned cotton falls. The residual film still adheres to the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11 by the electrostatic force in the electrostatic field, realizing the separation of unginned cotton and residual film. Through negative-pressure-assisted electrostatic adsorption, the residual film is immediately adsorbed on the surface of the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11 by the negative pressure after entering the charge separation channel, increasing the charge time of the residual film in the charge separation channel, and effectively preventing the residual film on the roller from being knocked off by the high-speed cotton flow. The separation effect of unginned cotton and residual film is good, the separation efficiency is high, the structure is simple and compact, and multiple working parameters can be adjusted. It is an economical and practical electrostatic separation device for unginned cotton and residual film.

[0054] Example 2:

[0055] A method for separating unginned cotton and residual film by negative-pressure-assisted electrostatic adsorption uses the negative-pressure-assisted electrostatic separation device for unginned cotton and residual film described in Example 1, and adopts a method of mainly using electrostatic adsorption and assisted by negative-pressure adsorption to separate unginned cotton and residual film, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0056] First step, the unginned cotton and residual film mixture is fed into the device through the feed hopper 12; second step, after the unginned cotton and residual film mixture enters the charge separation channel with adjustable width formed between the corona electrode tube 13 and the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11, it is adsorbed by the negative pressure on the surface of the negative-pressure adsorption roller; third step, the unginned cotton and residual film mixture is charged as the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11 rotates; fourth step, after the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11 rotates by a certain angle, the negative pressure is blocked by the baffle 18. Due to the mass difference between the unginned cotton and the residual film, the residual film is adsorbed on the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11 by the electrostatic force, and the unginned cotton falls off from the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11, realizing the separation of unginned cotton and residual film; fifth step, the residual film is blown onto the film collection box 9 by the air knife 10 as the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11 continues to rotate; by using the negative-pressure adsorption force to assist the electrostatic force, the residual film adsorbed on the surface of the negative-pressure adsorption roller 11 within a certain angle range can effectively prevent the high-speed cotton flow from knocking off the residual film and increase the charge time of the residual film.

[0057] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A negative pressure-assisted electrostatic separation device for seed cotton residual film, comprising a frame, a feed hopper, and a transmission device, characterized in that The frame is provided with a charge separation part, a residual film collection part, and an airflow supply part. The charge separation part structure includes a negative pressure adsorption roller, a wall panel, an electrode distance adjuster, a corona electrode tube, and a bearing seat support flange; the residual film collection part structure includes an air knife and a film collection box; the airflow supply part structure includes a negative pressure fan and a positive pressure fan; the negative pressure adsorption roller, the corona electrode tube, the feed hopper, the air knife, and the film collection box are installed between the wall panels on both sides, wherein the negative pressure adsorption roller is connected to the negative pressure fan on one side through the bearing seat support flange; the corona electrode tube is installed on the wall panel through the electrode distance adjuster; the positive pressure fan is connected to the air knife.

2. The negative pressure-assisted electrostatic separation device for seed cotton residual film according to claim 1, characterized in that The negative pressure adsorption roller structure includes a rotating net, a baffle, and a rotating net bracket; the rotating net surface is evenly distributed with mesh holes, the rotating net bracket is installed at both ends of the rotating net, and hollow shaft sleeves are provided at both ends of the rotating net bracket; the structure of the baffle includes an arc-shaped plate, the arc-shaped plate is provided with an arc-shaped opening, and a plate frame and a fixed shaft head are provided inside the arc-shaped plate. The baffle is installed inside the rotating net, and is plugged into the hollow shaft sleeve of the rotating net bracket through the fixed shaft head and can rotate relatively, and the fixed shaft head extends out and is fixedly connected to the bearing seat support flange through a baffle fixing plate; when the negative pressure adsorption roller rotates, the baffle is fixed by the baffle fixing plate and does not rotate with the negative pressure adsorption roller, thereby ensuring that negative pressure is generated within a part of the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller to assist in electrostatic adsorption of residual film.

3. The negative pressure-assisted electrostatic separation device for seed cotton residual film according to claim 2, characterized in that The arc-shaped opening angle of the baffle can be made into different angles according to actual needs, and the angle range is 20° to 180°. The size of the arc-shaped opening is consistent with the negative pressure action range of the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller.

4. The negative pressure-assisted electrostatic separation device for seed cotton residual film according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that The negative pressure in the negative pressure adsorption roller is generated by a negative pressure fan, and the negative pressure fan is connected to the negative pressure adsorption roller through a bearing seat support flange; the structure of the bearing seat support flange includes a bearing seat support frame, a round tube, and a flange plate; a fixing hole and a key shaft hole are provided on the baffle fixing plate; the lower part of the baffle fixing plate is fixedly connected to the bearing seat support frame through the fixing hole, and the upper part is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft head of the baffle through the key shaft hole.

5. The negative pressure-assisted electrostatic separation device for seed cotton residual film according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The structure of the electrode distance regulator includes a base plate, a fastening bolt, an electrode fixing clamp, and a distance adjustment nut, wherein the electrode fixing clamp is welded from a wire rod and a circular opening clamp, two distance adjustment nuts are arranged on the wire rod, and the fastening bolt is arranged at the opening of the circular opening clamp, and is used to lock and fix the corona electrode tube. The base plate is a rectangular plate, and is provided with an oblong notch, whose width is slightly larger than the diameter of the corona electrode tube, and the corona electrode tube can be translated in the notch. A steel block with a light hole in the center is welded on one side of the base plate, and the wire rod of the electrode fixing clamp passes through the above-mentioned light hole, and the distance adjustment nuts arranged thereon are respectively located on both sides of the steel block. After determining the position of the corona electrode tube, tighten the distance adjustment nuts on both sides to achieve position distance adjustment of the corona electrode tube; the corona electrode tube is connected to a negative high-voltage electrostatic generator, and the voltage of the high-voltage electrostatic generator is adjustable.

6. The negative pressure-assisted electrostatic separation device for seed cotton residual film according to claim 4, characterized in that: The structure of the electrode distance regulator includes a base plate, a fastening bolt, an electrode fixing clamp, and a distance adjustment nut, wherein the electrode fixing clamp is welded from a wire rod and a circular opening clamp, two distance adjustment nuts are arranged on the wire rod, and the fastening bolt is arranged at the opening of the circular opening clamp, and is used to lock and fix the corona electrode tube. The base plate is a rectangular plate, and is provided with an oblong notch, whose width is slightly larger than the diameter of the corona electrode tube, and the corona electrode tube can be translated in the notch. A steel block with a light hole in the center is welded on one side of the base plate, and the wire rod of the electrode fixing clamp passes through the above-mentioned light hole, and the distance adjustment nuts arranged thereon are respectively located on both sides of the steel block. After determining the position of the corona electrode tube, tighten the distance adjustment nuts on both sides to achieve position distance adjustment of the corona electrode tube; the corona electrode tube is connected to a negative high-voltage electrostatic generator, and the voltage of the high-voltage electrostatic generator is adjustable.

7. The negative pressure-assisted electrostatic separation device for seed cotton residual film according to claim 6, characterized in that The negative pressure fan is connected to a frequency converter and its wind speed can be adjusted.

8. The negative pressure-assisted electrostatic separation device for seed cotton residual film according to claim 7, characterized in that The transmission device includes a motor and a pulley. According to actual needs, the belt drive can be replaced with a gear drive or a chain drive.

9. A method for negative pressure-assisted electrostatic separation of seed cotton residual film, characterized in that: Utilizing the negative pressure-assisted electrostatic separation device for seed cotton residual film according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the seed cotton residual film is separated by a method of mainly electrostatic adsorption and supplemented by negative pressure adsorption, which mainly includes the following steps: In the first step, the seed cotton and residual film mixture is fed into the device through the feed hopper; in the second step, the seed cotton and residual film mixture enters the charged separation channel with adjustable width formed between the corona electrode tube and the negative pressure adsorption roller, and is adsorbed by the negative pressure on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller; in the third step, the seed cotton and residual film mixture is charged as the negative pressure adsorption roller rotates; in the fourth step, after the negative pressure adsorption roller rotates a certain angle, the negative pressure is blocked by the baffle, and due to the mass difference between the seed cotton and the residual film, the residual film is adsorbed on the negative pressure adsorption roller through electrostatic force, and the seed cotton falls off the negative pressure adsorption roller, thereby realizing the separation of the seed cotton and the residual film; in the fifth step, as the negative pressure adsorption roller continues to rotate, the residual film is blown into the film collecting box by the wind knife; using the negative pressure adsorption force to assist the electrostatic force to adsorb the residual film within a certain angle range on the surface of the negative pressure adsorption roller can effectively prevent the high-speed cotton flow from knocking the residual film off, thereby increasing the charging time of the residual film.

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