Carbon emission intensity evaluation method, evaluation model and system based on land gradient utilization, and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of land utilization change evaluation, in particular to a carbon emission intensity evaluation method, evaluation model and system based on land gradient utilization and a storage medium. The carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount of a to-be-evaluated region are calculated from a plurality of statistical dimensions, and the carbon emission condition of regional land gradient utilization under natural and human activity intervention is accurately reflected, so that a regional land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity model which better conforms to the vertical zone property and is obvious in altitude gradient property is constructed, and the evaluation accuracy of the regional land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity model is improved. The carbon emission effect is utilized in a clear land gradient mode; by measuring unit area carbon emission and unit area carbon absorption on different land types, the land gradient utilization carbon emission density of a to-be-evaluated area is calculated, land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity evaluation is carried out, and accurate and reasonable carbon emission intensity analysis is carried out on areas with obvious vertical zone performance and altitude gradient performance. The method aims at solving the problem of how to accurately evaluate the carbon emission intensity of areas with obvious vertical zone performance and altitude gradient performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of land use change evaluation, and particularly to a carbon emission intensity evaluation method, evaluation model, system and storage medium based on land gradient utilization. Background Art

[0002] Land use is the way and state of human utilization of the natural attributes of land, and is also the most direct manifestation of the interaction between humans and nature. As an embodiment of the surface height and shape, terrain drives the distribution of resources and human activities by acting on the migration of surface materials and energy conversion, and determines the formation of the national land space pattern. Clarifying the role of terrain in the development and utilization of national land space is the basis and prerequisite for analyzing the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization and its regulation.

[0003] Currently, most common calculation methods for carbon emission intensity are applied in areas with relatively flat terrain, such as plain areas. If applied in areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient, such as the central and eastern parts of Yunnan, where various land use types such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area and urban land are significantly affected by altitude, it is easy to ignore the change in the carbon emission intensity of land caused by the change in the spatial distribution of the area due to the vertical differentiation and / or gradient stratification of the land, which may lead to inaccurate evaluation of the carbon emission effect in the area. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a carbon emission intensity evaluation method based on land gradient utilization, aiming to solve the problem of how to accurately evaluate the carbon emission intensity in areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient.

[0005] To achieve the above object, a carbon emission intensity evaluation method based on land gradient utilization provided by this application includes:

[0006] Calculating the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption generated by the first land gradient utilization corresponding to each first sub-region divided by gradient level in the area to be evaluated, as well as the carbon emissions generated by the second land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption generated by the second land gradient utilization corresponding to the second sub-region divided by land use type, wherein the carbon emissions generated by land gradient utilization are calculated by the sum of carbon emissions from energy consumption, carbon emissions from industrial production processes, carbon emissions from waste treatment, agricultural carbon emissions, respiratory carbon emissions and water area carbon volatilization emissions, and the carbon absorption generated by land gradient utilization is calculated by the sum of carbon absorption by natural vegetation, carbon absorption by crops and carbon absorption by water area, and the gradient level is divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land;

[0007] Take the ratio between the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the area of the gradient region corresponding to the gradient level as the first carbon emission intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated, and take the ratio between the carbon absorption amount generated by the first land gradient utilization and the area of the gradient region corresponding to the gradient level as the first carbon absorption intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated; and, take the ratio between the carbon emissions generated by each second land gradient utilization and the land area corresponding to each land use type as the second carbon emission intensity corresponding to each land use type in the area to be evaluated, and take the ratio between the carbon absorption amount generated by each second land gradient utilization and the land area corresponding to each land use type as the second carbon absorption intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated;

[0008] Take the difference between the first carbon emission intensity and the first carbon absorption intensity as the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the first sub-region, and take the difference between the second carbon emission intensity and the second carbon absorption intensity as the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the second sub-region;

[0009] Determine the evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect of the area to be evaluated according to the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity and / or the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity.

[0010] Optionally, the sub-region includes the first sub-region and the second sub-region, the carbon absorption amount generated by the land gradient utilization includes the carbon absorption amount generated by the first land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption amount generated by the second land gradient utilization, and the calculation steps of the carbon absorption amount generated by the land gradient utilization include:

[0011] (1.1) Carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation

[0012] Obtain the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of the target type vegetation in the sub-region and the land area corresponding to the target type vegetation;

[0013] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation according to the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0014] Take the sum of the carbon absorption amounts of natural vegetation corresponding to each target type vegetation as the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation;

[0015] (1.2) Carbon absorption amount of crops

[0016] Obtain the biological yield of the target type crops in the sub-region, the carbon absorption rate of the target type crops for synthesizing unit organic matter, and the water content of the target type crops;

[0017] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crops based on the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0018] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorptions corresponding to each target type of crops as the crop carbon absorption;

[0019] (1.3) Water area carbon absorption

[0020] Obtain the carbon fixation rate per unit area of water area, the water area, the carbon absorption of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water area, and the total area of the sub-region in the sub-region;

[0021] Calculate the water area carbon absorption based on the carbon fixation rate per unit area of water area, the water area, the carbon absorption of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water area, and the total area of the sub-region.

[0022] Optionally, the sub-region includes the first sub-region and the second sub-region, the carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization include the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the carbon emissions generated by the second land gradient utilization, and the calculation steps of the carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization include:

[0023] (1.4) Carbon emissions from energy consumption

[0024] Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of energy in the sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the consumption, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor; and, obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the first sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor; Determine the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel;

[0025] (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes

[0026] Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of the target type of industrial products in the sub-region;

[0027] Calculate the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type of industrial products based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0028] Take the sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial products as the carbon emissions from industrial production processes;

[0029] (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment

[0030] Obtain the annual waste generation amount, the annual landfill treatment rate of waste, the annual methane recovery amount, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient of the target type of domestic waste landfill in the sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic waste landfill according to the annual waste generation amount, the annual landfill treatment rate of waste, the annual methane recovery amount, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient; and,

[0031] Obtain the incineration treatment amount, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the sub-region in the current year. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the sub-region according to the incineration treatment amount, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and,

[0032] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount in domestic sewage in the sub-region. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment according to the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and,

[0033] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount of the target industrial industry. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment according to the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0034] Determine the carbon emissions from waste treatment based on the sum of the methane emissions of each of the target type of domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste, the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial industries;

[0035] (1.7) Agricultural carbon emissions

[0036] Obtain the input amount of the target type of agricultural production materials and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials in the sub-region. Calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type of agricultural production materials according to the input amount and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials; and,

[0037] Obtain the rice planting area and the methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0038] Obtain the number of animals of the target type, the methane emission factor of enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor of manure management in the sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions of enteric fermentation and manure management of the animals of the target type according to the number, the methane emission factor of enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor of manure management;

[0039] Determine the agricultural carbon emissions based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target type rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions of enteric fermentation and manure management of the animals of each of the target type;

[0040] (1.8) Carbon emissions from respiration

[0041] Obtain the population number and the human respiration carbon emission factor in the sub-region, as well as the number of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor, and calculate the carbon emissions of human and livestock respiration in the sub-region according to the population number, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the number of each target type of livestock, and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor;

[0042] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions in the sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions of autotrophic respiration of plants and soil heterotrophic respiration of the target type of vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0043] Determine the carbon emissions from respiration based on the carbon emissions of human and livestock respiration, and the carbon emissions of autotrophic respiration of plants and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each of the target type of vegetation;

[0044] (1.9) Carbon emissions from water area volatilization

[0045] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the sub-region, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and calculate the carbon emissions from water area volatilization according to the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0046] Optionally, the step of calculating the topographic position index corresponding to each of the sub-regions specifically includes:

[0047] Select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as the target pixel in units of pixels, and take the average of the elevation values and slope values of all pixels within the target radius centered on the target pixel to obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel;

[0048] Calculate the topographic position index within the target radius based on the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and average slope value;

[0049]

[0050] wherein, T ij (R) is the local window topographic position index of the pixel at the i-th row and j-th column under the local window within the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered on the target pixel at the position (i, j), H ij and S ij are the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel respectively, is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

[0051] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides an evaluation model for the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization, and the evaluation model for the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization includes:

[0052] A carbon emission and absorption amount calculation module, configured to calculate the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption amount generated by the first land gradient utilization corresponding to each first sub-region divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated, as well as the carbon emissions generated by the second land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption amount generated by the second land gradient utilization corresponding to the second sub-region divided by land use types. Among them, the carbon emissions generated by land gradient utilization are calculated by the sum of carbon emissions from energy consumption, carbon emissions from industrial production processes, carbon emissions from waste treatment, agricultural carbon emissions, respiration carbon emissions, and water area carbon volatilization emissions, and the carbon absorption amount generated by land gradient utilization is calculated by the sum of carbon absorption by natural vegetation, carbon absorption by crops, and carbon absorption by water areas. The gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land;

[0053] A land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity calculation module, configured to use the ratio between the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the area of the gradient region corresponding to the gradient level as the first carbon emission intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated; and use the ratio between the carbon emissions generated by each second land gradient utilization and the land area corresponding to each land use type as the second carbon emission intensity corresponding to each land use type in the area to be evaluated; use the difference between the first carbon emission intensity and the first carbon absorption intensity as the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the first sub-region, and use the difference between the second carbon emission intensity and the second carbon absorption intensity as the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the second sub-region;

[0054] A carbon emission effect evaluation module, configured to determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated according to the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity and / or the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity.

[0055] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a computer system, the computer system comprising: a memory, a processor, and a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and when the carbon emission intensity evaluation program based on land gradient utilization is executed by the processor, the steps of the carbon emission intensity evaluation method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0056] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a carbon emission intensity evaluation program based on land gradient utilization is stored, and when the carbon emission intensity evaluation program based on land gradient utilization is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon emission intensity evaluation method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0057] The present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0058] 1. By calculating the carbon absorption amount in the area to be evaluated from three dimensions: the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension, and the water area dimension; and calculating the carbon emission amount in the area to be evaluated from six dimensions: the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agricultural dimension, the respiration dimension, and the water area carbon volatilization dimension, it accurately reflects the carbon emission status of regional land gradient utilization under the intervention of natural and human activities, and then constructs a carbon emission accounting model for regional land gradient utilization that is more in line with vertical zonality and obvious altitude gradient;

[0059] 2. Taking two dimensions of gradient level and land use type as research units to calculate the carbon emission intensity of the area to be evaluated, and analyzing and calculating the carbon emission amount generated by land gradient utilization in the area through multiple research units, so as to more comprehensively and accurately analyze the carbon emission effect of areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient;

[0060] 3. Using the topographic position index calculated by elevation value and slope value to divide the land area to be evaluated into multiple target sub-regions with different target gradients; after evaluating the two dimensions of the topographic gradient effect and land gradient utilization characteristics of each target sub-region, the evaluation result of the land change degree of the land area to be evaluated is comprehensively obtained, realizing the accurate evaluation of complex land areas, and providing an analysis basis for subsequent research and regulation of the carbon emission effect of complex land areas.

[0061] 4. Analyze the land use characteristics in the vertical direction by introducing gradient levels to divide the land area to be evaluated, and analyze the land use distribution and changes at different gradient levels. This not only considers the overall impact of terrain on land use, but also deeply analyzes the characteristics of the spatial distribution and spatial changes of different land use types under the conditions of land vertical differentiation and gradient stratification, so as to achieve an accurate assessment of the land area with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient. Description of the Drawings

[0062] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the first embodiment of the carbon emission intensity assessment method based on land gradient utilization of this application;

[0063] Figure 2 It is a schematic architecture diagram of the hardware operating environment of the computer system involved in the embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 3 It is a schematic architecture diagram of the carbon emission effect assessment model of land gradient utilization involved in the embodiment of this application;

[0065] The realization, functional characteristics and advantages of the purpose of this application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the drawings. Detailed Embodiment

[0066] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present disclosure can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0067] First Embodiment

[0068] Refer to Figure 1 , in this embodiment, the carbon emission intensity assessment method based on land gradient utilization includes the following steps:

[0069] Step S10: Calculate the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption generated by the first land gradient utilization corresponding to each first sub-region divided by the gradient level in the area to be evaluated, as well as the carbon emissions generated by the second land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption generated by the second land gradient utilization corresponding to the second sub-region divided by the land use type. Among them, the carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization are calculated by the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption, the carbon emissions from industrial production processes, the carbon emissions from waste treatment, the carbon emissions from agriculture, the carbon emissions from respiration, and the carbon emissions from water area volatilization. The carbon absorption generated by the land gradient utilization is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption by natural vegetation, the carbon absorption by crops, and the carbon absorption by water areas. The gradient level is divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land.

[0070] In this embodiment, the carbon emissions generated based on the land gradient utilization effect in the area to be evaluated are calculated from two different evaluation unit dimensions, namely, the gradient level dimension and the land use type dimension.

[0071] The gradient level dimension takes the areas with the same gradient level in the area to be evaluated as a sub-region, that is, the first sub-region. The gradient levels between different first sub-regions are different. The carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each first sub-region in the area to be evaluated are calculated separately with the first sub-region as the unit, and used as the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization.

[0072] It should be noted that the gradient level is divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land. The topographic position index (TPI) is an index used to describe topographic features. The traditional topographic position index is mainly obtained by comparing the elevation value of a grid point with the average elevation value of its surrounding area. However, the topographic position index proposed in this embodiment is calculated using the elevation value and slope value.

[0073] Optionally, the calculation steps of the topographic position index in this embodiment are as follows:

[0074] Step S11: Select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as the target pixel in units of pixels. Taking the target pixel as the center, average the elevation values and slope values of all pixels within the target radius to obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel.

[0075] Step S12: Based on the elevation value, slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and the average slope value, calculate the topographic position index within the target radius:

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, Tij (R) is the local window topographic position index of the pixel in the i-th row and j-th column under the local window within the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered on the target pixel at the position (i, j), H ij and S ij are respectively the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel, is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

[0078] Optionally, the elevation value and slope value in the embodiment can both be obtained through Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data.

[0079] In a specific embodiment, the initial DEM data downloaded from the Earth Science Data Website of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) can be selected. The spatial resolution is 12.5m × 12.5m (that is, the size of one pixel is 12.5m). Compared with the data of two types of products, SRTM and ASTER, its resolution and three-dimensional details are the best, which can meet the research requirements for higher-precision data analysis and mapping, show the three-dimensional characteristics of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration as much as possible, and improve the calculation accuracy. After preprocessing the downloaded initial DEM product data, such as projection, mosaicking, extraction, resampling, surface analysis, etc., the digital elevation model data containing elevation value and slope value required in this embodiment can be obtained.

[0080] Optionally, for how to divide the target sub-region based on the topographic position index T ij (R), with the same target radius range R as the unit, first divide the area to be evaluated into multiple sub-regions, and then apply the aforementioned topographic position index calculation formula to calculate the topographic position index T ij (R) of each sub-region, and determine the target gradient where each sub-region is located according to the numerical interval where the topographic position index corresponding to each sub-region is located.

[0081] In some specific embodiments, the area to be evaluated is the central Yunnan urban agglomeration in the east-central region of Yunnan Province, and its topographic position index is between 0 and 1.22. It is divided into 5 gradient levels: I (0 - 0.40), II (0.40 - 0.53), III (0.53 - 0.63), IV (0.63 - 0.74), and V (0.74 - 1.22). When the value of the topographic position index corresponding to the sub-region is within the above corresponding interval, it can be determined which target sub-interval corresponding to the target gradient level the sub-region belongs to.

[0082] For the land use type dimension, the land use type dimension takes the areas of the same type of land in the area to be evaluated as a sub-area, that is, the second sub-area, and calculates the carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each second sub-area in the area to be evaluated with the second sub-area as a unit, as the carbon emissions generated by the second land gradient utilization.

[0083] In this embodiment, the carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization are calculated as the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption, carbon emissions from industrial production processes, carbon emissions from waste treatment, agricultural carbon emissions, respiration carbon emissions, and water area carbon volatilization emissions.

[0084] For the definitions of different carbon emissions, they are as follows:

[0085] For the energy consumption dimension, the energy consumption dimension mainly includes energy consumption carbon emissions and biomass fuels. Energy consumption is an important emission source of greenhouse gases, and traditional energy consumption represented by fossil energy is the main source of carbon emissions. In some specific embodiments, 20 energy types such as raw coal, washed clean coal, coke, gasoline, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are the main accounting items. Biomass fuels have a wide range of sources, with the characteristics of high calorific value, low density, and easy combustion, and are the main energy sources in the daily life of rural residents.

[0086] For the industrial production process dimension, industrial production carbon emissions are an important emission source carried by construction land, including CO2 generated during industrial production processes and product use, as well as CO2 generated by the non-energy use of fossil energy carbon. It should be noted that since the carbon emissions from energy consumption have been separately accounted for in the energy consumption dimension, only the carbon emissions caused by industrial production processes are considered.

[0087] For the waste treatment dimension, the greenhouse gases released during the waste treatment process will have a negative impact on the environment and exacerbate global warming. Due to the complexity of the waste treatment process and the difficulty in obtaining data, rural domestic waste is usually discarded without treatment at will. Optionally, in some specific embodiments, referring to the calculation suggestions put forward in the "Guidelines for Compiling Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Trial)", the CH4 and CO2 generated by the treatment of urban domestic waste, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater are selected for accounting, and the carbon emissions of rural domestic waste are not considered.

[0088] For the agricultural dimension, agricultural carbon emissions come from carbon emissions caused by agricultural activities, including agricultural production carbon emissions, CH4 release from paddy fields, animal intestinal fermentation, and manure management. Optionally, in some specific embodiments, considering that the degree of agricultural mechanization in vertical gradient areas is not high and large-scale agriculture is not yet mature, and the statistics of farmland irrigation, plowing, and the use of agricultural machinery and equipment are incomplete, therefore, agricultural production carbon emissions are considered to be accounted for from the input and use of production materials such as pesticides, fertilizers, and agricultural films.

[0089] For the respiration dimension, the carbon emissions generated by respiration are part of the carbon emissions from the gradient utilization of land, and have a significant impact on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Optionally, the carbon emissions from the gradient utilization of land in the area to be evaluated can be accounted for from aspects such as human and animal respiration, autotrophic respiration of vegetation, and heterotrophic respiration of soil.

[0090] For the water area carbon volatilization dimension, water area carbon volatilization is a natural carbon release process. Optionally, water area carbon volatilization can cover river carbon volatilization and lake carbon volatilization.

[0091] In this embodiment, the carbon absorption amount generated by the gradient utilization of land is calculated from three dimensions: the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension, and the water area dimension. The calculated carbon absorption amount generated by the gradient utilization of land is the carbon absorption amount of the terrestrial ecosystem in the area to be evaluated.

[0092] For the natural vegetation dimension, the photosynthesis of natural vegetation is a process in which organisms use light energy for carbon fixation. When evaluating the carbon sink of terrestrial vegetation, the amount of CO2 absorbed by vegetation per unit time, that is, GPP, is usually used for characterization.

[0093] For the crop dimension, during the growth period of crops, they will capture CO2 in the air through photosynthesis, synthesize carbohydrates and release oxygen for their own growth and development. It is a mature and feasible method to calculate the carbon absorption amount using crop yields.

[0094] For the water area dimension, water area carbon absorption is an indispensable link in the natural carbon cycle. It mainly dissolves CO2 into water through two ways: water area carbon sequestration and wet and dry deposition, thus playing an important role in maintaining ecological balance.

[0095] Step S20: Take the ratio between the first carbon emissions generated by the gradient utilization of land and the area of the gradient region corresponding to the gradient level as the first carbon emission intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated, and take the ratio between the first carbon absorption amount generated by the gradient utilization of land and the area of the gradient region corresponding to the gradient level as the first carbon absorption intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated; and, take the ratio between each second carbon emissions generated by the gradient utilization of land and the land area corresponding to each land use type as the second carbon emission intensity corresponding to each land use type in the area to be evaluated, and take the ratio between each second carbon absorption amount generated by the gradient utilization of land and the land area corresponding to each land use type as the second carbon absorption intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated;

[0096] In this embodiment, after calculating the first and second carbon emissions generated by the gradient utilization of land, the carbon emission intensity in the area to be evaluated is also calculated from two dimensions: the gradient level and the land use type.

[0097] Carbon emission intensity is an important indicator to measure the quality of energy utilization and carbon emission efficiency, usually expressed by the carbon emissions per unit GDP, that is, the ratio of carbon emissions to gross domestic product. To quantitatively analyze the carbon emission effect brought by the change of land gradient utilization, based on the characteristics of mountain vertical zonality, the carbon emissions per unit area of different land use types are measured to measure the carbon emission density of land gradient utilization and reflect the impact of land gradient utilization on the regional carbon process.

[0098] Exemplarily, the calculation formula of the first carbon emission intensity is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula, CI1 is the first carbon emission intensity, CE i is the carbon emissions of gradient level i, A i is the gradient area corresponding to gradient level i, and n is the number of gradient levels.

[0101] Exemplarily, the calculation formula of the first carbon absorption intensity is as follows:

[0102]

[0103] In the formula, CSI1 is the first carbon absorption intensity, CS i is the carbon emissions of gradient level i, A i is the gradient area corresponding to gradient level i, and n is the number of gradient levels.

[0104] Exemplarily, the calculation formula of the second carbon emission intensity is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] In the formula, CI2 is the first carbon emission intensity, CE j is the carbon emissions of land use type j, A j is the land area corresponding to land use type j, and k is the number of land use types.

[0107] Exemplarily, the calculation formula of the second carbon absorption intensity is as follows:

[0108]

[0109] In the formula, CSI2 is the second carbon absorption intensity, CS j is the carbon absorption of land use type j, A j is the land area corresponding to land use type j, and k is the number of land use types.

[0110] Step S30: Take the difference between the first carbon emission intensity and the first carbon absorption intensity as the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the first sub-region, and take the difference between the second carbon emission intensity and the second carbon absorption intensity as the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the second sub-region;

[0111] In this embodiment, the difference between the carbon emissions calculated from the aforementioned 6 dimensions and the carbon absorption calculated from the aforementioned 3 dimensions is used as the carbon emission intensity generated by land gradient utilization in the sub-region, that is, the land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity. Among them, the land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity calculated by dividing the land by gradient level units is used as the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity, and the land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity calculated by dividing the land by land use type units is used as the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity.

[0112] Step S40: Determine the evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect of the area to be evaluated according to the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity and / or the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity.

[0113] In this embodiment, after calculating the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity and the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity, according to any one or more of them, the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect of the area to be evaluated is evaluated from multiple aspects, so as to generate an evaluation result of the carbon emission effect obtained by analyzing based on land gradient utilization.

[0114] It should be noted that the specific evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect is determined by the vertical zonality and altitude gradient in the area to be evaluated. The evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect referred to in this embodiment is a data set, and this data set can be displayed in the user interface in a visual form.

[0115] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the carbon emissions of the area to be evaluated are calculated from six dimensions: the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agricultural dimension, the respiration dimension, and the water area carbon volatilization dimension. And the carbon emission intensity of the area to be evaluated is evaluated from the perspective of gradient levels and / or land use types, constructing a carbon emission calculation model that is more suitable for areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradients; based on the carbon emission calculation amount of the carbon emission calculation model, the carbon emission intensity analysis of the area to be evaluated is calculated, realizing accurate and reasonable carbon emission intensity analysis of areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradients; in addition, the topographic position index calculated by the elevation value and the slope value is used to evaluate the terrain gradient effect and the land gradient utilization characteristics of each target sub-region in two dimensions, and then the land change degree evaluation result of the area of land to be evaluated is comprehensively obtained, realizing accurate evaluation of complex land areas, providing an analysis basis for subsequent research and regulation of the carbon emission effect of complex land areas; by introducing gradient levels to divide the area of land to be evaluated to analyze the land use characteristics in the vertical direction, analyzing the land use distribution and changes under different gradient levels, not only considering the overall impact of terrain on land use, but also deeply analyzing the characteristics of the spatial distribution and spatial changes of different land use types under the conditions of land vertical differentiation and gradient stratification, realizing accurate evaluation of land areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradients.

[0116] Second Embodiment

[0117] Based on the first embodiment, in this embodiment, for how to calculate the carbon absorption amount generated by land gradient utilization from three dimensions: the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension, and the water area dimension, the calculation methods for the above three dimensions are given in this embodiment.

[0118] It can be understood that the sub-regions in the following methods include the first sub-region and the second sub-region, and the corresponding parameters in the sub-regions take values according to different division methods.

[0119] (1.1) Carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation

[0120] Obtain the carbon sink capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the sub-region and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation;

[0121] According to the carbon sink capacity per unit area and the land area, calculate the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation;

[0122] Take the sum of the carbon absorption amounts of natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation as the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation;

[0123] Exemplarily, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0124]

[0125] Wherein, CS vegetation is the carbon absorption of natural vegetation, and GPP i is the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of vegetation of target type i, and A i is the land area corresponding to the vegetation of target type.

[0126] Furthermore, the value of GPP i can be referred to as shown in Table 1 below:

[0127] Table 1. Carbon Absorption Parameters of Natural Vegetation

[0128]

[0129] (1.2) Carbon Absorption of Crops

[0130] Obtain the biological yield of the target type of crops in the sub-region, the carbon absorption rate of the target type of crops for synthesizing unit organic matter, and the water content of the target type of crops;

[0131] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crops according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0132] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption corresponding to each target type of crops as the carbon absorption of the crops;

[0133] Exemplarily, the carbon absorption calculation formula of crops is as follows:

[0134]

[0135] Wherein, CS crops is the carbon absorption of crops; Y i is the biological yield of the target type of crops i, which is mainly obtained by dividing the economic yield (YE i ) of the corresponding crops by its economic coefficient (H i ); CSR i is the carbon absorption rate of the target type of crops i for synthesizing unit organic matter; P i is the water content of the target type of crops i.

[0136] Furthermore, the carbon absorption parameters of crops are shown in Table 2 below:

[0137] Table 2. Carbon Absorption Parameters of Crops

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] (1.3) Carbon Absorption of Water Areas

[0141] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water in the sub-region, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of wet and dry deposition per unit area of water, and the total area of the sub-region;

[0142] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of the water area based on the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of wet and dry deposition per unit area of water, and the total area of the sub-region.

[0143] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the carbon absorption amount of the water area is as follows:

[0144]

[0145] In the formula, CS water is the carbon absorption amount of the water area; WSR is the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water; A water is the water area; WDD is the carbon absorption of wet and dry deposition per unit area of water, and A is the total area of the sub-region.

[0146] Furthermore, the parameters of water area carbon absorption and carbon emission are shown in Table 3 below:

[0147] Table 3. Parameters of water area carbon absorption and carbon emission

[0148]

[0149] The third embodiment

[0150] Based on any one of the embodiments, in this embodiment, regarding how to calculate the carbon emissions from six dimensions: the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agricultural dimension, the respiration dimension, and the water area carbon volatilization dimension, the calculation methods for the above six dimensions are given in this embodiment:

[0151] (1.4) Carbon emissions from energy consumption

[0152] Obtain the consumption amount, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient, and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the consumption amount, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient, and the methane emission coefficient; and, obtain the consumption amount, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption amount, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor; Determine the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel;

[0153] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the carbon emissions from energy consumption is as follows:

[0154]

[0155] Wherein, CE energy is the carbon emission of energy consumption; E i is the consumption of the i-th type of target energy; NCV i is the net calorific value of the i-th type of target energy (also known as the average lower calorific value); EM i is the CO2 emission factor of the i-th type of target energy, which can be calculated by the product of the carbon content per unit calorific value and the carbon oxidation rate; CF i is the CH4 emission factor of the i-th type of target energy.

[0156] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission parameters for each energy type can refer to Table 4 below:

[0157] Table 4. Carbon Emission Parameters for Each Energy Type

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for the carbon emission of biomass fuel combustion is as follows:

[0161]

[0162] Wherein, CE biomass is the carbon emission of biomass fuel combustion; E i is the fuel consumption of the i-th type of target biomass fuel, including the consumption of straw (rice, wheat, corn, rapeseed, soybean, and cotton) and firewood; EM i and CF i are the CO2 and CH4 emission factors of the i-th type of target biomass fuel, and the specific values are shown in Table 5.

[0163] Furthermore, the calculation formulas for the direct combustion and open-air combustion consumption of straw as fuel are as follows:

[0164]

[0165] Wherein, E is the straw combustion consumption, P k is the yield of the k-th type of crop, N k is the straw-grain ratio of the k-th type of crop, R is the straw burning ratio, and η is the combustion rate. The specific parameters are shown in Table 5:

[0166] Table 5. Straw Consumption Parameters

[0167]

[0168] (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes

[0169] Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of industrial products of the target type in the sub-region;

[0170] Calculate the carbon emissions from industrial production of industrial products of the target type based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0171] Take the sum of the carbon emissions from industrial production corresponding to each industrial product of the target type as the carbon emissions from industrial production processes;

[0172] Exemplarily, the calculation formula for carbon emissions from industrial production is as follows:

[0173]

[0174] In the formula, CE manu is the sum of the carbon emissions from industrial production corresponding to each industrial product of the target type; Q i is the production volume of industrial product i of the target type; EF i is the CO2 emission factor of industrial product i of the target type;

[0175] Furthermore, the value of the carbon emission factor in the industrial production process can be referred to Table 6:

[0176] Table 6. Carbon emission factors in industrial production processes

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment

[0180] Obtain the annual waste generation volume, annual waste landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient of the target type domestic waste landfill in the sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type domestic waste landfill based on the annual waste generation volume, the annual waste landfill treatment rate, the annual methane recovery volume, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient; and,

[0181] Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the sub-region in the current year. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the sub-region based on the incineration treatment volume, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and,

[0182] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage of the sub-region, and calculate the total amount of methane generated by domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and,

[0183] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount of the degradable wastewater of the target industrial industry, and calculate the carbon emissions generated by industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter of the degradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0184] Determine the carbon emissions from waste treatment based on the sum of the methane emissions from each of the target type domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generation amount from domestic waste incineration, the total amount of methane generated by domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated by industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial industries;

[0185] Exemplarily, the calculation formula for the carbon emissions of municipal solid waste landfills is as follows:

[0186]

[0187] P0 = LCF × DOC × DOC f × L × 16 / 12

[0188] In the formula, is the CH4 emission of the carbon emissions from municipal solid waste landfills; W p is the amount of waste generated in the region in that year; W d is the waste landfill treatment rate; P0 is the CH4 generation potential of different types of municipal solid waste landfills (10 4 tCH4 / 10 4 t waste). LCF is the CH4 correction factor (ratio) of each type of municipal solid waste landfill; DOC is the degradable organic carbon; DOC f is the decomposition ratio of the degradable organic carbon (DOC); L is the proportion of CH4 in the gas generated by waste landfill; R is the CH4 recovery amount; OF is the oxidation factor.

[0189] It should be noted that the above calculation model for the carbon emissions of municipal solid waste landfills is constructed based on the characteristics of municipal solid waste in the European and American regions, and there will be errors in evaluating the CH4 emissions of waste landfills in China, so corrections are required. Therefore, in this embodiment, LCF is introduced as the CH4 correction factor of each type of municipal solid waste landfill.

[0190] Furthermore, the values of each parameter can be referred to in Table 7 below:

[0191] Table 7. CH4 Emission Parameters of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill

[0192]

[0193] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for municipal solid waste incineration is as follows:

[0194]

[0195] In the formula, is the carbon emission of municipal solid waste in the area to be evaluated in the current year; WI is the incineration treatment volume of municipal solid waste; WCP is the proportion of carbon content in municipal solid waste; MCP is the proportion of mineral carbon in total carbon in municipal solid waste; IE is the combustion efficiency of municipal solid waste; 44 / 12 is the conversion coefficient for converting carbon to CO2.

[0196] Furthermore, for the parameter values in the carbon emission calculation formula of municipal solid waste incineration, refer to Table 8 below:

[0197] Table 8. Carbon Emission Calculation Parameters for Domestic Sewage Treatment

[0198]

[0199] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for domestic sewage treatment is as follows:

[0200]

[0201] In the formula, is the methane emission of municipal solid waste in the area to be evaluated in the current year; BOD is the total amount of organic matter in domestic sewage; G is the maximum generation capacity of CH4; MCF is the CH4 correction factor; R is the CH4 recovery amount.

[0202] It should be noted that since only chemical oxygen demand (COD) data is statistically available in China, COD can be converted to BOD during calculation, and the conversion coefficient is 0.51.

[0203] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for industrial wastewater treatment is as follows:

[0204]

[0205] In the formula, is the total amount of CH4 released from industrial wastewater treatment in the area to be evaluated; i is the target industrial sector; COD i is the total amount of biodegradable organic matter in the wastewater of target industrial sector i; D i is the organic matter removed in the form of sludge by target industrial sector i.

[0206] Furthermore, the specific values are shown in Table 9.

[0207] Table 9. Carbon emission parameters for wastewater treatment

[0208]

[0209]

[0210] (1.7) Agricultural carbon emissions

[0211] Obtain the input amount of agricultural production materials of the target type and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials in the sub-region, and calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the agricultural production materials of the target type according to the input amount and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials; and,

[0212] Obtain the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the sub-region, and calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0213] Obtain the number of animals of the target type, the methane emission factor of enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor of manure management in the sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions of enteric fermentation and manure management of the animals of the target type according to the number, the methane emission factor of enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor of manure management;

[0214] Determine the agricultural carbon emissions based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions of enteric fermentation and manure management of each target type of animal;

[0215] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of agricultural production carbon emissions is:

[0216]

[0217] In the formula, CE agriculture is the agricultural production carbon emissions; Q i is the input amount of the target type of agricultural production material i; EF i is the carbon emission factor of the target type of agricultural production material i.

[0218] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission factors of agricultural production materials are shown in Table 10 below:

[0219] Table 10. Carbon emission factors of agricultural production materials

[0220]

[0221] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the methane emissions of the target type of rice is as follows:

[0222]

[0223] Wherein, CE paddy is the total CH4 emission from paddy fields; m is the type of rice cultivation; A m is the planting area of rice of target type m; EF i is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to rice of target type m.

[0224] Furthermore, for the value of the rice carbon emission factor, see Table 11 below:

[0225] Table 11. Values of Rice Carbon Emission Factors

[0226]

[0227] Exemplarily, the calculation expressions for the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management are as follows:

[0228]

[0229] Wherein, CE animal is the carbon emission from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management; N k is the number of animals of target type k; EF k1 is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the intestinal fermentation of animals of target type k, and EF k2 is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the manure management of animals of target type k;

[0230] Furthermore, the value of the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the manure management of animals of target type k can be as shown in Table 12 below:

[0231] Table 12. CH4 Emission Factors for Animal Intestinal Fermentation and Manure Management

[0232]

[0233] (1.8) Carbon Emissions from Respiration

[0234] Obtain the population quantity and the carbon emission factor of human respiration in the sub-region, as well as the quantity of each target type of livestock and the carbon emission factor of livestock respiration. Calculate the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration in the sub-region according to the population quantity, the carbon emission factor of human respiration, the quantity of each target type of livestock, and the carbon emission factor of livestock respiration;

[0235] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions in the sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration of the target type of vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0236] Determine the carbon emissions from respiration based on the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration and the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each target type of vegetation.

[0237] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration is:

[0238]

[0239] In the formula, CE breathe is the carbon emissions generated by human and livestock respiration in the area to be evaluated; N h is the population number, N ai is the number of livestock of target type i; EF h is the carbon emission factor of human respiration, EF ai is the carbon emission factor of livestock of target type i respiration.

[0240] Furthermore, the specific values are shown in Table 13 below:

[0241] Table 13. Carbon emission factors of human and livestock respiration

[0242]

[0243] (1.9) Carbon volatilization emissions from water areas

[0244] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the sub-region and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and calculate the carbon volatilization emissions from water areas based on the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0245] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for the carbon volatilization amount from water areas is as follows:

[0246]

[0247] In the formula, CE water is the carbon volatilization amount from water areas in the area to be evaluated; A i is the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be evaluated; EF is the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0248] Among them, the value of the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes can be referred to Table 3 in the second embodiment.

[0249] Fourth Embodiment

[0250] Based on any of the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity calculated based on the gradient level dimension is used to analyze the area to be evaluated.

[0251] Taking the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration in the central and eastern regions of Yunnan Province during 2000 - 2020 as the area to be evaluated, based on the constructed land use transfer matrix above, the area change of land use types in the land gradient use type transfer characteristics of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration is analyzed. In this example, the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration is divided into five gradient levels: I (0 - 0.40), II (0.40 - 0.53), III (0.53 - 0.63), IV (0.63 - 0.74), and V (0.74 - 1.22).

[0252] Refer to Table 14 below:

[0253] Table 14. Carbon emission intensity of land gradient use under different gradient levels in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration during 2000 - 2020 (t / km 2 )

[0254]

[0255] Note: Positive values represent carbon emission intensity, and negative values represent carbon absorption intensity.

[0256] The differences in carbon emission intensity of land gradient use under different gradient levels in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration during 2000 - 2020 are significant (Table 12). The carbon emission intensity under the I - level gradient has been continuously increasing, rising from 803.554 t / km in 2000 2 to 3475.132 t / km in 2020 2 , an increase of about 4.3 times, indicating that the carbon emission of land gradient use is closely related to human activities. As a densely populated area of human activities, the land use pattern and intensity at the I - level gradient are directly affected by human activities. The acceleration of urbanization and industrialization processes, the increase in population density, the increase in traffic flow, and the expansion of industrial production will all lead to the continuous increase in carbon emissions at this gradient level.

[0257] Compared with the I - level gradient, although the carbon emission intensity of the II - level gradient is lower, it still shows an increasing trend in the past 20 years, reaching 945.434 t / km in 2020 2 . The increase in carbon emission intensity at this gradient level is related to the growth of urban land, industrial and mining, and transportation construction land areas. With the accelerated promotion of new urbanization and industrialization in Yunnan, the demand for construction land has increased rapidly, and the contradiction between development and protection has become increasingly prominent. Under the background of the implementation of the policy of "protecting farmland in dam areas and building mountain towns", due to its relatively high development suitability, the II - level gradient has attracted more enterprises, factories, and population inflows, resulting in an increase in carbon emission intensity.

[0258] The carbon absorption of the III-V level gradients is significantly higher than the carbon emissions, indicating that the carbon sink effect of the land is prominent at the medium and high gradient levels. The carbon absorption intensities of the three gradient levels from 2000 to 2020 showed different trends of change. In 2000, the carbon absorption intensity of the III-level gradient was the highest, which was related to the better regional vegetation coverage and more reasonable land use patterns. The carbon absorption intensities of the IV-level and V-level gradients were relatively low, especially the V-level gradient was the lowest, mainly because the ecological land at this gradient level lacked management, resulting in a single forest structure and a decrease in tree species diversity, which in turn affected its carbon absorption capacity. In 2020, the carbon absorption intensities of the IV-level and V-level gradients increased significantly, indicating that the carbon sink capacity of the terrestrial ecosystem at this gradient level has been improved to a certain extent in the past 20 years. The increase in regional vegetation coverage, the implementation of ecological protection policies, and the optimization of land use structure are all important ways to enhance the carbon sink capacity. In contrast, the carbon absorption intensity of the III-level gradient decreased the most, indicating that the accelerated construction of "mountain towns" has led to an increase in the intensity of human activities, and the carbon sequestration capacity of the ecological land types at this gradient has weakened.

[0259] The Fifth Embodiment

[0260] Based on any of the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity calculated based on the land type dimension is used to analyze the area to be evaluated.

[0261] In this embodiment, the central Yunnan urban agglomeration in the central and eastern regions of Yunnan Province from 2000 to 2020 is also used as the area to be evaluated.

[0262] See Table 15 below:

[0263] Table 15. Carbon emission intensity of different land use types in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 (t / km 2 )

[0264]

[0265]

[0266] Note: Positive values are carbon emission intensities, and negative values are carbon absorption intensities.

[0267] Based on the above table, it can be seen that the number of land types with carbon source / sink properties in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 is relatively stable, but the carbon emission intensities of different land types vary significantly. Cultivated land, forest land, and water areas all show carbon sink properties after deducting the carbon emissions generated by their own respiration. Among them, the carbon absorption intensities of forest land and water areas showed a downward trend in the past 20 years, while the carbon absorption intensity of cultivated land fluctuated upward and was 504.720t / km in 2020 2For land types with carbon source properties such as grasslands, urban land, and rural settlements, their carbon emission intensities are continuously increasing. The carbon emission intensities of industrial and mining, and transportation construction land fluctuate and decline, but their emission intensities are still higher than those of other land types, reaching 112323.183 t / km in 2020. 2 This is closely related to the expansion of the transportation network in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration. In comparison, the absolute value of the carbon absorption intensity of carbon sink land types is lower than the carbon emission intensity of carbon source land types. This also indicates that the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is still in the stage of increasing carbon emissions and there is still a long way to go to achieve the carbon neutrality goal.

[0268] Sixth Embodiment

[0269] In this embodiment, based on the content in the third and fourth embodiments, the first carbon emission intensity calculated based on the gradient level dimension and the second carbon emission intensity calculated based on the land use type dimension are used to evaluate and analyze the area to be evaluated.

[0270] Referring to the content in Tables 13 and 14, it can be seen that the number of land types with carbon source / sink properties in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is relatively stable, but the carbon emission intensity varies with land types. As carbon sink land types, cultivated land, forest land, and water areas have different changes in carbon absorption intensity over 20 years. The carbon absorption intensities of forest land and water areas are continuously decreasing, while that of cultivated land fluctuates and increases. The carbon emission intensities of land types such as grasslands, urban land, and rural settlements continue to increase, and the carbon emission intensities of industrial and mining, and transportation construction land fluctuate and decline, but their emission intensities are still higher than those of other land types. The absolute value of the carbon absorption intensity of carbon sink land types is lower than the carbon emission intensity of carbon source land types. The carbon emission intensities of land gradient utilization under different gradient levels also vary significantly. The carbon emission intensity of the I-level gradient continues to increase. Although the carbon emission intensity of the II-level gradient is relatively low, it shows an increasing trend over 20 years. The III-V level gradients are mainly characterized by carbon sink effects.

[0271] As an implementation solution, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the hardware operating environment of the computer system involved in the embodiment solution of this application.

[0272] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the computer system may include: a processor 1001, such as a CPU, a memory 1005, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a communication bus 1002. Among them, the communication bus 1002 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen (Display), an input unit such as a keyboard (Keyboard). Optionally, the user interface 1003 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed RAM memory or a stable memory (non-volatile memory), such as a disk memory. Optionally, the memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0273] Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 2 the computer system architecture shown in does not constitute a limitation on the computer system, and may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0274] As Figure 2 shown, the memory 1005, as a storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a carbon emission intensity assessment program based on land gradient utilization. Among them, the operating system is a program for managing and controlling the hardware and software resources of the computer system, and runs the carbon emission intensity assessment program based on land gradient utilization and other software or programs.

[0275] In Figure 2 the computer system shown, the user interface 1003 is mainly used to connect to a terminal and communicate with the terminal for data; the network interface 1004 is mainly used to connect to a background server and communicate with the background server for data; the processor 1001 may be used to call the carbon emission intensity assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory 1005.

[0276] In this embodiment, the computer system includes: a memory 1005, a processor 1001, and a carbon emission intensity assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where:

[0277] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission intensity assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0278] Calculate the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption generated by the first land gradient utilization corresponding to each first sub-region divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated, as well as the carbon emissions generated by the second land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption generated by the second land gradient utilization corresponding to the second sub-region divided by land use types. Among them, the carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization are calculated as the sum of carbon emissions from energy consumption, carbon emissions from industrial production processes, carbon emissions from waste treatment, agricultural carbon emissions, carbon emissions from respiration, and carbon volatilization emissions from water areas. The carbon absorption generated by the land gradient utilization is calculated as the sum of carbon absorption by natural vegetation, carbon absorption by crops, and carbon absorption by water areas. The gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land.

[0279] Take the ratio between the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the gradient area corresponding to the gradient level as the first carbon emission intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated, and take the ratio between the carbon absorption generated by the first land gradient utilization and the gradient area corresponding to the gradient level as the first carbon absorption intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated; and, take the ratio between the carbon emissions generated by each second land gradient utilization and the land area corresponding to each land use type as the second carbon emission intensity corresponding to each land use type in the area to be evaluated, and take the ratio between the carbon absorption generated by each second land gradient utilization and the land area corresponding to each land use type as the second carbon absorption intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated.

[0280] Take the difference between the first carbon emission intensity and the first carbon absorption intensity as the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the first sub-region, and take the difference between the second carbon emission intensity and the second carbon absorption intensity as the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the second sub-region.

[0281] Determine the evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect of the area to be evaluated according to the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity and / or the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity.

[0282] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission intensity evaluation program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0283] (1.1) Carbon absorption by natural vegetation

[0284] Obtain the carbon sink capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the sub-region and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation.

[0285] Calculate the natural vegetation carbon absorption amount according to the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area.

[0286] Take the sum of the natural vegetation carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of vegetation as the natural vegetation carbon absorption amount.

[0287] (1.2) Carbon absorption amount of crops

[0288] Obtain the biological yield of the target type of crops in the sub-region, the carbon absorption rate for synthesizing unit organic matter of the target type of crops, and the water content of the target type of crops.

[0289] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption amount of the target type of crops according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content.

[0290] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crops as the carbon absorption amount of the crops.

[0291] (1.3) Carbon absorption amount of water areas

[0292] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water areas in the sub-region, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water areas, and the total area of the sub-region.

[0293] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of the water areas according to the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water areas, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water areas, and the total area of the sub-region.

[0294] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission intensity assessment program stored in the memory 1005 based on land gradient utilization, the following operations are performed:

[0295] (1.4) Carbon emissions from energy consumption

[0296] Obtain the consumption amount, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient, and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption according to the consumption amount, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient, and the methane emission coefficient; and, obtain the consumption amount, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the first sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions from the combustion of the target type of biomass fuel according to the consumption amount, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor; determine the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from the combustion of the target type of biomass fuel corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel.

[0297] (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes

[0298] Obtain the production volume of industrial products of the target type and the carbon dioxide emission factor in the sub-region;

[0299] Calculate the carbon emissions from industrial production of the industrial products of the target type according to the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0300] Take the sum of the carbon emissions from industrial production corresponding to each of the industrial products of the target type as the carbon emissions from the industrial production process;

[0301] (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment

[0302] Obtain the annual garbage generation volume, the annual landfill treatment rate of garbage, the annual methane recovery volume, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient of the target type of domestic waste landfill in the sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic waste landfill according to the annual garbage generation volume, the annual landfill treatment rate of garbage, the annual methane recovery volume, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient; and,

[0303] Obtain the incineration treatment volume of urban domestic waste, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient in the sub-region. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the sub-region according to the incineration treatment volume, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and,

[0304] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery volume in domestic sewage in the sub-region. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment according to the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery volume; and,

[0305] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater of the target industrial industry, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery volume. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment according to the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery volume;

[0306] Determine the carbon emissions from waste treatment according to the sum of the methane emissions of each of the target type of domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste, the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial industries;

[0307] (1.7) Carbon emissions from agriculture

[0308] Obtain the input amount of agricultural production materials of the target type in the sub-region and the carbon emission factors of agricultural production materials, and calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the agricultural production materials of the target type according to the input amount and the carbon emission factors of agricultural production materials; and,

[0309] Obtain the rice planting area of the target type of rice in the sub-region and the methane emission factor, and calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0310] Obtain the number of animals of the target type in the sub-region, the methane emission factor of enteric fermentation and the methane emission factor of manure management, and calculate the carbon emissions of enteric fermentation and manure management of the animals of the target type according to the number, the methane emission factor of enteric fermentation and the methane emission factor of manure management;

[0311] Determine the agricultural carbon emissions according to the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions of enteric fermentation and manure management of each target type of animal;

[0312] (1.8) Carbon emissions from respiration

[0313] Obtain the population number in the sub-region and the carbon emission factor of human respiration, as well as the number of each target type of livestock and the carbon emission factor of livestock respiration, and calculate the carbon emissions of human and livestock respiration in the sub-region according to the population number, the carbon emission factor of human respiration, the number of each target type of livestock and the carbon emission factor of livestock respiration;

[0314] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation in the sub-region, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions, and calculate the carbon emissions of autotrophic respiration of plants and soil heterotrophic respiration of the target type of vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0315] Determine the carbon emissions from respiration according to the carbon emissions of human and livestock respiration, and the carbon emissions of autotrophic respiration of plants and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each target type of vegetation;

[0316] (1.9) Carbon volatilization emissions from water areas

[0317] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the sub-region, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and calculate the carbon volatilization emissions from water areas according to the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0318] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission intensity assessment program stored in the memory 1005 based on land gradient utilization, the following operations are performed:

[0319] Select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as the target pixel in pixel units. Centered on the target pixel, the elevation values and slope values of all pixels within the target radius are averaged to obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel;

[0320] Based on the elevation value, slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and the average slope value, calculate the topographic position index within the target radius:

[0321]

[0322] In the formula, T ij (R) is the local window topographic position index of the pixel in the i-th row and j-th column under the local window of the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered on the target pixel at the (i, j) position, H ij and S ij are the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel respectively, is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

[0323] In addition, referring to Figure 3 , this embodiment also proposes a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model, and the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model includes:

[0324] A carbon emission calculation module 100, configured to calculate the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization corresponding to each first sub-region divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated, and the carbon emissions generated by the second land gradient utilization corresponding to the second sub-region divided by land use types, wherein the carbon emissions generated by land gradient utilization are calculated as the sum of carbon emissions from energy consumption, carbon emissions from industrial production processes, carbon emissions from waste treatment, agricultural carbon emissions, respiratory carbon emissions, and water area carbon volatilization emissions, and the gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land;

[0325] A carbon emission intensity calculation module 200, configured to use the ratio between the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the gradient area corresponding to the gradient level as the first carbon emission intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated; and use the ratio between the carbon emissions generated by each second land gradient utilization and the land area corresponding to each land use type as the second carbon emission intensity corresponding to each land use type in the area to be evaluated;

[0326] The carbon emission effect evaluation module 300 is configured to determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated according to the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity and / or the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity.

[0327] In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program includes program instructions, and the computer program can be stored in a storage medium, and the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium. The program instructions are executed by at least one processor in the computer system to implement the process steps of the embodiments of the above methods.

[0328] Therefore, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-readable storage medium stores a carbon emission intensity evaluation program based on land gradient utilization. When the carbon emission intensity evaluation program based on land gradient utilization is executed by a processor, it implements each step of the carbon emission intensity evaluation method based on land gradient utilization as described in the above embodiments.

[0329] Among them, the computer-readable storage medium may be a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc, etc., which are all computer-readable storage media that can store program codes.

[0330] It should be noted that since the storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application is the storage medium used to implement the methods of the embodiments of the present application, those skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and deformation of the storage medium based on the methods introduced in the embodiments of the present application, so it will not be elaborated here. Any storage medium used in the methods of the embodiments of the present application belongs to the scope to be protected by the present application.

[0331] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program codes.

[0332] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams can be implemented by computer program instructions, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams can also be implemented. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0333] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means, and the instruction means implements the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0334] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process. Thus, the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0335] It should be noted that in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of components or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding a component does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such components. This application can be implemented by means of hardware including several different components and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim listing several apparatuses, several of these apparatuses can be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc. does not denote any order. These words can be interpreted as names.

[0336] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications once they learn the basic creative concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0337] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalent technologies, this application is also intended to include these changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A carbon emission intensity assessment method based on land gradient utilization, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Calculate the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption generated by the first land gradient utilization corresponding to each first sub-area divided by gradient level in the area to be evaluated, as well as the carbon emissions generated by the second land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption generated by the second land gradient utilization corresponding to the second sub-area divided by land use type, wherein the carbon emissions generated by land gradient utilization are calculated by the sum of carbon emissions from energy consumption, carbon emissions from industrial production processes, carbon emissions from waste treatment, agricultural carbon emissions, carbon emissions from respiration and carbon volatilization emissions from water bodies, and the carbon absorption generated by land gradient utilization is calculated by the sum of carbon absorption by natural vegetation, carbon absorption by crops and carbon absorption by water bodies, and the gradient level is divided by the terrain position index calculated by the elevation value and slope value of the land; The ratio of the carbon emission generated by the first land gradient utilization to the gradient area corresponding to the gradient level is used as the first carbon emission intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated, and the ratio of the carbon absorption generated by the first land gradient utilization to the gradient area corresponding to the gradient level is used as the first carbon absorption intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated; and the ratio of the carbon emission generated by each second land gradient utilization to the land area corresponding to each land type is used as the second carbon emission intensity corresponding to each land type in the area to be evaluated, and the ratio of the carbon absorption generated by each second land gradient utilization to the land area corresponding to each land type is used as the second carbon absorption intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated; The difference between the first carbon emission intensity and the first carbon absorption intensity is used as the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the first sub-region, and the difference between the second carbon emission intensity and the second carbon absorption intensity is used as the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the second sub-region; According to the carbon emission intensity of the first land gradient utilization and / or the carbon emission intensity of the second land gradient utilization, the assessment result of the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization in the area to be assessed is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The sub-region includes the first sub-region and the second sub-region, the carbon absorption amount generated by the land gradient utilization includes the carbon absorption amount generated by the first land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption amount generated by the second land gradient utilization, and the calculation steps of the carbon absorption amount generated by the land gradient utilization include: (1.1) Carbon absorption by natural vegetation Obtaining the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the sub-region and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation; Calculate the carbon absorption of natural vegetation based on the carbon sink capacity per unit area and the land area; The sum of the carbon absorption amounts of the natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation is taken as the carbon absorption amount of the natural vegetation; (1.2) Carbon absorption by crops Obtaining the biological yield of the target type of crops in the sub-area, the carbon absorption rate of the target type of crops per unit organic matter, and the water content of the target type of crops; Calculating the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crop according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate and the water content; The sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crop is used as the crop carbon absorption amount; (1.3) Carbon absorption in water bodies Obtain the carbon fixation rate per unit area of ​​water, water area, dry and wet carbon absorption per unit area of ​​water, and total area of ​​the sub-region; The carbon absorption amount of the water area is calculated based on the carbon fixation rate per unit area of ​​the water area, the water area, the dry and wet deposition carbon absorption amount per unit area of ​​the water area and the total area of ​​the sub-area.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The sub-region includes the first sub-region and the second sub-region, the carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization include the carbon emissions generated by the first land gradient utilization and the carbon emissions generated by the second land gradient utilization, and the calculation steps of the carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization include: (1.4) Energy consumption and carbon emissions Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the sub-area, and calculate the energy consumption carbon emissions based on the consumption, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient and the methane emission coefficient; and obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the first sub-area, and calculate the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, the carbon dioxide emission factor and the methane emission factor; determine the energy consumption carbon emissions based on the sum of the energy consumption carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of energy and the sum of the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of biomass fuels; (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of target type industrial products in the sub-region; Calculate the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor; The sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product is taken as the carbon emissions of the industrial production process; (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment Obtain the amount of garbage generated in the current year, the landfill treatment rate in the current year, the amount of methane recovered in the current year, the oxidation factor and the methane production potential coefficient of the target type of domestic garbage landfill in the sub-region, and calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic garbage landfill based on the amount of garbage generated in the current year, the landfill treatment rate in the current year, the amount of methane recovered in the current year, the oxidation factor and the methane production potential coefficient; and, Obtain the incineration treatment amount, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the sub-region's urban domestic waste in the current year, and calculate the carbon dioxide generation from the incineration of domestic waste in the sub-region based on the incineration treatment amount, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and, Obtaining the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage of the sub-area, and calculating the total amount of methane generated by the domestic sewage treatment according to the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount; and, Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount, and calculate the carbon emissions generated by industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount; The waste treatment carbon emissions are determined based on the sum of the methane emissions from each of the target types of domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generated by the incineration of domestic waste, the total amount of methane generated by the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated by the industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial sectors; (1.7) Agricultural carbon emissions Obtaining the input amount of agricultural production materials of the target type and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials in the sub-region, and calculating the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the agricultural production materials of the target type according to the input amount and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials; and, Acquire the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the sub-region, and calculate the methane emission of the target type of rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and, Obtain the number of target type animals, enteric fermentation methane emission factor and manure management methane emission factor in the sub-area, and calculate the animal enteric fermentation and manure management carbon emissions of the target type animals based on the number, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor and the manure management methane emission factor; The agricultural carbon emissions are determined based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target types of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and feces management of each of the target types of animals; (1.8) Carbon emissions from respiration Obtaining the population and human respiration carbon emission factors in the sub-region, as well as the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiration carbon emission factors, and calculating the human and livestock respiration carbon emissions in the sub-region based on the population, the human respiration carbon emission factors, the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiration carbon emission factors; Obtaining the land area, autotrophic respiration per unit area of ​​the target type of vegetation and the carbon emission of heterotrophic respiration of the plant in the sub-region, and calculating the plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emission of the target type of vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration per unit area of ​​the plant and the carbon emission of heterotrophic respiration; The respiration carbon emissions are determined based on the carbon emissions from human and animal respiration, and the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each of the target vegetation types; (1.9) Carbon volatilization emissions from water bodies The area of ​​rivers or lakes in the sub-region and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of ​​rivers or lakes are obtained, and the carbon volatilization emissions in the water area are calculated according to the area of ​​rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of ​​rivers or lakes.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of dividing the first sub-area specifically includes: Taking the target radius range as a unit, dividing the area to be evaluated into multiple sub-areas; Calculating the terrain index corresponding to each of the sub-areas; Determining the target gradient of each sub-region according to the numerical range of the terrain index corresponding to each sub-region; The sub-regions in the same target gradient are determined as the first sub-regions composed of one or more sub-regions.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The step of calculating the terrain index corresponding to each of the sub-areas specifically includes: Select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as a target pixel in units of pixels, take the target pixel as the center, take the average of the elevation values ​​and slope values ​​of all pixels within the target radius, and obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel; Based on the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and the average slope value, the terrain index within the target radius is calculated: Where, T ij (R) is the local window topographic index of the pixel in the i-th row and j-th column in the local window of the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered at the target pixel at position (i, j), H ij and S ij are the elevation and slope values ​​of the target pixel, respectively. is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

6. A land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model, characterized in that: The land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model includes: A carbon emission and absorption calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emission generated by the first land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption generated by the first land gradient utilization corresponding to each first sub-area divided by gradient level in the area to be evaluated, and the carbon emission generated by the second land gradient utilization and the carbon absorption generated by the second land gradient utilization corresponding to the second sub-area divided by land use type, wherein the carbon emission generated by the land gradient utilization is calculated by the sum of the carbon emission of energy consumption, the carbon emission of industrial production process, the carbon emission of waste treatment, the carbon emission of agriculture, the carbon emission of respiration and the carbon volatilization emission of water area, and the carbon absorption generated by the land gradient utilization is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption of crops and the carbon absorption of water area, and the gradient level is divided by the terrain position index calculated by the elevation value and slope value of the land; A land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity calculation module, used to use the ratio of the carbon emission generated by the first land gradient utilization to the gradient region area corresponding to the gradient level as the first carbon emission intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated, and the ratio of the carbon absorption generated by the first land gradient utilization to the gradient region area corresponding to the gradient level as the first carbon absorption intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated; and to use the ratio of the carbon emission generated by each second land gradient utilization to the land area corresponding to each land type as the second carbon emission intensity corresponding to each land type in the area to be evaluated, and to use the ratio of the carbon absorption generated by each second land gradient utilization to the land area corresponding to each land type as the second carbon absorption intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated; use the difference between the first carbon emission intensity and the first carbon absorption intensity as the first land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the first sub-area, and use the difference between the second carbon emission intensity and the second carbon absorption intensity as the second land gradient utilization carbon emission intensity corresponding to the second sub-area; The carbon emission effect assessment module is used to determine the carbon emission effect assessment result of the land gradient utilization in the area to be assessed based on the carbon emission intensity of the first land gradient utilization and / or the carbon emission intensity of the second land gradient utilization.

7. A computer system, characterized in that: The computer system includes: a memory, a processor, and a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the land gradient utilization-based carbon emission intensity assessment program is executed by the processor, the steps of the land gradient utilization-based carbon emission intensity assessment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a carbon emission intensity assessment program based on land gradient utilization, and when the carbon emission intensity assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon emission intensity assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

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