Multidirectional self-adaptive torsional damper and using method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multidirectional self-adaptive torsional damper and a using method. The multidirectional self-adaptive torsional damper comprises a supporting frame, a rotating arm assembly and a guide rail assembly. The supporting frame comprises a fixed cylinder, an upper connecting plate arranged at the top end of the fixed cylinder and a lower connecting plate arranged at the bottom end of the fixed cylinder. The rotating arm assembly is arranged on the supporting frame and connected with the supporting frame through an energy dissipation rod, and the rotating arm assembly comprises a rotating arm, a rotating shaft arranged on the rotating arm and a sliding block arranged on the rotating shaft. The rotating arm assembly is connected with the supporting frame through an energy dissipation rod, the bottom circumference of the energy dissipation rod is limited to the lower connecting plate, and the top of the energy dissipation rod is rotationally connected to the upper connecting plate. The guide rail assembly is rotationally connected to the rotating arm assembly, slides while rotating around the rotating arm assembly, and comprises a guide plate arranged on a top plate and a guide plate arranged on the bottom surface of the top plate; one end of the rotating arm is connected to the energy dissipation bar, the sliding block is rotationally connected to the other end of the rotating arm through a rotating shaft, and the sliding block is in sliding connection with the guide plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of bridge seismic isolation, and more specifically, relates to a multi-directional adaptive torsion damper and a usage method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The elastoplastic steel damping device is also known as the steel hysteretic damper or the mild steel damper. The mild steel damping device mainly utilizes the principle that metal materials have good hysteretic characteristics after entering the plastic state and absorb a large amount of energy during the plastic hysteretic deformation process. It is a seismic isolation and damping device with advantages such as free shape design, easy processing, and low maintenance cost. At the same time, the mild steel damping device has stable damping characteristics, small influence of damping ratio on temperature, and high damping ratio. Currently, commonly used bending-type elastoplastic steel dampers include E-shaped steel dampers, C-shaped steel dampers, etc.

[0003] During minor earthquakes, the E / C-shaped steel is in the elastic range and does not absorb seismic energy. Its stiffness is relatively low compared to traditional bridge bearings, so it can extend the natural vibration period of the bridge and can achieve good seismic isolation effects. During major earthquakes, the E / C-shaped steel enters the plastic state, and the E / C-shaped steel absorbs seismic energy during hysteresis, which greatly improves the damping ratio of the entire system and achieves good shock absorption effects.

[0004] The above E / C-shaped steel dampers are all bending-type elastoplastic steel dampers, which form bending-type elastoplastic steel bearings in combination with various bearings and can only undergo bending deformation in one direction of the bridge. Therefore, they can only have hysteretic shock absorption effects in one direction. Based on this, a multi-directional adaptive torsion damper and a usage method thereof are needed to adapt to the movements in all directions of the bridge and perform hysteretic shock absorption in all directions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-directional adaptive torsion damper and a usage method thereof. When the bridge is subjected to horizontal movement under external loads, it drives the guide rail assembly to move in the horizontal plane, converts the horizontal movement into torsional movement through the rotating arm assembly, and transmits the torsional force to the energy dissipation rod. At this time, the torsional deformation of the energy dissipation rod is small and within the elastic deformation range, and it does not absorb seismic energy. When an earthquake occurs, the upper bridge drives the guide rail assembly to move in the horizontal plane, converts the horizontal movement into torsional movement through the rotating arm assembly, and transmits the torsional force to the energy dissipation rod. At this time, the torsional deformation of the energy dissipation rod is large and within the plastic deformation range, and it absorbs seismic energy during hysteresis. By converting all the movements in the horizontal plane into the torsional movement of the energy dissipation rod, the damping ratio of the entire system is improved, and good shock absorption effects are achieved.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a multi-directional adaptive torsion damper is provided, which includes a support frame, a rotating arm assembly, and a guide rail assembly;

[0007] The support frame includes a fixed cylinder, a connecting upper plate provided at the top end of the fixed cylinder, and a connecting lower plate provided at the bottom end of the fixed cylinder;

[0008] The swing arm assembly is provided on the support frame and is connected to the support frame through an energy dissipation rod, and includes a swing arm, a rotating shaft provided on the swing arm, and a slider provided on the rotating shaft;

[0009] The swing arm assembly is connected to the support frame through an energy dissipation rod. The bottom circumference of the energy dissipation rod is limited on the connecting lower plate, and the top is rotatably connected to the connecting upper plate;

[0010] The guide rail assembly is rotatably connected to the swing arm assembly and slides while rotating around the swing arm assembly, and includes a top plate and a guide plate provided on the bottom surface of the top plate;

[0011] One end of the swing arm is connected to the energy dissipation rod, the slider is rotatably connected to the other end of the swing arm through a rotating shaft, and the guide plate of the slider is slidably connected.

[0012] Further, the fixed cylinder is of a cylindrical structure, and the connecting upper plate and the connecting lower plate are respectively provided at the top end and the bottom end of the fixed cylinder.

[0013] Further, the connecting upper plate is a circular plate, which is fixed to the top end of the fixed cylinder. The diameter of the connecting upper plate is larger than the diameter of the fixed cylinder and is concentrically arranged with the fixed cylinder.

[0014] Further, the connecting lower plate is a circular plate, which is fixed to the bottom end of the fixed cylinder. The diameter of the connecting lower plate is larger than the diameter of the fixed cylinder and is concentrically arranged with the fixed cylinder;

[0015] A plurality of first connection holes are provided along the circumference at the edge of the connecting lower plate, and the first connection holes are special-shaped holes.

[0016] Further, the energy dissipation rod includes a limiting head at the bottom end and a rotating head at the top end;

[0017] The front cross-section of the limiting head has the same shape as the first connection hole of the connecting lower plate. The rear cross-section of the limiting head is larger than the front cross-section to form a limiting section. The limiting head is inserted into the first connection hole of the connecting lower plate and is axially limited by the limiting section;

[0018] The rear cross-section of the rotating head is circular to form a cylindrical section, and the front cross-section is special-shaped to form a connecting section;

[0019] The rotating head is arranged in the circular through hole of the connecting upper plate, and the connecting section passes through the circular through hole.

[0020] Further, one end of the swing arm is provided with a second connection hole, the shape of which is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the connecting section of the rotating head, and it is sleeved on the connecting section to form a connection. The other end of the swing arm extends outwards, and the slider is arranged on the extended section of the swing arm, and the two are connected by a rotating shaft, and the slider rotates on the swing arm around the rotating shaft.

[0021] Further, the slider is arranged between the two side plates of the guide plate and slides within the guide plate. A plurality of the guide plates are all fixed to the bottom surface of the top plate. When the top plate moves, it drives the guide plate to move within the plane, causing the slider to rotate to adjust the moving direction of the guide plate, and maintaining the connection between the top plate and the swing arm assembly through the guide plate;

[0022] Stainless steel plates are provided on several surfaces of the guide plate that are in contact with the slider, and wear-resistant plates are provided on several surfaces of the slider that are in contact with the guide plate. A sliding friction pair is formed between the stainless steel plate and the wear-resistant plate to reduce the sliding friction force between the slider and the guide plate.

[0023] According to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a method for using a multi-directional adaptive torsion damping device is provided, including the following steps:

[0024] S100. When a normal temperature displacement or an external force displacement is generated, the bridge drives the top plate to move;

[0025] S200. The top plate pushes the guide plate to move, and the slider automatically turns to the same direction as the guide plate. At the same time, the guide plate slides along the slider to generate a displacement in the direction of the guide plate;

[0026] S300. The displacement perpendicular to the direction of the guide plate does work on the energy dissipation rod through the swing arm, causing the energy dissipation rod to generate elastic torsion, so as to convert this part of the displacement into the torsional movement of the energy dissipation rod;

[0027] S400. Under the action of temperature displacement or external force, the energy dissipation rod reciprocally twists under its elastic action to achieve self-adaptation to the displacement generated by the bridge daily;

[0028] S500. When a large displacement is generated due to an earthquake, the bridge drives the top plate to move;

[0029] S600. The top plate pushes the guide plate to move, and the slider automatically turns to the same direction as the guide plate. At the same time, the guide plate slides along the slider to generate a displacement in the direction of the guide plate;

[0030] S700. The displacement perpendicular to the direction of the guide plate does work on the energy dissipation rod through the swing arm, causing the energy dissipation rod to generate plastic torsion, so as to convert this part of the displacement into the torsional movement of the energy dissipation rod;

[0031] During a major earthquake, the energy dissipation rod enters the plastic state and absorbs seismic energy during hysteresis. This greatly increases the damping ratio of the entire system and achieves a good seismic reduction effect.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S700, after the large displacement generated by the major earthquake disappears, due to the plastic torsion of the energy dissipation rod, it is replaced according to its low-cycle fatigue condition, and the replacement is convenient.

[0033] Generally speaking, compared with the prior art through the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:

[0034] 1. For the multi-directional adaptive torsion damping device of the present invention, when the bridge is subjected to horizontal movement under external loads, it drives the guide rail assembly to move in the horizontal plane. The horizontal movement is converted into torsional movement through the swing arm assembly and the torsional force is transmitted to the energy dissipation rod. At this time, the torsional deformation of the energy dissipation rod is small and within the elastic deformation range, and it does not absorb seismic energy. When an earthquake occurs, the upper bridge drives the guide rail assembly to move in the horizontal plane. The horizontal movement is converted into torsional movement through the swing arm assembly and the torsional force is transmitted to the energy dissipation rod. At this time, the torsional deformation of the energy dissipation rod is large and within the plastic deformation range, and it absorbs seismic energy during hysteresis. By converting all the horizontal movements into the torsional movement of the energy dissipation rod, the damping ratio of the entire system is increased, and a good seismic reduction effect is achieved.

[0035] 2. For the multi-directional adaptive torsion damping device of the present invention, the elastic torsion limit of the energy dissipation rod is designed according to the specifications and seismic resistance of the bridge, so that it generates elastic torsion under normal displacement conditions and recovers after the displacement disappears, so that the bridge displacement during normal service will not cause damage to it.

[0036] 3. For the multi-directional adaptive torsion damping device of the present invention, when encountering large displacements caused by earthquakes, the torsion of the energy dissipation rod exceeds its torsional elastic limit and undergoes plastic deformation to absorb the energy generated by the earthquake, thereby achieving a seismic reduction effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-directional adaptive torsion damping device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic internal structure diagram of a multi-directional adaptive torsion damping device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural connection diagram of the energy dissipation rod and the swing arm assembly of a multi-directional adaptive torsion damping device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the support frame of the energy dissipation rod and the swing arm assembly of a multi-directional adaptive torsion damping device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the energy dissipation rod structure of the energy dissipation rod and the rotating arm assembly of a multi-directional adaptive torsion damper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the rotating arm assembly structure of the energy dissipation rod and the rotating arm assembly of a multi-directional adaptive torsion damper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the guide rail assembly structure of the energy dissipation rod and the rotating arm assembly of a multi-directional adaptive torsion damper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structural connection between the guide rail assemblies of the guide rail assembly of the energy dissipation rod and the rotating arm assembly of a multi-directional adaptive torsion damper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9 Schematic flow chart of the usage method of a multi-directional adaptive torsion damper according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] In all the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same technical features, specifically: 1 - support frame, 11 - fixed cylinder, 12 - connecting upper plate, 13 - connecting lower plate, 2 - energy dissipation rod, 21 - limit head, 22 - force transmission rod, 23 - rotating head, 3 - rotating arm assembly, 31 - rotating arm, 32 - rotating shaft, 33 - slider, 4 - guide rail assembly, 41 - top plate, 42 - guide plate, 43 - stainless steel plate, 44 - wear-resistant plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] As Figures 1-8As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-directional adaptive torsion damper, which includes a support frame 1, a swing arm assembly 3 provided on the support frame 1, and a guide rail assembly 4 provided on the swing arm assembly 3. The support frame 1 is fixed to the bridge pier at its bottom end. The support frame 1 and the swing arm assembly 3 are connected by an energy dissipation rod 2, and the guide rail assembly 4 is rotatably connected to the swing arm assembly 3 and slides while rotating around the swing arm assembly 3. The bottom of the bridge is fixed to the guide rail assembly 4. When the bridge moves horizontally under an external load, it drives the guide rail assembly 4 to move in the horizontal plane. The horizontal movement is converted into a torsional movement through the swing arm assembly 3, and the torsional force is transmitted to the energy dissipation rod 2. At this time, the torsional deformation of the energy dissipation rod 2 is small and within the elastic deformation range, and it does not absorb seismic energy. When an earthquake occurs, the upper bridge drives the guide rail assembly 4 to move in the horizontal plane. The horizontal movement is converted into a torsional movement through the swing arm assembly 3, and the torsional force is transmitted to the energy dissipation rod 2. At this time, the torsional deformation of the energy dissipation rod 2 is large and within the plastic deformation range, and it absorbs seismic energy during hysteresis. By converting all the movements in the horizontal plane into the torsional movement of the energy dissipation rod 2, the damping ratio of the entire system is improved, and a good shock absorption effect is achieved.

[0050] The support frame 1 includes a fixed cylinder 11, a connecting upper plate 12 provided at the top end of the fixed cylinder 11, and a connecting lower plate 13 provided at the bottom end of the fixed cylinder 11. Among them, the fixed cylinder 11 is a cylindrical structure, and the connecting upper plate 12 and the connecting lower plate 13 are respectively provided at the top end and the bottom end of the fixed cylinder 11 and are fixed to the top surface of the bridge pier through an anchoring structure. The anchoring structure is preferably a bolt or an anchor bolt. The connecting upper plate 12 is a circular plate, which is fixed to the top end of the fixed cylinder 11. The diameter of the connecting upper plate 12 is larger than the diameter of the fixed cylinder 11 and is concentric with the fixed cylinder 11. A plurality of circular through holes are provided along the circumference at the edge of the connecting upper plate 12, and the plurality of circular through holes are directly equidistantly arranged. The connecting lower plate 13 is a circular plate, which is fixed to the bottom end of the fixed cylinder 11. The diameter of the connecting lower plate 13 is larger than the diameter of the fixed cylinder 11 and is concentric with the fixed cylinder 11. A plurality of first connecting holes are provided along the circumference at the edge of the connecting lower plate 13. The first connecting holes are special-shaped holes, and their shapes are not limited as long as they are not circular. Preferably, they are waist-shaped holes.

[0051] The energy dissipation rod 2 is preferably a metal energy dissipation rod, which is made of steel with strong and stable hysteretic deformation ability after yielding, specifically characterized by good plasticity and low yield point, preferably steel of types 316, Q235 or Q355. The energy dissipation rod 2 includes a limit head 21 at the bottom end and a rotating head 23 at the top end, and the limit head 21 and the rotating head 23 are connected by a force transmission rod 22. The front-end cross-section of the limit head 21 has the same shape as the first connection hole of the connecting lower plate 13, and the rear-end cross-section of the limit head 21 is larger than the front-end cross-section to form a limit section, and the cross-section of this limit section is preferably circular. The limit head 21 is inserted into the first connection hole of the connecting lower plate 13 and is axially limited by the limit section. The rear-end cross-section of the rotating head 23 is circular to form a cylindrical section, and the front-end cross-section is irregular to form a connecting section, and the cross-section shape of the connecting section is not limited as long as it is not circular. The rotating head 23 is arranged in the circular through-hole of the connecting upper plate 12, and the connecting section passes through this circular through-hole.

[0052] The swing arm assembly 3 includes a swing arm 31, a rotating shaft 32 arranged on the swing arm 31, and a slider 33 arranged on the rotating shaft 32. Among them, one end of the swing arm 31 is provided with a second connection hole, and the shape of this second connection hole is the same as the cross-section shape of the connecting section of the rotating head 23, and it is sleeved on the connecting section to form a connection. The other end of the swing arm 31 extends outwards, and the slider 33 is arranged on the extended section of the swing arm 31, and the two are connected by the rotating shaft 32, and the slider 33 rotates on the swing arm 31 around the rotating shaft 32.

[0053] The guide rail assembly 4 includes a top plate 41 and a guide plate 42 arranged on the bottom surface of the top plate 41. Among them, the number of the guide plates 42 is the same as that of the energy dissipation rods 2 and the swing arm assemblies 3. Each guide plate 42 includes side plates used in pairs, and the two side plates are arranged in parallel. The length extension direction of the guide plate 42 all passes through the central axis of the support frame 1, and the angles between the multiple guide plates 42 are the same. The slider 33 is arranged between the two side plates of the guide plate 42 and slides in the guide plate 42. The multiple guide plates 42 are all fixed on the bottom surface of the top plate 41. When the top plate 41 moves, it drives the guide plate 42 to move in a plane, so that the slider 33 rotates to adjust the moving direction of the guide plate 42, and the connection between the top plate 41 and the swing arm assembly 3 is maintained through this guide plate 42. Stainless steel plates 43 are arranged on several surfaces of the guide plate 42 in contact with the slider 33, and wear-resistant plates 44 are arranged on several surfaces of the slider 33 in contact with the guide plate 42. A sliding friction pair is formed between the stainless steel plate 43 and the wear-resistant plate 44 to reduce the sliding friction force between the slider 33 and the guide plate 42.

[0054] When the bridge generates temperature displacement or is displaced by external forces, the top plate 41 moves along with it and simultaneously pushes the guide plate 42 to move. Since the central positions of the top plate 41 and the fixed cylinder 11 are offset, the relative positions of the guide plate 42 and the force transmission rod 22 change. At this time, the slider 33 rotates to adjust to the same direction as the guide plate 42, so that the guide plate 42 can slide along the length direction of the slider 33. When the slider 33 rotates, the guide plate 42 exerts a force on the rotating arm 31, causing the rotating arm 31 to rotate slightly, so as to transmit the force to the energy dissipation rod 2. When the energy dissipation rod 2 is stressed, the force transmission rod 22 undergoes torsional deformation, realizing the conversion of the horizontal movement of the guide plate 42 and the rotating arm assembly 3 into torsional movement.

[0055] It can be understood that in this solution, according to the specifications and seismic resistance of the bridge, the elastic torsional limit of the energy dissipation rod 2 is designed so that it generates elastic torsion under normal displacement conditions and recovers after the displacement disappears, so that the displacement of the bridge during normal service will not cause damage to it. When encountering large displacements caused by earthquakes, the torsion of the energy dissipation rod 2 exceeds its torsional elastic limit and undergoes plastic deformation to absorb the energy generated by the earthquake, thus achieving a shock absorption effect.

[0056] Embodiment 2

[0057] As Figure 9 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-directional adaptive torsion type isolation method, which includes the following steps under normal displacement:

[0058] S100. When generating normal temperature displacement or being displaced by external forces, the bridge drives the top plate 41 to move;

[0059] S200. The top plate 41 pushes the guide plate 42 to move, and the slider 33 automatically turns to the same direction as the guide plate 42. At the same time, the guide plate 42 slides along the slider 33 to generate a displacement in the direction of the guide plate 42;

[0060] S300. The displacement perpendicular to the guide plate 42 does work on the energy dissipation rod 2 through the rotating arm 31, causing the energy dissipation rod 2 to generate elastic torsion to convert this part of the displacement into the torsional movement of the energy dissipation rod 2;

[0061] S400. Under temperature displacement or external force, the energy dissipation rod 2 reciprocates torsionally under its elastic action to achieve the adaptability to the displacement generated by the bridge daily.

[0062] In step S200, a sliding friction pair composed of a stainless steel plate 43 and a wear-resistant plate 44 is provided between the contact surfaces of the slider 33 and the guide plate 42 to reduce the friction between the two.

[0063] In step S300, since the temperature displacement or the displacement caused by external forces generated by the bridge is within the design range, that is, such displacements are all normal displacements. At this time, the energy dissipation rod 2 only generates a small torsion under its action to offset the force generated by the displacement. This degree of torsion is within the elastic range of the energy dissipation rod 2. After the displacement disappears, it automatically returns to its original state, only realizing the function of temporary energy storage without absorbing seismic energy.

[0064] Under seismic displacement, the following steps are included:

[0065] S500: When a large displacement is generated due to an earthquake, the bridge drives the top plate 41 to move;

[0066] S600: The top plate 41 pushes the guide plate 42 to move, and the slider 33 automatically turns to the same direction as the guide plate 42. At the same time, the guide plate 42 slides along the slider 33 to generate a displacement in the direction of the guide plate 42;

[0067] S700: The displacement perpendicular to the direction of the guide plate 42 does work on the energy dissipation rod 2 through the swing arm 31, causing the energy dissipation rod 2 to generate plastic torsion to convert this part of the displacement into the torsional motion of the energy dissipation rod 2;

[0068] S800: During a major earthquake (rare earthquake), the energy dissipation rod 2 enters the plastic state and absorbs seismic energy during hysteresis. It greatly improves the damping ratio of the entire system and has a good shock absorption effect.

[0069] In step S700, since the displacement generated by the bridge due to the earthquake is outside the design range, that is, such displacements are all abnormal displacements. At this time, the energy dissipation rod 2 only generates a large torsion under its action to offset the force generated by the displacement. This degree of torsion exceeds the elastic torsion limit of the energy dissipation rod 2. After the displacement disappears, it will not return to its original state to effectively absorb seismic energy and has a good shock absorption effect.

[0070] In step S700, after the large displacement generated by a major earthquake (rare earthquake) disappears, due to the plastic torsion of the energy dissipation rod 2, it is replaced according to its low-cycle fatigue condition, and the replacement is convenient.

[0071] In step S800, during a minor earthquake (frequent earthquake), the energy dissipation rod 2 is within the elastic range and does not absorb seismic energy. Its stiffness is lower than that of traditional bridge bearings, so the natural vibration period of the bridge can be extended, and a good vibration isolation effect can be achieved.

[0072] Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-directional adaptive torsion damper, characterized in that: It comprises a supporting frame (1), a rotating arm assembly (3) and a guide rail assembly (4); The support frame (1) comprises a fixed cylinder (11), a connecting upper plate (12) arranged at the top end of the fixed cylinder (11), and a connecting lower plate (13) arranged at the bottom end of the fixed cylinder (11); The rotating arm assembly (3) is arranged on the supporting frame (1), and is connected to the supporting frame (1) via an energy dissipation rod (2), and comprises a rotating arm (31), a rotating shaft (32) arranged on the rotating arm (31), and a sliding block (33) arranged on the rotating shaft (32); The rotating arm assembly (3) is connected to the supporting frame (1) via an energy dissipation rod (2); the bottom periphery of the energy dissipation rod (2) is limited to the connection lower plate (13), and the top is rotatably connected to the connection upper plate (12); The guide rail assembly (5) is rotatably connected to the rotating arm assembly (3), and slides while rotating around the rotating arm assembly (3), and comprises a guide plate (42) arranged on the top plate (41) and the bottom surface of the top plate (41); One end of the rotating arm (31) is connected to the energy dissipation rod (2), the slider (33) is rotatably connected to the other end of the rotating arm (31) via a rotating shaft (32), and the guide plate (42) of the slider (33) is slidably connected.

2. A multi-directional adaptive torsional damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed cylinder (11) is a cylindrical structure, and the connecting upper plate (12) and the connecting lower plate (13) are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the fixed cylinder (11).

3. A multi-directional adaptive torsional damper according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting upper plate (12) is a circular plate, which is fixed to the top end of the fixed cylinder (11). The diameter of the connecting upper plate (12) is greater than the diameter of the fixed cylinder (11), and the connecting upper plate (12) is concentrically arranged with the fixed cylinder (11).

4. The multi-directional adaptive torsional damper according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting lower plate (13) is a circular plate, which is fixed to the bottom end of the fixed cylinder (11); the diameter of the connecting lower plate (13) is larger than the diameter of the fixed cylinder (11), and the connecting lower plate (13) is concentrically arranged with the fixed cylinder (11); The edge of the connecting lower plate (13) is provided with a plurality of first connecting holes along the circumferential direction, and the first connecting holes are special-shaped holes.

5. A multi-directional adaptive torsional damper according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The energy dissipation rod (2) comprises a limiting head (21) at the bottom end and a rotating head (23) at the top end; The front end cross section of the limiting head (21) is the same shape as the first connection hole connected to the lower plate (13), and the rear end cross section of the limiting head (21) is larger than the front end cross section to form a limiting section. The limiting head (21) is inserted into the first connection hole connected to the lower plate (13) and is axially limited by the limiting section. The rear end section of the rotating head (23) is circular to form a cylindrical section, and the front end section is irregular to form a connecting section; The rotating head (23) is arranged in a circular through hole connected to the upper plate (12), and the connecting section passes through the circular through hole.

6. A multi-directional adaptive torsional damper according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A second connecting hole is provided at one end of the rotating arm (31), the shape of the second connecting hole being the same as the cross-sectional shape of the connecting section of the rotating head (23), and being sleeved on the connecting section to form a connection; The other end of the rotating arm (31) extends outwards, and the slider (33) is arranged on the extended section of the rotating arm (31). The two are connected via a rotating shaft (32), and the slider (33) rotates on the rotating arm (31) around the rotating shaft (32).

7. The multi-directional adaptive torsional damper according to claim 6, characterized in that: The slider (33) is arranged between two side plates of the guide plate (42) and slides in the guide plate (42). The plurality of guide plates (42) are fixed to the bottom surface of the top plate (41). When the top plate (41) moves, it drives the guide plate (42) to move in a plane, so that the slider (33) rotates to adjust the moving direction of the guide plate (42). The connection between the top plate (41) and the rotating arm assembly (3) is maintained through the guide plate (42); Stainless steel plates (43) are provided on several surfaces of the guide plate (42) that are in contact with the slider (33), and wear-resistant plates (44) are provided on several surfaces of the slider (33) that are in contact with the guide plate (42). A sliding friction pair is formed between the stainless steel plate (43) and the wear-resistant plate (44) to reduce the sliding friction between the slider (33) and the guide plate (42).

8. A method for using the multi-directional adaptive torsional damper according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100, when normal temperature displacement or displacement due to external force occurs, the bridge drives the top plate (41) to move; S200, the top plate (41) pushes the guide plate (42) to move, and the slider (33) automatically turns to the same direction as the guide plate (42), and at the same time, the guide plate (42) slides along the slider (33) to generate displacement in the direction of the guide plate (42); S300, the displacement in a direction perpendicular to the guide plate (42) performs work on the energy dissipation rod (2) through the rotating arm (31), causing the energy dissipation rod (2) to generate elastic torsion, so as to convert the displacement into torsional motion of the energy dissipation rod (2); S400, under the action of temperature displacement or external force, the energy dissipation rod (2) reciprocates and twists under the action of its elasticity, so as to achieve self-adaptation to the daily displacement of the bridge; S500, when a large displacement occurs due to an earthquake, the bridge drives the top plate (41) to move; S600, the top plate (41) pushes the guide plate (42) to move, and the slider (33) automatically turns to the same direction as the guide plate (42), and at the same time, the guide plate (42) slides along the slider (33) to generate displacement in the direction of the guide plate (42); S700, the displacement in a direction perpendicular to the guide plate (42) performs work on the energy dissipation rod (2) through the rotating arm (31), causing the energy dissipation rod (2) to generate plastic torsion, thereby converting the displacement into torsional motion of the energy dissipation rod (2); During a large earthquake, the energy dissipation rod (2) enters plasticity and absorbs earthquake energy in hysteresis, which greatly improves the damping ratio of the entire system and achieves a good shock absorption effect.

9. The method for using a multi-directional adaptive torsional damper according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S700, after the large displacement caused by the large earthquake disappears, the energy dissipation rod (2) undergoes plastic torsion and is replaced according to its low-cycle fatigue condition.

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