Intelligent wearable device and method for detecting voltage and field intensity of electrical equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent wearable device and method for detecting voltage and field intensity of electrical equipment, and belongs to the technical field of safety detection.The intelligent wearable device comprises an intelligent processing central unit, a voltage and field intensity detection module, an OLED display module, a voice broadcast module, a temperature detection module and a heart rate detection module; continuous and dynamic data monitoring can be carried out on voltage and field intensity distribution and size of the interior and the interface of the electrical equipment in a non-direct contact mode, physical contact is not needed, and high-insulation, safe and reliable accurate voltage and field intensity data acquisition can be achieved by wearing the wrist-wearing type voltage and field intensity monitoring device on the wrist. Meanwhile, the incidence relation between the voltage and field intensity data and the heart rate of the electrical equipment employee is analyzed, effective data support is provided for occupational health of the electrical equipment employee, and it is ensured that the employee is within the safety limitation range so as to be protected against electric field injuries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of detection, relates to the safety detection technology for electrical practitioners, and specifically is an intelligent wearable device and method for detecting the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the development of technology, electrical equipment plays an increasingly important role in our daily life and industrial production. However, during the use of electrical equipment, voltage fluctuations or abnormal electromagnetic field intensities may occur. These abnormal situations may affect the normal operation of the equipment and even lead to safety accidents. Therefore, it is particularly important to monitor and give early warnings to electrical equipment in real time. Existing electrical equipment monitoring methods usually rely on fixed detection devices, which often require professional operation and can only be detected at specific positions, limiting the flexibility and real-time nature of monitoring. These devices generally include voltage sensors, current sensors, field strength sensors, etc., but cannot achieve mobile monitoring and real-time warning. It is difficult to meet the high requirements for electrical safety monitoring in fields such as modern industrial production and intelligent electricity. It is also impossible to effectively analyze the data correlation between voltage and electric field data and the physical health status of electrical practitioners, and impossible to verify the influence degree of the electric field environment on the heart rate of practitioners. Against this background, it is particularly necessary to develop an intelligent wearable device that can monitor the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment in real time.

[0003] With the development of Internet of Things and intelligent hardware technologies, intelligent wearable devices such as smart watches and smart bracelets have gradually become popular. These devices have certain data acquisition and processing capabilities, but have not been widely applied to the monitoring of electrical equipment. Existing voltage and field strength monitoring methods mainly rely on professional detection instruments, such as electromagnetic radiation analyzers, voltage testers, etc. Although these methods are accurate, they are complex to operate and costly, and are not suitable for large-scale popularization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above background art, to solve the drawbacks and deficiencies existing in the prior art, the present application proposes an intelligent wearable device and method for detecting the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment. This device can monitor the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment in real time and dynamically, analyze the data through intelligent algorithms, and send out early warning information in a timely manner. At the same time, it analyzes the correlation between the magnitudes of voltage and field strength data and the heart rate of electrical equipment practitioners, providing effective data support for the occupational health of electrical practitioners. This device and method enable electrical practitioners to detect whether an electrical equipment is charged in a non-contact manner and view the electric field strength and voltage at any time, so as to further take effective measures to ensure that practitioners are within the safety limit range to protect them from electric field and electric shock injuries.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] An intelligent wearable device for detecting the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment, comprising:

[0007] Intelligent processing central unit: The intelligent processing central module is used to process temperature signals, heart rate signals, voltage and field strength signals, analyze whether the detected voltage and field strength, heart rate, and temperature signals reach the warning value, and dynamically adjust the brightness of the OLED display;

[0008] Voltage and field strength detection module: The voltage and field strength detection module is used to measure the voltage and field strength values. The voltage and field strength detection module is electrically connected to the intelligent processing central unit and the OLED display module respectively;

[0009] OLED display module: The OLED display module adopts a current drive mode and adjusts the brightness according to the current magnitude. The OLED display module will adjust the brightness according to the size ratio of the voltage and field strength; The content of the OLED display module includes time, temperature, heart rate, field strength and voltage, the influence degree of field strength and voltage on heart rate, and the influence degree of temperature on heart rate;

[0010] Voice broadcast module: The voice broadcast module is electrically connected to the intelligent processing central module and is used to broadcast temperature warnings, heart rate warnings, field strength and voltage warnings;

[0011] Temperature detection module: The temperature detection module is electrically connected to the intelligent processing central module and is used to detect the temperature signal processed by the intelligent processing central module and the ambient temperature;

[0012] Heart rate detection module: The heart rate detection module is electrically connected to the intelligent processing central module. The heart rate detection module uses an LED lamp and an optical sensor to detect the intensity change of the reflected light to detect the heart rate of the user, and combines an algorithm to calculate the heart rate value, and automatically adaptively calibrates the heart rate detection data according to the individual differences of the user.

[0013] Moreover, it also includes a remote communication transmission module. The remote communication transmission module supports Bluetooth, wifi, 4G and 5G signal communications, can be intelligently matched with a mobile phone, and communicate with the mobile phone for information exchange.

[0014] Moreover, both the voltage and field strength detection module and the OLED display module adopt active and passive modes. When the battery cannot reach the effective voltage, it automatically switches to the passive mode. In the case of a place with electrical equipment with voltage and field strength when the battery is out of power, the OLED display module can still work.

[0015] Moreover, the voltage and field strength detection module includes two probe detection methods, namely, a suspension probe and an optoelectronic probe. The suspension probes are respectively placed at the diagonal corners on both sides of the intelligent wearable device, and the optoelectronic probes are respectively placed at the diagonal corners on both sides of the intelligent wearable device symmetric to the suspension probes; the voltage and field strength detection module is built-in with a unit for measuring distance.

[0016] Moreover, the intelligent processing central module can monitor the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment in real time and dynamically, analyze the data through intelligent algorithms, analyze the correlation between the magnitudes of the voltage and field strength data and the heart rate of electrical equipment practitioners, and send out early warning information in a timely manner.

[0017] A detection method for an intelligent wearable device for detecting the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment, the specific steps include:

[0018] S1 The device approaches the electrical equipment and the device completes initialization:

[0019] The voltage and field strength detection module scans the surrounding voltage and field strength, collects voltage and field strength signals, and filters the voltage and field strength signals;

[0020] The heart rate detection module collects the heart rate signal of the wearer;

[0021] The temperature detection module collects the temperature signal of the intelligent processing central module and the ambient temperature signal;

[0022] S2 The intelligent processing central module receives and processes the temperature signal, heart rate signal, voltage and field strength signal, and sends the processing result to the OLED display module for display in real time;

[0023] S3 The intelligent processing central module analyzes whether the detected voltage and field strength, heart rate, and temperature signals reach the warning value. If the warning value is exceeded, an alarm signal is sent;

[0024] S4 The alarm signal is sent to the OLED display module for display, and at the same time, it is sent to the voice broadcast module for voice broadcast.

[0025] Moreover, in step S4, after the heart rate of the user exceeds the warning value or the voltage and field strength exceed the warning value, the remote communication transmission module actively requests communication and transmits the information to the contact phone number of the pre-set emergency contact.

[0026] Moreover, the electric field induction probe matched with the voltage and field strength detection module includes symmetrically inclined suspension probes and optoelectronic probes. The suspension probes and the optoelectronic probes detect synchronously, calculate the field strength respectively, and further process the filtered signal to obtain the real-time effective value of the field strength E. According to the direct distance measured by the built-in distance measurement unit, the numerical distance L is obtained, and the voltage value U = EL is obtained indirectly.

[0027] Moreover, the suspension probe calculates the electric field strength by measuring the charge. Similarly, the charge is differentiated by an electronic circuit to obtain the induced current, so as to measure the field strength. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0028] I = 3πε 0 ωr 2 E

[0029] In the formula: ε 0 is the permittivity of vacuum; r is the radius of the suspension sphere; E is the external field strength; I is the induced current obtained by differentiating the charge through an electronic circuit; ω is the angular frequency 2πf.

[0030] Moreover, the optoelectronic probe uses the Pockels effect. The electric field will cause double refraction of light, and its magnitude is proportional to the field strength. The intensity of polarized light passing through the crystal and related optical elements is modulated by the induced birefringence. Under the condition that the crystal itself does not emit light, the amplitude of the light modulation is a measure of the field strength inside the crystal, and thus an indirect measure of the external electric field. The basic formulas for implementation of scanning and detection are as follows:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula: I t is the transmitted light; I i is the incident light; λ is the wavelength of light; n is the refractive index of the crystal; E is the field strength inside the crystal, which is indirectly equal to the external field strength; c is the optoelectronic coefficient; L is the thickness of the crystal.

[0033] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0034] The device and method of the present invention can continuously and dynamically monitor the voltage and field strength distribution and magnitude inside and at the interfaces of electrical equipment through a non-direct contact method. Without physical contact, it is worn on the wrist to achieve high insulation, safe and reliable acquisition of accurate voltage and field strength data. At the same time, it analyzes the correlation between the magnitude of voltage and field strength data and the heart rate of electrical equipment practitioners, providing effective data support for the occupational health of electrical practitioners. The device and its method can enable electrical practitioners to non-contact detect whether the electrical equipment is energized and view the electric field strength and voltage at any time, so as to further take effective measures to ensure that practitioners are within the safe limit range to protect them from electric field damage. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings required for description in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a functional block diagram of an intelligent wearable device and its method for detecting the voltage and electric field strength of electrical equipment.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an intelligent wearable device and its method for detecting the voltage and electric field strength of electrical equipment.

[0038] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the intelligent algorithm of an intelligent wearable device and its method for detecting the voltage and electric field strength of electrical equipment. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] To make the structure and advantages of the present invention clearer, the structure of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] An intelligent wearable device for detecting the voltage and electric field strength of electrical equipment, as shown in the attached Figure 1 figure, includes the following main modules: an intelligent processing central unit, a temperature detection module, a heart rate detection module, a power supply module, a voltage and electric field strength detection module, and an OLED display module.

[0041] Intelligent Processing Central Module: The intelligent processing central module processes temperature signals, heart rate signals, voltage and field strength signals and displays them on the OLED display screen. The intelligent processing central module analyzes whether the detected voltage, field strength, heart rate, and temperature signals reach the warning value. If the warning value is exceeded, it dynamically adjusts the brightness of the OLED display. The intelligent processing central module provides a drive source with adjustable current size for the OLED display, and at the same time protects the OLED display from being burned out due to the increase of voltage, field strength, heart rate, and temperature signals. The intelligent processing central module real-time detects the power supply situation of the power supply module. Once the power supply capacity of the power supply module drops to the safe capacity, the intelligent processing central module will voice broadcast the power supply capacity through the voice broadcast function module, and at the same time start the passive power supply function to ensure that the user can effectively detect the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment, their own heart rate, and environmental temperature value under any circumstances, so as to perform real-time display and intelligent data comparison and analysis, and give the influence relationship between temperature and the heart rate of practitioners and the influence relationship between voltage and field strength and the heart rate of practitioners, so as to further give effective preventive measure suggestions, and conduct local and remote communication voice broadcasts and safety warnings. It can real-time and dynamically monitor the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment, analyze data through intelligent algorithms, issue warning information in a timely manner, and at the same time analyze the correlation between the magnitude of voltage and field strength data and the heart rate of electrical equipment practitioners, providing effective data support for the occupational health of electrical practitioners. This device and its method enable electrical practitioners to non-contact detect whether electrical equipment is charged and view the electric field strength and voltage at any time, so as to further take effective measures to ensure that practitioners are within the safe limit range to protect practitioners from electric field and electric shock injuries.

[0042] Voltage and Field Strength Detection Module: It is used to measure the voltage and field strength values. The voltage and field strength detection module is respectively connected to the intelligent processing central unit and the OLED display module for data intercommunication. The voltage and field strength detection module adopts two modes: active and passive. The active working mode is preferred. When the battery cannot reach the effective voltage, it automatically switches to the passive detection mode. The voltage and field strength detection module includes two probe detection methods. One is the floating body probe mode, which is respectively placed at the diagonal corners on both sides of the intelligent wearable device. The other is the optical probe, which is respectively placed at the diagonal corners on both sides of the intelligent wearable device symmetric to the floating body probe to ensure that the voltage and field strength values can be accurately measured under any conditions and no corresponding values can be read due to the damage of any one probe. The voltage and field strength detection module has a built-in unit for measuring distance.

[0043] OLED Display Module: The OLED display module adopts two power supply methods. One is the active power supply method, and the other is the passive power supply method. The active power supply is provided by the power supply module, and the passive power supply is provided by the voltage and field strength detection module. To ensure that the OLED display module can still work and display normally when the battery is out of power and in the presence of electrical equipment with voltage and field strength, the OLED display module adopts a current drive mode and adjusts the brightness according to the current magnitude. The power supply method of the power supply module is preferentially selected, and the set current is a fixed value of 90uA. When the intelligent wearable device detects that the voltage and field strength exceed the safety voltage and safety field strength, the OLED display module will adjust the brightness according to the proportional relationship between the voltage and field strength. When the voltage and field strength reach the alarm value, the OLED display module remains at the maximum brightness. The content of the OLED display module includes information such as time, temperature, heart rate, field strength and voltage, the influence degree of field strength and voltage on heart rate, and the influence degree of temperature on heart rate.

[0044] Voice Announcement Module: The voice announcement module mainly announces temperature warnings, heart rate warnings, field strength and voltage warnings. When the temperature reaches the warning value, the voice will announce the temperature value and remind the person of the cooling measures to be taken. The warning time can be manually set within 1 - 5 minutes, and the default value is 1 minute. When the heart rate reaches the warning value, the voice will announce the heart rate value and remind the person of the measures to reduce the heart rate. The warning time can be manually set within 30 seconds - 5 minutes, and the default value is 30 seconds. When the field strength and voltage reach the warning value, the warning value will be selected and automatically judged according to the detected values. The voice will announce the field strength and voltage values and remind the person of the safe distance range. The warning time can be manually set within 1 second - 5 minutes, and the default value is 5 minutes. The voice announcement function can select the announcement mode, and the announcement modes are voice plus ringtone mode, voice plus vibration mode, or silent plus vibration reminder mode.

[0045] Temperature Detection Module: It detects the temperature signal processed by the intelligent processing central module and the ambient temperature, and the temperature signal is transmitted to the intelligent processing central module in real time.

[0046] Heart Rate Detection Module: The heart rate detection module uses an LED lamp and an optical sensor to detect the change in the intensity of the reflected light, and calculates the heart rate value by combining algorithms. It adopts a card type, is small in size and does not occupy space. Through machine learning algorithms, it automatically adapts and calibrates the heart rate detection data according to the individual differences of the users. It has the functions of remote heart rate monitoring and alarm in case of emergency. When an emergency occurs to the user, the heart rate detection module can send notifications in a timely manner according to the pre - set emergency contacts to provide further safety guarantees.

[0047] Remote communication transmission module: The remote communication transmission module supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 4G, and 5G signal communications, can be intelligently matched with a mobile phone, communicate with the mobile phone for information exchange, and after the heart rate of the user exceeds the warning value or the voltage and field strength exceed the warning value, the remote communication transmission module actively requests communication and transmits the information to the contact phone number of the pre-set emergency contact.

[0048] See the appendix Figure 2 As shown, in the schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the device, the structural modules of the intelligent wearable device for detecting the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment are all integrated on the card-shaped disc hardware. Electrical practitioners can wear the intelligent wearable device for detecting the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment on the wrist through a fixing band, and closely contact the back of the OLED display with the wrist at the position facing the palm. After turning on the device power switch, the current time, temperature, heart rate, voltage, and field strength values will be displayed on the OLED display.

[0049] A detection method for an intelligent wearable device for detecting the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment. See the appendix Figure 3 As shown, when an electrical practitioner approaches a live electrical equipment,

[0050] S1 The voltage and field strength detection module scans and detects the surrounding field strength and voltage, and the built-in ranging unit simultaneously scans and detects the surrounding in real time. Among them, the electric field induction probe matched with the voltage and field strength detection module includes an obliquely symmetric suspension probe and a photoelectric probe:

[0051] The suspension probe calculates the electric field strength by measuring the charge. Similarly, the charge is differentiated by an electronic circuit to obtain the induced current, so as to measure the field strength. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0052] I = 3πε 0 ωr 2 E

[0053] In the formula: ε 0 is the permittivity of vacuum; r is the radius of the suspension sphere; E is the external field strength; I is the induced current obtained by differentiating the charge by an electronic circuit; ω is the angular frequency 2πf;

[0054] The photoelectric probe uses the Pockels effect. The electric field will cause double refraction of light, and its magnitude is proportional to the field strength. The intensity of the polarized light passing through the crystal and related optical elements is modulated by the induced double refraction. Under the condition that the crystal itself does not emit light, the amplitude of the light modulation is a measure of the internal field strength of the crystal, and thus an indirect measure of the external electric field. The basic formula for implementing scanning and detection is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] In the formula: I t is the transmitted light; Ii is the incident light; λ is the wavelength of the light; n is the refractive index of the crystal; E is the electric field strength inside the crystal, which is indirectly equal to the external electric field strength; c is the optoelectronic coefficient; L is the thickness of the crystal.

[0057] Calculate the electric field strength through the above two sets of formulas respectively, further process the filtered signal to obtain the real-time effective value of the electric field strength, obtain the numerical distance L according to the direct distance measured by the built-in ranging unit, and indirectly obtain the voltage value U = EL.

[0058] The S2 intelligent processing central module receives and processes the temperature signal, heart rate signal, voltage and electric field strength signals, and sends the processing results to the OLED display module for real-time display;

[0059] The S3 intelligent processing central module analyzes whether the detected voltage, electric field strength, heart rate, and temperature signals reach the warning value. If the warning value is exceeded, an alarm signal is issued;

[0060] The S4 alarm signal is sent to the OLED display module for display, and at the same time sent to the voice broadcast module for voice broadcast. After the user's heart rate exceeds the warning value or the voltage and electric field strength exceed the warning value, the remote communication transmission module actively requests communication and transmits the information to the contact phone number of the pre-set emergency contact.

[0061] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart wearable device for detecting voltage and field strength of electrical equipment, characterized in that: include: Intelligent processing central unit: The intelligent processing central module is used to process temperature signals, heart rate signals, voltage and field strength signals, analyze whether the detected voltage and field strength, heart rate, and temperature signals have reached the warning value, and dynamically adjust the OLED display brightness; Voltage and field strength detection module: The voltage and field strength detection module is used to measure the voltage and field strength values. The voltage and field strength detection module is electrically connected to the intelligent processing central unit and the OLED display module respectively; OLED display module: The OLED display module adopts current drive mode and adjusts brightness according to the current size. The OLED display module adjusts brightness according to the ratio of voltage and field strength. The content of the OLED display module includes time, temperature, heart rate, field strength and voltage, the influence of field strength and voltage on heart rate, and the influence of temperature on heart rate. Voice broadcast module: The voice broadcast module is electrically connected to the intelligent processing central module and is used to broadcast temperature warning, heart rate warning, field strength and voltage warning; Temperature detection module: The temperature detection module is electrically connected to the intelligent processing central module and is used to detect the temperature signal processed by the intelligent processing central module and the ambient temperature; Heart rate detection module: The heart rate detection module is electrically connected to the intelligent processing central module. The heart rate detection module uses LED lights and optical sensors to detect changes in the intensity of reflected light to detect the user's heart rate, and calculates the heart rate value in combination with an algorithm. It automatically and adaptively calibrates the heart rate detection data according to the individual differences of the user.

2. The smart wearable device for detecting voltage and field strength of electrical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a remote communication transmission module, which supports Bluetooth, wifi, 4G and 5G signal communications, can be intelligently matched with a mobile phone, and exchange information with the mobile phone.

3. The smart wearable device for detecting voltage and field strength of electrical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage and field strength detection module and the OLED display module both adopt active and passive modes. When the battery cannot reach the effective voltage, it automatically switches to the passive mode. When the battery is out of power and encounters an electrical equipment place with voltage and field strength, the OLED display module can still work.

4. The smart wearable device for detecting voltage and field strength of electrical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage and field strength detection module includes two probe detection modes: a suspended body probe and a photoelectric probe. The suspended body probes are respectively placed at diagonal corners on both sides of the smart wearable device, and the photoelectric probes are respectively placed at diagonal corners on both sides of the smart wearable device symmetrical to the suspended body probes. The voltage and field strength detection module has a built-in unit for measuring distance.

5. The smart wearable device for detecting voltage and field strength of electrical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent processing central module can monitor the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment in real time and dynamically, and analyze the data through intelligent algorithms, analyze the correlation between the size of the voltage and field strength data and the heart rate of electrical equipment practitioners, and issue early warning information in a timely manner.

6. A detection method for a smart wearable device for detecting voltage and field strength of electrical equipment, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1 device approaches electrical equipment and the device completes initialization: The voltage and field strength detection module scans the surrounding voltage and field strength, collects voltage and field strength signals, and performs filtering on the voltage and field strength signals; The heart rate detection module collects the heart rate signal of the wearer; The temperature detection module collects the temperature signal of the intelligent processing central module and the ambient temperature signal; The S2 intelligent processing central module receives and processes temperature signals, heart rate signals, voltage and field strength signals, and sends the processing results to the OLED display module for display in real time; The S3 intelligent processing central module analyzes the detected voltage, field strength, heart rate, and temperature signals to see if they have reached the warning value. If they exceed the warning value, an alarm signal is issued; The S4 alarm signal is transmitted to the OLED display module for display and to the voice broadcast module for voice broadcast.

7. The detection method of the smart wearable device for detecting the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step S4: After the user's heart rate exceeds the warning value or the voltage and field strength exceed the warning value, the remote communication transmission module actively requests communication and transmits the information to the pre-set emergency contact's contact number.

8. The detection method of the smart wearable device for detecting the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electric field sensing probe matched with the voltage and field strength detection module includes an obliquely symmetrical suspended body probe and a photoelectric probe. The suspended body probe and the photoelectric probe detect synchronously, calculate the field strength respectively, and further process the filtered signal to obtain the real-time effective value of the field strength E. The numerical distance L is obtained according to the direct distance measured by the built-in ranging unit, and the voltage value U=EL is obtained.

9. The detection method of the smart wearable device for detecting the voltage and field strength of electrical equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The suspension probe calculates the electric field strength by measuring the charge. Similarly, the charge is differentiated by an electronic circuit to obtain the induced current, thereby measuring the field strength. The calculation formula is as follows: I=3πε0ωr 2 E In the formula: ε0 is the dielectric constant of vacuum; r is the radius of the suspended body; E is the external field strength; I is the induced current of the electronic circuit differentiation of the charge; ω is the angular frequency 2πf.

10. The detection method of a smart wearable device for detecting voltage and field strength of electrical equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The photoelectric probe uses the Pockels effect. The electric field will cause birefringence of light, and its magnitude is proportional to the field strength. The intensity of polarized light passing through the crystal and related optical elements is modulated by the induced birefringence. Under the condition that the crystal itself does not emit light, the amplitude of the light modulation is a measure of the field strength inside the crystal, and thus an indirect measure of the external electric field. The basic formula for implementing scanning and detection is as follows: Where: I t I is the transmitted light; t is the incident light; λ is the wavelength of light; n is the refractive index of the crystal; E is the field intensity inside the crystal, which is indirectly equal to the external field intensity; c is the photoelectric coefficient; L is the thickness of the crystal.

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