Heat dissipation method for cooling photovoltaic system and radiator

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat dissipation method for cooling a photovoltaic system and a radiator, and particularly relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cell cooling, the radiator comprises a plurality of hollow fins filled with at least two different types of PCM, and the fins are tightly connected with a photovoltaic cell and are directly thermally coupled with an aluminum plate. The photovoltaic cell is composed of a glass layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a polycrystalline silicon layer, a Tedlar layer, a TPT layer and an aluminum plate layer. The heat dissipation method is based on the heat conduction and natural convection principle, heat of the photovoltaic cell is transmitted to the PCM in the fins to cause phase change heat absorption, heat is dissipated through convection with air through fin gaps, heat is dissipated in the daytime, the heat is reversely transmitted at night to prolong the working time of the PCM, and meanwhile the intelligent monitoring module optimizes heat dissipation in real time according to cell parameters. Compared with the prior art, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell can be obviously reduced at different inclination angles, the electric efficiency is improved, the PCM working time is prolonged, and the performance and stability of a photovoltaic system are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cell cooling, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a heat dissipation method and a radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] In a photovoltaic system, the operating temperature of a solar panel has a crucial impact on its electrical efficiency. With the development of photovoltaic technology, improving the efficiency and stability of the panel has become a research hotspot, and the heat dissipation problem is a key link among them. Traditional photovoltaic cell cooling methods are mainly divided into two categories: active cooling and passive cooling, but both have certain defects.

[0003] Active cooling methods require additional components, such as pumps, pipes, and external power supplies to construct a cooling loop, and usually use metal fins of different shapes and quantities to improve the heat transfer rate, but this will significantly increase the mass of the battery, not only increasing the cost but also possibly bringing inconvenience to the structure and installation of the photovoltaic system.

[0004] Although passive cooling methods utilize phase change materials (PCMs) to absorb the heat generated by solar cells, the thermal conductivity of PCMs is usually small. To enhance heat transfer, the methods of adding fins or nanoparticles are often adopted. Adding fins can increase heat transfer, but it will reduce the mass of PCMs and increase the mass of PV cells; using nanoparticles to improve the thermal conductivity of PCMs faces challenges such as particle sedimentation and increased loading rate, and increasing fins or nanoparticles affects the melting rate of PCMs, which will shorten the operation time and thermal management time of PCMs in the PV system and affect the durability of the heat dissipation effect.

[0005] Therefore, a heat dissipation method and a radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system are proposed herein. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a heat dissipation method and a radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system, comprising:

[0008] A plurality of hollow fins, the interior of the hollow fins being filled with PCMs, wherein at least two different types of PCMs are used for filling, and each PCM has specific thermophysical properties, including but not limited to melting point, latent heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat capacity;

[0009] The hollow fins are closely connected to the photovoltaic cell to form a heat conduction path, so that the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell during operation can be efficiently transferred to the PCMs filled in the fins.

[0010] Preferably, the photovoltaic cell includes a glass layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a polycrystalline silicon layer, a Tedlar layer and an aluminum plate layer. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer is provided with two layers, namely, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer one and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer two. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer one is provided below the glass layer, the polycrystalline silicon layer is provided below the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer one, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer two is provided below the polycrystalline silicon layer, the Tedlar layer is provided below the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer two, an aluminum plate is provided below the Tedlar layer, and a TPT layer is provided between the Tedlar layer and the aluminum plate.

[0011] Preferably, each of the hollow fins is directly thermally coupled to an aluminum plate, and the aluminum plate is used to conduct heat generated by the photovoltaic cell.

[0012] Preferably, the number of the hollow fins is at least 6, and the hollow fins are provided with two cavities, the cavity close to the aluminum plate is filled with 10 mm thick RT-35 type PCM, and the other cavity is filled with 30 mm thick RT-27 type PCM, wherein the RT-35 type PCM and the RT-27 type PCM have different melting points and melting heats, the melting point of the RT-35 type PCM is 29 / 35°C, and the melting heat is 160 kJ / kg, and the melting point of the RT-27 type PCM is 25 / 28°C, and the melting heat is 184 kJ / kg.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes an intelligent monitoring module connected to the photovoltaic cell, and the intelligent monitoring module is connected to a monitoring system connected to the photovoltaic cell.

[0014] A heat dissipation method using the above-mentioned radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system, the heat dissipation method steps comprising:

[0015] When the photovoltaic cell is working, the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell is transferred to the hollow fins filled with PCM along the interface connected to the radiator through the principle of heat conduction, causing the PCM to undergo phase change and absorb a large amount of heat, thereby reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic cell.

[0016] The gaps between the hollow fins filled with PCM and the contact between the hollow fins and the surrounding air are used to form a natural convection channel, so that the external air can take away the heat conducted by the PCM on the surface of the hollow fins, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect.

[0017] Preferably, when there is sufficient sunlight during the day, the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell is quickly transferred to the PCM and the radiator. Through the phase change heat absorption of the PCM and air convection heat dissipation, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell is maintained within a suitable operating range. At night or under low light conditions when the ambient temperature is relatively low, the heat can be reversely transferred to the PCM through the heat conducting bottom plate and fins to adjust the state of the PCM, preparing for heat dissipation in the next working cycle. Moreover, during the entire day-night cycle, the effective working time of the PCM can be effectively extended. Compared with traditional cooling methods, the effective working time of the PCM is extended by at least 10 minutes, ensuring the long-term stable operation and high heat dissipation performance of the radiator.

[0018] Preferably, by monitoring parameters such as the temperature, current, and voltage of the photovoltaic cell, the heat transfer path and heat dissipation rate during heat dissipation are adjusted in real time. By adopting intelligent control means, such as adjusting the convection intensity between the fins and the air and controlling the phase change process of the PCM, the heat dissipation effect is further optimized, and the overall performance and stability of the photovoltaic system are improved. Among them, the intelligent control module is connected to the monitoring system of the photovoltaic system, and according to the preset temperature threshold and efficiency index, the heat dissipation strategy is automatically started or adjusted to ensure that the photovoltaic cell is always in the best working state.

[0019] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0020] 1. The radiator of the present invention has a unique design of hollow fins filled with PCM. Utilizing the phase change heat absorption characteristics of the PCM, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell is effectively reduced. Compared with traditional cooling technologies, at different tilt angles, the present invention can significantly reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic cell during thermal management. When the tilt angles are 90°, 60°, and 30°, the temperatures are reduced by 27.9%, 29.54%, and 31.11% respectively, enabling the photovoltaic cell to work within a more suitable temperature range, reducing the problem of reduced power conversion efficiency caused by overheating, and extending the service life of the photovoltaic cell.

[0021] 2. At different tilt angles, the electrical efficiency of the photovoltaic cell corresponding to the radiator of the present invention is higher than that of the traditional single-PCM smooth shell radiator, improving the energy conversion efficiency and power generation performance of the photovoltaic system.

[0022] 3. By using at least two PCMs with different melting points and latent heats of fusion to fill the fins in layers and utilizing the ambient temperature difference between day and night to achieve two-way heat transfer, the effective working time of the PCM is effectively extended. Compared with traditional cooling methods, the effective working time of the PCM is extended by at least 10 minutes, improving the utilization rate of the PCM and the overall performance of the radiator, and reducing the frequency of maintenance and replacement of the PCM.

[0023] 4. It is connected to the monitoring system through the intelligent monitoring module, and can obtain parameters such as the temperature, current, and voltage of the photovoltaic cell in real time, and automatically adjust the heat transfer path and heat dissipation rate during the heat dissipation process according to the preset algorithm and program. It can dynamically adapt to the working changes of the photovoltaic cell, such as increasing the heat dissipation intensity at high temperature or high load, and appropriately adjusting the strategy at low temperature or low load, reducing energy consumption, improving the overall stability and reliability of the photovoltaic system, and optimizing the heat dissipation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the radiator of the present invention connected to the photovoltaic cell.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a graph showing the temperature change of the photovoltaic cell at different times under different tilting angles of the radiator of the present invention and the radiator with a smooth outer shell of a traditional single PCM.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a graph of the electrical efficiency at different times under different tilting angles of the radiator of the present invention and the radiator with a smooth outer shell of a traditional single PCM. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0027] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] As shown in the attached Figure 1 A radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system, characterized in that it includes:

[0029] A plurality of hollow fins, the interior of the hollow fins is filled with PCM, and at least two different types of PCM are used for filling, and each PCM has specific thermophysical properties, including but not limited to melting point, heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat capacity;

[0030] The hollow fins are closely connected to the photovoltaic cell to form a heat conduction path, so that the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell during operation can be efficiently transferred to the PCM filled in the fins.

[0031] Specifically, by utilizing the heat absorption characteristics of the PCM filled in the hollow fins, when the photovoltaic cell operates and generates heat, the heat is conducted through the closely connected hollow fins to the PCM, causing the PCM to undergo a phase change and absorb a large amount of heat during this process, thereby reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic cell. Different types of PCMs have different thermophysical properties and can play a role in phase change heat absorption at different temperature ranges, broadening the heat absorption range and efficiency. Compared with traditional single materials or radiators without PCM filling, it can more effectively reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic cell, improve the power generation efficiency and stability of the photovoltaic system, reduce the problem of reduced electrical energy conversion efficiency caused by excessive temperature, and extend the service life of the photovoltaic cell.

[0032] During specific implementation, in the production and manufacturing process, first, design the appropriate number and size of hollow fins according to the size and heat dissipation requirements of the photovoltaic cell to ensure that it can closely fit the photovoltaic cell and form a good heat conduction interface. Then select at least two PCMs with specific thermophysical properties, such as determining PCMs of types like RT-35 and RT-27 through experiments or simulation analysis, and fill them into the cavity inside the hollow fins according to a certain ratio and process, ensuring uniform filling and no leakage, so that the hollow fins can efficiently transfer heat to the PCM after being assembled with the photovoltaic cell.

[0033] The photovoltaic cell includes a glass layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a polysilicon layer, a Tedlar layer, and an aluminum plate layer. There are two layers of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layers, namely ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer one and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer two. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer one is arranged below the glass layer, the polysilicon layer is arranged below ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer one, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer two is arranged below the polysilicon layer, the Tedlar layer is arranged below ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer two, and an aluminum plate is arranged below the Tedlar layer. And a TPT layer is arranged between the Tedlar layer and the aluminum plate.

[0034] Specifically, the glass layer plays a role in protecting the internal structure and having certain light transmission and heat insulation effects; the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layers (EVA-1 and EVA-2) are used for encapsulating and bonding each layer and also participate in heat transfer; the polysilicon layer is the core of photoelectric conversion; the Tedlar layer has weather resistance and certain heat insulation performance; the TPT layer is used for encapsulation and protection, and the aluminum plate layer can serve as a good heat conductor to conduct heat to the radiator. The combination of this multi-layer structure works together to ensure the normal function of the photovoltaic cell and the effective export of heat. Through the structural composition of this photovoltaic cell, it helps to fully consider the characteristics of each layer of material when designing the connection and heat conduction method between the radiator and the photovoltaic cell, improve the adaptability and heat dissipation effect of the heat dissipation system, ensure the performance stability of each layer of the photovoltaic cell in different temperature environments, and reduce material aging or performance attenuation caused by temperature changes.

[0035] In specific implementation, in the production process of photovoltaic cells, they are laid and encapsulated in sequence according to the order of glass layer, EVA-1 layer, polysilicon layer, EVA-2 layer, Tedlar layer, TPT layer, and aluminum plate layer. During the laying process, ensure that there is close fitting between each layer without bubbles or gaps. For example, use hot pressing or vacuum encapsulation technology to form a good bonding and heat conduction interface between the materials of each layer, ensuring the integrity and heat conduction performance of the photovoltaic cell.

[0036] Each of the hollow fins is directly thermally coupled to the aluminum plate, and the aluminum plate is used to conduct the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell.

[0037] Specifically, the hollow fins are directly thermally coupled to the aluminum plate, enabling the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell to be quickly conducted through the aluminum plate into the PCM inside the hollow fins. The aluminum plate has a high thermal conductivity coefficient, which can effectively reduce the thermal resistance, accelerate the heat transfer process, improve the heat dissipation efficiency, enhance the heat conduction path from the photovoltaic cell to the PCM, and reduce the heat loss during the transfer process compared with the indirect conduction method. This enables the PCM to absorb heat and undergo a phase change faster, more quickly reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic cell, and improve the response speed and stability of the photovoltaic system, especially with obvious advantages in high-load or high-temperature environments.

[0038] In specific implementation, during the radiator assembly process, the hollow fins and the aluminum plate are precisely processed and positioned to ensure close contact between the two. Welding, riveting, or using a highly thermally conductive thermal adhesive can be used to achieve a firm connection and ensure the thermal coupling effect. At the same time, the contact surface is treated, such as grinding and polishing, to reduce the contact thermal resistance and improve the heat transfer efficiency.

[0039] The number of the hollow fins is at least 6. The hollow fins are provided with two cavities. The cavity close to the aluminum plate is filled with RT-35 type PCM with a thickness of 10 mm, and the other cavity is filled with RT-27 type PCM with a thickness of 30 mm. Among them, RT-35 type PCM and RT-27 type PCM have different melting points and latent heats of fusion. The melting point of RT-35 type PCM is 29 / 35 °C, and the latent heat of fusion is 160 kJ / kg. The melting point of RT-27 type PCM is 25 / 28 °C, and the latent heat of fusion is 184 kJ / kg.

[0040] Specifically, the number of hollow fins and the specific filling method of the internal PCM are determined. Multiple fins increase the contact area with the photovoltaic cell and air, improving the heat conduction and convection efficiency; PCMs with different thicknesses and types (RT-35 and RT-27) are filled in layers. Utilizing their different melting points and latent heat of fusion characteristics, they sequentially play the role of phase change heat absorption at different temperature stages, achieving gradient absorption and storage of heat, optimizing the heat dissipation process. The increased number of fins and the reasonable PCM filling design can significantly improve the heat dissipation capacity of the radiator, enabling the photovoltaic cell to maintain a lower operating temperature within a wider temperature range, improving the power generation efficiency. Compared with a radiator with a single PCM or a simple structure, it can better adapt to the heat dissipation requirements of photovoltaic cells under different working conditions and reduce the performance degradation problem caused by local overheating.

[0041] During specific implementation, at least six hollow fins are designed and manufactured according to the power, area, and expected heat generation of the photovoltaic cell, and two cavities are machined inside the fins. When filling the PCM, first fill the cavity close to the aluminum plate with 10-mm-thick RT-35 PCM, and then fill the other cavity with 30-mm-thick RT-27 PCM. Use precise filling equipment and processes to ensure that the PCM is filled densely and evenly distributed, ensuring the same heat dissipation performance for each fin.

[0042] It also includes an intelligent monitoring module connected to the photovoltaic cell, and the intelligent monitoring module is connected to a monitoring system connected to the photovoltaic cell.

[0043] Specifically, the intelligent monitoring module is connected to the monitoring system of the photovoltaic cell to obtain parameters such as the temperature, current, and voltage of the photovoltaic cell in real time. Through preset algorithms and programs, these parameters are analyzed and processed. According to the working state and temperature change trend of the battery, the heat transfer path and heat dissipation rate in the heat dissipation process are automatically adjusted to achieve intelligent heat dissipation control. It can dynamically adapt to the working changes of the photovoltaic cell, respond to temperature fluctuations in a timely manner, optimize the heat dissipation effect, and improve the overall performance and stability of the photovoltaic system. For example, when the weather is hot or the operation is at high load, the heat dissipation intensity is automatically increased; when it is low temperature or low load, the heat dissipation strategy is appropriately adjusted to reduce unnecessary energy consumption, extend the service life of the equipment, and reduce the maintenance cost.

[0044] During specific implementation, first install the intelligent monitoring module, and make electrical connections and communication settings with the monitoring system of the photovoltaic cell to ensure stable and reliable data transmission. Write and implant corresponding control programs and algorithms in the intelligent monitoring module, and set parameters such as temperature thresholds and efficiency indicators according to the performance parameters and heat dissipation requirements of the photovoltaic cell.

[0045] As Figure 1 shown, a heat dissipation method for cooling a photovoltaic system provided by the present invention, the steps of the heat dissipation method include:

[0046] When the photovoltaic cell is working, through the principle of heat conduction, the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell is transferred along the interface connected to the radiator into the hollow fins filled with PCM, triggering the phase change of PCM and absorbing a large amount of heat, thereby reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic cell.

[0047] Utilize the gaps between the hollow fins filled with PCM and the contact between the hollow fins and the surrounding air to form a natural convection channel, enabling the external air to carry away the heat conducted by PCM on the surface of the hollow fins and further enhancing the heat dissipation effect.

[0048] Specifically, based on the principles of heat conduction and natural convection, the heat generated by the working photovoltaic cell is transferred to the PCM in the hollow fins through the connection interface with the radiator, triggering the phase change endothermic of PCM and reducing the battery temperature. At the same time, utilize the gaps between the fins and the contact with the surrounding air to form a natural convection channel, and the external air carries away the heat conducted by PCM on the fin surface, realizing the continuous dissipation of heat and maintaining the dynamic balance of the heat dissipation process. This heat dissipation method combines the high-efficiency heat absorption of the phase change material and the heat dissipation advantage of natural convection, without additional complex power equipment, reducing costs and energy consumption. It can effectively reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic cell, improve its electrical efficiency and stability, reduce the power loss and equipment damage risk caused by overheating, extend the service life of the photovoltaic system, and improve the energy conversion efficiency and economic benefits.

[0049] When there is sufficient sunlight during the day, the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell is quickly transferred to the PCM in the radiator. Through the phase change endothermic of PCM and air convection heat dissipation, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell is maintained within a suitable working range; at night or under low light conditions, when the ambient temperature is low, the heat can be reversely transferred to the PCM through the aluminum plate and the hollow fins, adjusting the state of the PCM to prepare for heat dissipation in the next working cycle, and is used to extend the effective working time of the PCM.

[0050] Specifically, utilize the difference in ambient temperature between day and night and the heat conduction performance of the aluminum plate and the hollow fins to achieve two-way heat transfer. When the photovoltaic cell generates heat during the day, the heat is transferred to the PCM and the radiator for heat dissipation; when the ambient temperature drops at night, the heat is reversely transferred from the aluminum plate and the fins to the PCM, causing the PCM to re-solidify or adjust its state to prepare for the next day's heat dissipation cycle. It effectively utilizes the ambient temperature resources, extends the effective working time of the PCM, improves the utilization rate of the PCM and the overall performance of the radiator, and reduces the problem of heat dissipation effect decline caused by the performance attenuation of the PCM after long-term use. Through the two-way cycle of heat, the radiator can maintain a good working state in different day and night environments, enhancing the stability and reliability of the photovoltaic system, reducing the frequency of maintenance and replacement of the PCM, and improving the long-term operation efficiency and economic benefits of the system.

[0051] The monitoring system connected through the intelligent control module monitors the temperature, current, and voltage parameters of the photovoltaic cell, adjusts the heat transfer path and heat dissipation rate during heat dissipation in real time, optimizes the heat dissipation effect, and automatically starts or adjusts the heat dissipation strategy according to the preset temperature threshold and efficiency index.

[0052] Specifically, the intelligent control module obtains parameters such as the temperature, current, and voltage of the photovoltaic cell from the monitoring system, and uses the preset algorithms and control strategies to adjust the heat transfer path and heat dissipation rate during heat dissipation in real time. For example, when the temperature is too high, the convection intensity between the fins and the air is increased, such as by adjusting the fin angle through the elevation adjustment mechanism installed at the bottom of the entire photovoltaic system; when the temperature is close to the lower limit of the threshold, the heat dissipation intensity is appropriately reduced to avoid energy waste caused by excessive heat dissipation. By precisely controlling the phase change process of the PCM, the heat dissipation effect is optimized, further improving the intelligence and adaptability of the heat dissipation system. It can accurately adjust the heat dissipation process according to the actual working state of the photovoltaic cell, maximizing the heat dissipation efficiency and the performance of the photovoltaic system. Under different environmental conditions and working loads, it can ensure that the photovoltaic cell always operates within the optimal working temperature range, reducing problems such as reduced power conversion efficiency and shortened equipment life caused by temperature fluctuations, improving the power generation stability and reliability of the photovoltaic system, and enhancing the energy utilization efficiency and economic benefits.

[0053] Embodiment

[0054] Six hollow fins are thermally coupled to the aluminum plate at the bottom of the photovoltaic cell. Each hollow fin is filled with two PCMs of different thicknesses. The first part is filled with 10 mm thick RT-35 type PCM from the part close to the aluminum plate, and the second part is filled with 30 mm thick RT-27 type PCM. The width of the hollow fin is set to 11 mm, and the spacing between adjacent hollow fins is set to 11 mm. The width of the entire photovoltaic cell is set to 132 mm.

[0055] Determine the thermal and optical properties of the PCM as shown in Table 1 below:

[0056]

[0057] The following Table 2 shows the thermal and optical properties of the photovoltaic power generation layer:

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Through the selection of the above-mentioned materials for each part of the photovoltaic cell and the materials in the radiator structure, a photovoltaic system and a radiator are manufactured. An experiment is conducted on the comparison of the average photovoltaic cell temperature over time of a single PCM with a smooth outer shell in the traditional technology at different tilt angles:

[0061] As attachedFigure 2 As shown, in the temperature change curves of the photovoltaic cells, i.e., PV cells, of the traditional radiator and the radiator of the present invention, for the fins filled with two PCMs in the present invention, the heat management times are 40, 40, and 45 min respectively, while for the traditional cooling technology, the heat management times are 25, 30, and 30 min at the inclination angles of 90°, 60°, and 30° respectively. Compared with the smooth ones at 43°C, 44°C, and 30°C and 45°C, the temperatures of the PV cells during heat management are approximately 31°C, 31°C, and 31°C. At the inclination angles of 90°, 60°, and 30°, compared with the traditional cooling technology, the temperatures of the PV cells during the entire heat management period in the present invention are reduced by 27.9%, 29.54%, and 31.11% respectively.

[0062] As Figure 3 shown, the electrical efficiencies of the PV cells of the fins with two PCMs and the traditional method with a single PCM at different inclination angles. For all inclination angles, the design of the present invention has a higher electrical efficiency level than the traditional single-PCM method. At the inclination angles of 90°, 60°, and 30°, the electrical efficiencies of the fins with multiple PCMs are approximately 17.22%, 17.39%, and 17.41% respectively, while the electrical efficiencies of the smooth housings with the traditional single PCM are 16.17%, 16.32%, and 15.24% respectively.

[0063] Finally, several points should be noted: First, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, which can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or the communication inside two components, and can be directly connected. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to represent the relative position relationship. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may change;

[0064] Second: In the attached drawings of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention, only the structures related to the disclosed embodiments of the present disclosure are involved. For other structures, reference can be made to the general design. Without conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other;

[0065] Finally: The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system, characterized in that: include: A plurality of hollow fins, wherein the interior of the hollow fins is filled with PCM, wherein at least two different types of PCM are used for filling, and each PCM has specific thermophysical properties, including but not limited to melting point, heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, density and specific heat capacity; The hollow fins are closely connected to the photovoltaic cells to form a heat conduction path, so that the heat generated by the photovoltaic cells during operation can be efficiently transferred to the PCM filled in the fins.

2. A radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell includes a glass layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a polysilicon layer, a Tedlar layer and an aluminum plate layer. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer is provided with two layers, namely, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer one and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer two. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer one is provided below the glass layer, the polysilicon layer is provided below the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer one, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer two is provided below the polysilicon layer, the Tedlar layer is provided below the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer two, an aluminum plate is provided below the Tedlar layer, and a TPT layer is provided between the Tedlar layer and the aluminum plate.

3. A radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the hollow fins is directly thermally coupled to an aluminum plate, and the aluminum plate is used to conduct heat generated by the photovoltaic cells.

4. A radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the hollow fins is at least 6, and the hollow fins are provided with two cavities. The cavity close to the aluminum plate is filled with 10 mm thick RT-35 type PCM, and the other cavity is filled with 30 mm thick RT-27 type PCM, wherein the RT-35 type PCM and the RT-27 type PCM have different melting points and melting heats. The melting point of the RT-35 type PCM is 29 / 35°C, and the melting heat is 160 kJ / kg. The melting point of the RT-27 type PCM is 25 / 28°C, and the melting heat is 184 kJ / kg.

5. A radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an intelligent monitoring module connected to the photovoltaic cell, and the intelligent monitoring module is connected to a monitoring system connected to the photovoltaic cell.

6. A heat dissipation method using a radiator for cooling a photovoltaic system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The heat dissipation method steps include: When the photovoltaic cell is working, the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell is transferred to the hollow fins filled with PCM along the interface connected to the radiator through the principle of heat conduction, causing the PCM to undergo phase change and absorb a large amount of heat, thereby reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic cell. The gaps between the hollow fins filled with PCM and the contact between the hollow fins and the surrounding air are used to form a natural convection channel, so that the external air can take away the heat conducted by the PCM on the surface of the hollow fins, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect.

7. A heat dissipation method for cooling a photovoltaic system according to claim 6, characterized in that: When there is sufficient sunlight during the day, the heat generated by the photovoltaic cells is quickly transferred to the PCM in the radiator, and the temperature of the photovoltaic cells is maintained within a suitable working range through PCM phase change heat absorption and air convection heat dissipation. At night or under low light conditions, when the ambient temperature is low, the heat can be reversely transferred to the PCM through the aluminum plate and hollow fins, adjusting the state of the PCM and preparing for heat dissipation in the next working cycle, thereby extending the effective working time of the PCM.

8. A heat dissipation method for cooling a photovoltaic system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The monitoring system connected through the intelligent control module monitors the temperature, current, and voltage parameters of the photovoltaic cells, adjusts the heat transfer path and heat dissipation rate in the heat dissipation process in real time, optimizes the heat dissipation effect, and automatically starts or adjusts the heat dissipation strategy according to the preset temperature threshold and efficiency index.

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