Ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with multi-thorn structure and application of ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor in biological membrane removal

Abstract

The invention provides an ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-thorn structure and application of the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor to removal of a biological membrane. A preparation method of the micro-nano motor comprises the following steps: preparing ionic liquid gel microspheres; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing ionic liquid gel microspheres into water to obtain an ionic liquid gel microsphere aqueous dispersion, dropwise adding the ionic liquid gel microsphere aqueous dispersion to a glass slide to form a single-layer film, and sequentially depositing a 50-400nm iron layer and a 10-40nm platinum layer through electron beam evaporation; and dispersing the ionic liquid gel microspheres containing the iron layer and the platinum layer into deionized water, sequentially adding chloroauric acid, silver nitrate and hydrogen peroxide, carrying out oscillation reaction, cleaning, carrying out magnetic separation, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying at-40 DEG C for more than 10 hours to obtain the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with the thorn structure. According to the technical scheme, the micro-nano motor can overcome a mucus barrier to achieve efficient magnetic drive movement, and bacterial biofilms can be effectively removed through mechanical force generated by the gold nano thorns on the surface of the micro-nano motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of micro-nano motors, and particularly to a multi-spined structure ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor and its application in removing biofilms. Background Art

[0002] A biofilm is a dynamic three-dimensional structure composed of extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, etc. secreted by microorganisms, which tightly adheres to biological or non-biological surfaces. This microecosystem forms a physical barrier through the extracellular polymeric substance matrix (EPS), increasing the resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs and host immunity by 100 - 1000 times. Approximately 65% of nosocomial infections globally involve biofilms, and the treatment failure rate in chronic wound infections, artificial joint infections, and patients with cystic fibrosis is as high as 80%, becoming a major challenge in clinical anti-infection treatment. Currently, the main clinical treatment plan is mechanical debridement combined with antibiotics. Physical means such as ultrasonic scraping and high-pressure flushing can remove 50% - 70% of the visible biofilm, but it is difficult to remove pathogens in the deep layer and microstructures.

[0003] A micro-nano motor is a micro device that can convert external energy (such as chemical energy, light energy, magnetic field, etc.) into mechanical energy at the micro-nano scale, and is widely used in fields such as biomedicine, environmental governance, and materials science. They achieve autonomous movement through chemical driving, physical driving, or biological driving, and have characteristics such as small volume, large driving force, and high controllability. The design of micro-nano motors usually combines multiple functional materials, such as magnetic materials, catalytic materials, and biocompatible materials, to achieve multi-functional integration. However, when micro-nano motors are used in vivo, they are easily affected by the mucus barrier, affecting the response speed and motion control accuracy of the micro-nano motors.

[0004] Ionic liquid gel is a new type of material composed of a polymer network and an ionic liquid, which has received extensive attention due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Ionic liquids are salts with low melting points, having non-volatility, antibacterial properties, good solubility, and excellent chemical stability. These characteristics enable ionic liquid gels to show great application potential in fields such as biomedicine, flexible electronics, energy storage, and chemical engineering. If the ionic liquid gel material can be integrated into a micro-nano motor, it can give full play to the advantages of both, and will significantly improve the functions and applications of micro-nano motors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a multi-spined ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor and its application in removing biofilms. The combination of ionic liquid gel and micro-nano motor combines the biocompatibility and controllability of ionic liquid gel, provides a safe operating environment for the micro-nano motor, can overcome the mucus barrier, and improve the response speed and motion control accuracy. Using the mechanical force generated by its external field drive, it can be used for biofilm removal, expanding the application scope of the micro-nano motor.

[0006] For this, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A preparation method of an ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step S1, preparing ionic liquid gel microspheres;

[0009] Step S2, dispersing the ionic liquid gel microspheres in water to obtain an ionic liquid gel microsphere aqueous dispersion, dropping the ionic liquid gel microsphere aqueous dispersion onto a glass slide to form a monolayer film, and then sequentially depositing an iron layer of 50-400 nm and a platinum layer of 10-40 nm by electron beam evaporation; then dispersing the ionic liquid gel microspheres with the iron layer and platinum layer in deionized water, sequentially adding chloroauric acid, silver nitrate and hydrogen peroxide, oscillating and reacting, washing, magnetically separating, and placing in a -40°C vacuum freeze-drying for more than 10 h to obtain an ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure.

[0010] This technical solution endows the surface of the ionic liquid gel microspheres with an iron layer with magnetic response function and a platinum layer with catalytic function through electron beam evaporation technology, and then grows gold nanospines on its metal layer through surface modification technology, thereby constructing an ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure. The obtained micro-nano motor combines the properties of both the motor and the ionic liquid. For example, the high sensitivity of the ionic liquid gel can improve the response speed and motion control accuracy of the micro-nano motor; the environmental friendliness and high-efficiency adsorption performance of the ionic liquid gel can be combined with the environmental governance function of the micro-nano motor for efficient degradation of pollutants or removal of harmful substances; in addition, the biocompatibility and controllability of the ionic liquid gel give it unique advantages in biomedical applications, can provide a safe operating environment for the micro-nano motor, and are suitable for fields such as targeted drug delivery, minimally invasive surgery and biosensing. In short, the combination of ionic liquid gel and micro-nano motor not only expands the application scope of the micro-nano motor, but also provides new possibilities for its innovative applications in the fields of energy, biomedicine and environment.

[0011] The obtained micro-nano motors can move targetedly under magnetic field driving, and have both the biocompatibility and controllability of ionic liquid gels. They can overcome the mucus barrier to move, improve the response speed and motion control accuracy. In addition, they have excellent antibacterial properties, and the mechanical force generated by gold nanospines under magnetic field driving can effectively remove bacterial biofilms.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, step S1 includes: dissolving an ionic liquid and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer in dichloromethane as the oil phase, then adding the oil phase to a deionized aqueous solution containing a nonionic surfactant, stirring and reacting for 18-24 hours. After the reaction, washing, centrifuging, and vacuum freeze-drying at -40°C for more than 10 hours to obtain ionic liquid gel microspheres. This technical solution prepares ionic liquid gel microspheres by the emulsion solvent evaporation method, and the method is simple.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, an iron layer of 100-300 nm and a platinum layer of 20-25 nm are sequentially deposited by electron beam evaporation.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the ionic liquid is at least one of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium iron tetrachloride, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, N-butyl-3-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the nonionic surfactant is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature of the stirring reaction is 35°C - 45°C, and the stirring speed is 300 rpm - 1500 rpm.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the concentration of the ionic liquid gel microsphere aqueous dispersion is 2-10 mg / mL, and further preferably, the volume dropped onto the glass slide is 0.5 mL - 3 mL.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the mass ratio of chloroauric acid to silver nitrate is 12:1 - 48:1.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 1-3 wt%.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the volume of hydrogen peroxide is 0.4-1 times the volume of deionized water.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the oscillation reaction time is 80 s-300 s.

[0022] The present invention also discloses an ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure, which is prepared by using the preparation method of the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure as described above.

[0023] The present invention also discloses the application of the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure as described above, that is, the application of the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure for removing biofilms, and it is applied to mechanical removal of biofilms.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the application includes: dispersing the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure into water to obtain a water dispersion of the micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure, dropping the water dispersion of the micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure onto the biofilm produced by bacteria, and then driving the micro-nano motor to perform rotational and rolling motions under the action of an external magnetic field, and using the mechanical force generated by the gold nano-spines to remove the biofilm.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the concentration of the water dispersion of the micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure is 0.5-8 mg / mL.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, the external magnetic field strength is 5 mT-500 mT.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bacteria are Escherichia coli, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusobacterium nucleatum or Streptococcus mutans.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] The multi-spined structure ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor adopting the technical scheme of the present invention can overcome the mucus barrier to achieve efficient magnetic-driven motion, and can move along a set route. At the same time, the ionic liquid in the ionic liquid gel endows the micro-nano motor with excellent antibacterial properties, and can remove pathogens in the deep layer and microstructures. Under the action of an external magnetic field, the mechanical force generated by the gold nano-spines on the surface of the micro-nano motor during the movement process can effectively remove the bacterial biofilm, and is applicable to fields such as targeted drug delivery, minimally invasive surgery and biosensing. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 It is the scanning electron microscope photograph of the multi-spined structure ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. (a) is the scanning electron microscope photograph, and (b) is the partial enlarged view of (a).

[0031] Figure 2 It is the screenshot of the rotational movement of the micro-nano motor in Embodiment 1 of the present invention under magnetic fields of different frequencies.

[0032] Figure 3 It is the screenshot of the rolling movement of the micro-nano motor in Embodiment 1 of the present invention under magnetic fields of different frequencies (the scale bar is 20 μm).

[0033] Figure 4 It is the antibacterial property diagram of the micro-nano motor in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Among them, (a) is the comparison diagram of the blank group, Comparative Example 1 and Embodiment 1; (b) is the comparison result of the antibacterial rates of the blank group, Comparative Example 1 and Embodiment 1.

[0034] Figure 5 It is the movement behavior diagram of the micro-nano motor in Embodiment 2 of the present invention in different viscosity systems.

[0035] Figure 6 It is the movement trajectory diagram of the micro-nano motor in Embodiment 2 of the present invention moving along a set route.

[0036] Figure 7 It is the confocal microscope diagram of the micro-nano motor in Embodiment 2 of the present invention before and after removing the bacterial biofilm. (a) is before removal, and (b) is after removal.

[0037] Figure 8 It is the statistical chart of the thickness (a) and microbial quantity (b) of the micro-nano motor in Embodiment 3 of the present invention before and after removing the bacterial biofilm. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] The following further elaborates on the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] An ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure, and its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0041] 1. Preparation of ionic liquid gel microspheres:

[0042] Dissolve 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in dichloromethane as the oil phase, then add the oil phase to the deionized aqueous solution containing 2 wt% polyvinyl alcohol, and carry out continuous rapid stirring reaction at 40 °C with a stirring speed of 1000 rpm for 24 hours. After the reaction, wash with deionized water, centrifuge, and vacuum freeze-dry at -40 °C for 12 hours to obtain ionic liquid gel microspheres.

[0043] 2. Construction of Ionic Liquid Gel Micro-Nano Motors with Spiky Structures:

[0044] Drop 1 mL of the aqueous dispersion of ionic liquid gel microspheres with a concentration of 2 mg / mL onto a glass slide. After the sample dries naturally, the ionic liquid gel microspheres form a monolayer structure on the surface of the glass slide. Subsequently, use an electron beam evaporator to deposit an iron layer with a thickness of 200 nm and a platinum layer with a thickness of 20 nm on the surface of the glass slide. Then disperse the ionic liquid gel microspheres containing the iron layer and the platinum layer into 200 μL of deionized water. Add 60 μL of chloroauric acid with a concentration of 40 mM, 10 μL of silver nitrate with a concentration of 10 mM, and 100 μL of 2 wt% hydrogen peroxide in sequence, and oscillate and react for 100 s. After washing 4 times with deionized water and then performing magnetic separation, place it in a -40°C vacuum freeze-drying for 12 hours to obtain ionic liquid gel micro-nano motors with spiky structures. Their morphology is as Figure 1 shown. It can be seen that the micro-nano motors have a complete structure, uniform size, and spiky structures on their surfaces.

[0045] Use the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motors with spiky structures of this example for the experiment of mechanically removing biofilms, including: incubating Porphyromonas gingivalis to form a bacterial biofilm, and dropping 0.5 mL of the aqueous dispersion of micro-nano motors with spiky structures with a concentration of 1 mg / mL onto the biofilm. Then, under the action of an external magnetic field with a strength of 100 mT, drive the micro-nano motors to rotate ( Figure 2 ) and roll ( Figure 3 ). Through Figure 2 and Figure 3 , it can be seen that the micro-nano motors of this example can be precisely controlled under the action of a magnetic field and can move along a set route.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] Based on Example 1, the difference in this comparative example is that no ionic liquid is added. Use poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres of the existing technology as the core to form an aqueous dispersion, and then use an electron beam evaporator to deposit an iron layer with a thickness of 200 nm and a platinum layer with a thickness of 20 nm. Perform antibacterial performance detection. Specifically, add the micro-nano motors of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 to the culture dish of Porphyromonas gingivalis, and use the plate colony counting method to count for detection. The results are as Figure 4 shown. It can be seen that compared with the micro-nano motors without ionic liquid in Comparative Example 1, the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motors of Example 1 of this embodiment have significant antibacterial properties.

[0048] The mechanical force generated by the gold nanospines of the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor of Example 1 was used to remove the biofilm. After analyzing the treated biofilm by confocal imaging, it was found that 80% of the biofilm was removed.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] An ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spine structure, and its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0051] 1. Preparation of ionic liquid gel microspheres:

[0052] Dissolve 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in dichloromethane as the oil phase, and then add the oil phase to a deionized aqueous solution containing 2 wt% polyvinyl alcohol and continuously stir and react at 42 °C with a stirring speed of 800 rpm for 24 hours. After the reaction, wash with deionized water, centrifuge, and vacuum freeze-dry at -40 °C for 12 hours to obtain ionic liquid gel microspheres.

[0053] 2. Construction of the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spine structure:

[0054] Drop 2 mL of the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion of ionic liquid gel microspheres with a concentration of 4 mg / mL onto a glass slide. After the sample dries naturally, the ionic liquid gel microspheres form a monolayer structure on the surface of the glass slide. Subsequently, use an electron beam evaporator to deposit an iron layer with a thickness of 100 nm and a platinum layer with a thickness of 20 nm on the surface of the glass slide. Then disperse the ionic liquid gel microspheres containing the iron layer and the platinum layer into 200 μL of deionized water, add 100 μL of chloroauric acid with a concentration of 35 mM, 20 μL of silver nitrate with a concentration of 10 mM, and 150 μL of 2 wt% hydrogen peroxide in sequence, oscillate and react for 120 s, wash 4 times with deionized water, and then perform magnetic separation. Then place it in vacuum freeze-drying at -40 °C for 12 hours to obtain an ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spine structure.

[0055] For the relevant experiments on using the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spine structure of this example for mechanical biofilm removal, as Figure 5 shown, place the micro-nano motor in different viscosity systems for studying its motion behavior, and control it to move along a specified route. The results are as Figure 6 shown. It can be seen that the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spine structure of this example can be precisely controlled in different viscosity environments, achieve targeted movement, and can overcome biological barriers.

[0056] Subsequently, Escherichia coli was used to incubate into a bacterial biofilm, and 1 mL of an aqueous dispersion of micronano motors with a spiny structure at a concentration of 4 mg / mL was dropped onto the biofilm. Then, under the action of an external magnetic field with an intensity of 200 mT, the micronano motors of this example were driven to rotate and roll, and the mechanical force generated by the gold nanospines of the micronano motors was used to remove the biofilm, and the treated biofilm was analyzed by confocal imaging, as Figure 7 shown, it was found that 90% of the biofilm was removed.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A micronano motor of ionic liquid gel with a spiny structure, and its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0059] 1. Preparation of ionic liquid gel microspheres:

[0060] 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were dissolved in dichloromethane as the oil phase. Then, the oil phase was added to an aqueous solution of deionized water containing 2 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone and continuously and rapidly stirred at 35 °C with a stirring speed of 1500 rpm for 24 hours. After the reaction, it was washed with deionized water, centrifuged, and vacuum freeze-dried at -40 °C for 12 hours to obtain ionic liquid gel microspheres.

[0061] 2. Construction of ionic liquid gel micronano motors with a spiny structure:

[0062] 2 mL of an aqueous dispersion of the above ionic liquid gel microspheres at a concentration of 3 mg / mL was dropped onto a glass slide. After the sample was naturally dried, the ionic liquid gel microspheres formed a monolayer structure on the surface of the glass slide. Subsequently, an electron beam evaporator was used to deposit an iron layer with a thickness of 300 nm and a platinum layer with a thickness of 25 nm on the surface of the glass slide. Then, the ionic liquid gel microspheres containing the iron layer and the platinum layer were dispersed in 200 μL of deionized water, and 80 μL of chloroauric acid at a concentration of 40 mM, 15 μL of silver nitrate at a concentration of 10 mM, and 120 μL of 2 wt% hydrogen peroxide were added in sequence. After oscillating and reacting for 180 s, it was washed 4 times with deionized water and then separated by magnetic separation, and then placed in a vacuum freeze-dryer at -40 °C for 12 hours to obtain ionic liquid gel micronano motors with a spiny structure.

[0063] The experiment of using the ionic liquid gel micronano motor with a spiny structure of this example for mechanical removal of biofilm includes:

[0064] Incubate Streptococcus mutans to form a bacterial biofilm, and drop 0.5 mL of the aqueous dispersion of the micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure at a concentration of 4 mg / mL onto the biofilm. Then, drive the micro-nano motor of this example to perform rotational and rolling motions under the action of an external magnetic field with an intensity of 150 mT, and use the mechanical force generated by the gold nanospines of the micro-nano motor to remove the biofilm, and analyze the treated biofilm by confocal imaging, as Figure 8 shown. It can be seen that the thickness of the biofilm after removal has significantly decreased and the microbial content inside has significantly decreased. It is proved that the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor has a good effect on removing bacterial biofilms.

[0065] The results of the above examples show that: the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a multi-spined structure prepared by the technical solution of the present invention has a complete structure and uniform size. At the same time, it can be precisely controlled under the action of a magnetic field to achieve targeted movement and overcome biological barriers. It has good stability and is convenient for recycling and reuse during the application process, making it have promising application prospects in the fields of biomedicine and micro-nano manipulation.

[0066] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can still be made, and all should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a spiny structure, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, preparing ionic liquid gel microspheres; Step S2, dispersing the ionic liquid gel microspheres in water to obtain an ionic liquid gel microsphere aqueous dispersion, dropping the ionic liquid gel microsphere aqueous dispersion onto a glass slide to form a single-layer film, and then sequentially depositing a 50-400 nm iron layer and a 10-40 nm platinum layer by electron beam evaporation; then dispersing the ionic liquid gel microspheres containing the iron layer and the platinum layer into deionized water, sequentially adding chloroauric acid, silver nitrate and hydrogen peroxide for oscillating reaction, washing, magnetic separation, and placing at -40°C for vacuum freeze drying for more than 10 hours to obtain an ionic liquid gel micro-nanomotor with a thorny structure.

2. The method for preparing the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a spiny structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 comprises: dissolving the ionic liquid and polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer in dichloromethane as an oil phase, then adding the oil phase into a deionized water solution containing a nonionic surfactant, stirring for reaction for 18-24 hours, and after the reaction is completed, washing, centrifuging, and vacuum freeze-drying at -40°C for more than 10 hours to obtain ionic liquid gel microspheres.

3. The method for preparing the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a spiny structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ionic liquid is at least one of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium ferric chloride, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and N-butyl-3-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate; The nonionic surfactant is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyoxyethylene oleyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene stearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

4. The method for preparing the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a spiny structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature of the stirring reaction is 35° C. to 45° C., and the stirring speed is 300 rpm to 1500 rpm.

5. The method for preparing the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a spiny structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the concentration of the ionic liquid gel microsphere aqueous dispersion is 2-10 mg / mL, and the volume added to the glass slide is 0.5 mL-3 mL.

6. The method for preparing the ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a spiny structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the mass ratio of chloroauric acid to silver nitrate is 12:1 to 48:1; the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 1 to 3 wt%; the volume of hydrogen peroxide is 0.4 to 1 times the volume of deionized water, and the oscillation reaction time is 80 s to 300 s.

7. An ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a spiny structure, characterized in that: The motor is prepared by the method for preparing an ionic liquid gel micro-nano motor with a spiny structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The use of the ionic liquid gel micro-nanomotor with a spiny structure as claimed in claim 7 for removing biofilm, characterized in that: Used for mechanical removal of biofilm.

9. The use of the ionic liquid gel micro-nanomotor with a spiny structure for removing biofilm according to claim 8, characterized in that: include: The ionic liquid gel micro-nanomotor with a thorny structure is dispersed in water to obtain a micro-nanomotor aqueous dispersion with a thorny structure, and the micro-nanomotor aqueous dispersion with a thorny structure is dropped onto a biofilm produced by bacteria. The micro-nanomotor is then driven to rotate and roll under the action of an external magnetic field, and the mechanical force generated by the gold nanothorns is used to remove the biofilm.

10. The use of the ionic liquid gel micro-nanomotor with a spiny structure according to claim 9 for removing biofilm, characterized in that: The concentration of the micro-nano motor aqueous dispersion with a thorny structure is 0.5-8 mg / mL; the strength of the applied magnetic field is 5 mT-500 mT; and the bacteria are Escherichia coli, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusobacterium nucleatum or Streptococcus mutans.

Images