Method of operation of source remote UE related to measurement report configuration for UE-to-UE relaying in wireless communication system

Abstract

An embodiment relates to a method of operating a source remote UE related to a measurement report configuration of a user equipment (UE)-to-UE relay in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: selecting, by the source remote UE, a relay UE based on signal strength; establishing, by the source remote UE, a PC5 connection with the relay UE; the source remote UE establishes PC5 connection with the target remote UE through the relay UE; configuring, by the source remote UE, an SL measurement configuration between the relay UE and the target remote UE for the relay UE; and receiving, by the source remote UE from the relay UE, a measurement result between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following description relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a configuration of a measurement report related to measurements between a relay UE and a target remote UE in user equipment (UE) - to - UE relay, and an operation method and apparatus related thereto. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems employ various radio access technologies (RATs) such as Long - Term Evolution (LTE), LTE - Advanced (LTE - A), and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi). The 5th generation (5G) is also included in the RATs. The three key requirement areas of 5G are (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) massive machine - type communication (mMTC), and (3) ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC). Some use cases may require multiple dimensions for optimization, while other use cases may focus only on one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports these various use cases in a flexible and reliable manner.

[0003] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access and encompasses rich interactive work, media, and entertainment applications in the cloud or augmented reality (AR). Data is one of the key drivers of 5G, and in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be seen for the first time. In 5G, it is expected that voice will be treated as an application using only the data connectivity provided by the communication system. The main drivers of increasing traffic are the number of applications requiring high data rates and the increase in content size. As more and more devices are connected to the Internet, streaming services (audio and video), interactive video, and mobile Internet connectivity will continue to be widely used. Many of these applications require always - on connections to push real - time information and notifications to users. Cloud storage and applications for mobile communication platforms are increasing rapidly. This applies to both work and entertainment. Cloud storage is a particular use case driving the growth of uplink data rates. 5G will also be used for remote work in the cloud, which requires much lower end - to - end latency when completed with a tactile interface to maintain a good user experience. Entertainment (e.g., cloud gaming and video streaming) is another key driver increasing the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment will be crucial for smartphones and tablets anywhere in high - mobility environments such as trains, cars, and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality (AR) for entertainment and information search, which requires very little latency and a large amount of instant data.

[0004] One of the most anticipated 5G use cases is the ability to actively connect embedded sensors in every domain (i.e., mMTC). It is expected that by 2020, there will be 20.4 billion potential Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In industrial IoT, 5G is one of the areas that play a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure.

[0005] URLLC includes services that will revolutionize industries by leveraging ultra-reliable / low-latency links, such as remote control of critical infrastructure and autonomous vehicles. The levels of reliability and latency are crucial for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, drone control and coordination, etc.

[0006] Now, multiple use cases will be described in detail.

[0007] 5G can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)) as a means of providing streams of data rates from hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second. Such high speeds are required for virtual reality (VR) and AR, as well as TV broadcasts with a resolution of 4K or higher (6K, 8K, or higher). VR and AR applications mainly include immersive sports events. Specific applications may require special network configurations. For example, for VR games, game companies may have to integrate the core server with the edge network server of the network operator to minimize latency.

[0008] The automotive industry is expected to be a very important new driver of 5G, with many use cases for mobile communications in vehicles. For example, in-vehicle entertainment for passengers requires both high capacity and high mobility mobile broadband, as future users will expect to maintain their high-quality connections at all times, regardless of their location and speed. Other use cases in the automotive industry are AR dashboards. These dashboards display overlay information on what the driver is seeing through the front window, identify objects in the dark, and inform the driver of the distance and movement of the objects. In the future, wireless modules will be able to enable communication between vehicles themselves, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., devices carried by pedestrians). Safety systems can guide drivers to take alternative courses of action to enable them to drive more safely and reduce the risk of accidents. The next stage will be remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles. This requires very reliable and very fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities while the driver focuses on traffic anomalies that are elusive to the vehicle itself. The technical requirements for autonomous vehicles require ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability, thus increasing traffic safety to a level that humans cannot achieve.

[0009] Smart cities and smart homes, often referred to as the intelligent society, will be embedded with dense wireless sensor networks. A distributed network of smart sensors will identify the cost and energy efficiency maintenance conditions of the city or home. Similar setups can be made for each household, where temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and household appliances are all connected wirelessly. Many of these sensors typically feature low data rates, low power, and low cost, but for example, real-time high-definition (HD) video may be required in certain types of monitoring devices.

[0010] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, are becoming highly decentralized, creating a need for the automatic control of very dispersed sensor networks. Smart grids use digital information and communication technologies to interconnect these sensors to collect information and act on it. This information can include information about the behavior of suppliers and consumers, enabling smart grids to improve the efficiency, reliability, economic feasibility, and production sustainability of the distribution of fuels such as electricity in an automated manner. Smart grids can be regarded as another sensor network with low latency.

[0011] The healthcare field has many applications that can benefit from mobile communication. Communication systems enable telemedicine, which provides clinical medical services at a distance. It helps eliminate distance barriers and improves access to medical services that are often not continuously available in remote rural communities. It can also be used to save lives in intensive care and emergency situations. Wireless sensor networks based on mobile communication can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0012] Wireless and mobile communication are becoming increasingly important for industrial applications. The installation and maintenance costs of wires are high, and the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive opportunity for many industries. However, to achieve this, wireless connections need to operate with a latency, reliability, and capacity similar to that of cables and simplify their management. Low latency and extremely low error probability are new requirements that 5G needs to address.

[0013] Finally, logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communication to enable the tracking of inventory and packages anywhere they are located using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight tracking use cases typically require lower data speeds but need wide coverage and reliable location information.

[0014] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports the communication of multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA systems, FDMA systems, TDMA systems, OFDMA systems, SC-FDMA systems, and MC-FDMA systems.

[0015] A sidelink (SL) is a communication scheme in which a direct link is established between user equipments (UEs) and the UEs directly exchange voice or data without the intervention of a base station (BS). The SL is considered as a solution to relieve the rapidly increasing data traffic constraint of the BS.

[0016] Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a communication technology in which a vehicle exchanges information with another vehicle, a pedestrian, and an infrastructure through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be classified into four types: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). The V2X communication can be provided via a PC5 interface and / or a Uu interface.

[0017] As more and more communication devices require a greater communication capacity, enhanced mobile broadband communication relative to existing radio access technologies (RATs) is needed. Accordingly, communication systems that take into account services or UEs sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. A next-generation RAT that takes into account enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (MTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) is called a new RAT or NR. In NR, V2X communication can also be supported.

[0018] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between V2X communication based on a RAT prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0019] For V2X communication, in a pre-NR RAT, technologies for providing security services based on V2X messages such as basic safety messages (BSMs), cooperative awareness messages (CAMs), and decentralized environmental notification messages (DENMs) have been mainly discussed. The V2X messages can include location information, dynamic information, and attribute information. For example, a UE can send a CAM of a periodic message type and / or a DENM of an event-triggered type to another UE.

[0020] For example, a CAM can include basic vehicle information, including dynamic state information such as direction and speed, vehicle static data such as dimensions, external lighting state, path details, etc. For example, a UE can broadcast a CAM, and the latency of the CAM can be less than 100 ms. For example, when an unexpected event such as a vehicle breakdown or an accident occurs, a UE can generate a DENM and send the DENM to another UE. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the UE can receive the CAM and / or the DENM. In this case, the priority of the DENM can be higher than that of the CAM.

[0021] Regarding V2X communication, various V2X scenarios have been proposed in NR. For example, the V2X scenarios include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving.

[0022] For example, vehicles can be grouped and made to travel together dynamically based on vehicle queuing. For example, in order to perform queuing operations based on vehicle queuing, vehicles in a group can receive periodic data from a leading vehicle. For example, vehicles in a group can widen or narrow their gaps based on the periodic data.

[0023] For example, based on advanced driving, a vehicle can be semi-automatic or fully automatic. For example, each vehicle can adjust its trajectory or maneuver based on data obtained from nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. For example, each vehicle can also share its driving intention with nearby vehicles.

[0024] For example, based on extended sensors, raw or processed data or real-time video data obtained through local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical entities, pedestrian terminals, and / or V2X application servers. Thus, a vehicle can perceive an advanced environment relative to the environment perceivable by its sensors.

[0025] For example, based on remote driving, a remote driver or a V2X application can operate or control a remote vehicle on behalf of a person who is unable to drive or is in a dangerous environment. For example, when the path can be predicted as in public transportation, cloud-based driving can be used to operate or control a remote vehicle. For example, access to a cloud-based backend service platform can also be used for remote driving.

[0026] In NR-based V2X communication, solutions for specifying service requirements for various V2X scenarios including vehicle queuing, advanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving are discussed. Summary of the Invention

[0027] Technical Problem

[0028] The present disclosure provides a configuration of a measurement report related to measurements between a relay UE and a target remote UE in a user equipment (UE) to UE relay, and an operation method and apparatus for relay selection / reselection related thereto.

[0029] Technical Solution

[0030] According to an embodiment, an operation method of a source remote UE related to a measurement report configuration of a user equipment (UE) to UE relay in a wireless communication system includes the following steps: selecting a relay UE by the source remote UE based on signal strength, establishing a PC5 connection between the source remote UE and the relay UE, establishing a PC5 connection between the source remote UE and a target remote UE through the relay UE, configuring, by the source remote UE, an SL measurement configuration between the relay UE and the target remote UE for the relay UE, and receiving, by the source remote UE, a measurement result between the relay UE and the target remote UE from the relay UE.

[0031] According to an embodiment, a source remote user equipment (UE) related to a UE-to-UE measurement report in a wireless communication system includes: at least one processor, and at least one computer memory, the at least one computer memory being operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, wherein the operations include: selecting a relay UE based on signal strength, establishing a PC5 connection with the relay UE, establishing a PC5 connection with a target remote UE through the relay UE, configuring, for the relay UE, an SL measurement configuration between the relay UE and the target remote UE, and receiving, from the relay UE, a measurement result between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

[0032] An embodiment provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a source remote UE, wherein the operations may include: selecting a relay UE based on signal strength, establishing a PC5 connection with the relay UE, establishing a PC5 connection with a target remote UE via the relay UE, configuring, for the relay UE, an SL measurement configuration between the relay UE and the target remote UE, and receiving, from the relay UE, a measurement result between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

[0033] Based on the measurement result being less than or equal to a first threshold, relay reselection may be triggered, and the first threshold may be different from a second threshold that triggers relay selection related to the selection of the relay UE.

[0034] The first threshold may be greater than or equal to the second threshold.

[0035] The SL measurement configuration may include the first threshold.

[0036] The first threshold may be one of a sidelink reference signal received power (SL-RSRP) or a sidelink discovery RSRP (SD-RSRP).

[0037] The measurement result may be received together with a measurement result between the source remote UE and the relay UE measured by the relay UE.

[0038] The SL measurement configuration may include a third threshold for triggering a measurement event.

[0039] The SL measurement configuration may include a condition for triggering a measurement event.

[0040] The conditions may include at least one of a NACK occurrence count, a DTX occurrence count, or a CSI report quality between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

[0041] The NACK occurrence count and the DTX occurrence count may be consecutive occurrence counts.

[0042] Beneficial effects

[0043] In an embodiment, relay selection and relay reselection can be efficiently performed through measurements between a relay UE and a target remote UE in a user equipment (UE)-to-UE relay. This allows the source remote UE to maintain the quality of service (QoS) used even in the direct path and also in the indirect path. Description of the drawings

[0044] The drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 is a diagram for illustrating a comparison between vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication based on a pre-new radio (NR) access technology (RAT) and NR-based V2X communication.

[0046] Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a long term evolution (LTE) system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] Figure 3 illustrates the radio protocol architecture of a user plane and a control plane according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 4 illustrates the structure of a new radio (NR) system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] Figure 5 illustrates the functional split between a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) and a fifth generation core network (5GC) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 6 illustrates the structure of a radio frame of NR to which an embodiment is applicable.

[0051] Figure 7 illustrates the structure of a time slot in an NR frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] Figure 8 illustrates the radio protocol architecture for sidelink (SL) communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] Figure 9 Illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] Figure 10 Illustrates a synchronization source or synchronization reference for V2X according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] Figure 11 Illustrates a process in which a user equipment (UE) performs V2X or SL communication according to a transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] Figure 12 Illustrates a process in which a UE performs path switching according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0057] Figure 13 Illustrates a direct-to-indirect path switching.

[0058] Figures 14 to 15 Is a diagram for illustrating UE-to-UE relay selection;

[0059] Figures 16 to 18 Is a diagram for illustrating an embodiment; and

[0060] Figures 19 to 25 Is a diagram illustrating various devices to which an embodiment is applicable. Detailed Description

[0061] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, " / " and "," should be interpreted as "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Additionally, "A, B" may mean "A and / or B". Additionally, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and / or C". Additionally, "A, B, C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and / or C".

[0062] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, "or" should be interpreted as "and / or". For example, "A or B" may include "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "or" should be interpreted as "additionally or alternatively".

[0063] The techniques described herein can be used in various wireless access systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc. CDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), etc. IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, providing backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of the Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA for the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA for the uplink (UL). Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0064] The successor to LTE-A - the 5th Generation (5G) New Radio Access Technology (NR) is a new clean-state mobile communication system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can use all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, intermediate-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter) bands of 24 GHz or above.

[0065] Although the following description is mainly given in the context of LTE-A or 5G NR for clarity of description, the technical concepts of the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0066] Figure 2 The structure of an LTE system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. This can also be referred to as the Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or the LTE / LTE-A system.

[0067] Refer to Figure 2, the E-UTRAN includes evolved Node Bs (eNBs) 20 that provide a control plane and a user plane to the UE 10. The UE 10 can be fixed or mobile and can also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), subscriber station (SS), mobile terminal (MT), or wireless device. The eNB 20 is a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10 and can also be referred to as a base station (BS), base transceiver system (BTS), or access point.

[0068] The eNBs 20 can be connected to each other via the X2 interface. The eNB 20 is connected to the evolved packet core (EPC) 39 via the S1 interface. More specifically, the eNB 20 is connected to the mobility management entity (MME) via the S1-MME interface and to the serving gateway (S-GW) via the S1-U interface.

[0069] The EPC 30 includes the MME, S-GW, and packet data network gateway (P-GW). The MME has access information or capability information about the UE, which is mainly used for the mobility management of the UE. The S-GW is a gateway with the E-UTRAN as an endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with the packet data network (PDN) as an endpoint.

[0070] Based on the lowest three layers of the well-known open systems interconnection (OSI) reference model in a communication system, the radio protocol stack between the UE and the network can be divided into layer 1 (L1), layer 2 (L2), and layer 3 (L3). These layers are defined in pairs between the UE and the evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) for data transmission via the Uu interface. The physical (PHY) layer at L1 provides an information transfer service on the physical channel. The radio resource control (RRC) layer at L3 is used to control the radio resources between the UE and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the eNB.

[0071] Figure 3 (a) in illustrates a user plane radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0072] Figure 3 (b) in illustrates a control plane radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission, and the control plane is a protocol stack for control signal transmission.

[0073] Referring to Figure 3 (a) in and Figure 3In (b), the PHY layer provides an information transfer service to its higher layer over the physical channel. The PHY layer is connected to the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer via the transport channel, and data is transferred between the MAC layer and the PHY layer over the transport channel. The transport channel is divided according to the characteristics used to transmit data via the radio interface.

[0074] Data is transmitted over the physical channel between different PHY layers (i.e., the PHY layers of the transmitter and the receiver). The physical channel can be modulated by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0075] The MAC layer provides a service to a higher layer - the Radio Link Control (RLC) - over the logical channel. The MAC layer provides the function of mapping multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. In addition, the MAC layer provides a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides a data transmission service over the logical channel.

[0076] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly on the RLC service data unit (SDU). To ensure various Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for each radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three operation modes - Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction via Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ).

[0077] The RRC layer is only defined in the control plane and controls the logical channel, transport channel, and physical channel related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of the RB. An RB refers to the logical path provided by L1 (PHY layer) and L2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer) for data transmission between the UE and the network.

[0078] The user plane functions of the PDCP layer include user data transmission, header compression, and encryption. The control plane functions of the PDCP layer include control plane data transmission and encryption / integrity protection.

[0079] RB establishment is equivalent to the process of defining radio protocol layers and channel characteristics and configuring specific parameters and operation methods to provide a specific service. An RB can be divided into two types - Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) and Data Radio Bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as the path for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as the path for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0080] Once an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state; otherwise, the UE is in the RRC_IDLE state. In NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined. A UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection to the core network while releasing its connection from the eNB.

[0081] The DL transport channels for transporting data from the network to the UE include the Broadcast Channel (BCH) on which system information is sent and the DL Shared Channel (DL SCH) on which user traffic or control messages are sent. The traffic or control messages for DL multicast or broadcast services can be sent on the DL-SCH or the DL Multicast Channel (DL MCH). The UL transport channels for transporting data from the UE to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH) on which initial control messages are sent and the UL Shared Channel (UL SCH) on which user traffic or control messages are sent.

[0082] The logical channels above and mapped to the transport channels include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), the Paging Control Channel (PCCH), the Common Control Channel (CCCH), the Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and the Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0083] The physical channel consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain multiplied by multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A subframe consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB is a resource allocation unit defined by multiple OFDM symbols multiplied by multiple subcarriers. Additionally, each subframe can use specific subcarriers of a specific OFDM symbol (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) in the corresponding subframe for the Physical DL Control Channel (PDCCH), i.e., the L1 / L2 control channel. The Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is the unit time for subframe transmission.

[0084] Figure 4 Illustrated is the structure of an NR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0085] Referring to Figure 4 , the Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) may include Next Generation Node Bs (gNBs) and / or eNBs that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE. In Figure 4 , for example, the NG-RAN is shown to include only gNBs. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to each other via the Xn interface. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to the 5G Core Network (5GC) via the NG interface. More specifically, the gNBs and eNBs are connected to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) via the NG-C interface and to the User Plane Function (UPF) via the NG-U interface.

[0086] Figure 5 Illustrates the functional division between the NG-RAN and the 5GC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0087] Referring to Figure 5 , the gNB can provide functions including inter-cell radio resource management (RRM), radio access control, measurement configuration and regulation, and dynamic resource allocation. The AMF can provide functions such as non-access stratum (NAS) security and idle state mobility handling. The UPF can provide functions including mobility anchoring and protocol data unit (PDU) processing. The session management function (SMF) can provide functions including UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and PDU session control.

[0088] Figure 6 Illustrates the radio frame structure in NR to which the embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable.

[0089] Referring to Figure 6 , the radio frame can be used for UL transmission and DL transmission in NR. The length of the radio frame is 10 ms and can be defined by two 5-ms half-frames. The HF can include five 1-ms subframes. The subframe can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots in the SF can be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0090] In the case of normal CP (NCP), each time slot can include 14 symbols, while in the case of extended CP (ECP), each time slot can include 12 symbols. Herein, the symbol can be an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) or an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

[0091] Table 1 below lists the number of symbols N per time slot, the number of time slots N per frame 时隙 符号 , and the number of time slots N per subframe 帧,u 时隙 according to the SCS configuration μ in the case of NCP. 子帧,u 时隙 .

[0092] [Table 1]

[0093] <![CDATA[SCS(15×2 u )]]> <![CDATA[N 时隙 符号 > <![CDATA[N 帧,u 时隙 > <![CDATA[N 子帧,u 时隙 > 15 KHz (u = 0) 14 10 1 30 KHz (u = 1) 14 20 2 60 KHz (u = 2) 14 40 4 120 KHz (u = 3) 14 80 8 240 KHz (u = 4) 14 160 16

[0094] Table 2 below lists the number of symbols per time slot, the number of time slots per frame, and the number of time slots per subframe according to the SCS in the case of ECP.

[0095] [Table 2]

[0096] SCS (15 × 2^u) <![CDATA[N 时隙 符号 > <![CDATA[N 帧,u 时隙 > <![CDATA[N 子帧,u 时隙 > 60 KHz (u = 2) 12 40 4

[0097] In the NR system, for multiple cells aggregated for a UE, different OFDM(A) parameter sets (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured. Thus, the (absolute time) duration of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or TTIs) (collectively referred to as time units (TUs) for convenience) including the same number of symbols can be configured to be different for the aggregated cells.

[0098] In NR, various parameter sets or SCSs can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, with an SCS of 15 kHz, wide areas in traditional cellular bands can be supported, while with an SCS of 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense urban areas, lower latency, and wide carrier bandwidths can be supported. With an SCS of 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0099] NR bands can be defined by two types of frequency ranges, FR1 and FR2. The numerical values in each frequency range can be changed. For example, two types of frequency ranges can be given in Table 3. In the NR system, FR1 can be the "range below 6 GHz", and FR2 can be the "range above 6 GHz" referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0100] [Table 3]

[0101] Frequency range designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing (SCS) FR1 450 MHz – 6000 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

[0102] As mentioned above, in the NR system, the numerical values in the frequency range can be changed. For example, as listed in Table 4, the range of FR1 can be from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. That is, FR1 can include bands of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, and 5925 MHz) or above. For example, bands of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, and 5925 MHz) or above can include unlicensed bands. Unlicensed bands can be used for various purposes, such as vehicle communication (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0103] [Table 4]

[0104] Frequency range designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing (SCS) FR1 410 MHz – 7125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

[0105] Figure 7 The slot structure in an NR frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0106] Refer to Figure 7, a time slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a time slot may include 14 symbols in the NCP case and 12 symbols in the ECP case. Alternatively, a time slot may include 7 symbols in the NCP case and 6 symbols in the ECP case.

[0107] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB may be defined by multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined by multiple consecutive (physical) RBs ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain and corresponds to a parameter set (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication may be performed in the activated BWP. Each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to the RE.

[0108] The radio interface between UEs or the radio interface between a UE and the network may include L1, L2, and L3. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, L1 may refer to the PHY layer. For example, L2 may refer to at least one of the MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCH layer, or SDAP layer. For example, L3 may refer to the RRC layer.

[0109] Now, a description of sidelink (SL) communication will be given.

[0110] Figure 8 Illustrated is a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 8 (a) in illustrates the user plane protocol stack in LTE, and Figure 8 (b) in illustrates the control plane protocol stack in LTE.

[0111] Figure 9 Illustrated is a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 9 (a) in illustrates the user plane protocol stack in NR, and Figure 9 (b) in illustrates the control plane protocol stack in NR.

[0112] Figure 10 Illustrated is a synchronization source or synchronization reference for V2X according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0113] Reference Figure 10, in V2X, the UE can synchronize directly with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Alternatively, the UE can synchronize indirectly with the GNSS through another UE (inside or outside the network coverage area). If the GNSS is configured as the synchronization source, the UE can calculate the Direct Frame Number (DFN) and subframe number based on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the configured (pre-configured) DFN offset.

[0114] Alternatively, the UE can synchronize directly with the BS or can synchronize with another UE that is synchronized with the BS in time / frequency. For example, the BS can be an eNB or a gNB. For example, when the UE is within the network coverage area, the UE can receive the synchronization information provided by the BS and can synchronize directly with the BS. Next, the UE can provide the synchronization information to another neighboring UE. If the timing of the BS is configured as the synchronization reference, the UE can follow the cell associated with the corresponding frequency (when the UE is within the cell coverage in frequency) or the primary cell or serving cell (when the UE is not within the cell range in frequency) for synchronization and DL measurement.

[0115] The BS (e.g., the serving cell) can provide the synchronization configuration for the carrier used for V2X / SL communication. In this case, the UE can comply with the synchronization configuration received from the BS. If the UE fails to detect any cell in the carrier used for V2X / SL communication and fails to receive the synchronization configuration from the serving cell, the UE can follow the preset synchronization configuration.

[0116] Alternatively, the UE can synchronize with another UE that fails to obtain the synchronization information directly or indirectly from the BS or GNSS. The synchronization source and preference can be pre-configured for the UE. Alternatively, the synchronization source and preference can be configured through the control message provided by the BS.

[0117] The SL synchronization source can be associated with a synchronization priority. For example, the relationship between the synchronization source and the synchronization priority can be defined as shown in Table 14 or Table 15. Table 5 or Table 6 is only an example, and the relationship between the synchronization source and the synchronization priority can be defined in various ways.

[0118] [Table 5]

[0119] Priority GNSS-based synchronization BS-based synchronization (eNB / gNB-based synchronization) P0 Global Navigation Satellite System Base Station P1 All UEs synchronize directly with GNSS All UEs synchronize directly with BS P2 All UEs synchronize indirectly with GNSS All UEs synchronize indirectly with BS P3 All other UEs Global Navigation Satellite System P4 Not applicable All UEs synchronize directly with GNSS P5 Not applicable All UEs synchronize indirectly with GNSS P6 Not applicable All other UEs

[0120] [Table 6]

[0121]

[0122] In Table 5 or Table 6, P0 can represent the highest priority, and P6 can represent the lowest priority. In Table 5 or Table 6, the BS can include at least one of a gNB or an eNB.

[0123] It is possible to (pre-)configure whether to use GNSS-based synchronization or eNB / gNB-based synchronization. In single-carrier operation, the UE may derive the transmission timing of the UE from the available synchronization reference with the highest priority.

[0124] In the following, sidelink synchronization signals (SLSS) and synchronization information will be described.

[0125] As an SL-specific sequence, the SLSS may include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS). The PSSS may be referred to as the sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as the sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, an M sequence of length 127 may be used for the S-PSS, and a gold sequence of length 127 may be used for the S-SSS. For example, the UE may use the S-PSS to detect the initial signal and obtain synchronization. Additionally, the UE may use the S-PSS and S-SSS to obtain detailed synchronization and detect the synchronization signal ID.

[0126] The physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) may be a (broadcast) channel for transmitting default (system) information that the UE needs to know first before transmitting and receiving SL signals. For example, the default information may include information related to the SLSS, duplex mode (DM), time division duplex (TDD) UL / DL configuration, information related to the resource pool, application type related to the SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate the PSBCH performance in NR V2X, the payload size of the PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC.

[0127] The S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., the SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block) (hereinafter, the SLSS / PSBCH block is referred to as the sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB may have the same parameter set (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) / physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) on the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may exist within the configured (or pre-configured) SL BWP. For example, the S-SSB may have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (RBs). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. Additionally, the frequency position of the S-SSB may be configured (pre-configured). Therefore, the UE does not need to perform hypothesis detection on the frequency to discover the S-SSB on the carrier.

[0128] The NR SL system can support multiple parameter sets with different SCSs and / or different CP lengths. In this case, as the SCS increases, the length of the time resource used by the transmitting UE to transmit the S-SSB can be reduced. Therefore, the coverage range of the S-SSB may be reduced. Thus, to ensure the coverage of the S-SSB, the transmitting UE can send one or more S-SSBs to the receiving UE within one S-SSB transmission period based on the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs sent by the transmitting UE to the receiving UE within one S-SSB transmission period can be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting UE. For example, the S-SSB transmission period can be 160 ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission period of 160 ms can be supported for all SCSs.

[0129] For example, when the SCS in FR1 is 15 kHz, the transmitting UE can send one or two S-SSBs to the receiving UE within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS in FR1 is 30 kHz, the transmitting UE can send one or two S-SSBs to the receiving UE within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS in FR1 is 60 kHz, the transmitting UE can send one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving UE within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0130] Figure 11 The figure illustrates the process of a UE performing V2X or SL communication according to a transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 11 The embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission mode can be referred to as a mode or a resource allocation mode. For the convenience of the following description, the transmission mode in LTE can be referred to as the LTE transmission mode, and the transmission mode in NR can be referred to as the NR resource allocation mode.

[0131] For example, Figure 11 Figure (a) of illustrates the UE operations related to LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. Alternatively, for example, Figure 11 Figure (a) of illustrates the UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 can be applied to general SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 can be applied to V2X communication.

[0132] For example, Figure 11 Figure (b) of illustrates the UE operations related to LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Alternatively, for example, Figure 11 Figure (b) of illustrates the UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 2.

[0133] Refer to Figure 11In (a) thereof, in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, the BS may schedule SL resources to be used by the UE for SL transmission. For example, in step S8000, the BS may send information related to the SL resources and / or information related to the UE resources to the first UE. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the BS.

[0134] For example, the first UE may receive information related to dynamic grant (DG) resources and / or information related to configured grant (CG) resources from the BS. For example, the CG resources may include CG type 1 resources or CG type 2 resources. In this specification, the DG resources may be resources configured / assigned by the BS to the first UE in the downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, the CG resources may be (periodic) resources configured / assigned by the BS to the first UE in the DCI and / or RRC message. For example, for CG type 1 resources, the BS may send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE. For example, for CG type 2 resources, the BS may send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE, and the BS may send DCI for activation or release of the CG resources to the first UE.

[0135] In step S8010, the first UE may send a PSCCH (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) or first-level SCI) to the second UE based on resource scheduling. In step S8020, the first UE may send a PSSCH (e.g., second-level SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S8030, the first UE may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second UE through the PSFCH. In step S8040, the first UE may send / report HARQ feedback information to the BS through the PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the BS may include information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the BS may include information generated by the first UE according to a preset rule. For example, the DCI may be DCI for SL scheduling. For example, the format of the DCI may include DCI format 3_0 or DCI format 3_1. Table 7 shows an example of DCI for SL scheduling.

[0136] [Table 7]

[0137]

[0138]

[0139] Reference Figure 11 As shown in (b) of the reference, in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4, or NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine the SL transmission resources within the SL resources configured by the BS / network or pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or pre-configured SL resources can be resource pools. For example, the UE can select or schedule the resources for SL transmission by itself. For example, the UE can perform SL communication by self-selecting resources within the configured resource pool. For example, the UE can perform sensing and resource (re)-selection processes to self-select resources within the selection window. For example, sensing can be performed on a sub-channel basis. For example, in step S8010, the first UE that self-selects resources in the resource pool can use the resources to send a PSCCH (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) or first-level SCI) to the second UE. In step S8020, the first UE can send a PSSCH (e.g., second-level SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S8030, the first UE can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE.

[0140] Reference Figure 11 of (a) or Figure 11 of (b), for example, the first UE can send SCI to the second UE on the PSCCH. Or, for example, the first UE can send two consecutive SCIs (e.g., two-level SCI) to the second UE on the PSCCH and / or PSSCH. In this case, the second UE can decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., two-level SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first UE. In this specification, the SCI sent on the PSCCH can be referred to as the first SCI, first-level SCI, or first-level SCI format, and the SCI sent on the PSSCH can be referred to as the second SCI, second-level SCI, second-level SCI format. For example, the first-level SCI format can include SCI format 1-A, and the second-level SCI format can include SCI format 2-A and / or SCI format 2-B. Table 8 shows an example of the first-level SCI format.

[0141] [Table 8]

[0142]

[0143] Table 9 shows an exemplary second-level SCI format.

[0144] [Table 9]

[0145]

[0146] Referring to Figure 11 (a) in Figure 11 or (b) in, in step S8030, the first UE may receive the PSFCH based on Table 10. For example, the first UE and the second UE may determine the PSFCH resource based on Table 10, and the second UE may send HARQ feedback to the first UE on the PSFCH resource.

[0147] [Table 10]

[0148]

[0149]

[0150] Referring to Figure 11 (a) in, in step S8040, the first UE may send SL HARQ feedback to the BS based on Table 11 via the PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0151] [Table 11]

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] Table 12 below shows the details of the selection and reselection of SL relay UEs defined in 3GPP TS 36.331. The content of Table 12 is used as the prior art of the present disclosure, and the relevant necessary details can be found in 3GPP TS 36.331.

[0155] [Table 12]

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] Figure 12 Shows the connection management captured in the TR document (3GPP TR 38.836) related to Rel-17 NR SL and the process of switching from direct to indirect paths. The remote UE needs to establish its own PDU session / DRB with the network before user plane data transmission.

[0159] Before the remote UE establishes a Uu RRC connection with the network through the relay UE, the PC5 unicast link establishment process in the PC5-RRC aspect of Rel-16 NR V2X can be reused to establish a secure unicast link for the L2 UE-to-network relay between the remote UE and the relay UE.

[0160] For both in-coverage and out-of-coverage scenarios, when the remote UE initiates the first RRC message for establishing a connection with the gNB, the PC5 L2 configuration for the transmission between the remote UE and the UE-to-network relay UE can be based on the RLC / MAC configuration defined in the standard. The establishment of the Uu SRB1 / SRB2 and DRBs of the remote UE follows the traditional Uu configuration procedure for the L2 UE-to-network relay.

[0161] Figure 12 The advanced connection establishment procedure shown in is applied to the L2 UE-to-network relay.

[0162] In operation S1200, the remote UE and the relay UE can perform a discovery process, and in operation S1201, a PC5-RRC connection is established based on the existing Rel-16 procedure.

[0163] In operation S1202, the remote UE can send the first RRC message (i.e., RRC Setup Request) for establishing a connection with the gNB via the relay UE by using the default L2 configuration of PC5. The gNB responds to the remote UE with an RRC Setup message (S1203). The transmission of the RRCSetup to the remote UE uses the default configuration of PC5. When the relay UE is not started under RRC_CONNECTED, the relay UE needs to perform its own connection setup after receiving the message regarding the default L2 configuration of PC5. In this operation, the details of the relay UE sending the RRCSetupRequest / RRCSetup message to the remote UE can be discussed in Phase WI.

[0164] In operation S1204, the gNB and the relay UE perform a relay channel setup procedure via Uu. According to the configuration of the gNB, the relay / remote UE establishes an RLC channel for relaying SRB1 with the remote UE via PC5. In this operation, the relay channel for SRB1 is prepared.

[0165] In operation S1205, the remote UE SRB1 message (e.g., RRC Setup Complete message) is sent to the gNB via the relay UE by using the SRB1 relay channel via PC5. The remote UE performs an RRC connection via Uu.

[0166] In operation S1206, the remote UE and the gNB configure security according to the traditional procedure and send security messages via the relay UE.

[0167] In operation S1210, the gNB configures an additional RLC channel between the gNB and the relay UE for traffic relaying. According to the configuration of the gNB, the relay / remote UE configures an RLC channel between the remote UE and the relay UE for traffic relaying. The gNB sends an RRC reconfiguration (RRCReconfiguration) to the remote UE via the relay UE to configure the relay SRB2 / DRB. The remote UE responds with an RRC reconfiguration complete (RRCReconfigurationComplete) sent by the gNB via the relay UE.

[0168] For L2 UE-to-network relaying other than the connection establishment procedure:

[0169] - The RRC reconfiguration and RRC release procedures may reuse the legacy RRC procedures, where the message content / configuration design is left to Phase WI.

[0170] - The RRC connection reconfiguration and RRC connection resume procedures may reuse the existing RRC procedures as a baseline by considering the above-mentioned L2 UE-to-network relaying connection establishment procedure to handle the relay-specific parts along with the message content / configuration design. The message content / configuration may be defined later.

[0171] Figure 13 Direct-to-indirect path switching is illustrated. For service continuity of L2 UE-to-network relaying, when the remote UE switches to an indirect relay UE, the procedures in Figure 13 may be used.

[0172] Refer to Figure 13 In operation S1301, the remote UE measures / finds candidate relay UEs and then reports one or more candidate relay UEs. The remote UE may filter out suitable relay UEs that meet the higher layer criteria during the reporting. The report may include the ID of the relay UE and the SL RSRP information. In this case, the PC5 measurement details may be determined later.

[0173] In operation S1302, the gNB determines to switch to the target relay UE and optionally sends the target (re)configuration to the relay UE.

[0174] In operation S1304, the RRC reconfiguration message for the remote UE may include the ID of the target relay UE, the target Uu, and the PC5 configuration.

[0175] In operation S1305, when the connection is not established, the remote UE establishes a PC5 connection with the target relay UE.

[0176] In operation S1306, the remote UE feeds back RRCReconfigurationComplete to the gNB via the target path by using the target configuration provided in the RRCReconfiguration.

[0177] In operation S1307, switch the data path.

[0178] Tables 13 to 16 are 3GPP technical reports related to UE-to-UE relay selection and are used as conventional techniques in this disclosure. Figure 14 and Figure 15 in Table 16 respectively correspond to Figure 14 and Figure 15 .

[0179] [Table 13]

[0180]

[0181] [Table 14]

[0182]

[0183]

[0184] [Table 15]

[0185]

[0186] [Table 16]

[0187]

[0188] The following Table 17 corresponds to the related art of this disclosure as the "New Rel-18 WID on NR Sidelink Relay Enhancement".

[0189] [Table 17]

[0190]

[0191] For UE-to-UE relay operation, three SL connections may be required. For example, there may be an SL connection between the source remote UE and the relay UE, an SL connection between the relay UE and the target remote UE, and an indirect SL connection between the source remote UE and the target remote UE.

[0192] In this regard, the source remote UE can select the relay UE based on the signal strength ( Figure 16 S1601). The source remote UE can establish a PC5 connection with the relay UE (S1602). The source remote UE can establish a PC5 connection with the target remote UE through the relay UE (S1603).

[0193] Then, the source remote UE may configure SL measurement configuration between the relay UE and the target remote UE for the relay UE (S1604), and receive the measurement result between the relay UE and the target remote UE from the relay UE (S1605). That is, when the relay UE receives the SL measurement configuration from the source remote UE, the relay UE may perform measurements and reporting according to the configuration.

[0194] Regarding the UE-to-UE relay operation, the source remote UE may need to know the signal strength value (e.g., SL-RSRP / SD-RSRP) between the relay UE and the target remote UE to determine whether to select a new relay UE. For this purpose, as described above, the source remote UE may configure the SL measurement configuration for the relay UE.

[0195] Relay reselection may be triggered based on the measurement result being less than or equal to a first threshold, and the first threshold may be different from a second threshold that triggers relay selection related to the selection of the relay UE. That is, when the source remote UE triggers and performs relay reselection / selection using the SL signal strength (SL-RSRP / SD-RSRP), the following two cases may be considered. When the SL signal strength between the source remote UE and the relay UE is less than or equal to threshold_1, relay reselection may be triggered. When the SL signal strength between the source remote UE and the target remote UE is equal to or less than threshold_2, relay selection may be triggered. In this case, threshold_1 and threshold_2 may be configured with different values.

[0196] For example, as Figure 17 shown, the first threshold (threshold 1 for relay reselection) may be greater than or equal to the second threshold (threshold 2 for relay selection). This allows the source remote UE to maintain the quality of service (QoS) used even in the direct path and also in the indirect path. More specifically, when Figure 17 the second threshold is similar to the QoS of the direct path, relay selection may be performed when the signal strength becomes less than the second threshold to maintain the QoS through the indirect path. Here, when the signal strength becomes less than the first threshold (which is greater than or equal to the second threshold), relay reselection is performed, so the QoS can be maintained through the indirect path.

[0197] Continuously, the SL measurement configuration may include a first threshold. The first threshold may be either the sidelink reference signal received power (SL-RSRP) or the sidelink discovery RSRP (SD-RSRP). Additionally, the SL measurement configuration may include a third threshold for triggering a measurement event. The SL measurement configuration configured by the source remote UE may include the SL-RSRP ( / SD-RSRP) threshold for triggering a measurement event. The corresponding SL-RSRP ( / SD-RSRP) threshold may be different from the value of the threshold for relay reselection.

[0198] When a measurement event is triggered by the relay UE to report the sidelink signal strength (SL-RSRP / SD-RSRP) between the relay UE and the source remote UE to the source remote UE, the relay UE may also report the sidelink signal strength (SL-RSRP / SD-RSRP) measured between the relay UE and the source remote UE. That is, the measurement result may be received together with the measurement result between the source remote UE and the relay UE measured by the relay UE.

[0199] Additionally, the SL measurement configuration may include conditions for triggering a measurement event. The conditions may be at least one of the following: the CSI reporting quality between the relay UE and the target remote UE, the NACK occurrence count, and the DTX occurrence count, and the NACK occurrence count and the DTX occurrence count may be consecutive occurrence counts. That is, the conditions for triggering a measurement event may include the (consecutive) NACK occurrence count, the (consecutive) DTX occurrence count, the CSI reporting quality, etc. between the relay UE and the target remote UE. That is, when the conditions occur, the relay UE may trigger the measurement and reporting of the signal strength between the relay UE and the target remote UE. The source remote UE that receives this may also trigger relay reselection according to the QoS requirements of the data to be sent by the source remote UE.

[0200] As another example, a similar SL measurement configuration as described above may be performed by the source remote UE to the target remote UE. The source remote UE may receive a report of the sidelink signal strength (direct link signal strength or the signal strength between the relay UE and the target remote UE) measured by the target remote UE and trigger relay selection / reselection based on this. In this case, the triggering may occur at the AS layer, but the corresponding measurement values may also be reported to the upper layer, and relay selection / reselection may be determined at the upper layer.

[0201] The conditions for the source remote UE to trigger relay reselection / selection may include the (consecutive) NACK occurrence count, (consecutive) DTX occurrence count, CSI report quality, listen-before-talk (LBT) failure count, etc. between the source relay UE and the relay UE (or the direct link between the source remote UE and the target remote UE). When the (consecutive) NACK occurrence count, (consecutive) DTX occurrence count, and LBT failure occurrence are greater than or equal to a predetermined count, or when the CSI report quality becomes less than or equal to a predetermined value, relay reselection / selection can be triggered. This may be related to the QoS to be sent by the source remote UE. For example, depending on the QoS of the data to be sent by the source remote UE, the (consecutive) NACK occurrence count, (consecutive) DTX occurrence count, LBT failure count, etc. can be configured with different values. When the source remote UE does not meet the minimum QoS to be sent by the source remote UE, relay reselection can be triggered.

[0202] When the LBT failure count, (consecutive) NACK occurrence count, or (consecutive) DTX occurrence count on the direct link between the source remote UE and the target remote UE is greater than or equal to a predetermined count, or when the CSI report quality becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value, relay selection can be triggered. Alternatively, when the LBT failure count, (consecutive) NACK occurrence count, or (consecutive) DTX occurrence count in the direct link between the source remote UE and the target remote UE is greater than or equal to a predetermined count, or when the CSI report quality becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value, the AS layer can notify this to the upper layer, and the upper layer can trigger relay selection in the upper layer based on the required QoS value of the data to be sent.

[0203] When the number of LBT failure occurrence counts, (consecutive) NACK occurrence counts, or (consecutive) DTX occurrence counts between the source remote UE and the relay UE is greater than or equal to a predetermined count, or when the CSI report quality becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value, relay selection can be triggered. Alternatively, when the number of LBT failure occurrences, (consecutive) NACK occurrence counts, or (consecutive) DTX occurrence counts between the relay UE and the target remote UE is greater than or equal to a predetermined count, or when the CSI report quality becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value, the relay UE can notify this to the source remote UE. The AS layer of the source remote UE that receives this can trigger relay reselection. Alternatively, the source remote UE can report the status of the AS layer to the upper layer, which can trigger relay reselection in the upper layer.

[0204] Regarding the above description, the source remote UE may include at least one processor and at least one computer memory, the at least one computer memory being operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, where the operations may include: selecting a relay UE based on signal strength, establishing a PC5 connection with the relay UE, establishing a PC5 connection with a target remote UE via the relay UE, configuring for the relay UE an SL measurement configuration between the relay UE and the target remote UE, and receiving from the relay UE measurement results between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

[0205] A non - volatile computer - readable storage medium storing at least one computer program, the at least one computer program including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a source remote UE, where the operations may include: selecting a relay UE based on signal strength, establishing a PC5 connection with the relay UE, establishing a PC5 connection with a target remote UE via the relay UE, configuring for the relay UE an SL measurement configuration between the relay UE and the target remote UE, and receiving from the relay UE measurement results between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

[0206] Figure 18 Illustrates the process by which a source remote UE establishes connections with a relay UE and a target remote UE in UE - to - UE relay. For each SL connection between the source remote UE and the relay UE, the SL connection between the relay UE and the target remote UE, and the indirect SL connection between the source remote UE and the target remote UE, the source remote UE may send an RRCReconfigurationSidelink message to the relay UE and through the relay UE to the target remote UE, as Figure 18 shown.

[0207] The source remote UE may start a T400 timer after sending an RRCReconfigurationSidelink message to the relay UE. When until the expiration of the T400 timer of the source remote UE, the source remote UE does not receive an RRCReconfigurationCompleteSidelink, RRCReconfigurationFailureSidelink message from the relay UE, the source remote UE may trigger relay reselection.

[0208] Alternatively, after the relay UE sends the RRCReconfigurationSidelink message to the target remote UE, the relay UE may start the T400 timer. When the relay UE does not receive the RRCReconfigurationCompleteSidelink or RRCReconfigurationFailureSidelink message from the target remote UE until the T400 timer of the relay UE expires, the relay UE may indicate this to the source remote UE. The source remote UE that receives this may trigger relay reselection.

[0209] Alternatively, the source remote UE may indirectly send the RRCReconfigurationSidelink message to the target remote UE through the relay UE. In this case, the source remote UE may start a T400-like timer (i.e., a timer that has the same function as the regular T400 timer but has a longer timer value than the T400 timer (because the timer needs to receive a response indirectly from the target remote UE)). The source remote UE may perform relay reselection when it does not indirectly receive the RRCReconfigurationCompleteSidelink or RRCReconfigurationFailureSidelink message from the target remote UE until the T400-like timer expires.

[0210] When the source remote UE sends the RRCReconfigurationSidelink message to the relay UE and receives the RRCReconfigurationFailureSidelink message, the source remote UE may trigger relay reselection. On the part of the source remote UE, when there are multiple candidate relay UEs, retrying the SL connection to the same relay UE or attempting to connect to a new relay UE may be similar to each other in terms of latency.

[0211] Alternatively, the relay UE may send an RRCReconfigurationSidelink message to the target remote UE, and when receiving an RRCReconfigurationFailureSidelink message from the target remote UE, the relay UE may notify the source remote UE of this. The source remote UE that receives this may trigger relay reselection. Alternatively, when the relay UE determines, based on the cause value included in the RRCReconfigurationFailureSidelink, that the relay UE is unable to send a new RRCReconfigurationSidelink to the target remote UE, the relay UE may notify the source remote UE of this. This may correspond to a situation where the relay UE and the target remote UE fail to establish an SL connection, and the source remote UE may trigger relay reselection. In the case of the above notification message, the relay UE may send the message together with the cause value received from the target remote UE.

[0212] Alternatively, when the source remote UE sends an RRCReconfigurationSidelink message to the target remote UE via the relay UE and receives an RRCReconfigurationFailureSidelink message from the target remote UE via the relay UE, relay reselection may be considered. When the source remote UE is unable to send a new RRCReconfigurationSidelink message based on the cause value included in the RRCReconfigurationFailureSidelink message, the source remote UE may select a new relay UE and attempt a connection for UE-to-UE relay.

[0213] In the above description, the source remote UE may be replaced by the target remote UE, and the target remote UE may be replaced by the source remote UE. Alternatively, both the source remote UE and the target remote UE may be replaced by an end UE.

[0214] Examples of communication systems applicable to the present disclosure

[0215] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts of the present disclosure described in this document may be applied to, without limitation, various fields that require wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0216] Hereinafter, a more detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0217] Figure 19 An example of a communication system to which the present disclosure is applied is illustrated.

[0218] Referring to Figure 19 , the communication system 1 applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a BS, and a network. Herein, the wireless device represents a device that performs communication using a RAT (e.g., 5G NR or LTE), and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. The wireless device may include, without limitation, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a household appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, the vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a household appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The handheld device may include a smart phone, a smart board, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The household appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smart meter. For example, the BS and the network may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0219] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BS 200. The AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other via the BS 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without going through the BS / network. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., V2V / V2X communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0220] A wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS200 or BS200 / BS200. In this document, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as UL / DL communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). The wireless device and the BS / wireless device can send / receive radio signals to / from each other through the wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can send / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least a part of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for sending / receiving radio signals can be performed.

[0221] Examples of wireless devices applicable to the present disclosure

[0222] Figure 20 Illustrates wireless devices applicable to the present disclosure.

[0223] Refer to Figure 20 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can send radio signals through various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In this document, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} can correspond to Figure 19 {wireless device 100x and BS200} and / or {wireless device 100x and wireless device 100x} in

[0224] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may process the information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmit radio signals including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive radio signals including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102, and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 may store software code, which includes commands for performing a part or all of the processing controlled by the processor 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Herein, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102, and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceivers 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with the (one or more) radio frequency (RF) units. In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0225] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may further include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202, and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 may store software code, which includes commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by the processor 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Herein, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202, and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceivers 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with the RF unit. In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0226] In the following, the hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers can be implemented by one or more processors 102 and 202, without limitation. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0227] One or more processors 102 and 202 can be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors 102 and 202 can be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processor devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein can be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software can be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. The firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein can be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 to be driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein can be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0228] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be constituted by read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk drive, register, cache memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located inside and / or outside one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 through respective technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0229] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of operations herein to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein via one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transform received radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transform user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals into RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0230] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles applicable to the present disclosure

[0231] Figure 21 Illustrates vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present disclosure is applied. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented by a mobile robot, an automobile, a train, a manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0232] Refer to Figure 21, a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a driving unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110.

[0233] The communication unit 110 may transmit signals (e.g., data and control signals) to external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and roadside units), and servers and receive the signals from the external devices. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may include an ECU. The driving unit 140a may cause the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 to travel on a road. The driving unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b may supply power to the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 and include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c may acquire vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d may implement technologies for keeping the vehicle in the lane on which it is driving, technologies for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, technologies for autonomously driving along a determined path, technologies for driving by automatically setting a path when a destination is set, etc.

[0234] For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the obtained data. The control unit 120 may control the driving unit 140a so that the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 may obtain the latest traffic information data from the external server irregularly / regularly and may obtain the surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c may obtain vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d may update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly obtained data / information. The communication unit 110 may transmit information about the vehicle position, the autonomous driving path, and / or the driving plan to the external server. The external server may predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc. based on the information collected from the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle.

[0235] Examples of Vehicles and AR / VR Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0236] Figure 22 Illustrates a vehicle to which the present disclosure is applied. The vehicle may be implemented as a transportation vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, etc.

[0237] Refer to Figure 22 , the vehicle 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, an I / O unit 140a, and a positioning unit 140b.

[0238] The communication unit 110 may send signals (e.g., data and control signals) to external devices such as other vehicles or BSs and receive signals from the external devices. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling the components of the vehicle 100. The storage unit 130 may store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands for supporting various functions of the vehicle 100. The I / O unit 140a may output AR / VR objects based on the information in the storage unit 130. The I / O unit 140a may include a HUD. The positioning unit 140b may obtain information about the position of the vehicle 100. The position information may include information about the absolute position of the vehicle 100, information about the position of the vehicle 100 within the driving lane, acceleration information, and information about the position of the vehicle 100 relative to neighboring vehicles. The positioning unit 140b may include a GPS and various sensors.

[0239] As an example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 may receive map information and traffic information from an external server, and store the received information in the storage unit 130. The positioning unit 140b may obtain vehicle position information through GPS and various sensors, and store the obtained information in the storage unit 130. The control unit 120 may generate a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information, and vehicle position information, and the I / O unit 140a may display the generated virtual object in a window (1410 and 1420) in the vehicle. The control unit 120 may determine whether the vehicle 100 is driving normally within the driving lane based on the vehicle position information. If the vehicle 100 abnormally leaves the driving lane, the control unit 120 may display a warning through the I / O unit 140a on a window in the vehicle. Additionally, the control unit 120 may broadcast a warning message regarding abnormal driving to neighboring vehicles through the communication unit 110. Depending on the situation, the control unit 120 may send the vehicle position information and information regarding driving / vehicle abnormalities to relevant organizations.

[0240] Examples of XR devices applicable to the present disclosure

[0241] Figure 23 Illustrates an XR device applied to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented through an HMD, a HUD installed in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a household appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc.

[0242] Referring to Figure 23 , the XR device 100a may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, an I / O unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a power supply unit 140c.

[0243] The communication unit 110 can send signals (e.g., media data and control signals) to external devices such as other wireless devices, handheld devices, or media servers and receive the signals from the external devices. The media data can include video, images, and sound. The control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the components of the XR device 100a. For example, the control unit 120 can be configured to control and / or execute processes such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The storage unit 130 can store the data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive the XR device 100a / generate XR objects. The I / O unit 140a can obtain control information and data from the outside and output the generated XR objects. The I / O unit 140a can include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and / or a haptic module. The sensor unit 140b can obtain XR device status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b can include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and / or a radar. The power unit 140c can supply power to the XR device 100a and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc.

[0244] For example, the storage unit 130 of the XR device 100a can include the information (e.g., data) required to generate XR objects (e.g., AR / VR / MR objects). The I / O unit 140a can receive commands from the user for manipulating the XR device 100a, and the control unit 120 can drive the XR device 100a according to the user's driving commands. For example, when the user desires to watch a movie or news through the XR device 100a, the control unit 120 sends content request information to another device (e.g., the handheld device 100b) or a media server through the communication unit 110. The communication unit 110 can download / stream content such as a movie or news from another device (e.g., the handheld device 100b) or a media server to the storage unit 130. The control unit 120 can control and / or execute processes such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, and metadata generation / processing for the content and generate / output XR objects based on the information about the surrounding space or real objects obtained through the I / O unit 140a / sensor unit 140b.

[0245] The XR device 100a can be wirelessly connected to the handheld device 100b via the communication unit 110, and the operation of the XR device 100a can be controlled by the handheld device 100b. For example, the handheld device 100b can operate as a controller for the XR device 100a. To this end, the XR device 100a can obtain information about the 3D position of the handheld device 100b and generate and output an XR object corresponding to the handheld device 100b.

[0246] Examples of robots applicable to the present disclosure

[0247] Figure 24 Illustrates robots applied to the present disclosure. According to the purpose or field of use, robots can be classified into industrial robots, medical robots, household robots, military robots, etc.

[0248] Refer to Figure 24 , the robot 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, an I / O unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a drive unit 140c.

[0249] The communication unit 110 can send signals (e.g., drive information and control signals) to external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or a control server and receive the signals from the external devices. The control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the components of the robot 100. The storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands for supporting various functions of the robot 100. The I / O unit 140a can obtain information from outside the robot 100 and output the information to the outside of the robot 100. The I / O unit 140a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and / or a haptic module. The sensor unit 140b can obtain internal information of the robot 100, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a radar, etc. The drive unit 140c can perform various physical operations such as moving the joints of the robot. Additionally, the drive unit 140c can cause the robot 100 to travel on a road or fly. The drive unit 140c may include an actuator, an engine, wheels, brakes, propellers, etc.

[0250] Examples of AI devices applying the present disclosure

[0251] Figure 25An AI device applied to the present disclosure is illustrated. The AI device can be implemented by a fixed device or a mobile device such as a TV, a projector, a smart phone, a PC, a notebook, a digital broadcast terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a digital sign, a robot, a vehicle, etc.

[0252] Referring to Figure 25 , the AI device 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, I / O units 140a / 140b, a learning processor unit 140c, and a sensor unit 140d.

[0253] The communication unit 110 may use wired / wireless communication technologies to send / receive wired / radio signals (such as sensor information, user input, a learning model, or a control signal) to / from other AI devices (such as Figure 19 100x, 200, or 400) or an AI server (such as Figure 19 400). To this end, the communication unit 110 may send the information in the storage unit 130 to an external device and send the signal received from the external device to the storage unit 130.

[0254] The control unit 120 may determine at least one feasible operation of the AI device 100 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. The control unit 120 may execute the operation determined by controlling the components of the AI device 100. For example, the control unit 120 may request, search, receive, or use the data of the learning processor unit 140c or the storage unit 130, and control the components of the AI device 100 to execute the predicted operation or the operation determined to be preferred among at least one feasible operation. The control unit 120 may collect historical information including the operation content of the AI device 100 and the user's operation feedback, and store the collected information in the storage unit 130 or the learning processor unit 140c, or send the collected information to an external device such as an AI server ( Figure 19 400). The collected historical information may be used to update the learning model.

[0255] The storage unit 130 may store data for supporting various functions of the AI device 100. For example, the storage unit 130 may store the data obtained from the input unit 140a, the data obtained from the communication unit 110, the output data of the learning processor unit 140c, and the data obtained from the sensor unit 140. The storage unit 130 may store the control information and / or software code required for operating / driving the control unit 120.

[0256] The input unit 140a may obtain various types of data from the outside of the AI device 100. For example, the input unit 140a may obtain learning data for model learning and input data to which the learned model will be applied. The input unit 140a may include a camera, a microphone, and / or a user input unit. The output unit 140b may generate outputs related to visual, auditory, or tactile sensations. The output unit 140b may include a display unit, a speaker, and / or a tactile module. The sensor unit 140 may use various sensors to obtain at least one of the internal information of the AI device 100, the surrounding environment information of the AI device 100, and user information. The sensor unit 140 may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and / or a radar.

[0257] The learning processor unit 140c may use the learning data to learn a model including an artificial neural network. The learning processor unit 140c may perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI server ( Figure 19 400). The learning processor unit 140c may process the information received from an external device through the communication unit 110 and / or the information stored in the storage unit 130. In addition, the output value of the learning processor unit 140c may be sent to an external device through the communication unit 110 and may be stored in the storage unit 130.

[0258] Industrial Applicability

[0259] The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. A method of operating a source remote UE related to measurement report configuration for user equipment (UE)-to-UE relay in a wireless communication system, the method of operation comprises the following steps: selecting a relay UE by the source remote UE based on signal strength; establishing a PC5 connection between the source remote UE and the relay UE; establishing a PC5 connection between the source remote UE and a target remote UE through the relay UE; configuring, by the source remote UE, an SL measurement configuration between the relay UE and the target remote UE for the relay UE; and receiving, by the source remote UE from the relay UE, a measurement result between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

2. The method of operation according to claim 1, wherein relay reselection is triggered based on the measurement result being equal to or less than a first threshold, and the first threshold is different from a second threshold that triggers relay selection related to the selection of the relay UE.

3. The method of operation according to claim 2, wherein the first threshold is greater than or equal to the second threshold.

4. The method of operation according to claim 1, wherein the SL measurement configuration includes a first threshold.

5. The method of operation according to claim 1, wherein the first threshold is one of a sidelink reference signal received power (SL-RSRP) or a sidelink discovery RSRP (SD-RSRP).

6. The method of operation according to claim 1, wherein the measurement result and a measurement result between the source remote UE and the relay UE measured by the relay UE are received together.

7. The method of operation according to claim 1, wherein the SL measurement configuration includes a third threshold for triggering a measurement event.

8. The method of operation according to claim 1, wherein the SL measurement configuration includes a condition for triggering a measurement event.

9. The method of operation according to claim 1, wherein the condition includes at least one of a NACK occurrence count, a DTX occurrence count, or a CSI report quality between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

10. The method of operation according to claim 1, wherein the NACK occurrence count and the DTX occurrence count are consecutive occurrence counts.

11. A source remote UE related to measurement reporting for user equipment (UE)-to-UE in a wireless communication system, the source remote UE comprises: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, wherein the operations include: selecting a relay UE based on signal strength; establishing a PC5 connection with the relay UE; establishing a PC5 connection with a target remote UE through the relay UE; configuring an SL measurement configuration between the relay UE and the target remote UE for the relay UE; and receiving from the relay UE a measurement result between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

12. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a source remote user equipment (UE), the operations comprising: selecting a relay UE based on signal strength; establishing a PC5 connection with the relay UE; establishing a PC5 connection with a target remote UE through the relay UE; configuring, for the relay UE, an SL measurement configuration between the relay UE and the target remote UE; and receiving, from the relay UE, a measurement result between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

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