Method for producing adsorbent element

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing an adsorbent element for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase. The method includes providing a sorbent material for absorbing adsorbates from a fluid phase, and making a mixture by adding the sorbent material and a binder material and / or an additive material. Pretreatment of the mixture by means of a mixer is effected, wherein mixing and homogenization of the mixture are effected during the pretreatment. Subsequently, the mixture subjected to the extrusion pretreatment is pressed out of the molding opening of the molding tool, and the extruded mixture is molded into an extrudate. Subsequently, the extrudate is accommodated and hardened by means of an accommodating device. The invention also relates to an adsorbent element produced by such a method, to an adsorbent unit comprising a plurality of such adsorbent elements, and to a plant for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase, comprising such an adsorbent element and / or such an adsorbent unit.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an adsorbent element for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase, an adsorbent element manufactured by such a method, an adsorbent unit including a plurality of such adsorbent elements, and a facility for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase, which includes such an adsorbent element and / or such an adsorbent unit. Background Art

[0002] In principle, facilities and methods for separating various gases (such as oxygen, nitrogen or carbon dioxide) from ambient air are known. For example, such separation can be carried out in the case of carbon dioxide according to the so-called direct air capture method, the DAC method, where carbon dioxide can be directly separated from ambient air and supplied to a further process.

[0003] In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in ambient air and to achieve climate neutrality, not only must carbon dioxide emissions be reduced, but the inevitable carbon dioxide emissions must also be compensated accordingly. One possibility for compensating these carbon dioxide emissions is to separate carbon dioxide from ambient air. These DAC methods are suitable for reducing the share of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Alternatively or additionally, carbon dioxide emissions can be compensated by permanently storing carbon dioxide in a reservoir, especially in a rock formation and thus not reaching the atmosphere.

[0004] Most known methods for separating carbon dioxide from ambient air work in a cyclic process in the case of a combination of applied pressure and / or temperature change. Here, in a first process step, carbon dioxide present in atmospheric air is bound in an adsorbent element (also referred to as an adsorption element). The carbon dioxide bound in the adsorbent element can be released again in a second process step.

[0005] One challenge is to develop an effective adsorption system in which the adsorbent elements are technically arranged and / or constructed in such a way that, on the one hand, the adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide take place optimally and, on the other hand, a relatively cost-appropriate plant concept can be achieved. Here, the heating and cooling phases particularly influence the process costs, while the design of the adsorbent elements and the process space influence the plant costs. Another disadvantage of known solutions is that the adsorbent materials used, especially physical adsorbents, are sensitive to humidity. That is, the adsorbent is able to absorb the residual moisture from the dry air into the porous microstructure as well, which directly leads to a reduced absorption capacity for carbon dioxide from ambient air. In practical terms, this means that the process becomes less efficient, or in the case of the separation process with the same energy consumption, it will result in a significantly lower yield of carbon dioxide. This fact leads to the necessity of introducing the regeneration of the adsorbent into the process to remove the humidity from the adsorbent. This will further deteriorate the energy balance of the process. According to the prior art, the adsorbent material is mainly tempered to the desired temperature by means of a heat exchanger. The conventionally known adsorbent materials have very poor thermal conductivity, which particularly has a negative effect on the overall consideration of the energy costs during desorption.

[0006] Adsorbent elements are usually used in the form of granules or pellets, which are manufactured by known methods and used in the form of a packing.

[0007] Methods for the extrusion of ceramics or plastics or compounds are known from the prior art.

[0008] DE 10 2016 104 387 B4 relates to an extrusion device and method for extruding a ceramic hollow body closed on one side, of the type known from DE 27 15 852 A1.

[0009] GB 440 949A describes a device for extruding a thin-walled ceramic tube with a wall thickness of a few hundred μm and a length of 0.5 m to 1 m.

[0010] DE 501 270C describes a device by means of which a hollow body closed on one side can be manufactured by extrusion

[0011] EP 1 075 916 A2 describes a method for manufacturing a bottom at a ceramic tube by extrusion.

[0012] A method and device for extruding a hollow ceramic cylinder are known from JP H03-187 710A, which hollow ceramic cylinder has at least one cavity closed at the bottom at one of the end faces of the cylinder.

[0013] EP 1 552 913 A1 shows a method for manufacturing a ceramic hollow body. The hollow body is manufactured by casting a liquid ceramic substance in a mold.

[0014] EP 3 858 462 A1 and EP 3 318 321 A1 describe adsorbents in the form of granules as fillers.

[0015] DE 10 2008 046 155 B4 describes a method for manufacturing adsorbent granules for zeolite-based molecular sieves.

[0016] WO 2024 / 060 246A1 describes a method for manufacturing compact zeolite shaped bodies, in which a moldable mixture comprising zeolite and one or more zeolite precursor components and optionally water and optionally one or more organic additives is processed into a shaped body. The shaped body thus obtained is subjected to a heat treatment, and the heat-treated shaped body is wetted, aged and contacted with additional components from which zeolite can be produced in combination with the zeolite precursor components and is exposed to conditions under which zeolite is formed from the additional components and the zeolite precursor components.

[0017] WO 2010 / 106 133A1 describes metal-organic framework materials in powder or crystalline form. In this way, the metal-organic framework material can be used alone as an adsorbent or in combination with other adsorbents or other materials as an adsorbent. This is preferably achieved as a bulk material. In addition, the metal-organic framework material can be converted into a shaped body. The preferred methods here are stranding (Verstrangung) or tableting.

[0018] DE 10 2005 032 345 B4 describes a shaped body as an adsorbent, wherein the shaped body has a channel structure with channels.

[0019] DE 198 26 209A1 describes a shaped body obtained from a reaction mixture comprising zeolite, plasticizer and binder, wherein the shaped body is in particular honeycomb-shaped.

[0020] US11,779,903B2 describes a shaped water adsorbent composite, which is preferably configured with dimensions suitable for use in a fixed bed adsorption system, wherein a plurality of shaped bodies are arranged with a high packing density.

[0021] DE 20 2009 016 308 U1 describes a device for filtering inclusions from an air stream, which has an adsorption zone and a desorption zone into which the air stream can be introduced.

[0022] Adsorbents in the form of granules or pellets are generally used in adsorption and desorption processes. In order to optimally design the process, high energy use is required. Summary of the Invention

[0023] The present invention is now based on the object of providing a method for producing an adsorbent element for separating gases and / or air moisture from a fluid phase which overcomes at least the disadvantages known from the prior art.

[0024] These objects are achieved completely or at least in part by a method for producing an adsorbent element for separating gases and / or air moisture from a fluid phase, by an adsorbent element produced in this way, by an adsorbent unit comprising a plurality of such adsorbent elements, and by a plant for separating gases and / or air moisture from a fluid phase, the plant comprising such an adsorbent element produced in the aforementioned method and / or such an adsorbent unit. Further preferred embodiments of the invention result from the remaining features mentioned in the description.

[0025] According to the invention, a method for producing an adsorbent element for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase is provided. The method comprises providing an adsorbent material for absorbing an adsorbate from a fluid phase and producing a mixture by adding the adsorbent material and a binder material and / or an additive material. In addition, the mixture consisting of the adsorbent material and the binder material and / or the additive material is pretreated by means of a mixer, wherein the mixture is mixed and homogenized during the pretreatment. Subsequently, the pretreated mixture is extruded by pressing it out of a molding opening of a molding tool and molding the extruded mixture into an extrudate, wherein the extrudate has a geometric dimension of at least 500 mm in a spatial direction. The extrudate is then accommodated by means of a receiving device and hardened.

[0026] In this context, an adsorbent material is understood to mean one which is suitable for reversibly binding the gas to be adsorbed, in particular carbon dioxide, by chemical or physical processes and subsequently releasing it again or which is suitable for drying an air flow of ambient air.

[0027] The provision of the adsorbent material for absorbing the adsorbate from the fluid phase and the production of the mixture by adding the adsorbent material and the binder material and / or the additive material are preferably carried out with the aid of a material receiving device. The resulting mixture, which already includes all components, such as the adsorbent material and the binder material and / or the additive material, is provided with the aid of the material receiving device and transferred to the mixer, or the mentioned components of the mixture are added in sequence to produce the mixture. Thus, preferably, the adsorbent material is added first and the binder material and / or the additive material are added immediately afterwards.

[0028] Furthermore, the mixture is pre-treated with the aid of a mixer until the mixture is suitable for extrusion. During the pre-treatment, additional components are mixed according to a formulation which comprises shares of adsorbent material and binder material and / or additive material. Here, the mixture is sufficiently homogenized. Furthermore, dispersion takes place such that a uniform distribution of the adsorbent material and the binder material and / or additive material is achieved. Here, an energy input into the mixture is effected. Each method or each mixer used therefor has its own characteristics with regard to the energy input and the homogenization effect for the respective mixture. When upgrading the process, the specific energy input per volume share is the decisive parameter.

[0029] After the pre-treatment, the process is preferably parameterized with the use of a control and regulation unit, and a drive for extrusion is operated. Thereby, a controlled extrusion is achieved, which means that the pre-treated mixture is pressed through the shaping openings of a shaping tool. The extrudate is molded into an adsorbent element by the action of force, wherein the extrudate has a geometric dimension of at least 500 mm in the spatial direction. Optionally, the adsorbent element is reduced by, for example, cutting the adsorbent element into individual adsorbent element components having a geometric dimension of at least 5 mm. The shape of the adsorbent element is preset by the shaping tool and can accordingly be designed very differently.

[0030] Subsequently, a receiving device receives the molded extrudate and holds it until the end of the process.

[0031] The molded extrudate then represents the adsorbent element, which can subsequently be brought to an oven accordingly, in which, depending on the composition of the adsorbent element, further post-treatment, such as calcination or a corresponding heat treatment or thermal treatment, is then carried out.

[0032] With the method for manufacturing an adsorbent element according to the invention, it is in principle possible to manufacture adsorbent elements suitable for adsorbing or desorbing various gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) or water (H2O). Thus, the use is not limited to adsorbent elements used in the context of DAC technology, but is also suitable for other uses and applications in technical fields where gas separation, gas separation, gas cleaning, gas dehumidification, etc. are carried out.

[0033] Compared with the use of granules or pellets in the form of a packing in a corresponding facility, the adsorbent element manufactured according to the invention avoids the creation of undesired void spaces in certain areas of the facility. The packing density of the packing is also avoided, which may in particular lead to an irregular arrangement. Both effects cause an increased bypass effect and thus a risk of faster breakthrough during adsorption. There is also a higher pressure loss. This can be avoided by means of the adsorbent element manufactured according to the invention. It has such dimensions that the adsorbent element can be used and arranged in a corresponding facility in a controlled and structured manner. A uniform structure is ensured, whereby an improved space filling and as low a flow resistance as possible are achieved. By means of this method, the possibility is created of manufacturing such an adsorbent element in a targeted manner, where the adaptation is carried out simply and effectively by selecting a suitable shaping tool.

[0034] Consequently, control of the degrees of freedom associated with volume changes during heating is achieved. The adsorbent element manufactured according to the invention can be loaded in series in a targeted manner in the facility and thus a controlled degree of freedom can be achieved. This ensures the design of the facility with regard to the application situation.

[0035] Especially for large facilities, this represents a particularly cost-effective possibility for manufacturing the adsorbent element.

[0036] In a preferred design of the invention, it is provided that the geometric dimensions are at least 1000 mm, preferably 1200 mm, and particularly preferably 1500 mm.

[0037] According to another preferred design of the invention, the mixer is a twin-screw extruder or a continuous kneader, and mixing and homogenization are combined in the twin-screw extruder or the continuous kneader. At the same time, the mixer represents the drive for the extrusion step. The method is preferably a continuous process. This includes the steps of mixing and homogenization and preferably comminution. These steps are carried out in the mixer. The use of a twin-screw extruder is an advantageous process variant for pretreatment because it enables maximum possible flexibility for the individual zones along the screw. Activation takes place in the zones by means of shear and, if possible, a slightly elevated temperature, and thus an optimized production of the extrudable mixture can be achieved.

[0038] In a preferred design of the invention, it is provided that the total amount of the adsorbent material is in the range of 15 to 65% by weight, in particular in the range of 17 to 60% by weight, and preferably in the range of 20 to 57% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture. A mixture is thus produced which has properties suitable for extrusion after pretreatment, while at the same time ensuring the required adsorption and desorption properties.

[0039] According to another preferred design of the present invention, the adsorbent material comprises zeolite, preferably crystalline aluminosilicate, ion exchange resin, silica gel and / or metal organic framework, MOF. According to a particularly preferred design of the adsorbent element, the adsorbent material is a physical adsorbent, especially zeolite. Physical adsorbents are particularly effective in absorbing carbon dioxide from a dry air stream with a residual moisture content of less than 5%. In cases where the air humidity is higher, the air humidity will also be absorbed by the adsorbent material, thereby reducing the absorption capacity for carbon dioxide.

[0040] In an alternative design of the adsorbent element, the adsorbent material can also be a chemical adsorbent. Chemical adsorbents are also suitable for adsorbing carbon dioxide from ambient air and then releasing it again during the desorption process.

[0041] Preferably, the total amount of the binder material is in the range of 1 to 30% by weight, especially in the range of 2 to 25% by weight, and preferably in the range of 3 to 20% by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture.

[0042] In a preferred design of the present invention, the binder material comprises clay-based materials, preferably kaolin, bentonite and / or palygorskite, carbohydrates, polyvinyl alcohol, PVA, polyvinyl butyral, PVB, silica and / or alumina. These components can be advantageously combined with each other, thereby meeting different technical requirements in practice.

[0043] In a further preferred design of the present invention, manufacturing the mixture and / or pre-treating the mixture includes adding a wetting agent, preferably water. The addition is preferably carried out after mixing the adsorbent material and the binder material into a homogeneous mixture. This promotes and simplifies the process flow. The formation of destructive condensates is reduced, and condensate formation particularly has a negative impact on extrusion.

[0044] Preferably, the total amount of the wetting agent is in the range of 5% to 40% by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture. Thereby the mixture can be easily extruded and molded as desired. Here, particularly preferably, the mixture composed of the adsorbent material and the binder material is in the range of 60 to 95% by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture. These components can be advantageously combined with each other, thereby meeting different technical requirements in practice.

[0045] In a preferred design of the present invention, it is provided that the additive material includes technical additives, adhesion promoters, lubricants and / or pore formers. Thereby the desired properties of the manufactured adsorbent element can be modeled and designed as needed, so that the adsorbent element is optimally designed for the corresponding application field.

[0046] Preferably, the additive material is in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture.

[0047] According to another preferred design of the present invention, the cross-section of the molded mixture is circular, annular, triangular, rectangular, hexahedral or octahedral. The cross-section preferably extends perpendicular to the geometric dimension. By using the shaping openings of the corresponding structure of the molding tool, the shape of the adsorbent element can be variably designed. Due to different applications, different flow technologies and thermodynamic conditions will occur in the facilities in which the adsorbent element is used. Accordingly, this is taken into account by the cross-section, so as to manufacture an adsorbent element that is particularly combined with other adsorbent elements and matched to the separation facility. Therefore, the flow conditions are optimized, uneven exposure areas are avoided, or on the other hand, dense areas are avoided, so that such facilities can be evenly filled with the adsorbent element and thus these effects are avoided.

[0048] Therefore, in the case of a circular cross-section, the adsorbent element is a cylinder. Preferably, the adsorbent element then has a diameter of 3 to 100 mm. In the case of other cross-sections, the adsorbent element has a hydraulic diameter of this order of magnitude. Therefore, in the case of a circular cross-section, the adsorbent element is a hollow cylinder. Preferably, the adsorbent element then has an outer diameter of 3 to 100 mm and an inner diameter of 0.3 to 10 mm.

[0049] Preferably, the opening of the molding tool is configured such that the extruded mixture includes a receiving portion, preferably a cavity, for the heating element. Thus, the method provides an adsorbent element that can be equipped with a heating element, making it possible to effectively heat the adsorbent element. This is moreover a space-saving possibility for heating, because additional space-demanding heating elements can be dispensed with. Optionally, the reduction of the adsorbent element is achieved by, for example, cutting the adsorbent element into individual adsorbent element components having a geometric dimension of at least 5 mm. Each of these adsorbent element components then also includes its own cavity. In a further preferred method step, a large number of these adsorbent element components are arranged, that is to say strung, on a heating element, preferably a heating wire. In other words, there is then a chain including a heating element and a plurality of adsorbent element components carried by the heating element by means of the cavity.

[0050] In another preferred design of the present invention, it is provided that the extrusion of the pretreatment mixture further includes simultaneously supplying a heating element to the shaping opening of the forming tool, so that the heating element is surrounded by the extrudate. In this case, it is preferably provided with an additional processing device or supply device, which supplies a heating element (preferably a heating wire or a heating tube) in the forming tool, wherein the heating element is surrounded by the extruded mixture during extrusion. The heating element is preferably an electrically heatable heating element. By this method, the adsorbent element is manufactured in an effective and flexible manner, which enables particularly energy-saving heating of the adsorbent material, because instead of heating the entire filler of particles or pellets, the adsorbent material is in direct contact with the heating element that can be easily heated. In the case of particles, temperature regulation is achieved, for example, through heat exchanger fins, which results in a slow heating process. By reducing the length and number of heat transitions in the adsorbent element according to the present invention, losses are reduced and energy efficiency is increased. In addition, a particularly compact embodiment of the adsorbent element is possible, and the heating element can be energized through a corresponding connection part and heated due to resistance when passing through the carrier. In addition, faster heating and faster cooling can be achieved, thereby achieving a shorter cycle time, which brings significant cost advantages. In addition, additional working steps in which the adsorbent element is provided with a heating element are avoided.

[0051] Preferably, the opening of the forming tool is configured such that the extrudate includes a plurality of protrusions arranged along the circumference of the extrudate, and gaps are arranged between adjacent protrusions. Preferably, the shape of the protrusions and thus the shape of the gaps are configured such that the protrusions of the first adsorbent element and the gaps of the second adsorbent element with the same structure correspond to each other, so that the protrusions of one adsorbent element can be introduced into the gaps of the other adsorbent element and preferably a form-fitting connection is constructed. Thereby, a higher packing density in the facility is achieved.

[0052] Preferably, the opening of the forming tool is configured such that the extrudate includes a plurality of protrusions arranged along the circumference of the extrudate, and gaps for accommodating the heating element are arranged between adjacent protrusions. The protrusions preferably extend continuously along the entire geometric dimension of the adsorbent element. The gap is preferably configured such that it allows the accommodated heating element to move only in the direction along the geometric dimension. Thereby, additional fastening of the heating element is avoided, because the heating element is held by the interlocking of the protrusions and the gaps. For example, the heating element can be assembled by moving it into the gap along the geometric dimension, so that it can be easily equipped with a heating element.

[0053] The second aspect of the present invention relates to an adsorbent element manufactured by the method according to the present invention. The features and advantages described in connection with this method can be combined with the adsorbent element in a similar manner and their advantages can be achieved.

[0054] The third aspect of the present invention relates to an adsorbent unit, which includes a plurality of adsorbent elements manufactured by using the method according to the present invention, wherein each of the plurality of adsorbent elements includes an electric heating element, and the heating elements of the adsorbent elements are electrically connected in parallel and / or in series. Thus, each of the plurality of adsorbent elements can be selectively heated, thereby achieving very targeted heating. The adsorbent elements are put into operation accordingly according to the application, and are used according to how and when drying, adsorption or desorption should occur, and they are selectively heated respectively. For example, the heating of the first area of the processing space can be carried out first, and then extended to the second area. Thus, the adsorbent elements can be arbitrarily controlled, or the desired adsorbent element can be heated to the desired temperature via temperature regulation or via current intensity regulation via the temperature sensors integrated in the adsorbent elements, and thus the best process guidance can be achieved.

[0055] The fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a facility for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase, which includes a flow generator for conveying the fluid phase through the facility, a first processing space for drying the fluid phase, and a second processing space downstream of the first processing space in the flow direction for separating gas, preferably carbon dioxide, from the fluid phase dried in the first processing space, wherein adsorbent elements manufactured by using the method according to the present invention and / or an adsorbent unit according to the present invention are arranged in at least one of the two processing spaces.

[0056] Further preferred design solutions of the present invention are derived from the remaining features mentioned in the description.

[0057] Unless otherwise specified in individual cases, the various embodiments of the present invention mentioned in this application can be advantageously combined with each other. Description of the Drawings

[0058] Subsequently, the present invention will be explained in embodiments with reference to the drawings. Among them:

[0059] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device for implementing the method for manufacturing an adsorbent element according to the present invention is shown.

[0060] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of a facility for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0061] Figure 2b A schematic diagram of a facility for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase according to the second embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0062] Figure 3aShows an adsorbent element manufactured by the method according to the invention according to a first embodiment of the invention,

[0063] Figure 3b Shows Figure 3a an adsorbent element with a heating element therein,

[0064] Figure 3c shows different cross-sections of an adsorbent element manufactured by the method according to the invention,

[0065] Figure 3d shows different cross-sections of a heating element surrounded by an extrudate,

[0066] Figures 4a - 4c shows a further adsorbent element manufactured by the method according to the invention according to a further embodiment of the invention,

[0067] Figure 5a shows an adsorbent element manufactured by the method according to the invention according to a second embodiment of the invention,

[0068] Figure 5b Shows Figure 5a the assembly of a plurality of adsorbent elements in

[0069] Figure 6a shows an adsorbent unit comprising a plurality of adsorbent elements connected in series electrically and manufactured by the method according to the invention,

[0070] Figure 6b shows an adsorbent unit comprising a plurality of adsorbent elements connected in series and in parallel electrically and manufactured by the method according to the invention,

[0071] Figure 7 shows an adsorbent element manufactured by the method according to the invention according to a third embodiment of the invention,

[0072] Figure 8 shows a treatment space comprising a plurality of adsorbent units according to the invention,

[0073] Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the method according to the invention,

[0074] Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of the steps of manufacturing a mixture and pretreating the mixture,

[0075] Figure 11 shows an experimental facility for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase according to an example, and

[0076] Figure 12 shows breakthrough curves during adsorption according to an example and according to the prior art. Detailed implementation mode

[0077] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device for performing a method for manufacturing an adsorbent element 7 according to the present invention is shown. The device includes a driver 11, a mixer 12, a material accommodating device 13, an extrusion device 14 in which a forming tool 15 is arranged, a accommodating device 16 for the extrudate, and a control and regulation unit 17.

[0078] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of a facility for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. The facility includes a flow generator (not shown) for transporting the fluid phase through the facility. A structure is shown, which includes: a drying chamber 21, as a first processing space 21 for drying the fluid phase; and an adsorption chamber 22 located downstream of the first processing space 21 in the flow direction, as a second processing space 22 for separating gas. The gas is dehumidified by means of the drying chamber 21. The adsorption chamber 22 is used for adsorbing or desorbing adsorbents from the gas. An adsorbent element 31 for dehumidifying the gas manufactured according to the present invention is arranged in the drying chamber 21. An adsorbent element 32 for adsorbing adsorbents from the gas and then desorbing them manufactured according to the present invention is arranged in the adsorption chamber 22. The drying chamber 21 and the adsorption chamber 22 are technically connected to each other through various pipelines, flaps, valves, etc., in other words, through connection elements 4. After desorption, the collected gas is transferred to the main memory 6 by means of pipeline fittings 5.

[0079] Figure 2b A schematic diagram of a facility for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this case, the structure only includes an adsorption chamber 22 having an adsorbent element 32 for adsorption / desorption 32. In this embodiment, the adsorption chamber 22 is set as the main processing chamber and is used for adsorption and desorption, where drying is not required here.

[0080] Which facility variant to use when using an adsorbent element manufactured according to the present invention depends on the composition and process design of the adsorbent element.

[0081] Figure 3a An adsorbent element manufactured by using the method according to the present invention according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. The adsorbent element 7 includes a matrix 71 and a cavity 72. Figure 3a A front view of the adsorbent element 7 is shown in the left part. Currently, this is an annular cross-section. The cross-section extends perpendicular to the geometric dimensions. Therefore, the adsorbent element 7 has a cavity 72, which is configured to accommodate a heating element 8 and extends along the entire geometric dimension of the adsorbent element 7. In other words, the adsorbent element 7 is currently a hollow cylinder. In Figure 3aIn the right part, a side view of the adsorbent element 7 is depicted in cross-section. Here, the geometric dimensions of the adsorbent element 7 can be recognized in the form of a length L, which is at least 500 mm according to the present invention, whereby a particularly suitable installation of such an adsorbent element can be achieved with normal installation dimensions without packing occurring.

[0082] Figure 3b The adsorbent element with the heating element 8 is shown Figure 3a The molded adsorbent element 7 is present here as a hollow cylinder, in the cavity 72 of which a heating wire 8 is arranged. This is preferably achieved during the method according to the present invention by the heating wire 8 being simultaneously supplied to the shaping opening of the molding tool in the coextrusion path, such that the heating element 8 is surrounded by the extrudate.

[0083] Figure 3c Different front views of the adsorbent element 7 manufactured by the method according to the present invention are shown. Due to the method according to the present invention, there are different possible cross-sections of the adsorbent element 7 depending on the subsequent application. Each of the shown adsorbent elements 7 basically comprises a matrix 71 and a cavity 72. Starting from the leftmost shown adsorbent element 7, the adsorbent element 7 has a matrix 71 in the form of a triangle, square, rectangle, hexagon, and octagon. Currently, the contour of the cavity 72 is circular. However, the cavity can also have the shapes mentioned for the matrix 71, where it should be noted that the cavity 72 corresponds to the heating element 8 to reduce the number of heat transitions.

[0084] Figure 3d Different cross-sections of the heating element for being surrounded by the extrudate are shown.

[0085] Figures 4a - 4c Another adsorbent element 7 manufactured by the method according to the present invention according to a further embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0086] Figure 4aShows another preferred embodiment of the adsorbent element 7 manufactured using the corresponding forming tool. The adsorbent element 7 includes a substrate 71 having a star-shaped profile along the circumference of the substrate 71. In other words, the adsorbent element 7 includes a plurality of protrusions 73. Currently, the adsorbent element includes four protrusions 73 in the form of blunt sawteeth. Starting from the substrate, they have a tapered region in the radial direction, which then gradually widens. The protrusions 73 extend along the entire geometric dimension, i.e., along the entire length L of the adsorbent element 7. The adsorbent element includes a cavity 72 in which a heating wire 8 can preferably be arranged. A gap 74 is arranged between adjacent protrusions 73, which also extends along the entire geometric dimension, i.e., along the entire length L of the adsorbent element 7. Preferably, the shape of the protrusions and thus the shape of the gap 74 are configured such that the protrusions 73 of the adsorbent element 7 and the gaps 74 of another identical adsorbent element 7 correspond to each other, so that the protrusions 73 of one adsorbent element 7 can be introduced into the gaps 74 of another adsorbent element and preferably form a form-fit connection. Thereby, a higher packing density is achieved in the facility.

[0087] Figure 4b Shows another possible embodiment as also regarding Figure 4a described, in which an additional heating wire 8 is arranged in the gap 74 here.

[0088] Figure 4c Shows another embodiment of the adsorbent element 7. The adsorbent element does not have a tapered region in the protrusions 73. Thereby, the arrangement in the facility is simplified, while at the same time a high packing density is still achieved when using a plurality of identical adsorbent elements 7.

[0089] Figure 5a Shows an adsorbent element manufactured by the method according to the invention according to a second embodiment of the invention. An embodiment of the adsorbent element 7 is shown, which has a substrate 71 and two protrusions 73 with two gaps 74 arranged therebetween.

[0090] Figure 5b Shows Figure 5a the assembly of a plurality of adsorbent elements in. The structuring possibilities of this arrangement can be clearly recognized, thereby avoiding the disadvantages of irregular and uncontrolled filling of particles or pellets.

[0091] Figure 6aAn adsorbent unit 70 is shown, which includes a plurality of adsorbent elements 7 that are electrically connected in series and manufactured by the method according to the present invention. In other words, an adsorbent unit 70 or an assembly 70 of six structurally identical adsorbent elements 7 is shown. Each adsorbent element 7 includes a heating wire 8, which is surrounded by an extrudate by being simultaneously supplied to a molding tool. Each heating wire 8 includes two heating wire ends. The heating wire ends of the heating wire 8 are conductively connected in series with each other, and thus the respective adsorbent elements 7 or their heating wires 8 are connected in series to a power source 9. The current starts from the first adsorbent element 7 or heating wire 8 and then successively flows through the other adsorbent elements 7 or their heating wires 8 in series. The adsorbent elements 7 or their heating wires 8 are electrically connected to the heating wire by soldering, welding, crimping, or the like.

[0092] Figure 6b An adsorbent unit 70 is shown, which includes a plurality of adsorbent elements 7 that are electrically connected in series and in parallel and manufactured by the method according to the present invention. In other words, an adsorbent unit 70 or an assembly 70 of six structurally identical adsorbent elements 7 is shown. Each adsorbent element 7 includes a heating wire 8, which is surrounded by an extrudate by being simultaneously supplied to a molding tool. Each heating wire 8 includes two heating wire ends. The heating wire ends are conductively connected to each other, where the heating wire ends of two adsorbent elements 7 are respectively connected to each other as depicted. Thus, these two adsorbent elements 7 or heating wires 8 that are respectively connected to each other form a pair. This pair and other correspondingly constructed pairs are respectively connected to a power source 9 via one of their heating wire ends. In other words, the poles of the same name of the pairs are respectively connected together. Therefore, these pairs are arranged relative to each other in a parallel connection form. In other words, in Figure 6b the adsorbent element 7 arranged below and the adsorbent element 7 arranged above it are conductively connected to each other, and thus there are three pairs of adsorbent elements 7 that are connected in parallel to the power source 9. Therefore, the current simultaneously starts from a corresponding one of the adsorbent elements 7 in all three pairs of adsorbent elements 7 and ends at a corresponding other adsorbent element 7 in all three pairs of adsorbent elements 7. The adsorbent elements 7 or their heating wires 8 are electrically connected to the heating wire by soldering, welding, crimping, or the like.

[0093] Figure 7 An adsorbent element 7 manufactured by the method according to the present invention according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown. Two adsorbent elements 7 are depicted, which are basically based on the same structure. The adsorbent element 7 shown above includes a cuboid matrix 71 and three cavities 72 for accommodating the heating wire 8. The adsorbent element 7 shown below includes a cuboid matrix 71 and two cavities 72, in which two heating wires 8 are arranged.

[0094] Figure 8The processing space 22 including a plurality of adsorbent units 70 according to the present invention is shown. The adsorbent units 70 are loaded into the processing space 22 in such a manner that a stacked arrangement is constructed. The adsorbent units are put into operation correspondingly according to the application and are used according to how and when drying, adsorption or desorption should occur, and they are selectively heated respectively. Thus, for example, heating can be first performed in the lower region of the processing space 22 and then extended to the upper region. Thus, the adsorbent units 70 can be arbitrarily controlled or the desired adsorbent units 70 can be heated to the desired temperature via temperature regulation or via current intensity regulation by means of temperature sensors integrated in the adsorbent units 70, and thus an optimal process guidance can be achieved. The adsorbent element 7 of the adsorbent unit 70 is in particular hollow cylindrical, and the heating wire 8 is correspondingly arranged in the cavity 72 of the adsorbent element 7, and then introduced into the cavity 72 or supplied during the manufacture of the adsorbent element 7 by coextrusion. Alternatively, a plurality of separately obtained components each provided with a cavity 72 of the extruded adsorbent element are arranged on the heating wire 8. In other words, the adsorbent unit 70 then exists in the form of a chain structure. A large number of such adsorbent units 70 are arranged, for example, in a screw shape in the processing space 22.

[0095] Figure 9 A schematic view of a method for manufacturing an adsorbent element 7 according to the present invention is shown, and the adsorbent element 7 is used for Figure 1 separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase by means of the device shown for carrying out the method for manufacturing an adsorbent element 7 according to the present invention.

[0096] The method starts with step S100, in which an adsorbent material for absorbing adsorbates from a fluid phase is provided.

[0097] Immediately thereafter, in step S200, a mixture is manufactured by adding an adsorbent material and a binder material and / or an additive material. Providing an adsorbent material for absorbing adsorbates from a fluid phase and manufacturing a mixture by adding an adsorbent material and a binder material and / or an additive material are preferably carried out by means of a material containing device 13. The resulting mixture already including all components, such as an adsorbent material and a binder material and / or an additive material, is provided and conveyed to a mixer 12 by means of the material containing device 13, or the components of the mentioned mixture are added sequentially. In other words, in the first-mentioned case, the addition of the made mixture including an adsorbent material and a binder material and / or an additive material via the material containing device 13 is achieved in the mixer 12. In the second-mentioned case, the addition of the adsorbent material is first achieved via the material containing device 13, and immediately thereafter the addition of the binder material and / or the additive material is achieved.

[0098] In a subsequent step S300, the mixture composed of the adsorbent material and the binder material and / or additive material is pretreated by means of the mixer 12, wherein mixing and homogenization of the mixture are achieved during the pretreatment. The pretreatment of the mixture by means of the mixer 12 is achieved until the respective substances are suitable for extrusion. During the pretreatment, the components are mixed especially according to a formulation which includes the shares of the adsorbent material, the binder material and / or additive material. Here, the mixture is sufficiently homogenized.

[0099] Immediately afterwards, in step S400, the pretreated mixture is extruded by pressing it out of the shaping opening of the shaping tool 15 and molding the extruded mixture into an extrudate, wherein the extrudate has a geometric dimension of at least 500 mm in the spatial direction. In other words, when the mixture is completely prepared, the process is parameterized by means of the control and regulation unit 17, and the drive 11 is actuated, which is preferably also achieved by the mixer 12. For example, this is achieved by means of a twin-screw extruder. At this moment, fully controlled extrusion begins, i.e., the mixture is pressed through the extrusion device 14 and its shaping tool 15.

[0100] In step S500, this is followed by accommodating and hardening the extrudate by means of the accommodating device 16. By the action of force, the extrudate is thus molded and accommodated by the accommodating device 16. The accommodating device 16 holds the extrudate until the end of the process. The shape of the adsorbent element 7 depends on the shaping tool 15 or its die and is accordingly designed differently as required. In the case where the adsorbent element 7 is preferably manufactured in an extrusion step with a heating element 8 (such as a heating wire), an additional processing device (not shown) or a supply device for supplying the heating wire 8 in the shaping tool 15 is provided, wherein the heating wire 8 is surrounded by the extruded mixture during extrusion. In the case where the adsorbent element 7 is molded without a heating wire 8, the adsorbent element 7 is alternatively cut into different desired lengths in the green state and then further processed or mass-produced accordingly.

[0101] Figure 10 A schematic view of the steps of manufacturing and pretreating the mixture is shown, which steps are carried out during the Figure 9 method according to the invention herein. Here, step S200 is divided into sub-steps S201 and S202, which respectively relate to the addition of components. According to Figure 10 , three different compositions used during the method according to the invention are described.

[0102] According to the first variant, the manufacture of the adsorbent element based on zeolite as the adsorbent material is realized. The zeolite material is preferably any crystalline aluminosilicate from the zeolite structure series (http: / / www.iza-struct.org / databases / ). The inorganic binder material preferably includes clay-based materials (kaolin, bentonite, palygorskite), silica or alumina. In step S201, 50 - 95% by weight of the zeolite and 5 - 50% of the inorganic binder material are dry-mixed in the mixer 12 until the mixture is homogenized. Immediately thereafter, in step S202, a wetting agent (preferably water) is added in a proportion of 5 - 40% by weight of the total weight of the mixture with stirring. In addition, after adding the wetting agent to the manufactured mixture, a technical additive and / or an additive (adhesive aid, lubricant, pore-forming agent) is added in a proportion of 0.1 - 5%, and the mixture is pretreated in step S300. When the mixture is homogeneous, the mixing or pretreatment ends, and the mixture pretreated in this way is used for the next process step S400.

[0103] According to the second variant, the manufacture of the adsorbent element based on a chemisorbent material, preferably based on an ion exchange resin, is realized. The ion exchange resin is preferably a functionalized resin. The binder material is preferably of inorganic origin, such as clay-based materials (kaolin, bentonite, palygorskite), silica or alumina, or alternatively of inorganic origin, such as carbohydrates or polyvinyl alcohol, PVA. In step S201, 50 - 100% by weight of the ion exchange resin and 1 - 50% of the binder material are mixed in the mixer 12 until the mixture is homogenized. Immediately thereafter, in step S202, a wetting agent (preferably water) is added in a proportion of 5 - 40% by weight of the total weight of the mixture with stirring. In addition, after adding the wetting agent to the manufactured mixture, a technical additive and / or an additive (adhesive aid, lubricant, pore-forming agent) is added in a proportion of 0.1 - 5%, and the mixture is pretreated in step S300. When the mixture is homogeneous, the mixing or pretreatment ends, and the mixture pretreated in this way is used for the next process step S400.

[0104] According to a third variant, the adsorbent element is manufactured based on a metal organic framework MOF as an adsorbent material. The MOF material is a MOF from the metal organic framework database (https: / / mottech.northwestern.edun). The binder material is preferably of inorganic origin, such as a clay-based material (kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite), silica or alumina, or of inorganic origin, such as a carbohydrate, polyvinyl alcohol, PVA or polyvinyl butyral, PVB. In step S201, 50-95% of the MOF with respect to its total weight is mixed with 5-50% of the binder material in a mixer 12 until the mixture is uniform. Subsequently, in step S202, a wetting agent (preferably water) is added in a proportion of 5-40% of the total weight of the mixture while stirring. In addition, after adding the wetting agent to the manufactured mixture, technical additives and / or additives (adhesion promoters, lubricants, pore formers) are added in a proportion of 0.1-5%, and the mixture is pretreated in step S300. When the mixture is uniform, the mixing or pretreatment is finished, and the mixture thus pretreated is used for the next process step S400.

[0105] In the first example, Figure 11 In the experimental facility shown in , an adsorption separation method for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase is carried out. The experimental facility comprises a flow generator (not shown) for conveying the fluid phase through the experimental facility and a process space 22 for drying the fluid phase and for separating gas (currently carbon dioxide) from the fluid phase dried in the process space 22. Here, an adsorbent unit 70 according to the invention is arranged in the process space 22. The adsorbent unit 70 comprises a plurality of cylindrical adsorbent elements 7 manufactured by the method according to the invention, during the manufacture according to the invention, in particular during the extrusion of the pretreated mixture, a heating element 8 is simultaneously supplied to the molding opening of the molding tool. Thereby, an adsorbent element 7 is provided, which, due to the coextrusion, has a heating element 8 surrounded by the extrudate. In the present example, the heating element 8 is an electrically heatable heating wire 8. The adsorbent element 7 is manufactured in an efficient and flexible manner by this method, which enables particularly energy-saving heating of the adsorbent material, because the complete filling of particles or pellets is not heated, but the adsorbent material is in direct contact with the easily heatable heating element 8. Furthermore, the heating takes place within the process space 22 and not via the outer walls of the process space 22, which would be associated with further additional disadvantageous thermal transitions. The heating elements 8 of the adsorbent elements 7 are electrically connected in parallel.

[0106] The adsorption separation method includes a first adsorption I, desorption, (please only briefly mention these parameters as example selections, and also mention that the sample has not been pretreated, that is, the sample has not been pre-dried, the water content is unknown, but is simply used for measurement) a regeneration process, and an adsorption II. The first adsorption I is carried out at a volumetric flow rate of 8.5 liters per minute, wherein the inflowing fluid has a carbon dioxide concentration of 400 ppm CO2 in a carrier gas including nitrogen N2 at a temperature of 23 °C. In addition, the inflowing fluid has a relative humidity of 69% in the case of a pressure of 1 bar. The desorption is carried out in a vacuum at 10 mbar at a temperature of 50 °C over a period of 30 minutes. The regeneration process is carried out in a vacuum at 10 mbar at a temperature of 140 °C over a period of 60 minutes. The second adsorption II is carried out at a volumetric flow rate of 8.5 liters per minute, wherein the inflowing fluid has a carbon dioxide concentration of 400 ppm CO2 in a carrier gas including nitrogen N2 at a temperature of 23 °C. The current supply to the heating element 8 is carried out at 20 A and 2 V DC, that is, a power of 40 watts. A total current consumption of 0.06 kWh for heating is obtained during the desorption and regeneration processes. These parameters are determined exemplarily and are by no means restrictive. The adsorbent element 7 has not been pre-conditioned, that is, not pre-dried.

[0107] In contrast, a further adsorption separation method is carried out, wherein instead of the adsorbent unit 70 according to the invention, a conventional particle that has also not been pretreated is used herein, and heating is carried out via the outer wall portion of the treatment space 22.

[0108] The results of the adsorption separation method according to the example and another adsorption separation method according to the prior art are shown in Figure 12 below. Figure 12 Shown are the carbon dioxide concentrations c measured at the outlet of the treatment space 22 during the first adsorption I and during the second adsorptions I, II' compared to the carbon dioxide concentration c0 of the inflowing fluid. Here, breakthrough curves are shown. Breakthrough is a characteristic parameter of adsorption. By this it is meant that the concentration increase of the selected component on the downstream side of the adsorber exceeds any arbitrarily selected magnitude. The breakthrough behavior under different boundary conditions is described by means of the breakthrough curves. These describe the curve of the adsorbate concentration over time at the outlet of the adsorber. The first curve AI shows the measured carbon dioxide concentration during the first adsorption I according to this example and the prior art, the second curve AII shows the measured carbon dioxide concentration during the second adsorption II according to this example, and the third curve AII' shows the measured carbon dioxide concentration during the second adsorption II' according to the prior art.

[0109] Here, in principle, the adsorption of CO2 on the adsorbent element according to the present invention or on the particles according to the prior art is carried out first, such that almost no CO2 can be detected at the outlet of the treatment space 22. As time goes by, CO2 is no longer adsorbed, such that from a certain point on, an increase in the measured carbon dioxide concentration is achieved at the outlet of the treatment space 22. This increase is substantially linear until the curve finally asymptotically approaches the limit value given by the carbon dioxide concentration c0 of the inflowing fluid.

[0110] In particular, an important parameter for evaluating the efficiency is regeneration. In this example, it is 51.8%. It represents the ratio of the absorption capacity of the adsorbent during the second adsorption II to the absorption capacity of the adsorbent during the first adsorption I. It is affected in such a way that during adsorption, in addition to the desired substance (currently carbon dioxide), there is also moisture (i.e., water H2O) that is separated from the fluid by adsorption and accumulates at the interface of the adsorbent element 7. Therefore, during the regeneration process, the moisture is separated from the adsorbent element 7 by heating the adsorbent element 7, such that the absorption capacity for carbon dioxide increases again during subsequent re-adsorption. In this example, the absorption capacity of the adsorbent during the second adsorption II is 0.0028 mmol / g. In this example, the absorption capacity of the adsorbent during the first adsorption I is 0.0054 mmol / g.

[0111] In contrast, as described, comparative experiments are carried out with a conventional adsorbent comprising particles. Their heating is carried out through the outer surface of the treatment space. Here, the regeneration process is carried out at a significantly higher temperature between 170 °C and 200 °C and over a relatively long period of about 2 hours. According to the prior art, the regeneration is 30 - 40%. It represents the ratio of the absorption capacity of the adsorbent during the second adsorption II' to the absorption capacity of the adsorbent during the first adsorption I.

[0112] According to Figure 12 It can be recognized that in the present embodiment and the prior art, during the second adsorption II, II', the point from which the increase occurs starts earlier in time than during the first adsorption I. In this example, however, the start of this point can be delayed in time due to the previous regeneration process, such that more CO2 can be adsorbed during the second adsorption II according to this example than during the second adsorption II' according to the prior art. The values observed for regeneration in the prior art are in the range of 30% to 40%. In addition, in the prior art, on the one hand, the energy use for the regeneration process is significantly higher, while on the other hand, a lower value for regeneration is still achieved. The exemplary curve for the second adsorption II' according to the prior art shows a shift to a lower value of the absorption capacity after the regeneration process.

[0113] List of reference symbols

[0114] 11 Driver

[0115] 12 Mixer

[0116] 13 Material holding device

[0117] 14 Extrusion device

[0118] 15 Molding tool

[0119] 16 Holding device

[0120] 17 Control and regulation unit

[0121] 21 Processing space / drying chamber

[0122] 22 Processing space / adsorption chamber

[0123] 31 Adsorbent element for drying

[0124] 32 Adsorbent element for adsorption / desorption

[0125] 4 Connecting element

[0126] 5 Pipeline fitting

[0127] 6 Main memory

[0128] 7 Adsorbent element

[0129] 70 Adsorbent unit

[0130] 71 Substrate

[0131] 72 Receiving part / cavity

[0132] 73 Protrusion

[0133] 74 Gap

[0134] 8 Heating element / heating wire

[0135] 9 Power supply

[0136] S100 Provide adsorbent material

[0137] S200 Manufacture mixture

[0138] S201 Mix adsorbent material and binder material

[0139] S202 Add wetting agent

[0140] S300 Pretreat mixture

[0141] S400 Extrude pretreated mixture and mold extruded mixture

[0142] S500 Hold extrudate and harden extrudate

[0143] AI First Adsorption / Breakthrough Curve of the First Adsorption

[0144] AII, AII' Second Adsorption / Breakthrough Curve of the Second Adsorption

Claims

1. A method for producing an adsorbent element (7) for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase, comprising the following steps: providing (S100) an adsorbent material for absorbing an adsorbate from the fluid phase, manufacturing (S200) a mixture by adding an adsorbent material and a binder material and / or an additive material, The mixture is pretreated (S300) by means of a mixer (12), wherein mixing and homogenization of the mixture is performed during the pretreatment (S300), Extruding (S400) the pre-treated mixture by pressing it out of a molding opening of a molding tool (15) and molding (S400) the extruded mixture into an extrudate, wherein the extrudate has a geometric dimension of at least 500 mm in a spatial direction, The extrudate is received ( S500 ) by means of a receiving device and hardened ( S500 ).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The geometric dimensions of the extrudate are at least 1000 mm, preferably 1200 mm and particularly preferably 1500 mm.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The mixer (12) is a twin-screw extruder or a continuous kneader, and wherein mixing and homogenization are combined in the twin-screw extruder or the continuous kneader.

4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The total amount of the adsorbent material is in the range of 15 to 65 wt. %, in particular in the range of 17 to 60 wt. % and preferably in the range of 20 to 57 wt. %, based on the total weight of the mixture.

5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The adsorbent materials include zeolites, preferably crystalline aluminosilicates, ion exchange resins, silica gel and / or metal organic frameworks, MOFs.

6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The total amount of the binder material is in the range of 1 to 30 wt %, in particular in the range of 2 to 25 wt %, and preferably in the range of 3 to 20 wt %, based on the total weight of the mixture.

7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The binder material comprises a clay-based material, preferably kaolin, bentonite and / or attapulgite, a carbohydrate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, silica and / or alumina.

8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The additive materials include technical additives, adhesion promoters, lubricants and / or pore formers.

9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The cross-section of the molding compound is circular, doughnut-shaped, triangular, rectangular, hexahedral or octahedral.

10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The opening of the shaping tool (15) is designed in such a way that the extruded mixture comprises a receptacle (72), preferably a cavity (72), for the heating element (8).

11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: Extruding (S400) the pretreated mixture further comprises: At the same time, a heating element (8) is supplied to the profile opening of the shaping tool (15), so that the heating element (8) is surrounded by the extrudate.

12. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The opening of the forming tool (15) is configured such that the extrudate comprises a plurality of protrusions (73) arranged along the circumference of the extrudate, wherein gaps (74) are arranged between adjacent protrusions (73) for accommodating (72) heating elements (8).

13. A sorbent element (7) manufactured using the method according to any one of the preceding claims.

14. An adsorbent unit (70) comprising a plurality of adsorbent elements (7) manufactured using the method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the plurality of adsorbent elements (7) comprises an electrical heating element (8), wherein the heating elements of the adsorbent elements (7) are electrically connected in parallel and / or in series.

15. An installation for separating gas and / or air moisture from a fluid phase, comprising a flow generator for conveying the fluid phase through the installation, a first processing space (21) for drying the fluid phase, and A second process space (22) located downstream of the first process space (21) in the flow direction is used to separate gas, preferably carbon dioxide, from the fluid phase dried in the first process space (21), wherein an adsorbent element (7) according to claim 13 and / or an adsorbent unit (70) according to claim 14 is arranged in at least one of the two process spaces (21, 22).

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