Fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung as well as preparation method and application of fermented fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung, a preparation method and application thereof, sawdust is used as a main raw material, cow dung is used as a conditioner, and an organic fertilizer leavening agent and urea are added at the same time. The method comprises the following steps: (1) air-drying and crushing wood chips and cow dung; (2) fully mixing the crushed sawdust, cow dung and organic fertilizer leavening agent; (3) urea is added to adjust the C / N ratio to be 20-30, and tap water is added to adjust the water content to be 60%-70%; and (4) obtaining the organic fertilizer after four stages of a heating stage, a high-temperature stage, a cooling stage and a constant-temperature stage. The prepared organic fertilizer is short in period and high in fertilizer efficiency, can be used for soil cultivation, and can promote plant seed germination and root growth, so that the growth vigor of plants becomes good; meanwhile, the anti-aging capability and the stress resistance of the plants are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizers generally refer to organic solid wastes, such as livestock and poultry manure, straw, sawdust, solid wastes generated from agricultural and sideline products and food processing, which are prepared into fertilizers after microbial fermentation and complete decomposition. In actual operation, fertilizers prepared with livestock and poultry manure and straw as the main raw materials are in the majority. The scale of the breeding industry in China is huge, and the annual output of livestock and poultry manure is also astonishing. There are a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter components in livestock and poultry manure, which have high potential for fertilizer utilization. At the same time, sawdust is one of the main forestry wastes, and its main utilization methods include incineration, papermaking, wood board filling, feed, fertilizer, etc. Methods such as incineration, papermaking, and wood board filling will all cause different degrees of environmental pollution, and the comprehensive utilization rate is low, resulting in serious waste. Using sawdust to ferment into organic fertilizer is an effective method for harmless recycling. However, how to solve the disadvantages of long fermentation cycle and incomplete fermentation of the sawdust mixture is still an urgent problem to be solved in this industry.

[0003] In view of the above defects, the creator of the present invention finally obtained the present invention through long-term research and practice. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of long fermentation cycle and incomplete fermentation of the mixture of livestock and poultry manure and sawdust, etc., and effectively utilize livestock and poultry manure and sawdust, and provides a fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention discloses a fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung, and the fermented fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60 - 70 parts of sawdust, 30 - 40 parts of cow dung, 0.01 - 0.03 parts of organic fertilizer fermenting agent, and 15 - 25 parts of urea.

[0006] The particle size of the sawdust ≤ 40 mesh, and the particle size of the cow dung ≤ 10 mesh.

[0007] The present invention also discloses a preparation method of the above fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, mixing: adding sawdust and cow dung into a blender for the first stirring and mixing, and then adding the organic fertilizer fermenting agent, urea, and earthworm dung into the blender for the second stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed material;

[0009] S2, fermenting: uniformly piling up the mixed material obtained in step S1, controlling the size of the pile body at 1m × 1.2m × 1m, and performing fermentation treatment to obtain a fermented material;

[0010] S3, Aging: After the moisture content of the fermented material drops to 30%, use a loader to spread out the fermented material for cooling and aging to obtain fermented fertilizer.

[0011] In the step S1, after adding the organic fertilizer fermenting agent, urea, and earthworm manure to the mixer, add water to control the initial water content at 60% - 70%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20 - 30 during stirring.

[0012] In the step S1, the first stirring and mixing time is 50 - 70 min, and the second stirring and mixing time is 30 - 40 min.

[0013] In the step S2, the specific process of fermentation treatment is as follows: In the initial stage of fermentation, use a turning machine to turn the pile every day, and monitor the temperature at the center of the pile every day. When the temperature < 55°C, turn the pile once a day, and the fermentation time is 7 - 10 days; when the pile temperature rises to 65°C - 70°C, turn the pile every 3 - 4 days, and ferment for 8 - 12 days; when the pile temperature drops below 35°C and remains stable, and the moisture content drops to 40%, the pile can be turned every 3 - 4 days, and ferment for 5 - 7 days to obtain the fermented material.

[0014] In the step S3, the height of the spread material is 0.1 - 0.3 m, use a loader to turn the pile once a day, and age for a total of 4 days. When the pile temperature drops below 30°C, the fermentation is completed.

[0015] The present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned fermented fertilizer based on wood chips and cow dung in improving the anti-aging ability and stress resistance of plants.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. The present invention uses wood chips and cow dung, adds an organic fertilizer fermenting agent, which can accelerate the decomposition rate of livestock and poultry manure and straw and extend the high-temperature period, improving the quality of compost; the addition of urea can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the whole material, providing a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms; the organic fertilizer fermenting agent contains a very rich microbial community, and the combination of these foreign microbial communities and the original microbial community can degrade cellulose and refractory organic matter that the original community cannot degrade, accelerating the decomposition of the material;

[0018] 2. Mixing the fermented fertilizer of the present invention with other components can promote the germination of plant seeds, promote root growth, make the growth of plants better, mainly promote the chlorophyll content, enhance photosynthesis, and improve the anti-aging ability and stress resistance of plants. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is the pre-treatment process of the pot experiment;

[0020] Figure 2 The growth diagram of each embodiment and comparative example on the 15th day of cultivation;

[0021] Figure 3 The growth trend diagram of ryegrass of each embodiment and comparative example on the 60th day;

[0022] Figure 4 It is the total length, above-ground length and underground length of the plants of each embodiment and comparative example on the 60th day. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The above and other technical features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung. The raw materials, calculated by mass, include: 60 parts (specifically 600 kg) of sawdust, 40 parts (specifically 400 kg) of cow dung, 1.7 parts (specifically 17 kg) of urea, and 0.02 parts (specifically 0.2 kg) of organic fertilizer fermentation agent.

[0026] The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0027] S1, mixing: adding sawdust and cow dung into a mixer and stirring and mixing for 60 minutes; adding organic fertilizer fermentation agent, urea and vermicompost into the mixer, adding appropriate amount of water to control the initial moisture content at 65%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio at 25, stirring and mixing for 40 minutes, and obtaining a mixture;

[0028] S2, fermentation: the obtained mixed material is piled evenly, and the pile size is controlled at 1m×1.2m×1m. In the early stage of fermentation, the pile is turned by a compost turning machine every day, and the temperature in the center of the pile is monitored every day. When the temperature is less than 55°C, the pile is turned once a day, and the fermentation time is 10 days; when the pile temperature rises to above 65°C and below 70°C, the pile is turned once every 3-4 days, and the fermentation time is 8-12 days; when the pile temperature drops to about 35°C and remains stable, and the moisture content drops to 40%, the pile can be turned once every 3-4 days, and the fermentation time is 5-7 days to obtain fermented material;

[0029] S3, aging: The moisture content of the fermented material drops to about 30%, and almost no odor is generated. The material is spread out by a loader for cooling and aging. The height of the spread material is controlled at 0.1-0.3m. The pile is turned over once a day by a loader. The aging is carried out for a total of 4 days. When the pile temperature drops below 30°C, the fermentation is completed and the fermented fertilizer is obtained.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the raw materials calculated by mass fraction include: 65 parts of wood chips (specifically 650 kg), 35 parts of cow dung (specifically 350 kg), 2 parts of urea (specifically 20 kg), 0.02 part of organic fertilizer fermenting agent (specifically 0.2 kg), and other preparation processes are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0032] Embodiment 3

[0033] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the raw materials calculated by mass fraction include: 70 parts of wood chips (specifically 700 kg), 30 parts of cow dung (specifically 300 kg), 2.3 parts of urea (specifically 23 kg), 0.02 part of organic fertilizer fermenting agent (specifically 0.2 kg), and other preparation processes are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0034] Embodiment 4

[0035] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the raw materials calculated by mass fraction include: 100 parts of wood chips (specifically 1000 kg), 3 parts of urea (specifically 30 kg), 0.02 part of organic fertilizer fermenting agent (specifically 0.2 kg), and other preparation processes are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0036] Embodiment 5

[0037] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the raw materials calculated by mass fraction include: 75 parts of wood chips (specifically 750 kg), 2.5 parts of urea (specifically 25 kg), 0.02 part of organic fertilizer fermenting agent (specifically 0.2 kg), and other preparation processes are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0038] Comparative Example 1

[0039] An organic fertilizer prepared from wheat straw and cow dung, the raw materials calculated by mass fraction are composed of 60 parts of wheat straw (specifically 600 kg), 40 parts of cow dung (specifically 400 kg), 2 parts of urea (specifically 20 kg), and 0.02 part of organic fertilizer fermenting agent (specifically 0.2 kg).

[0040] The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0041] S1, mixing: Wheat straw and cow dung are added to a blender for stirring and mixing, and the stirring and mixing time is 60 min; the organic fertilizer fermenting agent, urea, and earthworm manure are then added to the blender, and an appropriate amount of water is added to control the initial water content at 65%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25, and the stirring and mixing time is 40 min to obtain a mixed material;

[0042] S2, Fermentation: Evenly pile up the obtained mixture. Control the size of the pile to be 1m×1.2m×1m. In the initial stage of fermentation, use a turning machine to turn the pile every day, and monitor the temperature at the center of the pile every day. When the temperature < 55°C, turn the pile once a day, and the fermentation time is 10 days; when the temperature of the pile rises above 65°C and is below 70°C, turn the pile every 3 - 4 days, and ferment for 8 - 12 days; when the temperature of the pile drops to about 35°C and remains stable, and the moisture content drops to 40%, turn the pile every 3 - 4 days, and ferment for 5 - 7 days to obtain the fermented material;

[0043] S3, Aging: When the moisture content of the fermented material drops to about 30% and there is almost no odor, use a loader to spread out the material for cooling and aging. Control the height of the spread material to be 0.1 - 0.3m, and turn the pile with a loader once a day for a total of 4 days of aging. When the temperature of the pile drops below 30°C, the fermentation is completed, and the fermented fertilizer is obtained.

[0044] Comparative Example 2

[0045] An organic fertilizer prepared from wheat straw and cow dung. The raw materials are calculated by mass as 75 parts of wheat straw (specifically 750 kg), 25 parts of cow dung (specifically 250 kg), 2.1 parts of urea (specifically 21 kg), and 0.02 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation agent (specifically 0.2 kg).

[0046] The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0047] S1, Mixing: Add wheat straw and cow dung to a mixer for stirring and mixing. The stirring and mixing time is 60 min; then add the organic fertilizer fermentation agent, urea, and earthworm manure to the mixer, add an appropriate amount of water to control the initial moisture content at 65%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25. The stirring and mixing time is 40 min to obtain the mixture;

[0048] S2, Fermentation: Evenly pile up the obtained mixture. Control the size of the pile to be 1m×1.2m×1m. In the initial stage of fermentation, use a turning machine to turn the pile every day, and monitor the temperature at the center of the pile every day. When the temperature < 55°C, turn the pile once a day, and the fermentation time is 10 days; when the temperature of the pile rises above 65°C and is below 70°C, turn the pile every 3 - 4 days, and ferment for 8 - 12 days; when the temperature of the pile drops to about 35°C and remains stable, and the moisture content drops to 40%, turn the pile every 3 - 4 days, and ferment for 5 - 7 days to obtain the fermented material;

[0049] S3, Aging: When the moisture content of the fermented material drops to about 30% and there is almost no odor, use a loader to spread out the material for cooling and aging. Control the height of the spread material to be 0.1 - 0.3m, and turn the pile with a loader once a day for a total of 4 days of aging. When the temperature of the pile drops below 30°C, the fermentation is completed, and the fermented fertilizer is obtained.

[0050] 1. Referring to the agricultural industry standard for organic fertilizers "NY / T 525-2021", the organic matter, pH, seed germination index, and the contents of heavy metals lead, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium in the compost products of each example and comparative example were measured, and the test results are as follows:

[0051] Table 1 Physical and chemical properties and heavy metal contents of each example and comparative example

[0052]

[0053] It can be seen from Table 1 that the fermented fertilizers obtained in Examples 1-3 meet the organic fertilizer standard and have lower heavy metal contents compared with Example 4, Example 5, and the comparative examples.

[0054] 2. The organic fertilizers obtained in Examples 1, 2, 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2 were used to plant ryegrass. The seeds were sourced from a Taobao merchant named Yihuaercao Seed Industry. Plastic pots were used. According to different ratios of fertilizer to soil, Example 1 was divided into Example 1-1 and Example 1-2, Example 2 was divided into Example 2-1 and Example 2-2, Example 3 was divided into Example 3-1 and Example 3-2, Comparative Example 1 was divided into Comparative Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 1-2, and Comparative Example 2 was divided into Comparative Example 2-1 and Comparative Example 2-2. The organic fertilizers and soil were respectively filled into each pot, mixed evenly and then moistened. They were pre-cultured for 3 days under the condition of 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity, and then ryegrass seeds were sown, with 15 seeds per pot. During the test period, water was supplemented in due amount and at the right time. Each treatment was randomly arranged and the management methods were the same. The number of germinated seeds in each treatment group was recorded on the 15th day after sowing, and on the 60th day, the plants were taken out with roots to measure the root length, plant length, root weight, and plant weight. No pest and disease control was carried out. The planting location was Anhui University of Science and Technology. The planting results are as follows:

[0055] Table 2 Growth conditions of ryegrass in each treatment group

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] It can be seen from Table 2 that when using the organic fertilizer of the present invention to plant ryegrass, under the condition that the ratio of fertilizer to soil matrix is 1:9, the fertilizer of the present invention can effectively promote the germination of seeds, improve the plant height and quality, and has a good growth promotion effect on plants.

[0059] Table 3 Study on the stress resistance of ryegrass in each treatment group

[0060] Example Fertilizer: Soil matrix Chlorophyll (mg / g·FW) Plant protein (mg / g) SOD activity Example 1-1 1:5 0.92 33.14 245.61 Example 1-2 1:9 2.31 31.81 210.52 Example 2-1 1:5 1.43 37.5 231.57 Example 2-2 1:9 1.6 39.49 252.63 Example 3-1 1:5 1.48 31.37 224.56 Example 3-2 1:9 1.02 38.34 217.54 Comparative example 1-1 1:5 1.26 35.76 21.05 Comparative example 1-2 1:9 2.41 33.59 175.43 Comparative example 2-1 1:5 0.98 68.7 182.45 Comparative example 2-2 1:9 0.61 98.8 252.63

[0061] As can be seen from Table 3, when the organic fertilizer of the present invention is used for ryegrass cultivation, under the condition that the fertilizer to soil matrix ratio is 1:9, the fertilizer of the present invention can effectively increase the chlorophyll content in plant leaves when cultivating ryegrass, thereby enhancing plant photosynthesis and promoting plant growth. At the same time, it promotes the plant protein content in the plant and enhances the SOD enzyme activity of the plant, improving the anti-aging ability and stress resistance of the plant.

[0062] III. Collect campus soil samples. First, air-dry them in the sun. After air-drying, pick out impurities such as tree roots and stones, then crush them with a pulverizer, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve. For each example and comparative example, weigh the soil and organic fertilizer according to the mass ratios of 1:5 and 1:9, mix them evenly and pour them into flowerpots. Take 15 pre-soaked ryegrass seeds for each and sprinkle them evenly on the soil surface, then cover a layer of fine soil, water according to 60% of the total mass, and place the flowerpots outdoors for cultivation under natural conditions.

[0063] When cultivating for 15 days, the flowerpots of each example and comparative example have good growth. During the cultivation period, water once every 3 days and remove weeds, and calculate the germination rate of each flowerpot according to the number of germinated seeds.

[0064] When cultivating for 60 days, some flowerpots have good growth and the plants show lodging phenomena. Some flowerpots, due to malnutrition, the plants are difficult to continue growing and the growth stagnates. The growth of each flowerpot is as Figure 3 shown.

[0065] When cultivating for 60 days, measure the total length, above-ground length, underground length, above-ground weight and underground weight of the plants in each flowerpot. The total length, above-ground length and underground length of the plants in each flowerpot are as Figure 4 shown.

[0066] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are illustrative rather than restrictive to the present invention. Those skilled in the art understand that many changes, modifications, and even equivalents can be made within the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present invention, but all will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung, characterized in that: The fermented fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60 to 70 parts of sawdust, 30 to 40 parts of cow dung, 0.01 to 0.03 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation agent, and 15 to 25 parts of urea.

2. A fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the sawdust is ≤40 meshes, and the particle size of the cow dung is ≤10 meshes.

3. A method for preparing a fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, mixing: adding sawdust and cow dung into a mixer for a first mixing, and then adding organic fertilizer fermentation agent, urea and vermicompost into the mixer for a second mixing to obtain a mixture; S2, fermentation: the mixed material obtained in step S1 is piled evenly, the pile size is controlled to be 1m×1.2m×1m, and fermented to obtain fermented material; S3, aging: After the moisture content of the fermented material drops to 30%, the fermented material is spread out by a loader for cooling and aging to obtain a fermented fertilizer.

4. A method for preparing a fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In the step S1, after adding the organic fertilizer fermentation agent, urea and vermicompost into a mixer, water is added to control the initial water content to be 60% to 70%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20 to 30 during stirring.

5. The method for preparing a fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, the first stirring and mixing time is 50 to 70 minutes, and the second stirring and mixing time is 30 to 40 minutes.

6. The method for preparing a fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the specific process of the fermentation treatment is as follows: in the early stage of fermentation, the compost is turned by a compost turning machine every day, and the temperature in the center of the compost is monitored every day. When the temperature is less than 55°C, the compost is turned once a day, and the fermentation time is 7 to 10 days; when the compost temperature rises to 65°C to 70°C, the compost is turned once every 3 to 4 days, and the fermentation time is 8 to 12 days; when the compost temperature drops below 35°C and remains stable, and the moisture content drops to 40%, the compost can be turned once every 3 to 4 days, and the fermentation time is 5 to 7 days to obtain the fermented material.

7. The method for preparing a fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the height of the spread material is 0.1-0.3 m, and the pile is turned once a day by a loader for a total of 4 days of aging. When the pile temperature drops below 30° C., the fermentation is completed.

8. Use of the fermented fertilizer based on sawdust and cow dung as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in improving the anti-aging ability and stress resistance of plants.

Images