Biochar-based soil conditioner and preparation device thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a biochar-based soil conditioner and a preparation device thereof.The biochar-based soil conditioner comprises a mixing barrel, a mounting plate is arranged at the upper end of the mixing barrel, cover plates are hinged to the two ends of the mounting plate, a support is mounted on the mounting plate, a reciprocating lead screw is mounted on a one-way bearing, and the reciprocating lead screw penetrates through the mounting plate and is connected with the mounting plate in a matched mode; a round rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the driving rod, conical cloth is fixed to the inner wall of the mixing barrel, a discharging pipe connected with the round rod is installed at the bottom of the conical cloth, and a control valve is installed at the bottom of the discharging pipe. The high porosity and the huge specific surface area of the biochar can significantly improve the water holding capacity of soil and reduce water evaporation and nutrient loss, meanwhile, powder materials can be fully, effectively and efficiently mixed, the quality of the conditioner is guaranteed, the mixed conditioner can be granulated, transfer is not needed, and the soil conditioner is suitable for being used as a soil conditioner. The production cost is reduced; and the transfer steps are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioners, and particularly to a biochar-based soil conditioner and its preparation device. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, the quality of soil is directly related to the growth and yield of crops. However, due to factors such as long-term tillage, overuse of chemical fertilizers, and environmental pollution, the soil quality has gradually declined, resulting in a series of problems such as soil degradation, heavy metal pollution, and salinization. These problems not only affect the normal growth of crops but also pose potential threats to human health and the environment.

[0003] In recent years, biochar, as a new type of soil conditioning material, has gradually attracted people's attention due to its excellent adsorption, water retention, and long-lasting fertilizer efficiency. Biochar is usually pyrolyzed from agricultural and forestry waste (such as straw, wood chips, rice husks, fruit shells, etc.) under oxygen-limited conditions, with a rich pore structure and a high specific surface area, which can effectively adsorb harmful substances in the soil and at the same time provide various nutrients required by plants. However, using biochar alone as a soil conditioner often has limited effects.

[0004] In the process of preparing biochar-based soil conditioners, the mixing uniformity of raw materials has a crucial impact on the performance of the product. Traditional mixing methods often have problems such as uneven mixing and low efficiency, resulting in a significant reduction in the effect of the conditioner. Therefore, developing an efficient and uniform mixing device has become the key to improving the quality of biochar-based soil conditioners. In addition, the particle size and shape of biochar-based soil conditioners need to be considered in the process of use for their effects on soil permeability, water retention, and crop root growth. Therefore, granulation treatment of the conditioner is also required during the preparation process to meet the needs of different soil types and crop growth; the current mixing equipment realizes mixing through simple stirring. Although mixing can be achieved, the mixing efficiency is low, especially for powdery materials (poor fluidity), and simple stirring and mixing are difficult to achieve; moreover, after mixing, it still needs to be transported to a granulation device for granulation, which undoubtedly increases the processing cost of the soil conditioner; for this reason, the present application proposes a biochar-based soil conditioner and its preparation device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and propose a biochar-based soil conditioner and its preparation device.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A biochar-based soil conditioner, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of biochar, 6-10 parts of organic fertilizer, 2-6 parts of zeolite, 2-6 parts of bentonite, 2-6 parts of apatite, 2-6 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-6 parts of biocontrol bacteria, 12-20 parts of nitrogen slow-release agent, 12-20 parts of phosphorus slow-release agent, and 12-20 parts of potassium slow-release agent.

[0008] Preferably, the biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing agricultural and forestry waste: straw, wood chips, rice husks, and fruit shells, under oxygen-limited conditions. The preparation of biochar includes the following steps:

[0009] S1, raw material pretreatment: crushing the raw materials to a particle size ≤ 5 mm and drying to a moisture content < 15%;

[0010] S2, pyrolysis carbonization: rapid pyrolysis, heating rate 5-10 °C / min, final temperature 400-600 °C, residence time 1-2 hours to produce high specific surface area biochar;

[0011] S3, cooling and collection: sealing and cooling to room temperature after pyrolysis to avoid reignition, and grinding to 80-200 mesh.

[0012] Preferably, the oxygen-limited conditions required for the pyrolysis carbonization: introducing nitrogen or reducing the oxygen content by using the autothermal gasification process.

[0013] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is livestock manure or humic acid.

[0014] The present invention also includes a preparation device, including a mixing cylinder. An upper mounting plate is installed on the mixing cylinder. Covers are hingedly connected to both ends of the mounting plate. A bracket is installed on the mounting plate. A short shaft is rotatably arranged through the upper end of the bracket. A coupling that can rotate and move up and down is connected below the short shaft. A driving rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the coupling. A one-way bearing is installed outside the driving rod. A reciprocating lead screw is installed on the one-way bearing. The reciprocating lead screw penetrates through the mounting plate and is in mating connection with it. A round rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the driving rod. A conical cloth is fixed to the inner wall of the mixing cylinder. A discharge pipe connected to the round rod is installed at the bottom of the conical cloth. A control valve is installed at the bottom of the discharge pipe. The driving rod extends into the discharge pipe and a spiral blade for use in conjunction with the discharge pipe is fixed to its outside. A plurality of stirring and mixing mechanisms that can change according to the shape change of the conical cloth are installed on the round rod.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a driving mechanism for driving the short shaft to rotate. The driving mechanism includes two vertical plates fixed to the bracket. A cross bar rotatably connected to it penetrates through one of the vertical plates. A motor is installed on the vertical plate. First bevel gears are installed on both the motor and the cross bar. A second bevel gear is installed on the short shaft. The second bevel gear meshes with the two first bevel gears.

[0016] Preferably, a drive cylinder is installed at the bottom of the short axis. The interior of the drive cylinder is a rectangular cavity. A rectangular block is slidably connected in the rectangular cavity. A vertical rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rectangular block. The vertical rod is fixedly connected to the coupling.

[0017] Preferably, the stirring and mixing mechanism includes guide rails fixed inside the mixing cylinder. A slider is slidably connected in the guide rails. A connecting plate is installed on the slider. Two first rectangular tubes distributed vertically are hinged to the connecting plate. Two second rectangular tubes distributed vertically are rotatably connected to the round rod. A rectangular rod is slidably connected in the oppositely arranged first rectangular tube and second rectangular tube.

[0018] Preferably, it further includes a dust suction mechanism. The dust suction mechanism includes a piston cylinder fixed on the mounting plate. A moving piston is slidably connected in the piston cylinder. A connecting rod is hinged to the upper end of the moving piston. A circular plate is fixed on the cross bar. The connecting rod is eccentrically hinged to the circular plate. A dust suction pipe is installed through the bottom of the piston cylinder. An intake one-way valve is installed on the dust suction pipe. An exhaust pipe is installed on the piston cylinder. An exhaust one-way valve is installed on the exhaust pipe. A collection box is installed on the mounting plate. The exhaust pipe is connected to the collection box.

[0019] Preferably, it further includes a granulation mechanism. The granulation mechanism includes a connecting cylinder fixed at the inner bottom of the mixing cylinder. A granulation screen plate is fixedly installed through the bottom of the mixing cylinder. The granulation screen plate is arranged opposite to the connecting cylinder. A cutting knife is rotatably installed at the bottom of the mixing cylinder.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. The water and fertilizer retention capacity is enhanced: The high porosity and large specific surface area of biochar can significantly improve the water holding capacity of the soil (especially in sandy soil), reduce water evaporation and nutrient loss. Its surface functional groups (such as carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups) fix nutrient elements such as ammonium nitrogen and potassium ions through adsorption, prolonging the fertilizer efficiency.

[0022] 2. The organic matter content is increased: Biochar itself is a stable carbon source. Cooperating with organic fertilizers (such as well-rotted cow dung) can increase the soil organic matter by 15 - 30%, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and improve air permeability and tillability.

[0023] 3. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) is improved: Mineral additives (such as bentonite and zeolite) act synergistically with biochar to enhance the soil's adsorption and slow-release capacity for nutrients, reducing fertilizer waste.

[0024] 4. The middle part of the downward-facing conical cloth moves upward and finally becomes an inverted conical cloth. This process can cause the raw materials to be flipped during the deformation of the conical cloth, so that the raw materials can be repeatedly stacked and mixed. When the conical cloth returns to its original position, it can also achieve the repeated stacking and mixing of the raw materials.

[0025] 5. When the round rod moves up or down, it drives the second rectangular tube to move up. At this time, the rectangular rod moves within the first rectangular tube and the second rectangular tube. That is to say, the first rectangular tube, the rectangular rod, and the second rectangular tube expand and contract with the change of the conical cloth. Even when the raw materials are being flipped, the raw materials can be stirred, so that the raw materials can be quickly and efficiently mixed and stirred.

[0026] 6. The cross bar rotates to drive the round plate to rotate, and the round plate drives the connecting rod and the moving piston to move up and down reciprocally. When the moving piston moves upward, it can suck the powder and air in the mixing cylinder into the piston cylinder through the dust suction pipe. When the moving piston moves downward, it can transport the powder and air to the collection box through the exhaust pipe to realize the collection of the powder.

[0027] 7. Start the motor to reverse it. The driving rod driven by the transmission rotates to drive the one-way bearing to rotate. Under the action of the one-way bearing and with relative rotation inside, that is, it cannot drive the reciprocating lead screw to rotate. The driving rod rotates to drive the round rod and the spiral blade to rotate. Open the control valve. The spiral blade drives the raw materials to be transported into the connecting cylinder through the discharge pipe, and finally extrudes and discharges through the granulation screen plate. The cutting knife is driven to rotate, and the strip-shaped raw materials discharged through the granulation screen plate can be granulated to realize the granulation of the soil conditioner.

[0028] 8. The mixing and stirring mechanism still rotates, which can stir the raw materials to avoid accumulation and inability to flow downward, thus avoiding blockage.

[0029] In summary, the high porosity and large specific surface area of the biochar of the present invention can significantly improve the water holding capacity of the soil, reduce water evaporation and nutrient loss. At the same time, it can fully, effectively and efficiently mix the powdery materials, ensure the quality of the conditioner, and can also granulate the mixed conditioner without transfer, reducing the production cost and the transfer steps. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preparation device proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is a rear view of a preparation device proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the motor part of a preparation device proposed by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4Schematic structural diagram of a driving cylinder in a preparation device proposed by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic structural diagram of a piston cylinder in a preparation device proposed by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of a preparation device proposed by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a conical cloth in a preparation device proposed by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 Schematic structural diagram of a stirring and mixing mechanism in a preparation device proposed by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of a conical cloth in a preparation device proposed by the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: 1 mixing cylinder, 2 mounting plate, 3 cover plate, 4 support, 5 vertical plate, 6 motor, 7 circular plate, 8 connecting rod, 9 piston cylinder, 10 collection box, 11 driving cylinder, 12 vertical rod, 13 coupling, 14 exhaust pipe, 15 connecting cylinder, 16 control valve, 17 discharge pipe, 18 conical cloth, 19 reciprocating lead screw, 20 round rod, 21 guide rail, 22 slider, 23 connecting plate, 24 first rectangular pipe, 25 rectangular rod, 26 second rectangular pipe, 27 driving rod, 28 spiral blade, 29 connecting piece, 30 granulation mesh plate, 31 cutter, 32 rectangular cavity, 33 rectangular block, 34 short shaft, 35 second bevel gear, 36 first bevel gear, 37 cross bar, 38 intake one-way valve, 39 dust suction pipe, 40 moving piston, 41 outlet one-way valve. Specific embodiments

[0040] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] A biochar-based soil conditioner includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of biochar, 6 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of zeolite, 2 parts of bentonite, 2 parts of apatite, 2 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of biocontrol bacteria, 12 parts of nitrogen slow-release agent, 12 parts of phosphorus slow-release agent, and 12 parts of potassium slow-release agent.

[0043] In the present invention, the biochar is made by pyrolyzing agricultural and forestry waste: straw, wood chips, rice husks, and fruit shells under oxygen-limited conditions. The preparation of biochar includes the following steps:

[0044] S1, Raw material pretreatment: Crush the raw materials to a particle size of ≤5 mm and dry to a moisture content of <15%;

[0045] S2, Pyrolytic carbonization: Rapid pyrolysis, heating rate of 5 - 10 °C / min, final temperature of 400 - 600 °C, residence time of 1 - 2 hours to produce biochar with a high specific surface area;

[0046] S3, Cooling and collection: After pyrolysis, seal and cool to room temperature to avoid reignition, and grind to 80 - 200 mesh.

[0047] In the present invention, the oxygen-limiting condition required for pyrolytic carbonization: Introduce nitrogen or reduce the oxygen content by using the autothermal gasification process.

[0048] In the present invention, the organic fertilizer is livestock and poultry manure or humic acid.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] A biochar-based soil conditioner, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of biochar, 8 parts of organic fertilizer, 4 parts of zeolite, 4 parts of bentonite, 4 parts of apatite, 4 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 4 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of biocontrol bacteria, 16 parts of nitrogen slow-release agent, 16 parts of phosphorus slow-release agent, and 16 parts of potassium slow-release agent.

[0051] In the present invention, the biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing agricultural and forestry waste: straw, wood chips, rice husks, and fruit shells, under oxygen-limiting conditions. The preparation of biochar includes the following steps:

[0052] S1, Raw material pretreatment: Crush the raw materials to a particle size of ≤5 mm and dry to a moisture content of <15%;

[0053] S2, Pyrolytic carbonization: Rapid pyrolysis, heating rate of 5 - 10 °C / min, final temperature of 400 - 600 °C, residence time of 1 - 2 hours to produce biochar with a high specific surface area;

[0054] S3, Cooling and collection: After pyrolysis, seal and cool to room temperature to avoid reignition, and grind to 80 - 200 mesh.

[0055] In the present invention, the oxygen-limiting condition required for pyrolytic carbonization: Introduce nitrogen or reduce the oxygen content by using the autothermal gasification process.

[0056] In the present invention, the organic fertilizer is livestock and poultry manure or humic acid.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A biochar-based soil conditioner, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of biochar, 10 parts of organic fertilizer, 6 parts of zeolite, 6 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of apatite, 6 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 6 parts of biocontrol bacteria, 20 parts of nitrogen slow-release agent, 20 parts of phosphorus slow-release agent, and 20 parts of potassium slow-release agent.

[0059] In the present invention, the biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing agricultural and forestry waste: straw, wood chips, rice husks, and fruit shells under oxygen-limited conditions. The preparation of biochar includes the following steps:

[0060] S1, Raw material pretreatment: Crush the raw materials to a particle size ≤ 5 mm and dry to a moisture content < 15%.

[0061] S2, Pyrolytic carbonization: Rapid pyrolysis, heating rate 5 - 10 °C / min, final temperature 400 - 600 °C, residence time 1 - 2 hours to produce biochar with a high specific surface area;

[0062] S3, Cooling and collection: After pyrolysis, seal and cool to room temperature to avoid reignition, and grind to 80 - 200 mesh.

[0063] In the present invention, the oxygen-limited conditions required for pyrolytic carbonization: Introduce nitrogen or reduce the oxygen content by using the autothermal gasification process.

[0064] In the present invention, the organic fertilizer is livestock and poultry manure or humic acid.

[0065] For the above-mentioned soil conditioner, the biochar can be modified, specifically:

[0066] Physical activation: High-temperature steam or CO 2 activation to increase the porosity.

[0067] Chemical modification: Acid / alkali treatment (such as H 2 O 2 、KOH) to enhance the surface functional groups.

[0068] Loading functional materials (such as Fe 3+ 、nano zero-valent iron) for heavy metal passivation.

[0069] Granulation: Add a binder (such as carboxymethyl cellulose) to make granules to improve the convenience of field application.

[0070] Post-treatment: Dry to a moisture content < 10% and seal and package to avoid moisture absorption.

[0071] Application scenarios and effects

[0072] Degraded soil remediation: Apply 200 - 500 kg per mu, which can increase the soil organic matter content by 15 - 30%.

[0073] Heavy metal contaminated soil: Reduce the available Cd, Pb, etc. by 30 - 70% through adsorption / passivation.

[0074] Saline-alkali land improvement: Alkaline biochar (pH > 9) can reduce the soil salt content by 10 - 20%.

[0075] Facility agriculture: Used in conjunction with drip irrigation systems to reduce fertilizer loss by 20 - 40%.

[0076] Technical advantages

[0077] Resource utilization: Convert agricultural waste into high - value - added products.

[0078] Environment - friendly: Long - term carbon sequestration (biochar has a half - life of hundreds of years), reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

[0079] Versatility: Can be customized according to target soil problems (e.g., high C / N ratio biochar for infertile sandy soil).

[0080] The pyrolysis temperature of the raw material needs to be adjusted according to the target function: Low - temperature biochar (300 - 400 °C) retains more functional groups and is suitable for microbial loading; high - temperature biochar (>500 °C) has stronger adsorption.

[0081] By adjusting the biochar source, pyrolysis conditions and compound formula, customized soil conditioners can be developed for different soil problems, with both economic and ecological benefits.

[0082] Enhanced water and fertilizer retention capacity:

[0083] The high porosity and large specific surface area of biochar can significantly improve the water - holding capacity of soil (especially in sandy soil), reducing water evaporation and nutrient loss. Its surface functional groups (such as carboxyl, hydroxyl) fix nutrient elements such as ammonium nitrogen and potassium ions through adsorption, prolonging the fertilizer efficiency.

[0084] Increased organic matter content:

[0085] Biochar itself is a stable carbon source. Combined with organic fertilizers (such as well - decomposed cow dung), it can increase soil organic matter by 15 - 30%, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and improve air permeability and tillability.

[0086] Increased cation exchange capacity (CEC):

[0087] Mineral additives (such as bentonite, zeolite) act synergistically with biochar to enhance the soil's adsorption and slow - release capacity of nutrients, reducing fertilizer waste.

[0088] Reference Figures 1-9 , the present invention also discloses a preparation device, including a mixing cylinder 1, an upper mounting plate 2 of the mixing cylinder 1, and cover plates 3 hinged at both ends of the mounting plate 2. The cover plates 3 are opened to add mixing materials into the mixing cylinder 1.

[0089] A support 4 is installed on the mounting plate 2. A short shaft 34 which is rotatably arranged penetrates through the upper end of the support 4. A coupling 13 which can rotate and move up and down is connected below the short shaft 34. A driving cylinder 11 is installed at the bottom of the short shaft 34. The interior of the driving cylinder 11 is a rectangular cavity 32. A rectangular block 33 is slidably connected in the rectangular cavity 32. A vertical rod 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rectangular block 33. The vertical rod 12 is fixedly connected to the coupling 13.

[0090] It further includes a driving mechanism for driving the short shaft 34 to rotate. The driving mechanism includes two vertical plates 5 fixed on the support 4. A cross bar 37 which is rotatably connected to one of the vertical plates 5 penetrates through the vertical plate 5. A motor 6 is installed on the vertical plate 5. First bevel gears 36 are installed on both the motor 6 and the cross bar 37. A second bevel gear 35 is installed on the short shaft 34. The second bevel gear 35 meshes with the two first bevel gears 36.

[0091] A driving rod 27 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the coupling 13. A one-way bearing is installed on the outside of the driving rod 27. A reciprocating lead screw 19 is installed on the one-way bearing. The reciprocating lead screw 19 penetrates through the mounting plate 2 and is in mating connection with the mounting plate 2. A round rod 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the driving rod 27. A conical cloth 18 is fixed to the inner wall of the mixing cylinder 1. A discharge pipe 17 connected to the round rod 20 is installed at the bottom of the conical cloth 18. A connecting piece 29 is fixed in the discharge pipe 17. The round rod 20 penetrates through the connecting piece 29 and is rotatably connected to the connecting piece 29. A control valve 16 is installed at the bottom of the discharge pipe 17. The driving rod 27 extends into the discharge pipe 17 and a spiral blade 28 for use in cooperation with the discharge pipe 17 is fixed to the outside thereof, so as to discharge the mixed soil conditioner.

[0092] A plurality of stirring and mixing mechanisms capable of changing along with the shape change of the conical cloth 18 are installed on the round rod 20. The stirring and mixing mechanisms include guide rails 21 fixed in the mixing cylinder 1. Sliders 22 are slidably connected in the guide rails 21. A connecting plate 23 is installed on the sliders 22. Two first rectangular pipes 24 which are distributed up and down are hingedly connected to the connecting plate 23. Two second rectangular pipes 26 which are distributed up and down are rotatably connected to the round rod 20. Rectangular rods 25 are slidably connected in the oppositely arranged first rectangular pipes 24 and second rectangular pipes 26.

[0093] The dust suction mechanism includes a piston cylinder 9 fixed on the mounting plate 2. A moving piston 40 is slidably connected inside the piston cylinder 9. A connecting rod 8 is hinged to the upper end of the moving piston 40. A circular plate 7 is fixed on the cross bar 37. The connecting rod 8 is eccentrically hinged to the circular plate 7. A dust suction pipe 39 penetrates through the bottom of the piston cylinder 9. An intake check valve 38 is installed on the dust suction pipe 39, which only allows the air in the mixing cylinder 1 to enter the piston cylinder 9 through the dust suction pipe 39. An exhaust pipe 14 is installed on the piston cylinder 9. An outlet check valve 41 is installed on the exhaust pipe 14, which only allows the air in the piston cylinder 9 to be discharged through the exhaust pipe 14. A collection box 10 is installed on the mounting plate 2. The exhaust pipe 14 is connected to the collection box 10. A filter screen is installed in the collection box 10 and a discharge pipe opposite to the filter screen is provided. The air is filtered by the filter screen and discharged through the discharge pipe.

[0094] The granulation mechanism includes an adapter cylinder 15 fixed to the inner bottom of the mixing cylinder 1. A granulation screen plate 30 is fixedly installed through the bottom of the mixing cylinder 1. The granulation screen plate 30 is arranged opposite to the adapter cylinder 15. A cutting knife 31 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the mixing cylinder 1. The cutting knife 31 can be driven to rotate by a driving motor to realize granulation by cutting.

[0095] During use, biochar, organic fertilizer, zeolite, bentonite, apatite, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, bacillus subtilis, biocontrol bacteria, nitrogen slow-release agent, phosphorus slow-release agent, potassium slow-release agent (hereinafter referred to as raw materials) are added into the mixing cylinder 1 and located inside the conical cloth 18. The staff starts the motor 6. The motor 6 drives the first bevel gear 36 to rotate. The rotation of the first bevel gear 36 drives the second bevel gear 35 to rotate and another first bevel gear 36 to rotate.

[0096] The rotation of the second bevel gear 35 drives the short shaft 34 to rotate. The rotation of the short shaft 34 drives the driving cylinder 11 and the rectangular block 33 to rotate. The rotation of the rectangular block 33 drives the vertical rod 12 to rotate, thereby driving the coupling 13 and the driving rod 27 to rotate. The rotation of the driving rod 27 drives the round rod 20 and the spiral blade 28 to rotate. The rotation of the spiral blade 28 and the discharge pipe 17 form a simple auger, which can convey the raw materials in the discharge pipe 17 upward so that they are located inside the conical cloth 18.

[0097] In addition, the rotation of the round rod 20 drives a plurality of second rectangular pipes 26 to rotate. The rotation of the rectangular pipes 26 drives the rectangular rod 25 and the first rectangular pipe 24 to rotate around the round rod 20. The rotation of the first rectangular pipe 24 drives the connecting plate 23 to move. The connecting plate 23 drives the slider 22 to slide on the guide rail 21. In this way, the stable rotation of the stirring and mixing mechanism can be ensured, and the raw materials can be stirred and mixed.

[0098] The rotation of the driving rod 27 drives the one-way bearing and the reciprocating lead screw 19 to rotate. The rotation of the reciprocating lead screw 19 causes it to move up and down reciprocally on the mounting plate 2, thereby driving the driving rod 27, the round rod 20, the connecting piece 29, and the discharge pipe 17 to move upward, that is, the middle part of the downward-facing conical cloth 18 moves upward, and finally becomes an inverted conical cloth 18. This process can cause the raw materials to be turned over during the deformation of the conical cloth 18, so that the raw materials can be repeatedly stacked and mixed. When the conical cloth 18 returns to its original position, it can also achieve the repeated stacking and mixing of the raw materials;

[0099] During the upward or downward movement of the round rod 20, it drives the second rectangular pipe 26 to move upward. At this time, the rectangular rod 25 moves within the first rectangular pipe 24 and the second rectangular pipe 26. That is to say, the first rectangular pipe 24, the rectangular rod 25, and the second rectangular pipe 26 expand and contract following the change of the conical cloth 18. Even when the raw materials are being turned over, they can be stirred, so that the raw materials can be quickly and efficiently mixed and stirred;

[0100] During the mixing process, powder will be generated. In order to reduce the flying of the powder, when the first bevel gear 36 rotates, it drives the cross bar 37 to rotate. The rotation of the cross bar 37 drives the round plate 7 to rotate, and the round plate 7 drives the connecting rod 8 and the moving piston 40 to move up and down reciprocally. When the moving piston 40 moves upward, it can suck the powder and air in the mixing cylinder 1 into the piston cylinder 9 through the dust suction pipe 39. When the moving piston 40 moves downward, it can transport the powder and air to the collection box 10 through the exhaust pipe 14 to achieve the collection of the powder;

[0101] After the mixing is completed, control the motor 6 to make the discharge pipe 17 and the conical cloth 18 move downward and return to their original positions, that is, the discharge pipe 17 is inserted into the connecting cylinder 15. Then start the motor 6 to reverse it. The rotation of the driving rod 27 driven by the transmission drives the one-way bearing to rotate. Under the action of the one-way bearing and with relative rotation inside, it cannot drive the reciprocating lead screw 19 to rotate. The rotation of the driving rod 27 drives the round rod 20 and the spiral blade 28 to rotate. Open the control valve 16, and the spiral blade 28 drives the raw materials to be transported into the connecting cylinder 15 through the discharge pipe 17. Through extrusion, it is finally extruded through the granulation screen plate 30. The cutting knife 31 is driven to rotate, and the strip-shaped raw materials discharged through the granulation screen plate 30 can be cut into particles to realize the granulation of the soil conditioner;

[0102] At this time, the mixing and stirring mechanism still rotates, and it can stir the raw materials to prevent them from piling up and not flowing downward, thus avoiding blockage.

[0103] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biochar-based soil conditioner, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of biochar, 6-10 parts of organic fertilizer, 2-6 parts of zeolite, 2-6 parts of bentonite, 2-6 parts of apatite, 2-6 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-6 parts of biocontrol bacteria, 12-20 parts of nitrogen slow-release agent, 12-20 parts of phosphorus slow-release agent and 12-20 parts of potassium slow-release agent.

2. A biochar-based soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is prepared by pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry wastes such as straw, wood chips, rice husks, and fruit shells under oxygen-limited conditions. The preparation of the biochar includes the following steps: S1, raw material pretreatment: crush the raw materials to a particle size of ≤5mm, and dry them to a moisture content of <15%; S2, pyrolysis carbonization: rapid pyrolysis, heating rate 5-10℃ / min, final temperature 400-600℃, residence time 1-2 hours to generate high specific surface area biochar; S3, cooling and collection: After pyrolysis, seal and cool to room temperature to avoid re-ignition, and grind to 80-200 mesh.

3. A biochar-based soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oxygen-limited conditions required for the pyrolysis carbonization are: introducing nitrogen or utilizing an autothermal gasification process to reduce the oxygen content.

4. A biochar-based soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is livestock and poultry excrement or humic acid.

5. A preparation device for preparing the biochar-based soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mixing cylinder (1), a mounting plate (2) at the upper end of the mixing cylinder (1), cover plates (3) being hingedly connected to both ends of the mounting plate (2), a bracket (4) being mounted on the mounting plate (2), a short shaft (34) being rotatably arranged passing through the upper end of the bracket (4), a coupling (13) being rotatable and movable up and down being connected to the lower part of the short shaft (34), a driving rod (27) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the coupling (13), a one-way bearing being mounted on the outside of the driving rod (27), a reciprocating screw rod (19) being mounted on the one-way bearing, the reciprocating screw rod (19) passing through the mounting plate (2). The mounting plate (2) is connected to the mounting plate in cooperation with the mounting plate, the bottom of the driving rod (27) is fixedly connected to a round rod (20), the inner wall of the mixing barrel (1) is fixedly provided with a conical cloth (18), the bottom of the conical cloth (18) is provided with a discharge pipe (17) connected to the round rod (20), the bottom of the discharge pipe (17) is provided with a control valve (16), the driving rod (27) extends into the discharge pipe (17) and a spiral blade (28) used in cooperation with the discharge pipe (17) is fixed to the outside, and a plurality of stirring and mixing mechanisms that can change with the shape of the conical cloth (18) are provided on the round rod (20).

6. A preparation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a driving mechanism for driving the short shaft (34) to rotate, the driving mechanism comprising two vertical plates (5) fixed on the bracket (4), one of the vertical plates (5) being provided with a cross bar (37) rotatably connected thereto, a motor (6) being mounted on the vertical plate (5), the motor (6) and the cross bar (37) being both mounted with a first bevel gear (36), a second bevel gear (35) being mounted on the short shaft (34), the second bevel gear (35) being meshed with the two first bevel gears (36).

7. A preparation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A driving cylinder (11) is installed at the bottom of the short shaft (34), the interior of the driving cylinder (11) is set as a rectangular cavity (32), a rectangular block (33) is slidably connected in the rectangular cavity (32), a vertical rod (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rectangular block (33), and the vertical rod (12) is fixedly connected to the coupling (13).

8. A preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring and mixing mechanism comprises a guide rail (21) fixed in a mixing drum (1), a slider (22) being slidably connected in the guide rail (21), a connecting plate (23) being mounted on the slider (22), two first rectangular tubes (24) being hingedly connected to the connecting plate (23) and being distributed up and down, two second rectangular tubes (26) being rotatably connected to the round rod (20), and rectangular rods (25) being slidably connected in the first rectangular tube (24) and the second rectangular tube (26) being arranged opposite to each other.

9. A preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The utility model also comprises a dust suction mechanism, which comprises a piston cylinder (9) fixed on the mounting plate (2), a movable piston (40) being slidably connected in the piston cylinder (9), a connecting rod (8) being hingedly connected to the upper end of the movable piston (40), a circular plate (7) being fixed on the cross bar (37), the connecting rod (8) being eccentrically hingedly connected to the circular plate (7), a dust suction pipe (39) being installed through the bottom of the piston cylinder (9), an air intake check valve (38) being installed on the dust suction pipe (39), an exhaust pipe (14) being installed on the piston cylinder (9), an air outlet check valve (41) being installed on the exhaust pipe (14), a collecting box (10) being installed on the mounting plate (2), and the exhaust pipe (14) being connected to the collecting box (10).

10. A preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a granulation mechanism, which comprises a connecting cylinder (15) fixed at the bottom of the mixing cylinder (1), a granulation mesh plate (30) is fixedly installed through the bottom of the mixing cylinder (1), the granulation mesh plate (30) is arranged opposite to the connecting cylinder (15), and a cutting knife (31) is rotatably installed at the bottom of the mixing cylinder (1).

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