Polishing tool for inner and outer full welding seams of straight seam steel pipe

Abstract

The invention discloses a straight seam steel pipe inner and outer all-welding-seam polishing tool, and relates to the technical field of polishing. The straight seam steel pipe inner and outer all-welding-seam polishing tool comprises a fixed flange base and a base installed at one end of the fixed flange base; the abrasive belt polishing mechanism is mounted on the outer wall of one side of the base; the vertical plate is connected to the outer wall of the base, and a base plate is horizontally and fixedly connected to the lower end of the vertical plate; the rotating shaft is rotationally connected to the base plate, a pressing head is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft, and a lifting mechanism used for driving the rotating shaft to vertically reciprocate is arranged on the base plate. According to the device, the lifting mechanism drives the rotating shaft to move downwards, the pressing head extrudes a welding seam on the surface of a straight seam steel pipe base material, protrusions on the surface of the welding seam are extruded, and then the protrusions on the welding seam are flattened, so that the abrasion loss borne by the abrasive belt is reduced, and the rotating unit drives the rotating sleeve to rotate; and the flattened protrusions are scraped through the scraping unit, the surfaces of the protrusions are rough, then the friction force between the protrusions and the abrasive belt is increased, and therefore the polishing effect of the abrasive belt on the protrusions can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of grinding, and in particular to a grinding tool for the inner and outer full welds of straight seam steel pipes. Background Technique

[0002] Straight seam steel pipes are steel pipes made by rolling and welding hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel plates or steel strips, and are obtained by straight seam welding on welding equipment. They are named because the welded joints of the steel pipes are in a straight line.

[0003] After the existing straight seam steel pipes are welded, it is necessary to grind the excess height of the weld, that is, by grinding the weld, the excess height of the weld on the straight seam steel pipe is made consistent. The currently used grinding equipment mainly drives the sand belt to rotate, and the sand belt is flat against the top surface of the weld. Through the friction between the sand belt and the weld surface, the sand belt grinds the weld surface. During the welding process, protrusions may occur on the weld surface. When these protrusions are ground by the sand belt, due to the small contact area between the protrusions and the sand belt, the sand belt will be severely worn, resulting in a decrease in the service life of the sand belt. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a grinding tool for the inner and outer full welds of straight seam steel pipes to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A grinding tool for the inner and outer full welds of straight seam steel pipes, comprising:

[0007] A fixed flange seat and a base installed at one end of the fixed flange seat;

[0008] A sand belt grinding mechanism installed on the outer wall of one side of the base;

[0009] A vertical plate connected to the outer wall of the base, and a base plate horizontally and fixedly connected to the lower end of the vertical plate;

[0010] A rotating shaft rotatably connected to the base plate, a pressing head fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft, and a lifting mechanism for driving the rotating shaft to move vertically up and down is provided on the base plate.

[0011] Through the above technical solutions, the lifting mechanism drives the rotating shaft to move downward, and the pressing head squeezes the weld on the surface of the straight seam steel pipe base material, so that the protrusions on the weld surface are squeezed, and the protrusions on the weld are flattened, so that the wear amount of the sand belt is reduced.

[0012] Further, a rotation adjustment motor is horizontally installed in the fixed flange seat, the motor shaft of the rotation adjustment motor is drivingly connected to a rotation adjustment seat, and the base is connected to the rotation adjustment seat.

[0013] Through the above technical solution, the motor shaft of the rotation adjustment motor rotates, thereby driving the rotation adjustment seat to rotate, so that the abrasive belt swings in the width direction, so as to timely adjust the position of the abrasive belt and the weld when the straight-seam steel pipe deflects, ensuring the grinding of the weld by the abrasive belt.

[0014] Furthermore, a pneumatic damper is vertically installed in the rotation adjustment seat. The telescopic rod of the pneumatic damper is fixedly connected with a floating seat, and the floating seat is connected with the base.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, the pneumatic damper generates a damping force on the floating seat, so that the base can passively adapt to different weld bead heights.

[0016] Furthermore, an industrial camera is installed at one end of the base away from the fixed flange seat.

[0017] Through the above technical solution, the industrial camera collects images of the weld, and then real-time collects the position information of the weld, ensuring the accurate contact between the abrasive belt and the weld.

[0018] Furthermore, the abrasive belt grinding mechanism includes a driving motor installed on the outer wall of one side of the base. The motor shaft of the driving motor is drivingly connected with a driving wheel. A contact wheel and two guide wheels are rotatably connected to the outer wall of the lower side of the base. The two guide wheels are distributed on the radial two sides of the contact wheel. An abrasive belt is jointly sleeved between the driving wheel, the contact wheel and the two guide wheels.

[0019] Through the above technical solution, the motor shaft of the driving motor rotates, so that the driving wheel can rotate and drive the abrasive belt to rotate, and then the abrasive belt can grind the surface of the weld.

[0020] Furthermore, two deviation correction wheels are also rotatably connected to the outer wall of the base, and the abrasive belt is wound around the deviation correction wheels.

[0021] Through the above technical solution, the deviation correction wheels correct the deviation of the abrasive belt, so that the position of the abrasive belt is not easily offset during grinding.

[0022] Furthermore, a tensioner is also provided on the outer wall of the base, and the tensioner is used to tension the abrasive belt.

[0023] Through the above technical solution, the tensioner tensions the abrasive belt to prevent the abrasive belt from loosening and affecting the grinding effect.

[0024] Furthermore, a rotating sleeve is vertically rotatably connected to the surface of the base plate. The rotating shaft slidably penetrates the rotating sleeve and is key-connected to the rotating sleeve. A rotating unit for driving the rotating sleeve to rotate is provided on the surface of the base plate, and a scraping unit is provided on the pressing head.

[0025] Through the above technical solution, the rotation unit drives the rotating sleeve to rotate, so that the scraping unit scrapes the flattened protrusions, making the surfaces of the protrusions rough, thereby increasing the friction with the abrasive belt, which can improve the grinding effect of the abrasive belt on the protrusions.

[0026] Further, the rotation unit includes a translation cylinder horizontally installed on the outer wall of one side of the substrate. The cylinder rod of the translation cylinder is connected with a rack plate. A gear portion is provided on the periphery of the rotating sleeve, and the gear portion is externally meshed with the rack plate.

[0027] Through the above technical solution, the cylinder rod of the translation cylinder expands and contracts, thereby driving the rack plate to move horizontally. Since the rack plate and the gear portion are in a meshed state, the gear portion can be driven to rotate, so that the rotating sleeve rotates. Since the rotating sleeve is key-connected to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft can be driven to rotate. In addition, the rotating shaft can move vertically on the rotating sleeve, so that the pressing head can perform both lifting and rotating motions.

[0028] Further, the scraping unit includes support arms horizontally and fixedly connected to the periphery of the pressing head in an axial array along the pressing head. A sliding block is slidably sleeved on the support arms. A clamping block is fixedly connected to the downward-facing surface of the sliding block. A connecting block is fixedly embedded on the outer wall of the lower side of the clamping block. A scraping portion is horizontally fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting block facing the pressing head. The top surface of the scraping portion is flush with the bottom surface of the pressing head. A scraping driving assembly is provided on the substrate for driving the scraping portion to move towards the pressing head when the rotating shaft rotates.

[0029] Through the above technical solution, after the protrusions on the weld surface are flattened, the rotating shaft rotates, causing the pressing head and the scraping portion to rotate synchronously. During rotation, the scraping driving assembly drives the scraping portion to move towards the pressing head, so that the scraping portion can move from the outside in the width direction of the weld to the inside in the width direction of the weld, and then the scraping portion grinds the flattened protrusions. The advantage of such a scraping method is that the scraping portion can gradually grind the flattened protrusions, and the scraping resistance received by the scraping portion is small, preventing the scraping portion from being severely worn. In addition, after scraping is completed, when the rotating shaft rotates in the reverse direction, the scraping portion will move away from the pressing head. During the movement, the scraping portion can carry away the scraped protrusion fragments from the weld, preventing additional wear on the surface of the abrasive belt.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. In the present invention, the lifting mechanism drives the rotating shaft to move downward, and the pressing head presses the weld on the surface of the straight-seam steel pipe base material, so that the protrusions on the weld surface are squeezed, and then the protrusions on the weld are flattened, reducing the wear amount of the abrasive belt.

[0032] 2. In the present invention, the rotating sleeve is driven by the rotating unit to rotate, so that the scraping unit scrapes the flattened protrusions, making the surfaces of the protrusions rough, thereby increasing the friction with the abrasive belt, which can improve the grinding effect of the abrasive belt on the protrusions.

[0033] 3. In the present invention, after the protrusions on the weld surface are flattened, the rotating shaft rotates, causing the pressing head and the scraping part to rotate synchronously. During rotation, the scraping drive assembly drives the scraping part to move towards the pressing head, so that the scraping part can move from the outside in the width direction of the weld to the inside in the width direction of the weld, and then the scraping part grinds the flattened protrusions. The advantage of such a scraping method is that the scraping part can gradually grind the flattened protrusions, and the scraping resistance received by the scraping part is small, preventing the scraping part from being severely worn. In addition, after scraping, when the rotating shaft rotates in the reverse direction, the scraping part will move away from the pressing head. During the movement, the scraping part can carry the scraped protrusion fragments away from the weld, preventing additional wear on the surface of the abrasive belt. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a full-weld grinding tool for the inner and outer seams of a straight-seam steel pipe in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the positional relationship in the first perspective in

[0036] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the positional relationship in the second perspective in

[0037] Figure 4 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the positional relationship after omitting some structures in

[0038] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship after the substrate, rotating shaft and rotating sleeve are assembled in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 is Figure 5 a schematic diagram of the positional relationship in the first perspective in

[0040] Figure 7 is Figure 6 an enlarged schematic diagram of the partial structure at A in

[0041] Figure 8 is Figure 5 a schematic diagram of the positional relationship in the second perspective in

[0042] In the figure, the descriptions of each reference numeral are as follows: 1, fixed flange seat; 2, rotation adjustment motor; 3, rotation adjustment seat; 4, floating seat; 5, driving wheel; 6, base; 7, driving motor; 8, industrial camera; 9, tensioner; 10, base plate; 11, deviation rectifying wheel; 12, guiding wheel; 13, contact wheel; 14, abrasive belt; 15, pneumatic damper; 16, vertical plate; 17, lifting cylinder; 18, cylinder bracket; 19, rotating shaft; 20, gear part; 21, rack plate; 22, translation cylinder; 23, pressing head; 24, fixed seat; 25, support arm; 26, scraping part; 27, connecting block; 28, clamping block; 29, sliding block; 30, sliding pin; 31, rotating sleeve; 32, kidney-shaped hole. Specific implementation mode

[0043] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] Please refer to Figures 1-8 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a straight-seam steel pipe internal and external full-weld grinding tool, including a fixed flange seat 1 connected to an external transfer device by screws, the external transfer device can drive the fixed flange seat 1 to move, a rotation adjustment motor 2 is installed inside the fixed flange seat 1, the motor shaft of the rotation adjustment motor 2 is drivingly connected to a rotation adjustment seat 3 through a speed reducer, a floating seat 4 is vertically slidably connected to the surface of the rotation adjustment seat 3, a pneumatic damper 15 is vertically installed inside the rotation adjustment seat 3, the bottom of the outer shell of the pneumatic damper 15 is connected to the inner cavity wall of the rotation adjustment seat 3, the telescopic rod of the pneumatic damper 15 is connected to the floating seat 4, and the axial direction of the telescopic rod of the pneumatic damper 15 is the same as the sliding direction of the floating seat 4 on the rotation adjustment seat 3, so that when the floating seat 4 bears a large upward acting force, the floating seat 4 has a certain buffer through the damping buffer of the pneumatic damper 15. In addition, when the motor shaft of the rotation adjustment motor 2 rotates, it can drive the rotation adjustment seat 3 to rotate and drive the floating seat 4 to rotate;

[0045] A base 6 is installed on the floating seat 4. On one outer wall of the base 6 in the width direction, a driving motor 7 is installed. The motor shaft of the driving motor 7 is drivingly connected to a driving wheel 5. On the lower outer wall of the base 6, a contact wheel 13 and two guide wheels 12 are rotatably connected. The two guide wheels 12 are distributed on both radial sides of the contact wheel 13. A sand belt 14 is jointly sleeved between the driving wheel 5, the contact wheel 13 and the two guide wheels 12. In this way, by rotating the motor shaft of the driving motor 7, the driving wheel 5 can be driven to rotate. When the driving wheel 5 rotates, it can drive the sand belt 14 to move on the contact wheel 13 and the guide wheels 12. In addition, two deviation rectifying wheels 11 are also rotatably connected to the outer wall of the base 6. The sand belt 14 is wound around the deviation rectifying wheels 11, and the deviation rectifying wheels 11 are used to rectify the deviation of the sand belt 14, so that the position of the sand belt 14 is not easily offset during grinding. A tensioner 9 is also provided on the outer wall of the base 6. The tensioner 9 is used to tension the sand belt 14. The sand belt 14 is tensioned by the tensioner 9 to prevent the sand belt 14 from loosening and affecting the grinding effect. An industrial camera 8 is installed at one end of the base 6 away from the fixed flange seat 1. The industrial camera 8 is used to collect images of the weld, and then the position information of the weld is collected in real time to ensure the accurate contact between the sand belt 14 and the weld;

[0046] The outer wall of the base 6 is connected to a vertical plate 16 by screws. The vertical plate 16 is located at the front end of the grinding movement direction of the sand belt 14. A base plate 10 is horizontally and fixedly connected to the lower end of the vertical plate 16. A rotating sleeve 31 is vertically rotatably connected to the base plate 10 through a mounting bearing. A rotating shaft 19 is slidably inserted through the middle hole of the rotating sleeve 31. The rotating shaft 19 is rotatably connected to the base plate 10 through the rotating sleeve 31. A pressing head 23 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft 19. A cylinder bracket 18 is connected to the outer wall of the base plate 10 by screws. A lifting cylinder 17 is vertically installed at the top of the cylinder bracket 18. The cylinder rod of the lifting cylinder 17 is rotatably connected to the top of the rotating shaft 19 through a mounting bearing. By the telescopic movement of the cylinder rod of the lifting cylinder 17, the rotating shaft 19 is driven to move up and down. In addition, the inner wall of the middle hole of the rotating sleeve 31 and the periphery of the rotating shaft 19 are in key connection, so that the rotating sleeve 31 can drive the rotating shaft 19 to rotate, and at the same time, it does not affect the rotation of the rotating shaft 19;

[0047] A translation cylinder 22 is horizontally installed on one outer wall of the base plate 10. The cylinder rod of the translation cylinder 22 is connected to a rack plate 21. A gear part 20 is provided on the periphery of the rotating sleeve 31. The gear part 20 is externally meshed with the rack plate 21. By the telescopic movement of the cylinder rod of the translation cylinder 22, the rack plate 21 is driven to move horizontally. Since the rack plate 21 and the gear part 20 are in a meshing state, the gear part 20 can be driven to rotate, so that the rotating sleeve 31 rotates. Since the rotating sleeve 31 and the rotating shaft 19 are in key connection, the rotating shaft 19 can be driven to rotate. In addition, the rotating shaft 19 can move vertically on the rotating sleeve 31, so that the pressing head 23 can not only move up and down, but also rotate;

[0048] Three support arms 25 are horizontally fixed to the periphery of the pressing head 23. The three support arms 25 are arranged in an axial array along the pressing head 23, and the longitudinal section of the support arm 25 is rectangular. A sliding block 29 is slidably sleeved on the support arm 25. A clamping block 28 is fixedly connected to the downward-facing surface of the sliding block 29. A connecting block 27 is fixedly embedded on the outer wall of the lower side of the clamping block 28. A scraping part 26 is horizontally fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting block 27 facing the pressing head 23. The longitudinal section of the scraping part 26 is triangular, with the upper part wider and the lower part narrower. The top surface of the scraping part 26 is flush with the bottom surface of the pressing head 23.

[0049] A fixing base 24 is connected to the bottom of the substrate 10, and a through groove for the free passage of the rotating shaft 19 is provided on the surface of the fixing base 24. A sliding pin 30 is vertically fixedly connected to the top of the sliding block 29. A kidney-shaped hole 32 for inserting the sliding pin 30 is provided on the lower end surface of the fixing base 24. The length direction of the kidney-shaped hole 32 is inclined towards the radial outer side of the fixing base 24. When the rotating shaft 19 rotates, the sliding pin 30 slides in the kidney-shaped hole 32, and the sliding pin 30 can drive the sliding block 29 to move towards the inner side of the pressing head 23 on the support arm 25.

[0050] The working principle of the present invention:

[0051] The external transfer device drives the fixed flange seat 1 to move slowly along the length direction of the straight seam steel pipe, and makes the lower surface of the abrasive belt 14 corresponding to the periphery of the contact wheel 13 contact with the top surface of the weld of the straight seam steel pipe. Then, the driving motor 7 is started, and the driving motor 7 drives the driving wheel 5 to rotate, so that the abrasive belt 14 rotates on the guide wheel 12, the deviation rectifying wheel 11, the contact wheel 13 and the tensioner 9 to polish the weld.

[0052] During the polishing process, as the fixed flange seat 1 moves, the industrial camera 8 can detect whether there are protrusions on the surface of the weld. When a protrusion is detected and when the pressing head 23 moves above the protrusion, the lifting cylinder 17 is started, and the cylinder rod of the lifting cylinder 17 extends to drive the rotating shaft 19 and the pressing head 23 to move downward, so that the pressing head 23 moves downward and presses the protrusion, thereby flattening the protrusion.

[0053] After being flattened, the protrusion is still higher than the weld. Therefore, the translation cylinder 22 is started, and the cylinder rod of the translation cylinder 22 extends, and then drives the rack plate 21 to move horizontally towards the vertical plate 16. Since the rack plate 21 and the gear part 20 are in a meshing state, the gear part 20 can be driven to rotate, so that the rotating sleeve 31 rotates. Since the rotating sleeve 31 is key-connected to the rotating shaft 19, the rotating shaft 19 can be driven to rotate. In addition, the rotating shaft 19 can move vertically on the rotating sleeve 31, so that the pressing head 23 can move up and down and rotate.

[0054] When the pressing head 23 rotates, it will cause the sliding pin 30 to slide within the kidney-shaped hole 32, and drive the sliding block 29 to move towards the inner side of the pressing head 23 on the support arm 25. Furthermore, it will cause the scraping portion 26 to also move towards the inner side of the pressing head 23, enabling the scraping portion 26 to scrape the flattened protrusion. After the pressing head 23 rotates into place, the cylinder rod of the translation cylinder 22 shortens, thereby driving the rotating sleeve 31 to rotate in the reverse direction. As a result, the scraping portion 26 moves away from the pressing head 23, and the scraping portion 26 takes the scraped fragments of the protrusion away from the weld. At this time, the surface of the weld is relatively rough, resulting in a better grinding effect after contacting the sand belt 14.

[0055] It should be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A straight seam steel pipe internal and external full weld grinding tool, characterized in that: include: A fixed flange seat (1) and a base (6) mounted on one end of the fixed flange seat (1); A sanding belt grinding mechanism installed on an outer wall of one side of the base (6); A vertical plate (16) connected to the outer wall of the base (6), wherein the lower end of the vertical plate (16) is horizontally fixedly connected to the base plate (10); A rotating shaft (19) is rotatably connected to the base plate (10), a pressing head (23) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft (19), and a lifting mechanism for driving the rotating shaft (19) to move vertically back and forth is provided on the base plate (10).

2. A straight seam steel pipe internal and external full weld grinding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotation adjustment motor (2) is horizontally installed in the fixed flange seat (1); the motor shaft of the rotation adjustment motor (2) is drivingly connected to the rotation adjustment seat (3); and the base (6) is connected to the rotation adjustment seat (3).

3. A straight seam steel pipe internal and external full weld grinding tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: A pneumatic damper (15) is vertically installed in the rotating adjustment seat (3), the telescopic rod of the pneumatic damper (15) is fixedly connected to a floating seat (4), and the floating seat (4) is connected to the base (6).

4. A straight seam steel pipe internal and external full weld grinding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: An industrial camera (8) is mounted on one end of the base (6) away from the fixed flange seat (1).

5. A straight seam steel pipe internal and external full weld grinding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The abrasive belt grinding mechanism comprises a driving motor (7) mounted on an outer wall of one side of the base (6); the motor shaft of the driving motor (7) is drivingly connected to a driving wheel (5); the lower outer wall of the base (6) is rotatably connected to a contact wheel (13) and two guide wheels (12); the two guide wheels (12) are distributed on both sides of the contact wheel (13) in a radial direction; and an abrasive belt (14) is commonly sheathed between the driving wheel (5), the contact wheel (13) and the two guide wheels (12).

6. A straight seam steel pipe internal and external full weld grinding tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer wall of the base (6) is also rotatably connected to two deviation-correcting wheels (11), and the sanding belt (14) is wound around the deviation-correcting wheels (11).

7. A straight seam steel pipe internal and external full weld grinding tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer wall of the base (6) is also provided with a tensioner (9), and the tensioner (9) is used to tension the sanding belt (14).

8. A straight seam steel pipe internal and external full weld grinding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the base plate (10) is vertically rotatably connected to a rotating sleeve (31); the rotating shaft (19) slidably penetrates the rotating sleeve (31) and is key-connected to the rotating sleeve (31); the surface of the base plate (10) is provided with a rotating unit for driving the rotating sleeve (31) to rotate; and the pressing head (23) is provided with a scraping unit.

9. A straight seam steel pipe internal and external full weld grinding tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rotating unit comprises a translation cylinder (22) horizontally mounted on an outer wall of one side of the base plate (10); a cylinder rod of the translation cylinder (22) is connected to a rack plate (21); a gear portion (20) is provided on the periphery of the rotating sleeve (31); and the gear portion (20) is externally meshed with the rack plate (21).

10. A straight seam steel pipe internal and external full weld grinding tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The scraping unit comprises a support arm (25) horizontally fixed to the periphery of the pressing head (23) along the axial array of the pressing head (23); a sliding block (29) is slidably mounted on the support arm (25); a clamping block (28) is fixedly mounted on the downward side of the sliding block (29); a connecting block (27) is fixedly embedded on the lower outer wall of the clamping block (28); a scraping portion (26) is horizontally fixedly mounted on the side of the connecting block (27) facing the pressing head (23); the top surface of the scraping portion (26) is flush with the bottom surface of the pressing head (23); and a scraping drive component is provided on the base plate (10) for driving the scraping portion (26) to move toward the pressing head (23) when the rotating shaft (19) rotates.

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