Similar test model and method capable of simulating tunnel blasting dust production

Abstract

A similar test model capable of simulating tunnel blasting dust production comprises a monitoring area model and a dust production area model which are arranged front and back. The monitoring area model comprises a transverse first cylinder and a dust monitoring module arranged in the first cylinder, and the dust monitoring module comprises at least four particulate matter sensors arranged on the top, the bottom and the two side walls of the first cylinder. The dust production area model comprises a second cylinder which is transversely arranged, the front end of the second cylinder is connected with the rear end of the first cylinder, and a dust generation mechanism is arranged in the second cylinder; a spraying device capable of spraying a dust suppressant is further arranged at one end, close to the first barrel body, of the second barrel body. The monitoring area model can monitor the dust concentration at different positions of different sections, dust produced by explosion is replaced by dust produced by the dust injection device, and the system has high safety, controllable dust production and good operability. The device can simulate the dust production law and diffusion law of dust in a tunnel, can also perform a simulation test of a dust suppressant, has multiple functions, and is wide in applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting, and specifically provides a similarity test model and method for simulating dust generation during tunnel blasting. Background Technique

[0002] At present, during the construction of rock roadway driving projects such as tunnel excavation, mine exploitation, and water conservancy and hydropower projects in China, a large amount of coal dust or rock dust is extremely likely to be generated, posing a serious threat to the on-site construction environment and the physical health of personnel. The patent document with the application number CN202222623203.9 discloses a water-pressure blasting dust reduction simulation experiment platform, which includes a roadway model, a water-pressure blasting device, a dust concentration detector, a dust sampler arranged inside it, a high-speed camera and a computer arranged outside the roadway model. After the water-pressure blasting device explodes, the dust concentration detector can detect the dust concentration inside, the dust sampler can collect the dust generated during the blasting process, and the high-speed camera can record the data of the entire blasting process, which can be used to study the dust generation law under water-pressure blasting conditions, analyze the influence law of various factors on the dust removal effect, and improve the dust reduction effect of actual water-pressure blasting operations, and can well realize the water-pressure blasting dust reduction simulation experiment. However, the dust generation point of this experimental platform is a single position, while in the actual blasting process, the tunnel construction surface is multi-point blasting. Moreover, this experimental platform has problems such as poor similarity between the roadway model and the actual roadway, single function, and limited monitoring means, resulting in a large test error. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the technical problems of poor similarity between the tunnel blasting dust generation simulation test and the actual roadway, single function, and limited monitoring means in the above background technique, the present invention provides a similarity test model and method for simulating dust generation during tunnel blasting.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A similarity test model for simulating dust generation during tunnel blasting includes a monitoring area model and a dust generation area model arranged front and back.

[0006] The monitoring area model includes a horizontally arranged first cylinder and a dust monitoring module arranged inside it. The dust monitoring module includes at least four particulate matter sensors arranged on the top, bottom, and two side walls of the first cylinder.

[0007] The dust-producing area model includes a second cylinder that is horizontally placed and has its front end connected to the rear end of the first cylinder. A dust generation mechanism is provided inside the second cylinder. The dust generation mechanism includes a closing plate disposed inside the second cylinder, and a number of dust spraying devices are connected to the closing plate. The closing plate is provided with prefabricated holes. The dust spraying device includes a hollow columnar outer shell that is closed, with one end located inside the prefabricated hole and the other end extending to the side of the closing plate away from the first cylinder. A powder loading port is provided on the upper side of the outer shell, and an air supply mechanism is provided inside the closed end of the outer shell. A spraying device capable of spraying a dust suppressant is further provided at one end of the second cylinder close to the first cylinder.

[0008] Multiple particulate sensors are arranged in the monitoring area model, which can monitor the dust concentration at different positions in different cross-sections, and the monitoring data is more scientific. In the dust-producing area model, dust is generated by the dust spraying device instead of explosion, which has high safety, controllable dust production, and good operability. At the same time, the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant can be further verified by using the spraying device, providing a preliminary basis for the on-site application of the dust suppressant. It can not only simulate the dust generation law and diffusion law of dust in the tunnel, but also conduct simulation tests on the dust suppressant, with multiple functions and wide applicability.

[0009] Specifically, the cross-section of the first cylinder is an arched structure. The particulate sensors include a first sensor and a fourth sensor respectively arranged at the top and bottom, and a second sensor and a third sensor respectively arranged on both sides. The horizontal distances from the first sensor and the fourth sensor to both sides of the first cylinder are the same. The second sensor and the third sensor are arranged at the springing position of the first cylinder, and the fourth sensor is supported by a support plate at a height of 1500 / C L from the bottom of the first cylinder, where C L is the geometric similarity scale.

[0010] The installation positions of the four dust sensors are reasonable, which can better obtain dust concentration information and have high monitoring accuracy. Moreover, when workers enter the tunnel, the breathing zone is approximately located 1500 mm above the ground, and the vertical positioning of the fourth sensor can more accurately simulate the dust concentration in the human breathing zone in the monitoring model.

[0011] Preferably, the closing plate matches the cross-section of the first cylinder and includes an arc-shaped plate body and a rectangular plate body arranged up and down. During the simulation test, the prefabricated holes can be arranged on the arc-shaped plate body and / or the rectangular plate body according to the actual situation, with high flexibility.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the rectangular plate body is provided with x columns and y rows of prefabricated holes;

[0013] where x > 1 and y > 1;

[0014] The rectangular plate body includes two opposite side edges and a bottom edge provided between the lower ends of the two side edges. Taking the intersection point of the left side edge and the bottom edge as the origin, the center coordinates (x k , y m ) of the prefabricated hole in the m-th row from bottom to top and the k-th column from left to right are as follows:

[0015]

[0016]

[0017] n = m × k

[0018] In the formula:

[0019] mod is the remainder function, k is the number of columns, l is the length of the bottom edge, h is the height of the side edge, and m is the number of rows. Before conducting the simulation test, the number of prefabricated holes can be determined according to the working conditions, and then a number of prefabricated holes can be positioned according to the above rules, and the dust injection device can be connected. This can not only ensure the uniformity of the prefabricated holes, but also facilitate the adjustment of the number of prefabricated holes and the dust injection device, is convenient for manufacturing and replacement, has high flexibility, and can simulate different numbers of blasting working conditions.

[0020] The first cylinder body and the second cylinder body are connected by a mortise and tenon structure; on one side of the first cylinder body facing the second cylinder body, there are several L-shaped tenons and square tenons, and on one side of the second cylinder body facing the first cylinder body, there are several L-shaped notches and square notches that can respectively cooperate with the L-shaped tenons and square tenons. The connection method adopts a mortise and tenon structure, which has high strength and good stability.

[0021] To enhance the detection range of the dust monitoring module, three dust monitoring modules are equidistantly arranged along the front-back direction of the first cylinder body.

[0022] Specifically for the spray device, the spray device includes a liquid storage bottle and a spray head connected to the liquid storage bottle through a water outlet pipe; several reserved holes are provided along the front-back direction on the upper sides of the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body, and the spray head can be inserted into the reserved holes. The position of the spray head can be flexibly adjusted for the simulation test to obtain the best position of the spray device, and the reserved holes are set to be insertable only in one direction to prevent dust from spraying out of the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body through the other through holes during the simulated blasting.

[0023] Preferably, one side of the liquid storage bottle is provided with a Z-shaped tenon, and a notch that can be mortised and tenoned with the tenon is provided on the outer side of the second cylinder body. The liquid storage bottle is mortised and tenoned with the second cylinder body, which is convenient for taking the liquid storage bottle while ensuring the installation stability.

[0024] The present invention also provides a test method, including the following steps:

[0025] S1. Determine the model parameters;

[0026] Determine the geometric similarity ratio and determine the size parameters of the monitoring area model and the dust generation area model according to the on-site working conditions;

[0027] S2. Fabricate the monitoring area model;

[0028] According to the size parameters, complete the fabrication of the first cylinder and the installation of the dust monitoring module;

[0029] S3. Fabricate the dust generation area model;

[0030] According to the size parameters, complete the fabrication of the second cylinder and the installation of the dust injection device and the spray device;

[0031] S4. Assemble the model;

[0032] Join and fix the monitoring area model and the dust generation area model;

[0033] S5. Conduct simulation tests;

[0034] Determine the dust generation amount according to the test requirements and complete the simulation experiment.

[0035] Furthermore, in step S5, the simulation experiment specifically includes the following types:

[0036] A. Dust generation law test;

[0037] SA1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust injection device. Turn on the dust injection devices in sequence and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor A1 ;

[0038] SA2. Refill the dust, turn on all the dust injection devices simultaneously, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor A2 ;

[0039] SA3. Compare and analyze W A1 and W A2 to obtain the dust generation law under different blasting conditions;

[0040] B. Optimal position test of the nozzle;

[0041] SB1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust injection device. Add clear water to the liquid storage bottle, insert the nozzle into one of the reserved holes, turn on the dust injection device and the spray device, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor B1 ;

[0042] SB2. Change the insertion position of the nozzle and conduct the test again, monitoring the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor B2 ;

[0043] SB3. Comparative analysis of W B1 and W B2 to obtain the optimal position of the nozzle;

[0044] C. Optimal concentration test of the dust suppressant;

[0045] SC1. Prepare dust suppressant solutions with different concentrations, weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust spraying device, add a dust suppressant solution with a certain concentration to the liquid storage bottle, turn on the dust spraying device and the spraying device, and monitor the dust concentration data at each particulate matter sensor W C1 ;

[0046] SC2. Replace the dust suppressant solution with different concentrations and conduct the test again, monitoring the dust concentration data at each particulate matter sensor W C2 ;

[0047] SC3. Comparative analysis of W C1 and W C2 to obtain the optimal concentration of the dust suppressant.

[0048] D. Dust suppressant effect test;

[0049] SD1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust spraying device, add clear water to the liquid storage bottle, turn on the dust spraying device and the spraying device, and monitor the dust concentration data at each particulate matter sensor W D1 ;

[0050] SD2. Replace the clear water in the liquid storage bottle with the dust suppressant and conduct the test again, monitoring the dust concentration data at each particulate matter sensor W D2 ;

[0051] SD3. Comparative analysis of W D1 and W D2 to judge the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant.

[0052] The combined use of the dust spraying device and the spraying device can not only simulate the dust generation during tunnel blasting, but also further verify the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant, providing a preliminary basis for the on-site application of the dust suppressant.

[0053] As a preferred implementation manner, both the first cylinder and the second cylinder are made of organic glass plates and processed by a hot bending process, having relatively high strength.

[0054] Through the above design, the beneficial effects of the similar test model and method for simulating dust generation during tunnel blasting in the present invention are as follows:

[0055] (1) The similarity test model (a similarity test model for simulating dust generation during tunnel blasting as described above) has high strength and good stability. The material of the model is selected as plexiglass with relatively high strength, and the connection method adopts the mortise and tenon structure, which has high strength and good stability.

[0056] (2) High monitoring accuracy; the particulate matter sensors are evenly distributed, with high monitoring accuracy, and can monitor the dust concentration at different cross-sections, making the monitoring data more scientific.

[0057] (3) Wide test applicability; it can conduct simulation tests under various working conditions and different objectives. By using the spray device, the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant can be further verified, providing a preliminary basis for the on-site application of the dust suppressant.

[0058] (4) Small test workload; the combined use of the closed plate and the dust injection device is adopted to replace the traditional filling of similar materials for the surrounding rock. Without affecting the test error, the test workload is effectively reduced and the test efficiency is improved.

[0059] (5) High test safety; the dust injection device is used to generate dust instead of dust generation during blasting, which has high safety, and the dust generation amount is controllable and the operability is good. Description of the Drawings

[0060] In the drawings:

[0061] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a similarity test model for simulating dust generation during tunnel blasting according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a test method according to the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the monitoring area model in the embodiment;

[0064] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the support plate in the embodiment;

[0065] Figure 5 is a front view of the dust generation area model in the embodiment;

[0066] Figure 6 is a rear view of the dust generation area model in the embodiment;

[0067] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the second cylinder in the embodiment;

[0068] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the spray device in the embodiment;

[0069] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the Z-shaped tenon in the embodiment;

[0070] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the funnel in the embodiment

[0071] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the simulation framework in the embodiment

[0072] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the simulation gun barrel in the embodiment

[0073] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the dust spraying device in the embodiment

[0074] The components represented by the reference numerals in the figure are as follows

[0075] 1. Monitoring area model; 11. First cylinder; 12. Particulate matter sensor; 13. Support plate; 14. L-shaped tenon; 15. Square tenon; 2. Dust generation area model; 21. Second cylinder; 211. Reserved hole; 212. Z-shaped notch; 22. L-shaped notch; 23. Square notch; 24. Spraying device; 241. Nozzle; 242. Water pipe; 243. Liquid storage bottle; 244. Funnel; 2441. Water inlet pipe; 2442. Switch; 2443. Water inlet; 245. Z-shaped tenon; 25. Simulation framework; 251. Enclosure plate; 252. Prefabricated hole; 26. Simulation gun barrel; 27. Dust spraying device; 271. Outer shell; 272. Sealing cover; 273. Small motor; 274. Fan Detailed implementation manners

[0076] Embodiment

[0077] Refer to Figure 1 , this embodiment first provides a similarity test model capable of simulating dust generation during tunnel blasting, including a monitoring area model 1 and a dust generation area model 2 arranged front and back

[0078] Refer to Figure 3 , the monitoring area model 1 includes a horizontally arranged first cylinder 11 and a dust monitoring module arranged inside it. The dust monitoring module includes at least four particulate matter sensors 12 arranged on the top, bottom and two side walls of the first cylinder 11. By arranging a plurality of particulate matter sensors 12 in the monitoring area model 1, the dust concentration at different positions of different cross-sections can be monitored, and the monitoring data is more scientific

[0079] To enhance the detection range of the dust monitoring module, three dust monitoring modules are equidistantly arranged along the front and back directions of the first cylinder 11

[0080] Specifically, the cross-section of the first cylinder 11 is an arch structure; the particulate matter sensor 12 includes a first sensor and a fourth sensor respectively arranged at the top and bottom, and a second sensor and a third sensor respectively arranged on both sides; the horizontal distances from the first sensor and the fourth sensor to both sides of the first cylinder 11 are the same, the second sensor and the third sensor are arranged at the arch position of the first cylinder 11, and the fourth sensor is erected by a support plate 13 at a height of 1500 / C L from the bottom of the first cylinder 11, where C L is the geometric similarity scale.

[0081] See Figure 4 , in specific implementation, the fourth sensor is arranged on the support plate 13, and the support plate 13 is arranged at intervals of a / 2 at the bottom of the first cylinder 11 by pasting double-sided tape, where a is the length of the monitoring area model 1. The support plate 13 is set to be L-shaped, with a length of 150 mm, a width of 100 mm, a height of 200 mm, and a thickness of 10 mm.

[0082] The installation positions of the four dust sensors are reasonable, which can better obtain dust concentration information, have high monitoring accuracy, and when workers enter the tunnel, the breathing zone is approximately located 1500 mm from the ground. The vertical positioning of the fourth sensor can more accurately simulate the dust concentration in the human breathing zone in the monitoring model.

[0083] See Figures 5 to 7 , the dust generation area model 2 includes a second cylinder 21 that is horizontally placed and connected to the rear end of the first cylinder 11 at the front end. The first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21 are connected by a mortise and tenon structure. On one side of the first cylinder 11 facing the second cylinder 21, there are several L-shaped tenons 14 and square tenons 15, and the tenons extend 50 mm in the direction of the second cylinder 21 for convenient connection; on one side of the second cylinder 21 facing the first cylinder 11, there are several L-shaped notches 22 and square notches 23 that can cooperate with the L-shaped tenons 14 and square tenons 15 respectively. The connection method adopts a mortise and tenon structure, which has high strength and good stability.

[0084] A dust generation mechanism is arranged inside the second cylinder 21. The dust generation mechanism includes a closing plate 251 arranged in the second cylinder 21, and several dust spraying devices 27 are connected to the closing plate 251. Dust is generated in the dust generation area model 2 by the dust spraying devices 27 instead of generating dust by explosion, which has high safety, and the dust generation amount is controllable and the operability is good.

[0085] See Figure 13, a prefabricated hole 252 is provided on the closing plate 251. Preferably, the closing plate 251 matches the cross-section of the first cylinder 11 and includes an arc-shaped plate body and a rectangular plate body arranged vertically. During the simulation test, the prefabricated hole 252 can be arranged on the arc-shaped plate body and / or the rectangular plate body according to the actual situation, with high flexibility.

[0086] As a preferred embodiment, x columns and y rows of prefabricated holes 252 are provided on the rectangular plate body;

[0087] wherein, x > 1, y > 1;

[0088] The rectangular plate body includes two opposite side edges and a bottom edge arranged between the lower ends of the two side edges. Taking the intersection point of the left side edge and the bottom edge as the origin, the center coordinates (x k , y m ) of the prefabricated hole 252 in the m-th row from bottom to top and the k-th column from left to right are:

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] n = m × k

[0092] In the formula:

[0093] mod is the remainder function, k is the number of columns, l is the length of the bottom edge, h is the height of the side edge, and m is the number of rows. Before the simulation test, the number of prefabricated holes 252 can be determined according to the working conditions, and then a number of prefabricated holes 252 are positioned according to the above rules, and the dust spraying device 27 is connected. This can not only ensure the uniformity of the prefabricated holes 252, but also facilitate the adjustment of the number of prefabricated holes 252 and the dust spraying device 27, making it convenient for manufacturing and replacement, with high flexibility and capable of simulating different numbers of blasting working conditions.

[0094] In this embodiment, the dust spraying device 27 includes a hollow columnar outer shell 271 with one end located in the prefabricated hole 252 and the other end extending to the side of the closing plate 251 away from the first cylinder 11 and being in a closed shape. A powder loading port is provided on the upper side of the outer shell 271, and a air supply mechanism is arranged inside the closed end of the outer shell 271.

[0095] In specific implementation, a sealing cover 272 is provided on the powder loading port. The air supply mechanism includes a small motor 273 and a fan 274. The outer shell 271 is made of metal. The metal outer shell 271 is set in a T shape, including an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe arranged perpendicular to each other. The powder loading port is arranged above the inlet pipe. The diameter of the inlet pipe is 50 mm and the length is 50 mm. The diameter of the outlet pipe is 45 mm and the length is 50 mm, which can be appropriately lengthened according to the working conditions. The small motor 273 and the fan 274 are connected and placed inside the outer shell 271. When in use, open the sealing cover 272, add an appropriate amount of dust according to the experimental requirements, then tighten the sealing cover 272, turn on the power of the motor, and spray the dust into the model.

[0096] As a preferred implementation manner, refer to Figure 11 、 Figure 12 , to enhance the stability of the dust spraying device 27 and simulate the depth of tunnel blast holes, a simulation frame 25 is arranged along the length direction inside the second cylinder body 21. The simulation frame 25 includes three closed plates 251 arranged in parallel. The closed plates 251 are made of organic glass plates. The three closed plates 251 are arranged at intervals of (b - 200) / 2, where b is the length of the dust generation area model 2. A number of simulation gun barrels 26 are arranged on the simulation frame 25. One end of the simulation gun barrel 26 sequentially passes through the prefabricated holes 252 at the same position on the three closed plates 251 from back to front, and the other end is connected to the dust spraying device 27. Using the simulation frame 25 composed of organic glass plates to replace the traditional filling surrounding rock similar material can effectively reduce the test workload and improve the test efficiency without affecting the test error.

[0097] As a further preferred solution, the distance between the frontmost closed plate 251 in the simulation frame 25 and the front end of the second cylinder body 21 is adjustable to simulate tunnels with different depths. At the same time, the length of the outlet pipe of the dust spraying device 27 is adjustable, and the distance between its powder outlet and the front end of the simulation gun barrel 26 can be flexibly adjusted to simulate different blast hole depths.

[0098] A spray device 24 capable of spraying dust suppressant is further provided at one end of the second cylinder body 21 close to the first cylinder body 11. By using the spray device 24, the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant can be further verified, providing a preliminary basis for the on-site application of the dust suppressant. It can not only simulate the dust generation law and diffusion law of dust in the tunnel, but also conduct simulation tests on the dust suppressant, with multiple functions and wide applicability.

[0099] Refer to Figure 8 、 Figure 9, specifically for the spray device 24, the spray device 24 includes a liquid storage bottle 243 and a spray head 241 communicated with the liquid storage bottle 243 through a water outlet pipe 242; a plurality of reserved holes 211 are provided on the upper sides of the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21 in the front-back direction, the aperture of which is 25 mm, and the spray head 241 can be inserted into the reserved holes 211. Five reserved holes 211 are equidistantly arranged in sequence from near to far from the dust outlet, which can flexibly adjust the position of the spray head 241 for simulation tests to obtain the best position of the spray device 24. Moreover, the reserved holes 211 are set to be only insertable in one direction to prevent dust from spraying out of the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21 through the other through holes during simulated blasting.

[0100] Preferably, referring to Figure 7 , Figure 8 , a Z-shaped tenon is provided on one side of the liquid storage bottle 243, and a Z-shaped groove 212 capable of being tenon-connected with the tenon is provided on the outer side of the second cylinder 21. The size (width * height * thickness) of the Z-shaped groove 212 is 150 * 100 * 50 mm. The liquid storage bottle 243 is tenon-connected to the second cylinder 21, which is convenient for taking the liquid storage bottle 243 while ensuring the installation stability.

[0101] The shape of the spray head 241 is set as a truncated cone shape with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part, which is used to spray droplets into the similarity test model. The diameter of its larger end is 30 mm, the diameter of its smaller end is 20 mm, the overall height is 50 mm, the diameter of the water outlet pipe 242 is 20 mm, and the length is about 300 mm, which can be appropriately lengthened.

[0102] Referring to Figure 10 , in specific implementation, the spray device 24 further includes a funnel 244. The funnel 244 includes a 90-degree bent water inlet pipe 2441, a switch 2442 and a water inlet 2443. The length of the water inlet pipe 2441 is 100 mm. One end of it is connected 50 mm below the bottle mouth of the liquid storage bottle 243, and the other end is provided with a water inlet 2443. A switch 2442 is also provided between the water inlet pipe 2441 and the water inlet 2443. The shape of the water inlet 2443 is in the shape of a funnel 244, which is convenient for adding liquid into the liquid storage bottle 243.

[0103] Referring to Figure 2 , the present invention also provides a test method, which includes the following steps:

[0104] S1. Determine the model parameters;

[0105] Determine the geometric similarity ratio, and determine the size parameters of the monitoring area model 1 and the dust generation area model 2 according to the on-site working conditions;

[0106] The formula for the geometric similarity ratio scale is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] Where: C L is the geometric similarity scale; L P is the prototype length; L M is the model length, and the geometric similarity scale is taken as 10.

[0109] S2. Fabricate the monitoring area model 1;

[0110] According to the dimensional parameters, complete the fabrication of the first cylinder 11 and the installation of the dust monitoring module;

[0111] S3. Fabricate the dust generation area model 2;

[0112] S3.1. According to the dimensional parameters, complete the fabrication of the second cylinder 21 and the installation of the dust injection device 27 and the spray device 24;

[0113] S3.2. At a distance of 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, and 140 mm from the dust outlet above the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21, set five reserved holes 211 at equal intervals;

[0114] S4. Assemble the model;

[0115] Insert the L-shaped tenon 14 and the square tenon 15 at the rear end of the monitoring area model 1 into the L-shaped notch 22 and the square notch 23 at the front end of the dust generation area model 2 to complete the splicing and fixing of the monitoring area model 1 and the dust generation area model 2;

[0116] S5. Conduct a simulation test;

[0117] Determine the dust generation amount according to the test requirements and complete the simulation experiment.

[0118] Furthermore, in step S5, the simulation experiment specifically includes the following types:

[0119] A. Dust generation law test;

[0120] SA1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust injection device 27. Turn on the dust injection devices 27 in sequence and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12 A1 ;

[0121] SA2. Reload the dust and turn on all the dust injection devices 27 simultaneously. Monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12 A2 ;

[0122] SA3. Compare and analyze W A1 and W A2 , and obtain the dust generation law under different blasting conditions;

[0123] B. Optimal Position Test of Nozzle 241;

[0124] SB1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust spraying device 27. Add clear water to the liquid storage bottle 243. Insert the nozzle 241 into one of the reserved holes 211. Turn on the dust spraying device 27 and the spraying device 24, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. B1 ;

[0125] SB2. Replace the insertion position of the nozzle 241 and conduct the test again. Monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. B2 ;

[0126] SB3. Compare and analyze W B1 and W B2 to obtain the optimal position of the nozzle 241.

[0127] C. Optimal Concentration Test of Dust Suppressant;

[0128] SC1. Prepare dust suppressant solutions with different concentrations. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust spraying device 27. Add a dust suppressant solution with a certain concentration to the liquid storage bottle 243. Turn on the dust spraying device 27 and the spraying device 24, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. C1 ;

[0129] SC2. Replace the dust suppressant solutions with different concentrations and conduct the test again. Monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. C2 ;

[0130] SC3. Compare and analyze W C1 and W C2 to obtain the optimal concentration of the dust suppressant.

[0131] D. Dust Suppressant Effect Test;

[0132] SD1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust spraying device 27. Add clear water to the liquid storage bottle 243. Turn on the dust spraying device 27 and the spraying device 24, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. D1 ;

[0133] SD2. Replace the clear water in the liquid storage bottle 243 with a dust suppressant and conduct the test again. Monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. D2 ;

[0134] SD3. Compare and analyze W D1 and W D2 to judge the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant.

[0135] The dust spraying device 27 and the spraying device 24 are used in combination, which can not only simulate the dust generation during tunnel blasting, but also further verify the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant, providing a preliminary basis for the on-site application of the dust suppressant.

[0136] As a preferred embodiment, both the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21 are made of plexiglass and processed by a hot bending process, having high strength.

[0137] The similar test model and method for simulating the dust generation during tunnel blasting in the present invention have high strength and good stability; the material of the model is selected as plexiglass with relatively high strength, and the connection method adopts a mortise and tenon structure, having high strength and good stability. The particulate matter sensors 12 are evenly distributed, having high monitoring accuracy, and can monitor the dust concentration on different cross-sections, and the monitoring data is more scientific. It can carry out simulation tests under various working conditions and different targets. By using the spraying device 24, the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant can be further verified, providing a preliminary basis for the on-site application of the dust suppressant. The combination of the closing plate 251 and the dust spraying device 27 is used to replace the traditional filling of surrounding rock similar materials, effectively reducing the test workload and improving the test efficiency without affecting the test error. The test has high safety; using the dust spraying device 27 to generate dust instead of blasting to generate dust has high safety, and the dust generation amount is controllable and the operability is good.

Claims

1. A similar test model capable of simulating tunnel explosion dust, characterized in that: It includes a monitoring area model (1) and a dust-generating area model (2) set before and after; The monitoring area model (1) comprises a horizontally placed first cylinder (11) and a dust monitoring module arranged inside the first cylinder, wherein the dust monitoring module comprises at least four particle sensors (12) arranged on the top, bottom and two side walls of the first cylinder (11); The dust-generating area model (2) comprises a second cylinder (21) which is placed horizontally and has a front end connected to a rear end of the first cylinder (11); a dust generating mechanism is provided inside the second cylinder (21); The dust generating mechanism comprises a closing plate (251) arranged in the second cylinder (21), and a plurality of dust injection devices (27) are connected to the closing plate (251); The closing plate (251) is provided with a prefabricated hole (252), the dust injection device (27) comprises a closed hollow cylindrical shell (271) with one end located in the prefabricated hole (252) and the other end extending to the closing plate (251) away from the first cylinder (11), the upper side of the shell (271) is provided with a powder loading port, and an air supply mechanism is provided inside the closed end of the shell (271); The second cylinder (21) is also provided with a spray device (24) capable of spraying dust suppressant at one end close to the first cylinder (11).

2. A similar test model capable of simulating tunnel blasting dust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the first cylinder (11) is an arched structure; The particle sensor (12) comprises a first sensor and a fourth sensor respectively arranged at the top and the bottom, and a second sensor and a third sensor respectively arranged at both sides; The first sensor and the fourth sensor are at the same horizontal distance from both sides of the first cylinder (11); the second sensor and the third sensor are arranged at the arched position of the first cylinder (11); and the fourth sensor is mounted at a distance of 1500°C from the bottom of the first cylinder (11) via a support plate (13). L at the height of Among them, C L It is a geometric similarity scale.

3. A similar test model capable of simulating tunnel explosion dust according to claim 2, characterized in that: The closing plate (251) matches the cross section of the first cylinder (11), and comprises an arc-shaped plate body and a rectangular plate body arranged up and down.

4. A similar test model capable of simulating tunnel explosion dust according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rectangular plate body is provided with x columns and y rows of prefabricated holes (252); Among them, x>1, y>1; The rectangular plate comprises two oppositely disposed side edges and a bottom edge disposed between the lower ends of the two side edges. The center coordinates (x k ,y m )for: n=m×k Where: mod is the remainder function, k is the number of columns, l is the length of the base, h is the height of the side, and m is the number of rows.

5. A similarity test model capable of simulating tunnel blasting dust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cylinder (11) and the second cylinder (21) are connected via a mortise and tenon structure; A plurality of L-shaped tenons (14) and square tenons (15) are provided on one side of the first cylinder (11) facing the second cylinder (21), and a plurality of L-shaped notches (22) and square notches (23) capable of respectively cooperating with the L-shaped tenons (14) and the square tenons (15) are provided on one side of the second cylinder (21) facing the first cylinder (11).

6. A similarity test model capable of simulating tunnel blasting dust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust monitoring modules are arranged three at equal intervals along the front-to-back direction of the first cylinder (11).

7. A similarity test model capable of simulating tunnel blasting dust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray device (24) comprises a liquid storage bottle (243) and a spray head (241) connected to the liquid storage bottle (243) via a water outlet pipe (242); A plurality of reserved holes (211) are provided on the upper sides of the first cylinder (11) and the second cylinder (21) along the front-to-back direction, and the nozzle (241) can be inserted into the reserved holes (211).

8. A similar test model capable of simulating tunnel explosion dust according to claim 7, characterized in that: A Z-shaped tenon (245) is provided on one side of the liquid storage bottle (243), and a notch (212) capable of mortise-jointing with the tenon (245) is provided on the outer side of the second cylinder (21).

9. A test method, based on a similar test model capable of simulating tunnel blasting dust according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Determine model parameters; Determine the geometric similarity ratio, and determine the size parameters of the monitoring area model (1) and the dust generating area model (2) according to the on-site working conditions; S2. Create a monitoring area model (1); According to the size parameters, the first cylinder (11) is manufactured and the dust monitoring module is installed; S3, making a dust-generating area model (2); According to the size parameters, the second cylinder (21) is manufactured and the dust injection device (27) and the spray device (24) are installed; S4, assemble the model; The monitoring area model (1) and the dust-generating area model (2) are spliced ​​and fixed; S5. Conduct simulation test; Determine the dust generation according to the test requirements and complete the simulation experiment.

10. A test method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S5, the simulation experiment specifically includes the following types: A. Dust generation law test; SA1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust injection device (27). Turn on the dust injection devices (27) in sequence and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particle sensor (12). A1 ; SA2. Refill the dust, turn on all the dust injection devices (27) at the same time, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particle sensor (12). A2 ; SA3. Comparative Analysis A1 and W A2 , obtain the dust generation rules under different blasting conditions; B. Optimal position test of the nozzle (241); SB1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust injection device (27), add clean water to the liquid storage bottle (243), insert the nozzle (241) into one of the reserved holes (211), turn on the dust injection device (27) and the spray device (24), and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particle sensor (12). B1 ; SB2. Replace the nozzle (241) insertion position and conduct the test again to monitor the dust concentration data W at each particle sensor (12). B2 ; SB3. Comparative Analysis B1 and W B2 , obtaining the optimal position of the nozzle (241); C. Test on optimum concentration of dust suppressant; SC1. Prepare dust suppressant solutions of different concentrations, weigh appropriate amounts of dust and load them into each dust injection device (27), add a dust suppressant solution of a certain concentration into the liquid storage bottle (243), turn on the dust injection device (27) and the spray device (24), and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particle sensor (12). C1 ; SC2. Replace the dust suppressant solution with different concentrations and conduct the test again to monitor the dust concentration data W at each particle sensor (12). C2 ; SC3. Comparative Analysis C1 and W C2 , obtain the optimal concentration of dust suppressant; D. Dust suppressant effect test; SD1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and put it into each dust injection device (27), add clean water to the liquid storage bottle (243), turn on the dust injection device (27) and the spray device (24), and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particle sensor (12). D1 ; SD2. Replace the clean water in the liquid storage bottle (243) with dust suppressant, and conduct the test again to monitor the dust concentration data W at each particle sensor (12). D2 ; SD3. Comparative Analysis D1 and W D2 , judge the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant.

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