Shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn and method of making and use thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn, its preparation method, and its application. The shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn includes a core layer, a film layer, and a functional layer. The film layer covers the core layer, and the functional layer covers the film layer. The core layer includes at least one roll structure, which is a Fermat roll or an Archimedes roll. The functional layer includes fibers. The layered structure includes a first film and a gel layer covering one side of the first film, the gel layer being a shear-thickening gel. The film layer includes a second film. The shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn of this invention has soft, breathable, and durable leak-proof impact-resistant properties. It solves the technical limitations of existing technologies where shear-thickening gel is directly impregnated or coated onto the fabric surface, resulting in stiff, inflexible, and uncomfortable impact-resistant fabrics that affect the thermal and moisture comfort of the fabric during wear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of textile technology, specifically relating to a shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Impact damage is one of the most common phenomena in structural protection engineering. Due to the prevalence of impact damage, the design of safety protection materials is becoming increasingly important. Shear-thickening gels, with their excellent impact resistance and cushioning properties, are attracting increasing attention in markets such as sports protection, shock absorption, military and police protection, and industrial protection. The hardening mechanism of shear-thickening gels can be attributed to the disordered breakage and recombination of internal BO bonds. Under low strain rate stimulation, the molecular chain motion scale is relatively large, and the BO bonds have sufficient time to break. The damping caused by molecular chain entanglement is the main obstacle to molecular deformation, exhibiting viscous characteristics with fluidity on a macroscopic scale. However, when shear-thickening gels are subjected to high strain rate stimulation, the molecular chains inside the shear-thickening gel do not have enough time for self-adjustment, leading to an order-of-magnitude increase in storage modulus, exhibiting glassy characteristics on a macroscopic scale. Therefore, shear-thickening gels cause the viscosity of the system to increase sharply and instantaneously under high-speed external impact, consuming a large amount of external impact energy. When the external force is removed, the shear-thickening gel material can return to its original soft state, greatly improving the impact resistance, durability, and comfort of protective products.

[0003] Smart protective clothing requires high impact resistance, low weight, flexibility, and integration with multifunctional wearable devices. As a high-performance rate-related material, shear-thickening gel (SSG) has broad scientific value and application prospects in the field of smart impact protection devices. However, current civilian impact-resistant clothing and accessories are typically rigid shell products, restricting human movement and lacking both flexibility and comfort. Flexible polyurethane foam cushioning materials, in particular, have poor thermal and moisture comfort. Aramid impact-resistant protective composite fabrics are relatively stiff, with poor flexibility, softness, and thermal permeability. Compared to traditional protective materials, shear-thickening gel flexible composite materials satisfy the contradiction between protective performance and flexibility and comfort.

[0004] Current techniques typically involve directly immersing protective textiles in a mixture of shear-thickening gel and diluent, then removing the diluent through drying or freeze-drying to obtain a mixture of shear-thickening material and textiles. While this can enhance the impact resistance of textiles to some extent, it suffers from technical drawbacks such as poor abrasion resistance and lack of breathability. Although low-temperature 3D printing technology can be used to mold shear-thickening gel materials, it is currently not feasible to apply them to fabrics.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a continuous manufacturing method to produce materials that combine superior durability and impact resistance with breathable and soft wearability, enabling the transformation of shear-thickened gel materials into yarns and textiles to meet the needs of military and aerospace industries. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn.

[0008] Another objective of this invention is to provide the use of the above-mentioned shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn in improving the impact resistance of fabrics. The shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn solves the technical problem that shear-thickening gel cannot be yarn-made for use in impact-resistant protective equipment, and provides a fast and effective method for preparing shear-thickening gel materials into flexible protective clothing.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above-mentioned shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn in improving the air permeability of impact-resistant fabrics.

[0010] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solution.

[0011] A shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn includes: a core layer, a film layer, and a functional layer, wherein the film layer covers the core layer, and the functional layer covers the film layer. The core layer includes at least one roll structure, which is a Fermat roll structure or an Archimedean roll structure. The functional layer includes fibers. The Fermat roll structure is formed by layered structures wound along a Fermat spiral, and the Archimedean roll structure is formed by layered structures wound along an Archimedean spiral.

[0012] The layered structure includes: a first film and a gel layer covering one side of the first film, the gel layer being a shear-thickening gel, and the first film being made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyetherketone, or polyphenylene sulfide.

[0013] The thin film layer includes a second thin film.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the gel layer accounts for 80-95 wt% of the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the diameter of the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn is 2-3 mm.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the gel layer is 0.1 to 1.5 mm.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the first film is 0.05 to 0.075 mm.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the thin film layer is 0.1 to 0.2 mm.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the functional layer is 0.1 to 1 mm.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the material of the second film is polyurethane, polyurea or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the thin film layer is formed by wrapping a second thin film, the width of which is 1 to 1.5 cm and the thickness of which is 0.05 to 0.1 mm.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the fiber is one or more of the following: aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, flame-retardant viscose, flame-retardant nylon, flame-retardant polyester, flame-retardant acrylic fiber, and seaweed fiber.

[0023] In the above technical solution, the storage modulus of the shear-thickening gel is 0.51 to 1.13 PMa.

[0024] The method for preparing the above-mentioned shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn includes the following steps: using at least one roll structure as the core layer, wrapping a second film around the core layer as a film layer, and covering the film layer with fibers as a functional layer.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the method for preparing the layered structure includes: uniformly coating a liquid shear-thickening gel onto a first film, cooling it to form a gel layer, and obtaining a layered structure.

[0026] In the above technical solution, the shear-thickening gel is heated to 50-80°C to make it into a liquid state.

[0027] The above-mentioned shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn is used to improve the impact resistance of fabrics.

[0028] The above-mentioned shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn is used to improve the air permeability of impact-resistant fabrics.

[0029] The preparation method of the above-mentioned shear-thickening gel includes the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Mix pyroboronic acid and PDMS evenly, then add nanoparticles in batches and stir until the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed to obtain a precursor solution. The ratio of pyroboronic acid, PDMS and nanoparticles by mass is 5:(50-100):0.5. PDMS is hydroxyl-terminated polymethylsiloxane. The nanoparticles include: silica particles, polyvinyl chloride particles, calcium carbonate particles, polymethyl methacrylate particles, carbon nanofibers and / or titanium dioxide particles.

[0031] In step 1, the method for obtaining pyroboronic acid includes: keeping boric acid at 120-160°C for 120-240 min to obtain the pyroboronic acid.

[0032] In step 1, the viscosity of PDMS is 50 to 1500 cp.

[0033] Step 2: The precursor solution is heated at 180-220°C for 2-5 hours and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a shear-thickened gel.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0035] 1. This invention breaks through the technical bottleneck that shear-thickening gels cannot be yarn-formed, and realizes a simple yarn-forming process for shear-thickening gels, providing a new way for industrial manufacturing of continuous, comfortable, durable, impact-resistant protective yarns and fabrics.

[0036] 2. The thickness of the flexible core-spun yarn made of shear-thickening gel in this invention is adjustable, and it has soft, breathable, durable, leak-proof, and impact-resistant properties. The shear-thickening gel has excellent impact resistance, the film layer has good sealing and bonding strength, and the functional layer exhibits interception and barrier impact resistance. The multi-layered structure works synergistically to demonstrate excellent impact protection capabilities, making it applicable to human clothing protection.

[0037] 3. The shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn of this invention is easy to spin and form, realizing the built-in short-process yarn forming of shear gel material. The yarn is a unique core-sheath composite yarn, thus solving the technical limitations of the prior art in which shear-thickening gel is directly impregnated or coated on the fabric surface, resulting in such impact-resistant fabrics being relatively hard, neither flexible nor comfortable, restricting human movement, and affecting the thermal and moisture comfort of the fabric when worn. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of a sheared, thickened gel, flexible core-spun yarn;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the Fermat roll structure;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the Archimedes scroll structure;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the core layer structure (the core layer consists of two Archimedean roll structures);

[0042] Figure 5 The load-time curves are for plain weave fabrics, where A represents the plain weave fabric in Example 6 and B represents the plain weave fabric in Comparative Example 1.

[0043] Figure 6 The stress-strain curves for plain weave fabrics are shown, where A represents the plain weave fabric in Example 6 and B represents the plain weave fabric in Comparative Example 1.

[0044] S11 is the core layer, S12 is the thin film layer, and S13 is the functional layer. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrates the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn of the present invention, its preparation method, and its applications.

[0046] Examples 1-4

[0047] A method for preparing a shear-thickening gel includes the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Boric acid is kept at 160℃ for 90 min to obtain pyroboric acid. Pyroboric acid and PDMS are mixed evenly, and then nanoparticles are added in batches. The mixture is stirred until the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed to obtain a precursor solution. The ratio of pyroboric acid, PDMS and nanoparticles by mass is Y. PDMS is hydroxyl-terminated polymethylsiloxane (purchased from Wenzhou Shoucheng Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.), nanoparticles are silica particles, and the viscosity of PDMS is X cp.

[0049] Step 2: The precursor solution is heated at 220°C for 2.5 hours and then cooled to room temperature (20-25°C) to obtain a shear-thickened gel.

[0050] The storage modulus, X, and Y of the shear-thickened gel are shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1

[0052] Shear-thickening gel X Y Energy storage modulus Example 1 30 5:100:0.5 1.13MPa Example 2 1500 5:50:0.5 0.38MPa Example 3 1000 5:100:0.5 0.51MPa Example 4 1500 5:100:0.5 0.89MPa

[0053] Example 5

[0054] like Figure 1As shown, a shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn includes: a core layer S11, a thin film layer S12, and a functional layer S13. The thin film layer covers the core layer, and the functional layer covers the thin film layer. The thickness of the thin film layer is 0.2 mm, and the thickness of the functional layer is 1 mm. The core layer is a roll structure, which is an Archimedean roll structure. The Archimedean roll structure is formed by rolling layered structures along an Archimedean spiral, as shown. Figure 3 As shown. The layered structure consists of a first film and a gel layer covering one side of the first film. The gel layer is the shear-thickening gel in Example 2. The thickness of the gel layer is 1 mm. The material of the first film is polytetrafluoroethylene. The thickness of the first film is 0.075 mm. The width of the first film is 10 mm (the areal density of the first film is 50 g / km).

[0055] The method for preparing the above-mentioned shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn includes the following steps:

[0056] S1, The shear thickening gel in Example 2 is heated at 80°C for 1 hour to make it liquid, thereby improving the fluidity of the shear thickening gel and enabling it to be applied to the first film efficiently, conveniently and uniformly; the liquid shear thickening gel is uniformly coated on the first film and cooled to form a gel layer, resulting in a layered structure; the layered structure is rolled along the Archimedean spiral into an Archimedean coil structure as the core layer;

[0057] S2, a second film is wrapped around the core layer as a film layer. The material of the second film is polytetrafluoroethylene, the width of the second film is 1 cm, and the thickness of the second film is 0.075 mm (the linear density of the second film is 50 g / km).

[0058] A fiber is coated onto the outside of the film layer as a functional layer. The fiber is flame-retardant polyester.

[0059] The gel layer accounts for 80 wt% of the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn, and the diameter of the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn is 2.5 mm.

[0060] Example 6

[0061] A plain weave fabric (No.: A) is obtained by machine weaving, with a warp density of 3 yarns / cm, a weft density of 2 yarns / cm, and a thickness of about 3mm. Both the warp and weft yarns of the plain weave fabric are made of the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn of Example 5.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] A plain weave fabric (No. B) is obtained by machine weaving, with a warp density of 3 yarns / cm, a weft density of 2 yarns / cm, and a thickness of approximately 3mm. Both the warp and weft yarns of the plain weave fabric are made of wool (2.5mm in diameter).

[0064] Dynamic impact tests were conducted on the plain weave fabrics prepared in Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 to obtain the load-time curves of the plain weave fabrics at an impact height of 50 mm, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, A represents the plain weave fabric in Example 6, and B represents the plain weave fabric in Comparative Example 1. Figure 5 It is known that plain weave fabric has the highest peak load, which is not conducive to absorbing impact energy. Compared with plain weave fabric obtained from wool yarn, plain weave fabric obtained from shear-thickened gel flexible core-spun yarn effectively reduces the peak load of 783N. Moreover, when the load peak is reached, the plain weave fabric of Example 6 takes 1.5ms longer than the plain weave fabric of Comparative Example 1. These fully demonstrate that the plain weave fabric obtained from shear-thickened gel flexible core-spun yarn has better impact energy absorption capacity.

[0065] Planar compression tests were conducted on the plain weave fabrics prepared in Example 6 and Comparative Example 1. The plain weave fabrics were placed between two parallel compression plates, and a pressure perpendicular to the plane of the plain weave fabric was applied to the compression plates using a testing machine, causing the plain weave fabric to undergo uniform compression. During the compression process, the testing machine recorded the applied pressure value and the corresponding compression deformation of the plain weave fabric, thereby obtaining the compression performance curve (stress-strain curve) of the plain weave fabric, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, A represents the plain weave fabric in Example 6, and B represents the plain weave fabric in Comparative Example 1. Figure 6 It can be seen that both curves show a trend of slow initial increase followed by rapid increase in stress with increasing strain. When the strain is small (approximately 0-20%), the stress increase is relatively gradual; when the strain exceeds a certain level (approximately 40%), the stress increases sharply, and the strain rate reaches 50%. The strain of the plain weave fabric obtained from the shear-thickened gel flexible core-spun yarn is 2.5 times that of the plain weave fabric obtained from the wool yarn. The stress value of the plain weave fabric obtained in Example 1 is generally higher than that of the plain weave fabric in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the plain weave fabric obtained from the shear-thickened gel flexible core-spun yarn has higher strength, can withstand greater external forces without damage, and has better resistance to deformation. This fully demonstrates that the shear-thickened gel flexible core-spun yarn has better impact resistance and strength.

[0066] The plain weave fabric prepared in Example 6 has large pores and good air permeability. This plain weave fabric can be folded, bent, stretched, etc., and has good softness. It is durable and leak-proof. The plain weave fabric did not show any shear thickening gel leakage problem after 6 months.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] A plain weave fabric, essentially the same as in Example 6, except that the core layer is one such... Figure 2 The Fermat roll structure is shown.

[0069] Example 8

[0070] A plain weave fabric, essentially the same as in Example 6, except that the core layer has two Archimedean roll structures, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0071] The plain weave fabrics of Examples 7 and 8 can achieve the same technical effects as those of Example 6.

[0072] The shear-thickening gels obtained in Examples 1, 3 and 4 can achieve the same technical effects as the shear-thickening gel obtained in Example 2.

[0073] The present invention has been described above by way of example. It should be noted that any simple modifications, alterations or other equivalent substitutions that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort without departing from the core of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn, characterized in that, include: The device comprises a core layer, a thin film layer, and a functional layer, wherein the thin film layer covers the core layer, and the functional layer covers the thin film layer. The core layer includes at least one roll structure, which is a Fermat roll structure or an Archimedean roll structure. The functional layer includes fibers. The Fermat roll structure is formed by layered structures wound along a Fermat spiral, and the Archimedean roll structure is formed by layered structures wound along an Archimedean spiral. The layered structure includes: a first film and a gel layer covering one side of the first film, the gel layer being a shear-thickening gel, and the first film being made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyetherketone, or polyphenylene sulfide; the film layer includes a second film.

2. The shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gel layer accounts for 80-95 wt% of the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn; the diameter of the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn is 2-3 mm.

3. The shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the gel layer is 0.1–1.5 mm; the thickness of the first film is 0.05–0.075 mm; the thickness of the film layer is 0.1–0.2 mm; and the thickness of the functional layer is 0.1–1 mm.

4. The shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second film is made of polyurethane, polyurea, or polytetrafluoroethylene.

5. The shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thin film layer is formed by wrapping a second thin film, the width of which is 1 to 1.5 cm and the thickness of which is 0.05 to 0.1 mm.

6. The shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber is one or more of the following: aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, flame-retardant viscose, flame-retardant nylon, flame-retardant polyester, flame-retardant acrylic fiber, and seaweed fiber.

7. The shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage modulus of the shear-thickening gel is 0.51–1.13 PPa.

8. A method for preparing the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: using at least one roll structure as the core layer, wrapping a second film around the core layer as a film layer, and covering the film layer with fibers as a functional layer.

9. The use of the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 to improve the impact resistance of fabrics.

10. The use of the shear-thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 in improving the air permeability of impact-resistant fabrics.

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