Basin dike overtopping protection structure and method based on ecological restoration concept

Abstract

The invention relates to a watershed embankment overtopping protection structure and method based on an ecological restoration idea. The watershed embankment overtopping protection structure comprises a plurality of protection units, and every two adjacent protection units are in lap joint; the protection units are laid on the downstream side of the dam and extend upwards from the dam foot to the dam top of the dam, each protection unit comprises a flexible layer, a flat-bag-shaped reinforcing layer and an anti-scour layer which are sequentially arranged in a stacked mode from bottom to top, and the flexible layers, the reinforcing layers and the anti-scour layers are sequentially bonded and fixed. A steel wire mesh is arranged in the reinforcing layer, the reinforcing layer is filled with reinforcing materials, and hollow reinforcing nails are further arranged on the reinforcing layer. The lower ends of the reinforcing nails are inserted into the dam downwards, the upper ends of the reinforcing nails extend out of the dam, and vegetation concrete is arranged in the reinforcing nails and grows towards the inside and outside of the dam along the reinforcing nails. The ecological restoration effect of the plant-growing concrete and scour prevention of the protection units are combined, the good protection effect on the watershed dike is achieved, the dam face is prevented from being impacted by water flow for a long time, and the risk of overtopping and burst is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy project protection, and particularly to a flood-overtopping protection structure and method for river basin dikes based on the concept of ecological restoration. Background Art

[0002] Reservoir dams are an important foundation of the flood control system. Once a dam breaks, the losses are significant. In the cases of reservoir dam failures, the vast majority are earth-rock dams that break. The main reasons are that the construction of earth dams dates back to early times, the design standards are relatively low, and the anti-scouring ability is poor. Once encountering flood-overtopping, the flood forms infiltration, scouring, and erosion on the surface of the dam body, and then the earth-rock dam quickly breaks, threatening people's lives and property safety. Therefore, it is crucial to develop flood-overtopping protection technologies for small and medium-sized earth-rock dams.

[0003] Covering the dam surface with geotextile is one of the most common and fastest protection methods at present. Geotextile has a wide range of sources and is convenient to use, so it is widely applied. However, it should be noted that the bonding ability between the geotextile and the dam surface is poor, and the anti-scouring ability is insufficient. The geotextile may be scoured by the flood and may have relative displacement with the dam surface. Therefore, once the geotextile falls off, the flood will scour the dam surface again.

[0004] There are also cases of using concrete structures or geogrids to protect the dam slope. However, considering the characteristics of river basin dikes, the above protection methods have deficiencies such as damage to the slope ecology, blockage of animal and plant channels, and poor water and soil integration. Although they can also play a certain protective effect, the potential impacts are relatively large. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a structure that can not only protect the slope but also meet the requirements of ecological environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems that the conventional protection measures have weak anti-scouring ability and affect the ecological environment of the dike, the present invention provides a flood-overtopping protection structure and method for river basin dikes based on the concept of ecological restoration. The protection structure is arranged on the backwater side of the dam body, can adapt to the terrain of the dam surface, thus closely adheres to the dam surface, reduces the infiltration, scouring, and erosion of the flood on the dam surface, and then combines with the permeable concrete to penetrate the protection structure to connect the dam body with the external environment, so that the protection structure can not only protect the dam body but also meet the requirements of ecological environmental protection.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A flood-overtopping protection structure for river basin dikes based on the concept of ecological restoration, used to prevent the dike from being flooded and collapsing, includes multiple protection units. The multiple protection units are arranged on the dike in sequence along the river direction. Adjacent two protection units overlap and are provided with fiber cloth to connect, which is convenient for assembling the protection units and ensures the reliability of the assembly; Each protective unit is laid on the backwater side of the dam. The protective unit extends from the toe of the dam upwards to the top of the dam to provide safety protection for the dam, enabling the dam to effectively resist the impact of water flow. Each protective unit includes a flexible layer, a flat-bag-shaped reinforcement layer, and an anti-scour layer that are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The flexible layer, the reinforcement layer, and the anti-scour layer are adhesively fixed in sequence, increasing the bonding force between layers; A wire mesh is arranged in the reinforcement layer, and the reinforcement layer is filled with a reinforcing material. Hollow reinforcing nails are also arranged on the reinforcement layer. The number of reinforcing nails is several and arranged in an array, and the reinforcing nails vertically penetrate the protective unit; The lower end of the reinforcing nail is inserted downwards into the dam, and the upper end of the reinforcing nail extends out of the dam, which is convenient for fixing the protective unit on the dam; vegetative concrete is arranged in the reinforcing nail, and the vegetative concrete grows along the reinforcing nail into the dam and outside the dam respectively, which is beneficial to the ecological and environmental protection requirements of the dam.

[0007] Furthermore, the width of each protective unit is 2 - 5m, which is convenient for rapid paving. There is an overlap between adjacent protective units, increasing the contact area. The overlapping part of adjacent protective units is fixed by hot melt bonding, improving the bonding force between the protective units; the overlapping part of adjacent protective units is also covered with a fiber cloth. The fiber cloth is a strip-shaped high-bonding fiber cloth, and the fiber cloth is bonded to the protective unit, further improving the tensile capacity between the protective units.

[0008] Furthermore, the protective units at the top and toe of the dam are laid horizontally, and the protective units at the other positions are laid obliquely; a road surface structure is also arranged on the top of the dam, and the road surface structure covers above the protective unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the flexible layer is a layer structure made of a flexible fabric that adapts to the terrain, and the anti-scour layer is a layer structure made of a waterproof and wear-resistant flexible fabric. The width of the anti-scour layer is the same as that of the flexible layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the reinforcement layer is a flat-bag-shaped structure with both ends open made of a waterproof and sealed flexible fabric. The two open ends of the reinforcement layer are located at the toe and the top of the dam respectively. A waterproof zipper is arranged at the opening of the reinforcement layer, which is convenient for opening and closing the reinforcement layer. The width of the reinforcement layer is smaller than that of the anti-scour layer. After the two sides of the anti-scour layer extend outwards beyond the reinforcement layer, they are adhesively fixed to the two sides of the flexible layer, which is convenient for the overlap between the protective units.

[0011] Furthermore, the wire meshes are arranged on both the upper and lower inner surfaces of the reinforcement layer. The wire meshes are fixed to the reinforcement layer by hot pressing. The four edges of the upper and lower wire meshes abut against each other, enabling the reinforcement layer to improve its own strength; the reinforcing material is one of sand and gravel or solidified soil.

[0012] Furthermore, a number of holes are formed in the protection unit, and each hole penetrates through the flexible layer, the reinforcement layer and the anti-impact layer. A lower guide ring is arranged on the hole between the lower surfaces of the flexible layer and the reinforcement layer, and an upper guide ring is arranged on the hole between the upper surface of the reinforcement layer and the anti-impact layer. The cross-sections of the upper guide ring and the lower guide ring are both in the structure of an I-shaped wheel, and the upper guide ring and the lower guide ring both clamp the peripheral edges of the hole.

[0013] Furthermore, each of the holes is provided with the reinforcement nail. After each reinforcement nail passes through the corresponding hole, it is inserted into the dam. The upper guide ring and the lower guide ring are sleeved on the reinforcement nail up and down. A cover plate is buckled on the upper end of the reinforcement nail to facilitate temporary plugging of the reinforcement nail 12, and the cover plate covers the vegetation concrete; The distance between two adjacent reinforcement nails is 0.5-1 m, and the length of the reinforcement nail is 0.2-0.3 m. The reinforcement nail is a wedge-shaped column body with a hollow interior and upper and lower openings. The reinforcement nail is slidably connected with the lower guide ring. An outward-turned edge is integrally formed at the upper end of the reinforcement nail, and the outward-turned edge is connected with the upper guide ring. The lower end of the reinforcement nail is conical, and a number of growth holes are formed in the side wall of the lower end of the reinforcement nail to facilitate the downward growth of the plants in the vegetation concrete into the dam.

[0014] A method for protecting the overtopping of a river basin dike based on the concept of ecological restoration, based on the above protection structure, includes the following steps: Step 1, determination of protection requirements: According to the length and height ranges that the dam needs to guard against, customize the protection unit, and require that the width of each protection unit is not greater than 5 m, the distance between the reinforcement nails is 0.5-1 m, and the length is 0.2-0.3 m; Step 2, production of the protection unit: When producing each protection unit, produce the flexible layer, the reinforcement layer and the anti-impact layer, and connect and fix them as required. At the same time, arrange the reinforcement nails on each protection unit; repeat the above operations to manufacture a plurality of protection units, and transport the manufactured protection units to the dam top; Step 3, laying of the protection unit: Manually and quickly lay the protection unit on the backwater side of the dam, and extend one end of the protection unit downward to the dam toe, and at the same time extend the other end upward to a position 1-2 m above the dam top; uniformly fill the reinforcement layer at the dam toe, the backwater side of the dam and the dam top position with solidified soil; Step 4, fixation of the protection unit: After the reinforcement material is filled, manually use tools to ram the reinforcement nails into the dam, repeat the above operations to complete the laying and fixation of multiple protection units; at the same time, arrange vegetation concrete in each reinforcement nail, and buckle a cover plate on the upper end of the reinforcement nail to cover the vegetation concrete to cope with the flood, and remove the cover plate after the flood; Manually lap the protection units together and use a hot melt machine to quickly connect two adjacent protection units. On the basis of hot melt bonding, apply fiber cloth to further connect and fix the lap position between two adjacent protection units. After the flood, construct a road surface structure at the dam top position.

[0015] Through the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention mainly arranges multiple protection units on the backwater side of the dam. The multiple protection units are arranged along the length direction of the dam body, and can cover the dam that needs protection. The protection units are bonded and fixed to each other, and fiber cloth is used for secondary bonding, improving the waterproof and tensile properties at the splicing position. The protection units are laid from the dam top down to the dam toe to provide all-round protection for the dam. The protection units are composed of different layer structures, which can prevent seepage on the backwater side, effectively prevent the water flow from penetrating, scouring and eroding the dam surface, ensure the anti-seepage property and durability of the dam, and reduce the risk of overtopping and breach.

[0016] The lower layer of the present invention is a flexible layer that can adapt to the terrain and can closely fit the dam body and the outer slope of the dam. The middle layer is a reinforced layer in the form of a bag structure. The reinforced layer is combined with a wire mesh to form a composite structure. The inside of the reinforced layer can be filled with reinforcing materials. The reinforced layer is provided with a zipper for opening, which is convenient for filling the reinforcing materials. The upper layer is an anti-scouring layer, which has strong hydrophobic ability, can bear the over-flow of overtopping flood, and has high tensile strength to resist the scouring action of water flow. Through holes are arranged on the protection unit, and the through holes are adapted to the reinforcing nails, so that the reinforcing nails can pass through the protection unit and be inserted into the dam, ensuring the reliable combination of the protection unit and the dam and preventing it from falling off.

[0017] The present invention fills solidified soil in the reinforced layer, and at the same time constructs a road surface structure at the dam top to cover the protection unit, thereby forming a permanent protection structure, which has little disturbance and damage to the dam, effectively meets the over-flow demand of flood, and reduces the hydraulic erosion suffered by the dam. As a reinforcement measure, the reinforcing nails combined with the protection unit can not only protect the dam, but also the reinforcing nails are containers for holding vegetation concrete. The vegetation concrete meets the ecological and environmental protection requirements, realizing ecological restoration and greening. The roots of the vegetation concrete grow deep into the dam, improving the stability of the dam structure. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 is the front view of the overtopping protection structure of the river basin dike based on the concept of ecological restoration of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the lap of two adjacent protection units of the overtopping protection structure of the river basin dike based on the concept of ecological restoration of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the layer structure of the protection unit of the overtopping protection structure of the river basin dike based on the concept of ecological restoration of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram showing the combination of the protection unit and the reinforcement nails of the river embankment overtopping protection structure based on the concept of ecological restoration of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram showing the separation of the protection unit and the reinforcement nails of the river embankment overtopping protection structure based on the concept of ecological restoration of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram showing the state of transporting the protection unit by using a foam board in the river embankment overtopping protection method based on the concept of ecological restoration of the present invention.

[0024] The reference numerals in the drawings are: 1 wire mesh, 2 dam crest, 3 vegetation concrete, 4 outward turning edge, 5 dam toe, 6 protection unit, 7 fiber cloth, 8 flexible layer, 9 reinforcement layer, 10 erosion protection layer, 11 upper guide ring, 12 reinforcement nail, 13 lower guide ring, 14 road surface structure, 15 reinforcement material, 16 waterproof zipper, 17 convex ring, 18 foam board, 19 growth hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] The following makes a detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention with reference to the drawings: As Figures 1 to 6 shown, the river embankment overtopping protection structure based on the concept of ecological restoration is used to prevent the dam from overtopping and collapsing, and includes multiple protection units 6. The multiple protection units 6 are arranged on the dam in sequence along the river direction, that is, the dam is built along the river direction, and the multiple protection units 6 are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the dam and are closely attached to the dam surface. The cross-section of the dam is trapezoidal, the upper top of the dam is the dam crest 2, the two side surfaces of the dam are the water-facing side dam surface and the backwater side dam surface respectively, and the dam toe 5 is arranged at the bottom of the backwater side of the dam.

[0026] Each protection unit 6 is laid on the backwater side of the dam. The width of each protection unit 6 is 2 - 5m. The protection unit 6 extends from the dam toe 5 of the dam upward to the dam crest 2 of the dam. Laying the protection unit 6 at the position of the dam toe 5 is to weaken the impact of the water rushing down from the dam crest 2 on the bottom of the dam. The protection units 6 at the positions of the dam crest 2 and the dam toe 5 are laid horizontally, and the protection units 6 at the remaining positions are laid obliquely.

[0027] In this embodiment, each protection unit 6 includes a flexible layer 8, a flat-bag-shaped reinforcement layer 9, and an impact-resistant layer 10 that are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The flexible layer 8 is a layer structure made of a flexible fabric adapted to the terrain. Specifically, the flexible layer 8 is made of non-woven geotextile, or woven geotextile composed of geotextile, aramid fiber, steel wire, etc., or carbon fiber polyester-polyester hybrid geotextile. The impact-resistant layer 10 is a layer structure made of a waterproof and wear-resistant flexible fabric. Here, the impact-resistant layer 10 is a layer structure made of any one of PVC cold-resistant mesh plastic film material, fire hose material, or high-strength plastic film. The width of the impact-resistant layer 10 is the same as that of the flexible layer 8.

[0028] The reinforcement layer 9 is a flat-bag structure with both ends open, made of a waterproof and sealed flexible fabric. Specifically, the reinforcement layer 9 is made of air duct fabric or textile fabric. The width of the reinforcement layer 9 is smaller than that of the impact-resistant layer 10.

[0029] Both ends of the reinforcement layer 9 are open and are located at the dam toe 5 and the dam crest 2 respectively. Waterproof zippers 16 are provided at the openings of the reinforcement layer 9, that is, the number of waterproof zippers 16 is two. Through the waterproof zippers 16, fillers can be arranged into the reinforcement layer 9. After closing the waterproof zippers 16, the reinforcement layer 9 can be sealed to prevent the fillers from flowing out. The filler is the reinforcement material 15. Specifically, the reinforcement layer 9 is filled with the reinforcement material 15. The reinforcement material 15 is one of gravel or solidified soil. Preferably, the reinforcement material 15 is solidified soil for permanent reinforcement.

[0030] It should be noted that both the flexible layer 8 and the impact-resistant layer 10 in the protection unit 6 are single thin-layer structures, while the reinforcement layer 9 is a flat-bag structure. This means that a certain amount of reinforcement material 15 can be filled into the reinforcement layer 9. In the initial state, the reinforcement layer 9 is relatively flat. Once the reinforcement material 15 is filled into the reinforcement layer 9, the reinforcement layer 9 gradually expands and thickens, which is equivalent to using the reinforcement material 15 to support the reinforcement layer 9. Using the reinforcement material 15 with a certain weight and shape can improve the anti-scouring ability of the protection unit and at the same time promote better fitting of the protection unit to the dam surface.

[0031] To increase the structural strength of the reinforcement layer 9, a steel wire mesh 1 is provided inside the reinforcement layer 9. Specifically, the steel wire mesh 1 is arranged on both the upper and lower inner surfaces of the reinforcement layer 9. The steel wire mesh 1 is fixedly connected to the reinforcement layer 9 by hot pressing. The four edges of the upper and lower steel wire meshes 1 are abutted against each other, thereby improving the tensile performance of the reinforcement layer 9. In this way, the entire reinforcement layer 9 can be regarded as a composite structural member combining textile fabric and the steel wire mesh 1.

[0032] When the protection unit 6 is manufactured, the flexible layer 8, the reinforcement layer 9 and the impact-proof layer 10 are adhesively fixed in sequence. Specifically, an adhesive is provided between the reinforcement layer 9 and the flexible layer 8 for adhesive fixation. The reinforcement layer 9 and the impact-proof layer 10 are formed by extrusion and melting of adhesive fibers. At the same time, both sides of the impact-proof layer 10 extend outward beyond the reinforcement layer 9 and are adhesively fixed to both sides of the flexible layer 8. It should be noted that the adhesion on both sides of the impact-proof layer 10 and the flexible layer 8 does not affect the opening and closing of the waterproof zipper 16 because the adhesion position is not on the same side of the reinforcement layer 9 as the position of the waterproof zipper 16.

[0033] In order to improve the bonding strength between the protection unit 6 and the dam, hollow reinforcement nails 12 are also provided on the reinforcement layer 9. The number of the reinforcement nails 12 is several arranged in an array. The distance between two adjacent reinforcement nails 12 is 0.5 - 1 m, and the length of the reinforcement nails 12 is 0.2 - 0.3 m. The reinforcement nails 12 vertically penetrate the protection unit 6, that is, the lower ends of the reinforcement nails 12 are inserted downward into the dam, and the upper ends of the reinforcement nails 12 extend out of the dam. The protection unit 6 can be further fixed to the backwater side of the dam by using the reinforcement nails 12.

[0034] When the reinforcement nails 12 are installed, a number of circular holes are opened in the protection unit 6, and each hole penetrates through the flexible layer 8, the reinforcement layer 9 and the impact-proof layer 10. A lower guide ring 13 is provided on the hole between the lower surfaces of the flexible layer 8 and the reinforcement layer 9, and an upper guide ring 11 is provided on the hole between the upper surface of the reinforcement layer 9 and the impact-proof layer 10.

[0035] The upper guide ring 11 and the lower guide ring 13 are iron rings with an I-shaped wheel cross-section. Both the upper guide ring 11 and the lower guide ring 13 clamp the peripheral edges of the hole. Furthermore, the upper surface of the reinforcement layer 9 and the impact-proof layer 10 can be clamped and fixed through the upper guide ring 11, and the lower surface of the reinforcement layer 9 and the flexible layer 8 can be clamped and fixed through the lower guide ring 13.

[0036] On the basis of arranging holes in the protection unit 6, a reinforcement nail 12 is arranged in each hole. The reinforcement nail is a wedge-shaped column, and the lower end of the reinforcement nail 12 is conical. The protection unit 6 can be firmly fixed on the dam through the reinforcement nails 12 to prevent the protection unit 6 from deviating due to detachment. Each reinforcement nail 12 passes through the corresponding hole 11 and is inserted into the dam.

[0037] Thus, the upper guide ring 11 and the lower guide ring 13 are vertically sleeved on the reinforcement nail 12. It should be noted that the inner diameters of both the upper guide ring 11 and the lower guide ring 13 are the same as the outer diameter of the reinforcement nail 12, and the reinforcement nail 12 is slidably connected to the lower guide ring 13 and fixedly connected to the upper guide ring 11. In this way, it does not affect the expansion of the reinforcement layer 9 due to the filling of solidified soil, and at the same time, the solidified soil liquid will not flow out.

[0038] The upper end of the reinforcing nail 12 is integrally formed with an outward-turned edge 4, and the outward-turned edge 4 is connected and fixed to the upper guide ring 11, which can be achieved by bonding, welding or through a certain structure. That is, the upper guide ring 11 is fixed to the reinforcing nail 12 by an adhesive, or the upper guide ring 11 can be fixed to the reinforcing nail 12 by welding.

[0039] Preferably, on the basis that the reinforcing nail 12 has an outward-turned edge 4, a convex ring 17 protruding outward is provided on the side wall of the reinforcing nail 12. The cross-section of the convex ring 17 is semi-circular. The reinforcing nail 12 is rammed downward through the upper guide ring 11, so that the upper guide ring 11 is clamped between the convex ring 17 and the outward-turned edge 4, realizing the connection and fixation between the reinforcing nail 12 and the protection unit 6.

[0040] In this embodiment, the reinforcing nail 12 is a wedge-shaped column with a hollow interior and openings at both the top and bottom. The reinforcing nail 12 is made of iron, and vegetative concrete 3 is arranged inside the reinforcing nail 12. Limited by the structure of the reinforcing nail 12, the vegetative concrete 3 grows along the reinforcing nail 12 into the dam and outside the dam respectively. A plurality of growth holes 19 are opened on the side wall at the lower end of the reinforcing nail 12, so that the plant roots in the vegetative concrete 3 can penetrate through the growth holes 19 and take root in the dam.

[0041] A cover plate is buckled on the upper end of the reinforcing nail 12. The cover plate can be made of a plastic plate, which is not shown in the figure. The cover plate can be in interference fit with the inner wall of the reinforcing nail 12, and then the cover plate covers the vegetative concrete 3. When the flood overflows the top, the cover plate is used to prevent the flood from impacting the vegetative concrete 3. After the flood, the cover plate can be removed without affecting the normal growth of the plants in the vegetative concrete 3.

[0042] Since a plurality of protection units 6 are laid in the dam, the dam is protected to a certain extent by the plurality of protection units 6, greatly reducing the risk of the dam overflowing and collapsing when encountering floods. In order to improve the integrity between the protection units 6, two adjacent protection units 6 overlap. Specifically, there is an overlap between two adjacent protection units 6, and the overlapping part of two adjacent protection units 6 is fixed by hot melt bonding. At the same time, a fiber cloth 7 is also covered at the overlapping part of two adjacent protection units 6, and then the fiber cloth 7 is used for connection and fixation. The fiber cloth 7 is a strip-shaped high-adhesion fiber cloth 7, and the fiber cloth 7 is bonded to the protection unit 6.

[0043] A road surface structure 14 is also provided on the dam top 2, and the road surface structure 14 covers the protection unit 6. Through the cooperation between the protection units 6 to resist the overflowing flood, a road surface structure can be built at the position of the dam top 2 as a permanent protection structure. The road surface structure 14 is a prior art and is composed of a surface layer, a base layer and a cushion layer, and the road surface structure 14 covers the protection unit 6.

[0044] The present invention mainly forms a certain protection for the dike on the backwater slope of the dike through the protection unit 6. The protection unit 6 is composed of a flexible layer 8, a reinforcement layer 9 and an erosion protection layer 10. The layer structures cooperate with each other, which can improve the anti-seepage ability of the dike. The protection unit 6 is connected and fixed to the dike through a number of reinforcement nails 12 to prevent the displacement of the protection unit 6, so as to effectively cope with the erosion of floods. Vegetated concrete 3 is arranged inside the reinforcement nail 12. The roots of the vegetated concrete 3 extend into the dike to grow, and the plants of the vegetated concrete 3 are exposed on the surface of the protection unit 6. Therefore, it can not only protect the dike, but also meet the requirements of ecological environment protection. Subsequently, a road surface structure 14 is built on the dike top 2, and then it cooperates with the protection unit 6 to jointly form a permanent protection structure.

[0045] A method for protecting the overtopping of a river basin dike based on the concept of ecological restoration includes the following steps: Step 1, determination of protection requirements: According to the length and height ranges that the dike needs to guard against, and in combination with the predicted flood flow-through time, customize the protection unit 6 and determine the layout density of the reinforcement nails 12. It is required that the width of each protection unit 6 is not greater than 5 m, and the spacing between the reinforcement nails 12 is 0.5 - 1 m and the length is 0.2 - 0.3 m.

[0046] Step 2, production of the protection unit 6: When manufacturing each protection unit 6, produce the flexible layer 8, the reinforcement layer 9 and the erosion protection layer 10, and connect and fix them as required. At the same time, arrange holes and the corresponding upper guide ring 11 and lower guide ring 13 on the protection unit 6. Repeat the operation of Step 2 to manufacture multiple protection units 6, and transport the formed protection units 6 to the dike top 2.

[0047] When manufacturing the protection unit 6, arrange the reinforcement nails 12 on each protection unit 6. The reinforcement nails 12 can be pre-arranged on the protection unit 6, or can be arranged after the protection unit 6 is laid on site. When the reinforcement nails 12 are arranged afterwards, the protection unit 6 can be directly wound into a roll for shipment, and the reinforcement nails 12 can be transported separately and installed with the protection unit 6 after arriving at the site.

[0048] When the reinforcement nails 12 are pre-arranged, since the reinforcement nails 12 have a certain length and to prevent the reinforcement nails 12 from damaging the protection unit 6, the protection units 6 need to be arranged in an S-shaped stack up and down. A foam board 18 is arranged between the adjacent upper and lower layers of the protection unit 6. The reinforcement nails 12 are inserted into the foam board 18 to protect the reinforcement nails 12 and prevent them from piercing the layer structure of the protection unit 6. The foam board 18 plays a protective role, and the protection unit 6 and the foam board 18 are connected and fixed by a rope bundling method for transportation. After the entire protection unit 6 is transported to the site, the foam board 18 can be directly removed.

[0049] Step 3: Laying of the protection unit 6: Manually and quickly lay the protection unit 6 on the backwater side of the dam, extend one end of the protection unit 6 downward to the toe of the dam 5, and at the same time extend the other end upward to a position 1-2 m at the dam crest 2. Uniformly fill the reinforcement layer 9 at the toe of the dam 5, the backwater side of the dam, and the position at the dam crest 2 with solidified soil, and require the strength of the solidified soil to exceed 2 MPa to resist the impact of flood. After the solidified soil is filled, close the waterproof zipper 16 Step 4: Fixing of the protection unit 6: After the reinforcing material 15 is filled, manually use tools to hammer the reinforcing nails 12 into the dam, repeat the above operations, and complete the laying and fixing of multiple protection units 6. In this way, multiple protection units 6 can be fixed on the dam.

[0050] Arrange vegetative concrete 3 in each reinforcing nail 12. The vegetative concrete 3 can be arranged before or after the flood flows through. Whether it is before or after the flood flows through, a cover plate should be pre-fastened at the upper end of the reinforcing nail 12 to cope with the torrent. The purpose of the cover plate is to temporarily seal the reinforcing nail 12. When the vegetative concrete 3 has been arranged in the reinforcing nail 12, use the cover plate to cover the vegetative concrete 3 to prevent flood from entering the reinforcing nail 12 and impacting the vegetative concrete; when the vegetative concrete 3 has not been arranged in the reinforcing nail 12, use the cover plate to cover the dam to prevent flood from entering the reinforcing nail 12 and impacting the inside of the dam. Remove the cover plate after the torrent has passed.

[0051] Manually lap the protection units 6 together and quickly connect adjacent protection units 6 using a hot melt machine. On the basis of hot melt bonding, apply a fiber cloth 7 to connect and fix the lap position between adjacent protection units 6 again to ensure waterproofing and tensile resistance at the joint. Reconstruct the road surface structure 14 at the position of the dam crest 2 after the torrent has passed.

[0052] The above-described embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structure, features, and principles described in the scope of the present invention patent should be included in the scope of the present invention's patent application.

Claims

1. A watershed embankment overtopping protection structure based on the concept of ecological restoration, used to prevent embankment overtopping and collapse, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of protection units (6), wherein the plurality of protection units (6) are arranged on the embankment in sequence along the river direction, and two adjacent protection units (6) are overlapped and connected by fiber cloth (7); Each protection unit (6) is laid on the backwater side of the dam, and the protection unit (6) extends upward from the dam foot (5) to the dam top (2). Each protection unit (6) comprises a flexible layer (8), a flat bag-shaped reinforcement layer (9) and an anti-collision layer (10) which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the flexible layer (8), the reinforcement layer (9) and the anti-collision layer (10) are bonded and fixed in sequence; The reinforcement layer (9) is provided with a steel wire mesh (1), the reinforcement layer (9) is filled with reinforcement material (15), and the reinforcement layer (9) is also provided with hollow reinforcement nails (12), the number of the reinforcement nails (12) is a plurality of reinforcement nails arranged in an array, and the reinforcement nails (12) vertically penetrate the protection unit (6); The lower end of the reinforcing nail (12) is inserted downward into the dam, and the upper end of the reinforcing nail (12) extends out of the dam. Vegetative concrete (3) is arranged in the reinforcing nail (12), and the vegetative concrete (3) grows along the reinforcing nail (12) toward the inside and outside of the dam.

2. The watershed embankment overtopping protection structure based on the ecological restoration concept according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The width of each protective unit (6) is 2-5 m, and two adjacent protective units (6) overlap each other. The overlapping portion of the two adjacent protective units (6) is fixed by hot-melt bonding. The overlapping portion of the two adjacent protective units (6) is also covered with a fiber cloth (7), wherein the fiber cloth (7) is a strip of high-bonding fiber cloth (7), and the fiber cloth (7) is bonded to the protective unit (6).

3. The watershed embankment overtopping protection structure based on the ecological restoration concept according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The protection units (6) located at the dam top (2) and the dam foot (5) are laid horizontally, and the protection units (6) at other locations are laid obliquely; a pavement structure (14) is also provided on the dam top (2), and the pavement structure (14) covers the top of the protection units (6).

4. The watershed embankment overtopping protection structure based on the ecological restoration concept according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The flexible layer (8) is a layer structure made of a flexible fabric that is adaptive to terrain, and the anti-impact layer (10) is a layer structure made of a flexible fabric that is waterproof and wear-resistant. The width of the anti-impact layer (10) is consistent with the width of the flexible layer (8).

5. The overtopping protection structure for river embankments based on the concept of ecological restoration according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The reinforcement layer (9) is a flat bag structure made of a waterproof and sealed flexible cloth with openings at both ends. The openings at both ends of the reinforcement layer (9) are respectively located at the dam foot (5) and the dam top (2). A waterproof zipper (16) is provided at the opening of the reinforcement layer (9). The width of the reinforcement layer (9) is smaller than the width of the anti-impact layer (10). The two sides of the anti-impact layer (10) extend outwards and pass over the reinforcement layer (9) and are bonded and fixed to the two sides of the flexible layer (8).

6. The watershed embankment overtopping protection structure based on the ecological restoration concept according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steel wire mesh (1) is arranged on the upper and lower inner surfaces of the reinforcement layer (9), the steel wire mesh (1) and the reinforcement layer (9) are connected and fixed by hot pressing, and the edges of the upper and lower steel wire meshes (1) are in contact with each other; the reinforcement material (15) is a kind of sandstone or solidified soil.

7. The watershed embankment overtopping protection structure based on the ecological restoration concept according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The protection unit (6) is provided with a plurality of holes, each hole penetrating the flexible layer (8), the reinforcement layer (9) and the anti-impact layer (10); a lower guide ring (13) is provided on the hole between the lower surface of the flexible layer (8) and the reinforcement layer (9); an upper guide ring (11) is provided on the hole between the upper surface of the reinforcement layer (9) and the anti-impact layer (10); the cross-sections of the upper guide ring (11) and the lower guide ring (13) are both I-shaped wheel structures, and the upper guide ring (11) and the lower guide ring (13) both clamp the edges around the hole.

8. The overtopping protection structure for river embankments based on the concept of ecological restoration according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The reinforcing nail (12) is arranged in each hole, and each reinforcing nail (12) is inserted into the dam after passing through the corresponding hole (11), and the upper guide ring (11) and the lower guide ring (13) are inserted into the reinforcing nail (12) from top to bottom, and a cover plate is buckled on the upper end of the reinforcing nail (12), and the cover plate covers the top of the vegetation concrete (3); The spacing between two adjacent reinforcing nails (12) is 0.5-1m, and the length of the reinforcing nail (12) is 0.2-0.3m; the reinforcing nail (12) is a wedge-shaped column with a hollow interior and upper and lower openings; the reinforcing nail (12) is slidably connected to the lower guide ring (13); the upper end of the reinforcing nail (12) is integrally formed with an outer flange (4), and the outer flange (4) is connected to the upper guide ring (11); the lower end of the reinforcing nail (12) is conical, and a plurality of growth holes (19) are provided on the side wall of the lower end of the reinforcing nail (12).

9. A method for overtopping protection of river embankments based on the concept of ecological restoration, characterized in that: The protective structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: Step 1, determination of protection requirements: according to the length and height range of the dam to be protected, the protection unit (6) is customized, and the width of each protection unit (6) is required to be no greater than 5m, and the spacing between the reinforcement nails (12) is 0.5-1m and the length is 0.2-0.3m; Step 2, manufacturing of the protection unit (6): when manufacturing each protection unit (6), a flexible layer (8), a reinforcement layer (9) and an anti-collision layer (10) are manufactured and connected and fixed as required, and reinforcement nails (12) are arranged on each protection unit (6); the above operation is repeated to manufacture a plurality of protection units (6), and the manufactured protection units (6) are transported to the dam top (2); Step 3, laying of the protection unit (6): quickly laying the protection unit (6) manually on the backwater side of the dam, extending one end of the protection unit (6) downward to the dam foot (5), and extending the other end upward to 1-2 m above the dam top (2); uniformly filling the reinforcement layer (9) at the dam foot (5), the backwater side of the dam, and the dam top (2); Step 4, fixing the protection unit (6): after the reinforcement material (15) is filled, the reinforcement nails (12) are manually rammed into the embankment using tools, and the above operation is repeated to complete the laying and fixing of multiple protection units (6); at the same time, the vegetation concrete (3) is arranged in each reinforcement nail (12), and a cover plate is buckled on the upper end of the reinforcement nail (12) to cover the vegetation concrete (3) to deal with the flood, and the cover plate is removed after the flood; The protection units (6) are manually overlapped together, two adjacent protection units (6) are quickly connected together using a hot melt machine, and a fiber cloth (7) is used to reconnect and fix the overlapped positions between the two adjacent protection units (6) based on the hot melt bonding; after the flood, a road surface structure (14) is constructed at the dam top (2).

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