Height observation and discrimination device for coal mine collapse zone and water flowing fractured zone

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal mine collapse zone and water flowing fractured zone height observation and discrimination device which comprises a supporting rod, elastic air bags, a drainage nozzle and a conveying pipeline, the elastic air bags which are separated from each other are installed on the two axial portions of the hollow supporting rod, the drainage nozzle is fixed to the middle of the supporting rod and communicated with the outside, and the conveying pipeline is connected with the supporting rod. The other port of the elastic air bag is communicated with the conveying pipeline, and the two elastic air bags are respectively communicated with the conveying pipeline. According to the device, by inflating the supporting cylinder, the sliding arm can extend out, and meanwhile, the rear through hole can be exhausted, so that the supporting cylinder drives the sliding arm to gradually move in the circumferential direction to roll the hole wall of a drilled hole, the hole wall is denser, and the number of pits is reduced; compared with a hole wall which is not rolled, the hole wall can be attached more tightly, the number of gaps is reduced, the gaps are not prone to being formed, then the water filling device is used for filling water into the drainage nozzle, and meanwhile recording is conducted through the flow meter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of safe coal mining, and particularly to a device for observing and discriminating the heights of the collapse zone and water-conducting fissure zone in a coal mine. Background Art

[0002] Measuring the heights of the collapse zone and water-conducting fissure zone in a coal mine is to determine the size of the waterproof coal and rock pillar, so as to ensure the safe production of the mine, which is simply referred to as the measurement of the heights of the two zones. The measurement methods mainly include observing the leakage volume of the drilling fluid and color TV observation, etc. The Chinese utility model patent with the application number 90225165.1 provides a double-end plugging leak detection device for drilling holes. This device uses two hole plugging water injection (inflation) devices to plug the drilling holes (hereinafter referred to as the plugging device), and then uses the middle conduit to inject water and observes the leakage volume for measurement work. The disadvantage of this device is that, ideally, the drilling hole is round, and after the plugging device expands, it can fit well with the hole wall of the drilling hole to achieve sealing plugging. However, during the formation of the drilling hole, it is affected by various factors, such as the collision of the drilling device and the falling off of the crushed stones on the hole wall, etc., which are likely to make the inner wall of the drilling hole uneven. As a result, after the plugging device expands, it is easy to generate gaps with the hole wall, and then cause slight leakage at the gaps after injecting water into the drilling hole, thus causing adverse interference to the measurement results of the heights of the two zones, highlighting its deficiencies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for observing and discriminating the heights of the collapse zone and water-conducting fissure zone in a coal mine, so as to solve the technical problem that the uneven inner wall of the drilling hole is easy to generate gaps with the plugging device and cause leakage.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An observation and discrimination device for the height of the collapse zone and water-conducting fissure zone in a coal mine, comprising a support rod, an elastic airbag, a drainage nozzle, and a conveying pipeline. Elastic airbags separated from each other are installed at two axial parts of the hollow support rod. A drainage nozzle is fixed in the middle of the support rod. The drainage nozzle is communicated with the outside, and the other port is communicated with the conveying pipeline. The two elastic airbags are respectively communicated with the conveying pipeline. The conveying pipeline is connected to an inflation device, a deflation device, a water filling device, a water discharging device, a pressure gauge, and a flow meter. At least one rolling pressure mechanism is installed on the support rod. The rolling pressure mechanism includes a support disc and is located at the upper end of the support rod. The support rod is provided with a support disc. The support disc is rotatably connected to a support cylinder through a sealed bearing. A front support seat is fixed at the front of the support cylinder, and a rear support seat is fixed at the rear. A front through groove is penetrated by the front support seat and the support cylinder, and a sliding arm is hermetically slidably connected by using the front through groove. A tension spring is fixedly connected between the sliding arm and the inner wall of the front through groove and is located at the end outside the front through groove and rotatably connected to a pressure roller. The pressure roller is parallel to the support rod. The rear support seat penetrates through the support cylinder to form a rear blind hole, and a rear piston is hermetically slidably connected by using the rear blind hole. A rear through hole of the rear support seat penetrates through the inner wall of the rear blind hole, and a compression spring is fixedly connected between the inner wall and the rear piston. The rear piston has a tendency to approach the support cylinder under the elastic repulsive force of the compression spring and can hermetically block the rear through hole. The axial extension direction of the rear through hole and the outward sliding direction of the sliding arm are in the same torsional direction relative to the support cylinder. The cavity formed by the support cylinder and the support disc is communicated with the conveying pipeline.

[0005] On the basis of the above technical solution, a bidirectional pushing mechanism is installed in the middle of the support rod. The bidirectional pushing mechanism includes a guiding cylinder, a support plate, a second tension spring, a second piston, a sliding cylinder, and a third air vent nozzle. A guiding cylinder penetrating through the upper and lower parts is inserted into the support rod with a gap. The inner wall of the guiding cylinder is fixed to the outer wall of the support rod through a support plate with upper and lower hollow parts. The number of the support plates is two and are respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the guiding cylinder. Vertical second tension springs are respectively fixed to the opposite ends of the two support plates. Two second pistons are axially hermetically slidably connected between the upper and lower parts of the guiding cylinder and the outer wall of the support rod. The adjacent ends of the two second pistons are respectively fixed to the opposite ends of the two second tension springs. The opposite ends of the two second pistons are respectively fixed to sliding cylinders. The two sliding cylinders are respectively coaxially slidably connected to the support rod. The number of the rolling pressure mechanisms is two. Elastic airbags and rolling pressure mechanisms are sequentially installed at the ends of the two sliding cylinders far away from the middle of the support rod from the middle to the outer end. A penetrating third air vent nozzle is also fixed in the middle of the support rod. One end of the third air vent nozzle is communicated with the inner cavity of the guiding cylinder, and the other end is communicated with the conveying pipeline.

[0006] On the basis of the above technical solution, the elastic airbag does not contact the outer wall of the support rod. Radial wire holes are penetrated through the two axial ends of the support rod. The intersection of the two wire holes is closer to the two axial ends of the support rod than the two roller pressing mechanisms. One-way air nozzles are fixed at the opposite ends of the two support disks. The one-way air nozzles communicate with the cavity formed by the support cylinder and the support disk. The opposite ends of the two elastic airbags are respectively fixedly communicated with two-way air nozzles. Part of the conveying pipeline is located inside the support rod. The conveying pipeline inside the support rod is communicated with the surplus hose gap. After passing through the wire hole, it is connected with the one-way air nozzle and the two-way air nozzle.

[0007] On the basis of the above technical solution, support rings are coaxially fixed to the upper and lower parts of the inner wall of the support rod respectively. Ring-shaped reversing shells are axially slidably connected to the upper and lower parts of the support rod respectively. Three-way tension springs are jointly fixed between the two reversing shells and the two support rings respectively. The two reversing shells tend to approach each other under the elastic tension of the three-way tension springs. The interiors of the two reversing shells are hollow, and two first connection nozzles and two second connection nozzles are respectively fixedly communicated with the opposite ends. The two second connection nozzles are respectively connected with the one-way air nozzle and the two-way air nozzle through the surplus hose gap that is fixedly communicated and passes through the wire hole. The two first connection nozzles are fixedly communicated with the surplus hose gap that is inserted into the support rod and fixedly communicated with the conveying pipeline.

[0008] On the basis of the above technical solution, a ring-shaped mounting seat is coaxially fixed to the wire hole. The mounting seat is rotatably connected with a plurality of balls. The balls are arranged in a ring compared with the mounting seat and protrude from the inner circumferential wall of the mounting seat. The surplus hose passing through the wire hole is intermittently inserted into the through structure of the ring-shaped mounting seat at the same time and can roll and rub against the balls.

[0009] On the basis of the above technical solution, the bidirectional pushing mechanism further includes a sealing member. The sealing member includes a limit ring, a retaining ring, a liquid sac, and a second compression spring. Limit rings are coaxially fixed to the inner walls of the two axial ends of the guide cylinder respectively. A breathable retaining ring is fixed to the inner circumferential walls of the two limit rings. The retaining ring is slidably connected with the outer circumferential wall of the sliding cylinder. Ring-shaped liquid sacs are fixed to the adjacent ends of the two limit rings respectively. Water is filled in the liquid sacs. The liquid sacs are fixed to the inner wall of the guide cylinder. Second compression springs are fixed in the two liquid sacs. The two liquid sacs tend to expand in the two axial directions of the guide cylinder under the elastic repulsive force of the two second compression springs. When the two second pistons move away from each other to a certain position, the two liquid sacs can be squeezed to make their radial deformation seal and fit with the inner wall of the guide cylinder and the outer wall of the sliding cylinder.

[0010] On the basis of the above technical solution, the seal further includes support columns and fourth tension springs. The two support discs are respectively fixed to the opposite ends of the two elastic air bags. Support columns are fixedly connected to the axial two ends of the inner wall of the elastic air bag. Fourth tension springs are respectively fixed to the end faces of the middle parts of the support columns facing the support rod. The ends of the fourth tension springs are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the elastic air bag close to the support rod. After the elastic air bag is inflated and expands, the part close to the support rod can be hermetically attached to the outer wall of the support rod. When the elastic air bag is not inflated, the part close to the support rod moves close to the support column under the elastic tension of the fourth tension spring.

[0011] On the basis of the above technical solution, mounting discs are respectively fixed to the two axial ends of the support rod. Three guide grooves are circumferentially and equally angled on the outer wall of the mounting disc compared with the support rod. Support arms are respectively slidably connected to the guide grooves. Rollers are respectively rotatably connected to the upper and lower parts of each support arm. The virtual axis of the roller is perpendicular to the virtual axis of the support rod. The sliding direction of the support arm is perpendicular to the virtual axis of the support rod. Third compression springs are respectively fixed between each support arm and the guide groove. Each support arm has a tendency to expand and slide outwards under the elastic repulsive force of the third compression spring.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical solution, the inside of the mounting disc is hollow and fixedly communicates with a fourth air nozzle. The fourth air nozzle is located inside the support rod. The inner cavity of the mounting disc communicates with each guide groove. A stepped hole is penetrated along the sliding direction of the support arm. A third piston is hermetically slidably connected to the large-diameter part of the stepped hole, and a plug rod is slidably connected to the small-diameter part. The third piston is fixed to the plug rod. Fourth compression springs are respectively fixed to the third pistons. The ends of the fourth compression springs are respectively fixed to the step surfaces of the stepped holes. Each stepped hole communicates with the guide groove.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, a mounting cylinder is fixed to the bottom end of the mounting disc at the bottom of the support rod. A wire groove is radially penetrated through the middle of the mounting cylinder, and a connecting bolt is radially threadedly connected. Part of the conveying pipeline is located inside the support rod, and the other part is led out to the outside through the wire groove and connected to an inflation device, a deflation device, a water filling device, a water discharging device, a pressure gauge and a flow meter.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: By inflating the support cylinder, the sliding arm can be extended, and at the same time, the rear through-hole can be exhausted, so that the support cylinder drives the sliding arm to gradually move circumferentially to roll press the hole wall of the drill hole, making the hole wall more dense and reducing the number of pits. When the elastic airbag fits against the rolled hole wall, it can fit more closely compared to the unrolled hole wall, reducing the number of gaps and being less likely to form gaps. Then, the water filling device is used to fill water into the drain nozzle, and at the same time, it is recorded by the flow meter, and the leakage amount can be known, realizing the observation and discrimination of the two-zone height. Since the number of gaps between the elastic airbag and the hole wall is small, the leakage amount between the elastic airbag and the hole wall is also correspondingly reduced, thereby reducing the adverse interference on the measurement result. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is an axonometric structural schematic diagram of a part of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a partial connection schematic diagram of the conveying pipeline of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a partial front-sectional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of part A of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of part B of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a partial front-sectional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 It is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of part C of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 8 It is a top-sectional structural schematic diagram of the support cylinder of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 9 It is a top-sectional structural schematic diagram of the mounting plate on the upper part of the support rod of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 10 It is a top-sectional structural schematic diagram of the mounting plate on the lower part of the support rod of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1, support rod; 2, elastic airbag; 3, drain nozzle; 4, delivery pipeline; 5, inflation device; 6, deflation device; 7, water filling device; 8, water discharging device; 9, pressure gauge; 10, flowmeter; 12, support disc; 13, support cylinder; 14, front support base; 15, rear support base; 16, front through groove; 17, sliding arm; 18, tension spring; 19, pressure roller; 20, rear blind hole; 21, rear piston; 22, rear through hole; 23, compression spring; 25, guide cylinder; 26, support plate; 27, second tension spring; 28, second piston; 29, sliding cylinder; 30, third air vent nozzle; 31, wire threading hole; 32, first air vent nozzle; 33, second air vent nozzle; 34, support ring; 35, reversing housing; 36, third tension spring; 37, first connecting nozzle; 38, second connecting nozzle; 39, mounting seat; 40, ball; 42, limit ring; 43, retaining ring; 44, liquid sac; 45, second compression spring; 46, support column; 47, fourth tension spring; 48, mounting disc; 49, guide groove; 50, support arm; 51, roller; 52, third compression spring; 53, fourth air vent nozzle; 54, stepped hole; 55, third piston; 56, inserting rod; 57, fourth compression spring; 58, mounting cylinder; 59, wire threading groove; 60, connecting bolt. Detailed implementation mode

[0026] The present invention will be further elaborated in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] As Figures 1 - 10 shown, Embodiment 1 An observation and discrimination device for the height of the collapse zone and water-conducting fissure zone in a coal mine, comprising a support rod 1, an elastic airbag 2, a drain nozzle 3, and a conveying pipeline 4. The two axially separated elastic airbags 2 are installed at both parts of the hollow support rod 1. A drain nozzle 3 is fixed in the middle of the support rod 1. The drain nozzle 3 is communicated with the outside, and the other port is communicated with the conveying pipeline 4. The two elastic airbags 2 are respectively communicated with the conveying pipeline 4. The conveying pipeline 4 is connected to an inflation device 5, a deflation device 6, a water filling device 7, a water discharging device 8, a pressure gauge 9, and a flowmeter 10. At least one rolling mechanism is installed on the support rod 1. The rolling mechanism includes a support disc 12, which is located at the upper end of the support rod 1. The support rod 1 is installed with a support disc 12. The support disc 12 is rotatably connected to a support cylinder 13 through a sealed bearing. A front support seat 14 is fixed at the front of the support cylinder 13, and a rear support seat 15 is fixed at the rear. A front through groove 16 penetrates through the front support seat 14 and the support cylinder 13, and a sliding arm 17 is hermetically slidably connected to the front through groove 16. A tension spring 18 is fixed between the sliding arm 17 and the inner wall of the front through groove 16, and a pressing roller 19 is rotatably connected to the end of the sliding arm 17 located outside the front through groove 16. The pressing roller 19 is parallel to the support rod 1. The rear support seat 15 penetrates through the support cylinder 13 to form a rear blind hole 20, and a rear piston 21 is hermetically slidably connected to the rear blind hole 20. A rear through hole 22 of the rear support seat 15 penetrates through the inner wall of the rear blind hole 20, and a compression spring 23 is fixed between the inner wall and the rear piston 21. The rear piston 21 has a tendency to approach the support cylinder 13 under the elastic repulsive force of the compression spring 23 and can seal the rear through hole 22. The axial extension direction of the rear through hole 22 and the outward sliding direction of the sliding arm 17 have the same torsional direction with respect to the support cylinder 13. The cavity formed by the support cylinder 13 and the support disc 12 is communicated with the conveying pipeline 4.

[0028] In use, drilling is carried out by a drilling device, and the drilled hole is large enough to accommodate this height observation and discrimination device (excluding the inflation device 5, deflation device 6, water filling device 7, water discharging device 8, pressure gauge 9 and flowmeter 10). After the drilling of the hole is completed, the device is inserted into the hole from bottom to top, and the inflation device 5, deflation device 6, water filling device 7, water discharging device 8, pressure gauge 9 and flowmeter 10 are located outside the hole. When approaching the test point, the inflation device 5 and the delivery pipeline 4 are used to inflate the cavity formed by the support cylinder 13 and the support plate 12. Then, under the push of the air pressure, the sliding arm 17 can be made to move away from the support rod 1 along the front through groove 16, so that the pressure roller 19 can contact the hole wall. At the same time, due to continuous inflation, when the air pressure reaches a certain value, the rear piston 21 is squeezed, thus overcoming the elastic repulsive force of the compression spring 23 and making the rear piston 21 move away from the support rod 1 along the rear blind hole 20. Subsequently, the rear through hole 22 is exposed and connected to the rear blind hole 20, so that the high-pressure gas is discharged through the rear through hole 22. Since the axial extension direction of the rear through hole 22 and the outward sliding direction of the sliding arm 17 have the same torsional direction with respect to the support cylinder 13, the support cylinder 13 can be gradually made to rotate under the action of the discharged high-pressure gas, so that the inner wall of the drilled hole can be roll-pressed, making the hole wall denser and reducing the number of pits. Subsequently, the support rod 1 is continuously pushed to move a certain distance, and the first position in contact with the elastic airbag 2 can be formed. Then, the gas in the support cylinder 13 is discharged through the deflation device 6 to release the roll pressure. Then, the support rod 1 is continuously pushed to move a certain distance, and the hole wall is roll-pressed again by the pressure roller 19. During the process, the pushing is maintained, and the second position in contact with the elastic airbag 2 can be formed. Subsequently, the roll pressure is released, and the support rod 1 is continuously pushed until the two elastic airbags 2 correspond to the roll-pressed positions. Then, the elastic airbags 2 are inflated by the inflation device 5, so that the elastic airbags 2 can fit more closely to the roll-pressed hole wall compared with the non-roll-pressed hole wall, reducing the number of gaps and being not easy to form gaps. Then, the water filling device 7 is used to fill water into the drain nozzle 3, and the flowmeter 10 is used to record at the same time, so that the leakage amount can be known, thus realizing the height observation and discrimination of the two zones. Since the number of gaps between the elastic airbag 2 and the hole wall is small, the leakage amount between the elastic airbag 2 and the hole wall is also correspondingly reduced, thus reducing the adverse interference on the measurement result. After the measurement is completed, the elastic airbag 2 is deflated through the deflation device 6, and the drain nozzle is drained through the water discharging device 8, so that it can be conveniently taken out.

[0029] A two-way pushing mechanism is installed in the middle of the support rod 1. The two-way pushing mechanism includes a guiding cylinder 25, a support plate 26, a second tension spring 27, a second piston 28, a sliding cylinder 29, and a third air vent 30. The guiding cylinder 25 with upper and lower parts penetrating is inserted into the support rod 1 with a clearance. The inner wall of the guiding cylinder 25 is fixed to the outer wall of the support rod 1 through the support plate 26 with upper and lower hollow parts. The number of the support plates 26 is two, and they are respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the guiding cylinder 25. Vertical second tension springs 27 are respectively fixed to the opposite ends of the two support plates 26. Axial sealing sliding connections are respectively arranged between the upper and lower parts of the guiding cylinder 25 and the outer wall of the support rod 1 with second pistons 28. The adjacent ends of the two second pistons 28 are respectively fixed to the opposite ends of the two second tension springs 27. Sliding cylinders 29 are respectively fixed to the opposite ends of the two second pistons 28. The two sliding cylinders 29 are respectively coaxially slidably connected to the support rod 1. The number of the rolling mechanisms is two. Elastic air bags 2 and rolling mechanisms are successively installed at the ends of the two sliding cylinders 29 far away from the middle of the support rod 1 from the middle to the outer end. A penetrating third air vent 30 is also fixed in the middle of the support rod 1. One end of the third air vent 30 is communicated with the inner cavity of the guiding cylinder 25, and the other end is communicated with the conveying pipeline 4.

[0030] Further, for the convenience of measuring the height of the two belts, after the hole is formed, the height observation and discrimination device is directly sent to the observation point. Then, keep the support rod 1 stationary, and then use the two-way pushing mechanism to push the two rolling mechanisms and the elastic air bags 2 away from each other, that is, while the two rolling mechanisms move away from each other, use the pressing roller 19 to perform rolling. After the rolling is completed, the elastic air bags 2 are also in the rolling position. Then, inflate the elastic air bags 2. After inflation, water can be injected into the drain nozzle 3 for measurement. The specific use method of the two-way pushing mechanism is as follows: After the support rod 1 is at the point to be measured, first inflate the third air vent 30, so that the two second pistons 28 overcome the elastic tension of the second tension springs 27 and move away from each other, so that the two sliding cylinders 29, the elastic air bags 2 and the rolling mechanisms move away from each other. During this period, control the pressing roller 19 to perform rolling operations. After the measurement is completed, release the air in the guiding cylinder 25 through the air release device 6, and it can be used again.

[0031] The elastic air bags 2 do not contact the outer wall of the support rod 1. Radial wire holes 31 penetrate through the two axial ends of the support rod 1. The intersection of the two wire holes 31 is closer to the two axial ends of the support rod 1 than the two rolling mechanisms. One-way air vents 32 are fixed to the opposite ends of the two support disks 12. The one-way air vents 32 are communicated with the cavity formed by the support cylinder 13 and the support disk 12. Two-way air vents 33 are respectively fixed and communicated with the opposite ends of the two elastic air bags 2. A part of the conveying pipeline 4 is located inside the support rod 1. The conveying pipeline 4 inside the support rod 1 is communicated with the surplus hose. After passing through the wire hole 31, it is connected with the one-way air vent 32 and the two-way air vent 33.

[0032] Further, the elastic airbag 2 and the support cylinder 13 can be inflated and deflated through the inflation device 5, the deflation device 6, the delivery pipeline 4, the threading hole 31, the first air vent 32 and the second air vent 33. When the bidirectional pushing mechanism pushes the elastic airbag 2 and the rolling mechanism away from each other, the surplus hose can ensure normal gas delivery.

[0033] On the upper and lower parts of the inner wall of the support rod 1, support rings 34 are coaxially fixed respectively. On the upper and lower parts of the support rod 1, annular reversing shells 35 are axially slidably connected respectively. Between the two reversing shells 35 and the two support rings 34, third tension springs 36 are fixedly connected together respectively. Under the elastic tension of the third tension springs 36, the two reversing shells 35 tend to approach each other. The interiors of the two reversing shells 35 are hollow, and two first connection nozzles 37 and two second connection nozzles 38 are fixedly connected to the opposite ends respectively. The two second connection nozzles 38 are fixedly connected to the surplus hoses and pass through the threading hole 31 through the gap and are respectively connected to the first air vent 32 and the second air vent 33. The two first connection nozzles 37 are fixedly connected to the surplus hoses and are inserted into the support rod 1 through the gap and are fixedly connected to the delivery pipeline 4.

[0034] Further, in order to reduce the interference caused by the surplus hoses connected to the first air vent 32 and the second air vent 33 during the operation of the bidirectional pushing mechanism, by setting the third tension springs 36 and the reversing shells 35, the two reversing shells 35 tend to approach each other, which can make the surplus hoses passing through the threading hole 31 tend to be straightened and will not sag during the operation of the bidirectional pushing mechanism and affect its operation.

[0035] A ring-shaped mounting seat 39 is coaxially fixed to the threading hole 31. The mounting seat 39 is rotatably connected with a plurality of balls 40. The balls 40 are arranged in a ring shape relative to the mounting seat 39 and protrude from the inner circumferential wall of the mounting seat 39. The surplus hoses passing through the threading hole 31 are intermittently inserted into the through structure of the ring-shaped mounting seat 39 at the same time and can roll and rub against the balls 40.

[0036] Further, by setting the mounting seat 39 and the balls 40, compared with the hoses only passing through the threading hole 31, the hoses passing through the mounting seat 39 can be less worn, thereby prolonging the service life.

[0037] The two-way pushing mechanism further includes a seal, which includes a limit ring 42, a retaining ring 43, a liquid sac 44, and a second compression spring 45. The inner walls of the two axial ends of the guide cylinder 25 are coaxially fixed with limit rings 42 respectively. A breathable retaining ring 43 is fixed to the inner circumferential walls of the two limit rings 42. The retaining ring 43 is slidably connected to the outer circumferential wall of the sliding cylinder 29. Annular liquid sacs 44 are respectively fixed to the adjacent ends of the two limit rings 42. Water is filled in the liquid sacs 44. The liquid sacs 44 are fixed to the inner wall of the guide cylinder 25. Second compression springs 45 are fixed in the two liquid sacs 44. Under the elastic repulsive force of the two second compression springs 45, the two liquid sacs 44 tend to expand in two axial directions relative to the guide cylinder 25. When the two second pistons 28 move away from each other to a certain position, they can squeeze the two liquid sacs 44 to cause their radial deformation and make them hermetically fit with the inner wall of the guide cylinder 25 and the outer wall of the sliding cylinder 29.

[0038] Further, when the two-way pushing mechanism performs a pushing operation, it should be ensured that the two-way pushing mechanism finally squeezes the liquid sac 44 (which can be achieved by controlling the volume of air filled into the guide cylinder 25). At this time, the liquid sac 44 can be axially squeezed to cause radial expansion, so as to hermetically fit with the outer wall of the sliding cylinder 29, improve the sealing effect, reduce the subsequent intrusion of muddy water into the guide cylinder 25 and interfere with the sealed sliding connection of the second piston 28, and at the same time can reduce the leakage of gas between the second piston 28 and the guide cylinder 25 from the gap between the liquid sac 44 and the sliding cylinder 29.

[0039] As Figures 1 - 10 shown in Embodiment 2 The seal further includes support columns 46 and fourth tension springs 47. The two support plates 12 are respectively fixed to the opposite ends of the two elastic air bags 2. Support columns 46 are jointly fixed to the two axial end parts of the inner wall of the elastic air bag 2. Fourth tension springs 47 are respectively fixed to the end faces of the middle parts of the support columns 46 facing the support rod 1. The ends of the fourth tension springs 47 are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the elastic air bag 2 close to the support rod 1. When the elastic air bag 2 is inflated and expands, the part close to the support rod 1 can hermetically fit with the outer wall of the support rod 1. When the elastic air bag 2 is not inflated, the part close to the support rod 1 approaches the support column 46 under the elastic tension of the fourth tension spring 47.

[0040] Further, when the bi-directional pushing mechanism works and the sliding cylinder 29 slides relative to the support rod 1, the elastic airbag 2 is not inflated. At this time, under the elastic pulling force of the fourth tension spring 47, the contact between the elastic airbag 2 and the support rod 1 can be reduced, thereby reducing wear. After the sliding cylinder 29 stops moving and the elastic airbag 2 is inflated, the elastic airbag 2 overcomes the elastic repulsive force of the fourth tension spring 47 and approaches the support rod 1, so that the elastic airbag 2 fits against the outer wall of the support rod 1, thereby improving the sealing performance here and reducing the leakage between the support cylinder 13 and the sliding cylinder 29 when gas leaks between the second piston 28 and the guide cylinder 25.

[0041] Installation disks 48 are respectively fixed at both axial ends of the support rod 1. Three guide grooves 49 are circumferentially and equally angularly formed in the outer wall of the installation disk 48 compared with the support rod 1. Each of the guide grooves 49 is slidably connected with a support arm 50. Roller wheels 51 are respectively rotatably connected to the upper and lower parts of each support arm 50. The virtual axis of the roller wheel 51 is perpendicular to the virtual axis of the support rod 1. The sliding direction of the support arm 50 is perpendicular to the virtual axis of the support rod 1. Third compression springs 52 are respectively fixed between each support arm 50 and the guide groove 49. Each support arm 50 has a tendency to expand and slide outwards under the elastic repulsive force of the third compression spring 52.

[0042] Further, when the support rod 1 is inserted into the hole, the support arms 50 move away from each other under the elastic repulsive force of the third compression springs 52, so that the roller wheels 51 roll on the inner wall of the hole, thereby facilitating the movement of the support rod 1, reducing the collision and friction with the inner wall of the hole, and then ensuring the integrity of the inner wall of the hole and reducing the generation of potholes.

[0043] The interior of the installation disk 48 is hollow and fixedly communicates with a fourth air nozzle 53. The fourth air nozzle 53 is located inside the support rod 1. The inner cavity of the installation disk 48 communicates with each guide groove 49. A stepped hole 54 is formed through the support arm 50 along its sliding direction. A third piston 55 is hermetically slidably connected to the large-diameter part of the stepped hole 54, and a plug rod 56 is slidably connected to the small-diameter part. The third piston 55 is fixed to the plug rod 56. Fourth compression springs 57 are respectively fixed to each of the third pistons 55. The ends of each of the fourth compression springs 57 are respectively fixed to the step surfaces of the stepped hole 54. Each of the stepped holes 54 communicates with the guide groove 49.

[0044] Further, when the position of the support rod 1 moves to the point to be measured, air is introduced into the fourth air vent 53 through the air inflation device 5, enabling each third piston 55 to slide outward along the stepped hole 54 against the elastic repulsive force of the fourth compression spring 57, so that the insertion rod 56 is inserted into the inner wall of the hole, realizing the limitation of the relative position of the support rod 1 to the hole. After the measurement is completed, the air in the mounting seat 39 is extracted, and at the same time, under the elastic repulsive force of the fourth compression spring 57, the insertion rod 56 can be retracted, facilitating the removal from the hole.

[0045] A mounting cylinder 58 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the mounting disc 48 at the bottom of the support rod 1. A wire groove 59 runs through the middle of the mounting cylinder 58 in the radial direction, and a connecting bolt 60 is threadedly connected in the radial direction. A part of the conveying pipeline 4 is located inside the support rod 1, and the other part is led out to the outside through the wire groove 59 and connected to the air inflation device 5, the air deflation device 6, the water filling device 7, the water discharging device 8, the pressure gauge 9, and the flowmeter 10.

[0046] Further, when the support rod 1 is sent into the hole, it can be fastened to the end of the drill rod of the drill through the mounting cylinder 58 and the connecting bolt 60, facilitating the sending of the support rod 1 into the hole and the removal from the hole.

[0047] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the teachings of the present invention, without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations made to the implementation manners still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for observing and distinguishing the height of a collapsed zone and a water-conducting fracture zone in a coal mine, comprising a support rod (1), an elastic airbag (2), a drainage nozzle (3), and a conveying pipeline (4), wherein two axial parts of the hollow support rod (1) are provided with elastic airbags (2) separated from each other, a drainage nozzle (3) is fixed to the middle part of the support rod (1), the drainage nozzle (3) is connected to the outside, and the other end is connected to the conveying pipeline (4), the two elastic airbags (2) are respectively connected to the conveying pipeline (4), and the conveying pipeline (4) is connected to an air charging device (5), an air releasing device (6), a water charging device (7), a water discharging device (8), a pressure gauge (9), and a flow meter (10), characterized in that: The support rod (1) is provided with at least one rolling mechanism, the rolling mechanism comprising a supporting plate (12) and located at the upper end of the support rod (1); the support rod (1) is provided with a supporting plate (12), the supporting plate (12) is rotatably connected to a supporting tube (13) via a sealed bearing, a front supporting seat (14) is fixed to the front of the supporting tube (13), and a rear supporting seat (15) is fixed to the rear of the supporting tube (13); a front through groove (16) is passed through the front supporting seat (14) and the supporting tube (13), and a sliding arm (17) is sealed and slidably connected to the front through groove (16); a tension spring (18) is fixed to the sliding arm (17) and the inner wall of the front through groove (16); a pressure roller (19) is rotatably connected to the end portion located outside the front through groove (16); the pressure roller (19) is connected to the support rod (1 ), the rear support seat (15) penetrates the support cylinder (13) to form a rear blind hole (20), and a rear piston (21) is sealed and slidably connected by the rear blind hole (20), the inner wall of the rear blind hole (20) penetrates the rear through hole (22) of the rear support seat (15), and a compression spring (23) is fixed between the inner wall and the rear piston (21), the rear piston (21) has a tendency to approach the support cylinder (13) under the elastic repulsive force of the compression spring (23), and can seal the rear through hole (22), the axial extension direction of the rear through hole (22) and the outward sliding direction of the sliding arm (17) are in the same torsional direction compared to the support cylinder (13), and the cavity formed by the support cylinder (13) and the support plate (12) is connected to the conveying pipeline (4).

2. A device for observing and distinguishing the height of a coal mine collapse zone and a water-conducting fracture zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bidirectional pushing mechanism is installed in the middle of the support rod (1), and the bidirectional pushing mechanism comprises a guide cylinder (25), a support plate (26), a second tension spring (27), a second piston (28), a sliding cylinder (29), and a third vent nozzle (30). The outer gap of the support rod (1) is plugged with a guide cylinder (25) that penetrates the guide cylinder (25) from top to bottom. The inner wall of the guide cylinder (25) is fixed to the outer wall of the support rod (1) through the support plates (26) that are hollowed out from top to bottom. The number of the support plates (26) is two, and they are respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the guide cylinder (25). The two opposite ends of the two support plates (26) are respectively fixed with vertical second tension springs (27). The upper and lower parts of the guide cylinder (25) and the outer wall of the support rod (1) are respectively connected to each other. A No. 2 piston (28) is axially sealed and slidably connected. The adjacent ends of the No. 2 pistons (28) are respectively fixed to the opposite ends of the two No. 2 tension springs (27). The opposite ends of the No. 2 pistons (28) are respectively fixed with sliding cylinders (29). The two sliding cylinders (29) are respectively slidably connected to the support rod (1) on the same axis. The number of the rolling mechanisms is two. The ends of the two sliding cylinders (29) away from the middle of the support rod (1) are successively installed with elastic air bags (2) and rolling mechanisms from the middle to the outer ends. The middle of the support rod (1) is also fixed with a No. 3 ventilation nozzle (30) passing through. One end of the No. 3 ventilation nozzle (30) is connected to the inner cavity of the guide cylinder (25), and the other end is connected to the conveying pipeline (4).

3. A device for observing and distinguishing the height of a coal mine collapse zone and a water-conducting fracture zone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic airbag (2) does not contact the outer wall of the support rod (1); radial threading holes (31) are passed through the two axial ends of the support rod (1); the two threading holes (31) are closer to the two axial ends of the support rod (1) than the two roller pressing mechanisms; a No. 1 vent nozzle (32) is fixed to the opposite ends of the two support plates (12); the No. 1 vent nozzle (32) is connected to the support tube (13) and the support plate (12) to form a cavity; the opposite ends of the two elastic airbags (2) are respectively fixedly connected to a No. 2 vent nozzle (33); a part of the conveying pipeline (4) is located in the support rod (1); the conveying pipeline (4) in the support rod (1) is connected to the No. 1 vent nozzle (32) and the No. 2 vent nozzle (33) after passing through the threading hole (31) with the surplus hose gap.

4. A device for observing and distinguishing the height of a coal mine collapse zone and a water-conducting fracture zone according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper and lower parts of the inner wall of the support rod (1) are coaxially fixed with a support ring (34), and the upper and lower parts of the support rod (1) are axially slidably connected with an annular reversing shell (35). A No. 3 tension spring (36) is respectively fixed between the two reversing shells (35) and the two support rings (34). The two reversing shells (35) have a tendency to approach each other under the elastic tension of the No. 3 tension spring (36). The two reversing shells (35) are hollow inside, and the opposite ends are respectively fixedly connected with two No. 1 connecting nozzles (37) and two No. 2 connecting nozzles (38). The two No. 2 connecting nozzles (38) are connected with the No. 1 vent nozzle (32) and the No. 2 vent nozzle (33) after passing through the threading hole (31) through the surplus hose gap fixedly connected. The two No. 1 connecting nozzles (37) are fixedly connected with the surplus hose gap and inserted into the support rod (1) and are fixedly connected with the conveying pipeline (4).

5. A device for observing and distinguishing the height of a coal mine collapse zone and a water-conducting fracture zone according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: An annular mounting seat (39) is coaxially fixed to the threading hole (31), and a plurality of balls (40) are rotatably connected to the mounting seat (39). The balls (40) are arranged in an annular shape relative to the mounting seat (39) and protrude from the inner circumferential wall of the mounting seat (39). The surplus hose passing through the threading hole (31) is intermittently inserted into the through structure of the annular mounting seat (39) and can roll and rub against the balls (40).

6. A device for observing and distinguishing the height of a coal mine collapse zone and a water-conducting fracture zone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bidirectional pushing mechanism also includes a sealing member, which includes a limiting ring (42), a retaining ring (43), a liquid capsule (44), and a No. 2 compression spring (45). The inner walls of the two axial ends of the guide cylinder (25) are coaxially fixed with the limiting rings (42), and the inner circumferential walls of the two limiting rings (42) are fixed with air-permeable retaining rings (43). The retaining rings (43) are slidably connected to the outer circumferential wall of the sliding cylinder (29). The adjacent ends of the two limiting rings (42) are respectively fixed with an annular liquid capsule (44). The liquid capsule (4 4) is filled with water, the liquid capsule (44) is fixed to the inner wall of the guide tube (25), and a No. 2 compression spring (45) is fixed in the two liquid capsules (44). Under the elastic repulsive force of the two No. 2 compression springs (45), the two liquid capsules (44) have a tendency to expand in two axial directions relative to the guide tube (25). When the two No. 2 pistons (28) are away from each other to a certain position, the two liquid capsules (44) can be squeezed to deform radially and seal against the inner wall of the guide tube (25) and the outer wall of the sliding tube (29).

7. A device for observing and distinguishing the height of a coal mine collapse zone and a water-conducting fracture zone according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sealing member further comprises a support column (46) and a No. 4 tension spring (47). The two support plates (12) are respectively fixed to the opposite ends of the two elastic airbags (2). The two axial ends of the inner wall of the elastic airbag (2) are commonly fixed with a support column (46). The end surface of the middle part of each support column (46) facing the support rod (1) is respectively fixed with a No. 4 tension spring (47). The end of each No. 4 tension spring (47) is respectively fixed to the inner wall of the elastic airbag (2) close to the support rod (1). After the elastic airbag (2) is inflated, it expands so that the part close to the support rod (1) is sealed and fitted with the outer wall of the support rod (1). When the elastic airbag (2) is not inflated, the part close to the support rod (1) approaches the support column (46) under the elastic tension of the No. 4 tension spring (47).

8. A device for observing and distinguishing the height of a coal mine collapse zone and a water-conducting fracture zone according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, characterized in that: A mounting plate (48) is fixed to each of the two axial ends of the support rod (1); the outer wall of the mounting plate (48) is provided with three guide grooves (49) at equal angles to the support rod (1); each of the guide grooves (49) is slidably connected to a support arm (50); the upper and lower parts of each of the support arms (50) are rotatably connected to rollers (51); the virtual axis of the roller (51) is perpendicular to the virtual axis of the support rod (1); the sliding direction of the support arm (50) is perpendicular to the virtual axis of the support rod (1); a No. 3 compression spring (52) is fixed between each of the support arms (50) and the guide groove (49); each of the support arms (50) has a tendency to expand and slide outwards under the elastic repulsive force of the No. 3 compression spring (52).

9. A device for observing and distinguishing the height of a coal mine collapse zone and a water-conducting fracture zone according to claim 8, characterized in that: The interior of the mounting plate (48) is hollow and is fixedly connected with a No. 4 vent nozzle (53). The No. 4 vent nozzle (53) is located in the support rod (1). The inner cavity of the mounting plate (48) is connected with each guide groove (49). The support arm (50) is penetrated with a step hole (54) along its sliding direction. A No. 3 piston (55) is sealingly and slidably connected with the large aperture portion in the step hole (54), and a plug rod (56) is slidably connected with the small aperture portion. The No. 3 piston (55) is fixed with the plug rod (56). Each No. 3 piston (55) is fixed with a No. 4 compression spring (57). The end of each No. 4 compression spring (57) is fixed with the step surface of the step hole (54). Each step hole (54) is connected with the guide groove (49).

10. A device for observing and distinguishing the height of a coal mine collapse zone and a water-conducting fracture zone according to claim 8, characterized in that: A mounting tube (58) is fixed to the bottom end of the mounting plate (48) at the bottom of the support rod (1), a threading groove (59) radially penetrates the middle of the mounting tube (58), and a connecting bolt (60) is radially threadedly connected, a portion of the delivery pipeline (4) is located inside the support rod (1), and another portion is led out to the outside through the threading groove (59) and connected to the inflation device (5), the deflation device (6), the water filling device (7), the water discharge device (8), the pressure gauge (9) and the flow meter (10).

Images