Detachable starfish antenna type cavity compensation connecting device and using method

Abstract

The detachable starfish antenna type cavity compensation connecting device comprises a first supporting frame and a second supporting frame, the first supporting frame can slide relative to the second supporting frame, and an adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the distance between the first supporting frame and the second supporting frame is further arranged between the first supporting frame and the second supporting frame. The end faces of the first supporting frame and the second supporting frame are each provided with a plurality of antenna compensation rods used for making contact with the bottom of a surrounding rock cavity in a hinged mode. The method has the advantages that the method can quickly adapt to different cavity shapes and sizes, and efficient and accurate cavity compensation is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of construction engineering, and particularly relates to a detachable starfish antenna type cavity compensation connection device and a usage method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of tunnel projects in mountainous areas, due to the complexity of geological conditions and the uncertainty during the excavation process, the tunnel excavation cross-section is often irregular, which in turn leads to the formation of potential cavities behind the lining. These cavities not only affect the structural stability of the tunnel but may also cause stress concentration in the surrounding rock, increasing potential safety hazards during the operation of the tunnel. Therefore, quickly and accurately identifying and compensating these cavities has become a key technical issue in tunnel construction and subsequent maintenance.

[0003] Traditional cavity compensation devices mostly have fixed sizes and shapes and cannot adapt to the requirements of cavities of different sizes and positions. Such devices usually need to be prefabricated according to the designed cross-section before construction and are difficult to be flexibly adjusted according to the actual excavation cross-section and cavity conditions. In addition, traditional devices are mostly for single use and cannot be disassembled or reused, resulting in material waste and increased construction costs. In the case of an irregular tunnel excavation cross-section, fixed compensation devices often cannot accurately match the actual shape and size of the cavity, resulting in unsatisfactory compensation effects and even potentially causing new structural problems.

[0004] In addition, with the development of three-dimensional scanning technology, the rapid imaging and modeling technology of tunnel excavation cross-sections based on three-dimensional scanning provides a new solution for cavity identification. Through three-dimensional scanning, the actual shape and size of the tunnel excavation cross-section can be quickly obtained. By fitting and comparing with the designed cross-section and using data difference operations, the position, size, and volume of potential cavities behind the lining can be accurately determined. However, the existing compensation device technology clearly fails to fully utilize this technical advantage and still relies on fixed designs, unable to achieve efficient and precise cavity compensation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a detachable starfish antenna type cavity compensation connection device, which can quickly adapt to different cavity shapes and sizes and achieve efficient and precise cavity compensation.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A detachable starfish antenna type cavity compensation connection device, including a first support frame and a second support frame, the first support frame can slide relative to the second support frame, and an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the distance between the two is further provided between the first support frame and the second support frame. A plurality of antenna compensation rods for contacting the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity are respectively hinged on the end faces of the first support frame and the second support frame.

[0007] Preferably, the first support frame includes a first support plate and a first surrounding plate. The first surrounding plate is vertically fixed on the first support plate, and a first notch is formed on the first surrounding plate. The second support frame includes a second support plate and a second surrounding plate. The second surrounding plate is vertically fixed on the second support plate, and a second notch is formed on the second surrounding plate. A plurality of first locking mechanisms for locking the positions between the two are arranged between the first surrounding plate and the second surrounding plate. The first notch and the second notch are arranged in alignment to form a placing and taking opening communicating with the external space.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of first strip-shaped grooves are formed on the first surrounding plate, and a plurality of second strip-shaped grooves are formed on the second surrounding plate. The first strip-shaped grooves and the second strip-shaped grooves are arranged in parallel along the sliding direction. The first locking mechanism includes a first locking bolt and a first locking nut. The first locking bolt is connected through between the first strip-shaped groove and the corresponding second strip-shaped groove, and the first locking nut is screwed on the first locking bolt.

[0009] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes a jack and a plurality of screw anchors. The bottom of the jack is connected to the central position of the second support frame, and the movable end of the jack acts on the first support frame. The plurality of screw anchors are evenly distributed around the jack, and the movable end of each screw anchor also acts on the first support frame.

[0010] Preferably, the antenna compensation rod includes a first rod body, a second rod body, a first fine-tuning anchor head and a second fine-tuning anchor head. A ball hinge member is fixed at the bottom of the first fine-tuning anchor head and is used for connecting to the end face of the first support frame or the second support frame. The first rod body is connected to the first fine-tuning anchor head. The second rod body is telescopically connected to the first rod body, and a second locking mechanism is arranged between the first rod body and the second rod body. The second fine-tuning anchor head is fixed at the end of the second rod body and is used for contacting with the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity.

[0011] Preferably, the first rod body and the second rod body are respectively arranged to penetrate vertically up and down, and a plurality of waist-shaped grooves are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction on the side wall of the second rod body. A plurality of positioning holes are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction on the side wall of the first rod body. The second locking mechanism includes a second locking bolt and a second locking nut. The second locking bolt is connected through between the waist-shaped groove and the corresponding positioning hole, and the second locking nut is screwed on the second locking bolt.

[0012] Preferably, a first threaded shaft is fixed to one end of the first fine-tuning anchoring head. The first threaded shaft extends into the first rod body and is in threaded cooperation with the first rod body. First handles are also fixed to both sides of the first fine-tuning anchoring head. A second threaded shaft is fixed to one end of the second fine-tuning anchoring head. The second threaded shaft extends into the second rod body and is in threaded cooperation with the second rod body. Second handles are also fixed to both sides of the second fine-tuning anchoring head.

[0013] Preferably, a pressure feedback device is embedded at the end of the second fine-tuning anchoring head. The pressure feedback device includes a pressure sensor and a signal transmitting module. The pressure sensor is arranged on the contact surface between the second fine-tuning anchoring head and the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity. The signal transmitting module is fixed on the side wall of the second fine-tuning anchoring head and is electrically connected to the pressure sensor. The signal transmitting module is connected to an external monitoring device through a wireless communication method, and is used to transmit the contact pressure between the antenna compensation rod and the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity to the external monitoring device in real time for data collection and analysis.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide a usage method of a detachable starfish antenna type cavity compensation connection device, including the following steps: (1) Obtain three-dimensional data of the tunnel excavation section through three-dimensional scanning, and establish a three-dimensional model of the tunnel excavation section; (2) Perform grid division on the tunnel section according to the three-dimensional model, and combine difference analysis to determine the potential cavity positions, sizes and volumes behind the lining in each grid area; (3) Establish an antenna force prediction model based on the grid data of the cavity distribution, and calculate the optimal device installation position and the extension direction of the antenna compensation rod; (4) Place the cavity compensation connection device at the installation position according to the calculation results of the prediction model; (5) Start the adjustment mechanism to make the distance between the first support frame and the second support frame match the theoretical distance calculated by the prediction model; (6) Adjust multiple antenna compensation rods hinged on the end faces of the first support frame and the second support frame step by step in groups according to the preset force distribution law, and sequentially make them contact with the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity to achieve the balanced transfer of cavity stress.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: This device can effectively solve the problem that traditional cavity compensation devices cannot adapt to the irregular shape of the tunnel excavation section and the changes in the position and size of the cavity. Its working principle is based on the relative sliding of the first support frame and the second support frame, and the distance between the two is flexibly adjusted through the adjustment mechanism, so as to adapt to cavities of different sizes and shapes. This design with adjustable distance enables the device to be precisely adjusted according to the actual situation on site, ensuring that the antenna compensation rod at the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity can make perfect contact and fill the cavity; the number and layout of the antenna compensation rods can achieve full contact with the cavity through the hinged method on the end face of the device, making the compensation effect more uniform and reliable. Compared with traditional fixed compensation devices, this device can not only adapt to complex and variable tunnel excavation sections, but also be disassembled and reused, greatly reducing material waste and construction costs, and improving construction efficiency and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram when the first support frame and the second support frame in the present invention are combined; Figure 3 In the present invention Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram in a disassembled state; Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram when the antenna compensation rod and the ball hinge in the present invention are combined; Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna compensation rod in the present invention; Figure 6 In the present invention Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram in a disassembled state; Figure 7 is a principle block diagram of the circuit part of the pressure feedback device in the present invention; In the figure, 1 is the first support frame; 2 is the second support frame; 3 is the adjusting mechanism; 4 is the antenna compensation rod; 5 is the first support plate; 6 is the first enclosing plate; 7 is the first notch; 8 is the second support plate; 9 is the second enclosing plate; 10 is the second notch; 11 is the first locking mechanism; 12 is the first strip-shaped groove; 13 is the second strip-shaped groove; 14 is the first locking bolt; 15 is the first locking nut; 16 is the jack; 17 is the screw anchor; 18 is the first rod body; 19 is the second rod body; 20 is the first fine-tuning anchor head; 21 is the second fine-tuning anchor head; 22 is the ball hinge; 23 is the second locking mechanism; 24 is the kidney-shaped groove; 25 is the positioning hole; 26 is the second locking bolt; 27 is the second locking nut; 28 is the first threaded shaft; 29 is the first handle; 30 is the second threaded shaft; 31 is the second handle; 32 is the pressure feedback device; 33 is the pressure sensor; 34 is the signal transmitting module. Specific implementation mode

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0019] Embodiment 1: As Figures 1-7 shown, a detachable starfish antenna type cavity compensation connection device includes a first support frame 1 and a second support frame 2. The first support frame 1 can slide relative to the second support frame 2. An adjusting mechanism 3 for adjusting the distance between the two is also provided between the first support frame 1 and the second support frame 2. A plurality of antenna compensation rods 4 for contacting the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity are hingedly arranged on the end faces of the first support frame 1 and the second support frame 2 respectively.

[0020] In this embodiment, the first support frame 1 includes a first support plate 5 and a first enclosing plate 6. The first enclosing plate 6 is vertically fixed on the first support plate 5, and a first notch 7 is formed on the first enclosing plate 6. The second support frame 2 includes a second support plate 8 and a second enclosing plate 9. The second enclosing plate 9 is vertically fixed on the second support plate 8, and a second notch 10 is formed on the second enclosing plate 9. A plurality of first locking mechanisms 11 for locking the positions between the two are arranged between the first enclosing plate 6 and the second enclosing plate 9. The first notch 7 and the second notch 10 are aligned to form a placement opening communicating with the external space.

[0021] In the above structure, the first support frame 1 includes a first support plate 5 and a first enclosing plate 6. The first enclosing plate 6 is perpendicularly fixed to the first support plate 5, and a first notch 7 is formed thereon. The second support frame 2 is also composed of a second support plate 8 and a second enclosing plate 9. A second notch 10 is formed on the second enclosing plate 9, and these two notches are aligned to form a pick-and-place opening communicating with the external space. The setting of this pick-and-place opening enables the device to be conveniently disassembled and assembled, enhancing the dismountability and reusability of the device.

[0022] A plurality of first locking mechanisms 11 between the first enclosing plate 6 and the second enclosing plate 9 effectively lock the positions between the two, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the device during operation. This locking mechanism enables the first support frame 1 and the second support frame 2 to maintain precise alignment during adjustment and operation, thus ensuring the effectiveness of the compensation device. Through this design, when the device faces changes in the cross-section during tunnel excavation, it can be adjusted more stably and precisely, further improving the compensation effect and avoiding instability or structural problems caused by component loosening or misalignment.

[0023] In this embodiment, a plurality of first strip-shaped grooves 12 are provided on the first enclosing plate 6, and a plurality of second strip-shaped grooves 13 are provided on the second enclosing plate 9. The first strip-shaped grooves 12 and the second strip-shaped grooves 13 are arranged parallel to the sliding direction. The first locking mechanism 11 includes a first locking bolt 14 and a first locking nut 15. The first locking bolt 14 is connected through between the first strip-shaped groove 12 and the corresponding second strip-shaped groove 13, and the first locking nut 15 is screwed on the first locking bolt 14.

[0024] The above structure further enhances the adjustability and stability of the device by providing a plurality of first strip-shaped grooves 12 on the first enclosing plate 6 and a plurality of second strip-shaped grooves 13 on the second enclosing plate 9. The plurality of first strip-shaped grooves 12 on the first enclosing plate 6 and the plurality of second strip-shaped grooves 13 on the second enclosing plate 9 are arranged parallel to the sliding direction, enabling the first support frame 1 and the second support frame 2 to smoothly slide relative to each other when needed, thereby adjusting the distance between the two to adapt to the sizes and positions of different cavities. This strip-shaped groove design provides a more precise and flexible adjustment space, capable of precisely controlling the relative positions of the two support frames.

[0025] The first locking mechanism 11 ensures that the relative position between the two support frames can be stably fixed once set during the adjustment process through the cooperation of the first locking bolt 14 and the first locking nut 15. Specifically, the first locking bolt 14 is connected through the first strip-shaped groove 12 and the corresponding second strip-shaped groove 13, enabling the sliding position between the two support frames to be effectively locked. The first locking nut 15 fastens the locking bolt through screwing, ensuring the firmness and durability of the locking. This design not only makes the device have strong stability during operation but also allows for quick position adjustment as needed for precise cavity compensation, and ensures its stable operation after adjustment, avoiding position deviation or loosening due to vibration or external forces.

[0026] In this embodiment, the adjusting mechanism 3 includes a jack 16 and a plurality of screw anchors 17. The bottom of the jack 16 is connected to the central position of the second support frame 2, and the movable end of the jack 16 acts on the first support frame 1. The plurality of screw anchors 17 are evenly distributed around the jack 16, and the movable end of each screw anchor 17 also acts on the first support frame 1.

[0027] Through the coordinated work of the jack 16 and the screw anchors 17, the adjusting mechanism 3 not only provides a high-precision adjusting function but also enhances the stability and reliability of the system, ensuring that the cavity compensation device can achieve precise and reliable cavity compensation in a complex tunnel environment. Specifically, the bottom of the jack 16 is fixed to the central position of the second support frame 2, and its movable end acts on the first support frame 1. When the distance between the support frames needs to be adjusted, the jack 16 pushes the first support frame 1 to move through its vertical thrust, thereby realizing the adjustment of the distance between the two support frames to adapt to the size requirements of different cavities.

[0028] The plurality of screw anchors 17 are evenly distributed around the jack 16. The screw anchors 17 adopt screw jacks, and the movable end of each screw anchor 17 also acts on the first support frame 1. This design enables the screw anchors 17 to apply pressure evenly during the adjustment process, ensuring the balance and stability of the first support frame 1. Through rotation adjustment, the screw anchors 17 can provide additional support force or locking force under the action of the jack 16, ensuring that the first support frame 1 can be firmly fixed after being adjusted to the appropriate position and preventing position deviation or instability due to external forces or vibrations.

[0029] When needed, the user can take out these screw anchors 17 through the access opening for reuse next time. If the jack 16 needs to be adjusted or replaced under special circumstances, the access opening can also provide a convenient way to take it out, making the maintenance and adjustment of the entire device more convenient and fast.

[0030] In this embodiment, the antenna compensation rod 4 includes a first rod body 18, a second rod body 19, a first fine-tuning anchoring head 20 and a second fine-tuning anchoring head 21. A ball hinge member 22 is fixed to the bottom of the first fine-tuning anchoring head 20. The ball hinge member 22 is used to connect to the end face of the first support frame 1 or the second support frame 2. The first rod body 18 is connected to the first fine-tuning anchoring head 20. The second rod body 19 is telescopically connected to the first rod body 18, and a second locking mechanism 23 is provided between the first rod body 18 and the second rod body 19. The second fine-tuning anchoring head 21 is fixed to the end of the second rod body 19 and is used to contact the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity.

[0031] The design of the antenna compensation rod 4 realizes the precise compensation for the cavity behind the tunnel lining through the combination of the first rod body 18, the second rod body 19, the first fine-tuning anchoring head 20 and the second fine-tuning anchoring head 21, adapts to the irregularity of the tunnel excavation section, and ensures the stability and reliability of the compensation effect. Specifically, a ball hinge member 22 is fixed to the bottom of the first fine-tuning anchoring head 20. The ball hinge member 22 is used to connect to the end face of the first support frame 1 or the second support frame 2. This ball hinge connection method allows the antenna compensation rod 4 to have a certain degree of freedom in space, can adapt to the irregularity of the tunnel excavation section, and ensures that the compensation rod always maintains good contact with the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity.

[0032] The first rod body 18 is connected to the first fine-tuning anchoring head 20. The second rod body 19 is telescopically connected to the first rod body 18, and a second locking mechanism 23 is provided between the first rod body 18 and the second rod body 19. This telescopic design enables the antenna compensation rod 4 to adjust its length according to actual needs to adapt to cavities of different sizes and shapes. The setting of the second locking mechanism 23 ensures that after adjustment, the compensation rod can be firmly fixed to prevent position deviation caused by external forces or vibrations.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first rod body 18 and the second rod body 19 are respectively arranged vertically through. A plurality of waist-shaped grooves 24 are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction on the side wall of the second rod body 19. A plurality of positioning holes 25 are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction on the side wall of the first rod body 18. The second locking mechanism 23 includes a second locking bolt 26 and a second locking nut 27. The second locking bolt 26 is connected through between the waist-shaped groove 24 and the corresponding positioning hole 25. The second locking nut 27 is screwed on the second locking bolt 26.

[0034] The design of the antenna compensation rod 4 realizes the precise adjustment and fixation of the length of the compensation rod through the vertical through arrangement of the first rod body 18 and the second rod body 19, the plurality of waist-shaped grooves 24 equidistantly arranged along the axial direction on the side wall of the second rod body 19 and the plurality of positioning holes 25 equidistantly arranged along the axial direction on the side wall of the first rod body 18, in cooperation with the use of the second locking mechanism 23. After adjustment, it can be firmly fixed to prevent position deviation and ensure the stability and reliability of the compensation effect.

[0035] Specifically, the first rod body 18 and the second rod body 19 are arranged to penetrate vertically, enabling the second rod body 19 to freely expand and contract within the first rod body 18 to adjust the length of the compensation rod to adapt to voids of different sizes and shapes. A plurality of waist-shaped slots 24 on the side wall of the second rod body 19 and a plurality of positioning holes 25 on the side wall of the first rod body 18 are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction, providing multiple adjustment positions. The second locking mechanism 23 includes a second locking bolt 26 and a second locking nut 27. The second locking bolt 26 is connected through and between the waist-shaped slot 24 and the corresponding positioning hole 25, and the second locking nut 27 is screwed onto the second locking bolt 26.

[0036] When the length of the compensation rod needs to be adjusted, the operator can loosen the second locking nut 27, move the second rod body 19 to the desired position, and then fix the second locking bolt 26 between the waist-shaped slot 24 and the positioning hole 25 by tightening the second locking nut 27 to ensure that the compensation rod is firmly fixed after adjustment and prevent position deviation caused by external force or vibration.

[0037] In this embodiment, a first threaded shaft 28 is fixed at one end of the first fine-tuning anchoring head 20. The first threaded shaft 28 extends into the first rod body 18 and is in threaded cooperation with the first rod body 18. First handles 29 are also fixed on both sides of the first fine-tuning anchoring head 20. A second threaded shaft 30 is fixed at one end of the second fine-tuning anchoring head 21. The second threaded shaft 30 extends into the second rod body 19 and is in threaded cooperation with the second rod body 19. Second handles 31 are also fixed on both sides of the second fine-tuning anchoring head 21.

[0038] The design of the antenna compensation rod 4 realizes precise adjustment of the length of the antenna compensation rod 4 by respectively fixing the first threaded shaft 28 and the second threaded shaft 30 on the first fine-tuning anchoring head 20 and the second fine-tuning anchoring head 21 and making them in threaded cooperation with the first rod body 18 and the second rod body 19, ensuring that the antenna compensation rod 4 can adapt to complex tunnel excavation cross-sections, be firmly fixed after adjustment, prevent position deviation, and ensure the stability and reliability of the compensation effect.

[0039] Specifically, the first threaded shaft 28 extends into the first rod body 18 and is in threaded cooperation with it, and the second threaded shaft 30 extends into the second rod body 19 and is in threaded cooperation with it. By rotating the first fine-tuning anchoring head 20 or the second fine-tuning anchoring head 21, the corresponding threaded shaft is driven to rotate, thereby causing the first rod body 18 or the second rod body 19 to move axially to precisely adjust the length of the compensation rod. First handles 29 and second handles 31 are respectively fixed on both sides of the first fine-tuning anchoring head 20 and the second fine-tuning anchoring head 21, facilitating the operator to make adjustments. By rotating these handles, the operator can easily adjust the length of the antenna compensation rod 4 to meet the requirements of different void sizes and shapes.

[0040] In this embodiment, a pressure feedback device 32 is embedded in the second fine-tuning anchor head 21. The pressure feedback device 32 includes a pressure sensor 33 and a signal transmitting module 34. The pressure sensor 33 is arranged on the contact surface between the second fine-tuning anchor head 21 and the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity. The signal transmitting module 34 is fixed on the side wall of the second fine-tuning anchor head 21 and is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 33. The signal transmitting module 34 is connected to an external monitoring device through wireless communication, and is used to transmit the contact pressure between the antenna compensation rod 4 and the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity to the external monitoring device in real time for data collection and analysis.

[0041] When the second fine-tuning anchor head 21 at the end of the antenna compensation rod 4 contacts the bottom surface of the surrounding rock cavity, the pressure sensor 33 is directly embedded in the contact surface, and converts the contact pressure into an electrical signal through piezoresistive detection technology (for example, the range is 0-10 MPa, and the accuracy is ±0.5% FS), and the stress state of the anchor point is sensed in real time. The signal transmitting module 34 (such as using LoRa wireless communication protocol) is integrated on the side wall of the anchor head, and is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 33 through a waterproof shielded cable, and encrypts and transmits the pressure data to an external monitoring terminal (such as a handheld PAD or an industrial control computer). The monitoring terminal judges whether the pressure is within the preset safe range (such as 2-5 MPa) through built-in algorithms (such as threshold comparison and trend analysis). If the limit is exceeded, an alarm is triggered and automatically feedback to the hydraulic drive system to dynamically adjust the telescopic amount of the antenna to balance the pressure distribution.

[0042] In addition, the data measured by the pressure sensor 33 can also be transmitted to the external monitoring device by means of wired connection.

[0043] Embodiment 2: A method for using a detachable starfish antenna type cavity compensation connection device, which adopts the detachable starfish antenna type cavity compensation connection device in Embodiment 1, and includes the following steps. (1) Obtain the three-dimensional data of the tunnel excavation section through three-dimensional scanning, and establish a three-dimensional model of the tunnel excavation section. (2) Perform grid division on the tunnel section according to the three-dimensional model, and combine difference analysis to determine the potential cavity positions, sizes and volumes behind the lining in each grid area. (3) Establish an antenna force prediction model based on the grid data of the cavity distribution, and calculate the optimal device installation position and the extension direction of the antenna compensation rod. (4) Place the cavity compensation connection device at the installation position according to the calculation result of the prediction model. (5) Start the adjustment mechanism to make the distance between the first support frame and the second support frame match the theoretical distance calculated by the prediction model. (6) According to the preset stress distribution law, group and stepwise adjust multiple antenna compensation rods hinged on the end faces of the first support frame and the second support frame, and successively make them contact the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity, so as to achieve the balanced transfer of cavity stress.

[0044] The usage method of this detachable starfish antenna type cavity compensation connection device combines grid analysis and stress prediction technology. By performing refined grid division on the tunnel section, three-dimensional characteristic data of cavities in each grid area are systematically obtained, including the specific position, extension direction, volume size, and shape characteristics of the cavities. This grid analysis method overcomes the technical defects of traditional detection methods, such as being prone to blind spots and difficult to comprehensively capture the cavity distribution characteristics. Based on the obtained accurate grid data, the established antenna stress prediction model can dynamically simulate the stress distribution in a complex cavity environment, and determine the optimal installation position of the device, the ideal extension angle and acting force magnitude of the antenna compensation rods through calculation and analysis, making the installation process have reliable theoretical guidance.

[0045] In actual operation, the relative position between the first support frame and the second support frame of this device is precisely adjusted strictly in accordance with the calculation results of the prediction model, ensuring the overall force balance of the support structure. The extension process of the antenna compensation rods is controlled by a group and stepwise adjustment method, and each antenna compensation rod successively contacts the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity according to the preset stress distribution law. This progressive adjustment strategy effectively avoids the local stress concentration problem easily caused by the traditional one-time adjustment method, and realizes the coordinated and balanced transfer of stress in the cavity area. Through group adjustment, the position parameters of each antenna compensation rod can also be optimized in a timely manner according to the actual contact situation, improving the adaptability of the device to irregular cavities.

[0046] Therefore, the above construction method that closely combines precise theoretical analysis and flexible actual operation not only improves the accuracy and reliability of cavity compensation, but also enhances the overall performance and long-term stability of the support structure, providing an important technical guarantee for ensuring the construction quality and operation safety of tunnel projects.

[0047] The above description is only the implementation mode of this application, and does not limit the patent scope of this application accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of this application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A detachable starfish tentacle type cavity compensation connection device, characterized in that: It includes a first support frame and a second support frame, the first support frame can slide relative to the second support frame, and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the distance between the first support frame and the second support frame is also provided between the first support frame and the second support frame. The end faces of the first support frame and the second support frame are respectively hingedly provided with multiple tentacle compensation rods for contacting the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity.

2. A detachable starfish tentacle type cavity compensation connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first support frame includes a first support plate and a first enclosure, the first enclosure is vertically fixed on the first support plate, and a first notch is provided on the first enclosure, the second support frame includes a second support plate and a second enclosure, the second enclosure is vertically fixed on the second support plate, and a second notch is provided on the second enclosure, a plurality of first locking mechanisms for locking the position between the first enclosure and the second enclosure are arranged between the first enclosure and the second enclosure, the first notch is aligned with the second notch to form a take-in and put-out port connected to the external space.

3. A detachable starfish tentacle type cavity compensation connection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of first strip grooves are arranged on the first enclosure plate, and a plurality of second strip grooves are arranged on the second enclosure plate. The first strip grooves and the second strip grooves are arranged parallel to each other along the sliding direction. The first locking mechanism includes a first locking bolt and a first locking nut. The first locking bolt is connected through the first strip groove and the corresponding second strip groove. The first locking nut is threaded on the first locking bolt.

4. The detachable starfish tentacle type cavity compensation connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism includes a jack and a plurality of spiral anchors, the bottom of the jack is connected to the center position of the second support frame, and the active end of the jack acts on the first support frame, the plurality of spiral anchors are evenly distributed around the jack, and the active end of each spiral anchor also acts on the first support frame.

5. The detachable starfish tentacle type cavity compensation connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tentacle compensation rod includes a first rod body, a second rod body, a first fine-tuning anchor head and a second fine-tuning anchor head. A ball joint is fixed to the bottom of the first fine-tuning anchor head, and the ball joint is used to be connected to the end face of the first support frame or the second support frame. The first rod body is connected to the first fine-tuning anchor head, and the second rod body is telescopically connected to the first rod body. A second locking mechanism is arranged between the first rod body and the second rod body. The second fine-tuning anchor head is fixed to the end of the second rod body and is used to contact the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity.

6. A detachable starfish tentacle type cavity compensation connection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first rod body and the second rod body are respectively arranged to penetrate up and down, and the side wall of the second rod body is equidistantly provided with a plurality of waist-shaped grooves along the axial direction, and the side wall of the first rod body is equidistantly provided with a plurality of positioning holes along the axial direction, and the second locking mechanism includes a second locking bolt and a second locking nut, the second locking bolt is connected between the waist-shaped groove and the corresponding positioning hole, and the second locking nut is screwed on the second locking bolt.

7. The detachable starfish tentacle type cavity compensation connection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first threaded shaft is fixed to one end of the first fine-tuning anchor head, the first threaded shaft extends into the first rod body and is threadedly matched with the first rod body, first handles are also fixed to both sides of the first fine-tuning anchor head, a second threaded shaft is fixed to one end of the second fine-tuning anchor head, the second threaded shaft extends into the second rod body and is threadedly matched with the second rod body, and second handles are also fixed to both sides of the second fine-tuning anchor head.

8. The detachable starfish tentacle type cavity compensation connection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A pressure feedback device is embedded in the second fine-tuning anchor head, and the pressure feedback device includes a pressure sensor and a signal transmitting module. The pressure sensor is arranged on the contact surface between the second fine-tuning anchor head and the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity. The signal transmitting module is fixed on the side wall of the second fine-tuning anchor head and is electrically connected to the pressure sensor. The signal transmitting module is connected to an external monitoring device via wireless communication, and is used to transmit the contact pressure between the tentacle compensation rod and the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity to the external monitoring device in real time for data collection and analysis.

9. A method for using a detachable starfish tentacle type void compensation connection device, characterized in that: The detachable starfish tentacle type cavity compensation connection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: (1) Obtaining three-dimensional data of the tunnel excavation section through three-dimensional scanning and establishing a three-dimensional model of the tunnel excavation section; (2) Grid the tunnel section based on the 3D model and determine the location, size, and volume of potential voids behind the lining in each grid area using difference analysis; (3) Establish a tentacles force prediction model based on the grid data of cavity distribution and calculate the optimal device installation position and extension direction of the tentacles compensation rod; (4) placing the void compensation connection device at the installation location according to the calculation results of the prediction model; (5) starting the adjustment mechanism so that the distance between the first support frame and the second support frame matches the theoretical distance calculated by the prediction model; (6) According to the preset force distribution law, multiple antenna compensation rods hinged on the end faces of the first support frame and the second support frame are adjusted in groups and steps, so that they are contacted with the bottom of the surrounding rock cavity in turn, so as to achieve balanced transmission of cavity stress.

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