High-strength zinc alloy material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of alloy materials, and discloses a high-strength zinc alloy material and a preparation method thereof.The high-strength zinc alloy material comprises a plurality of hierarchical structures, and each layer has different component and performance characteristics; the zinc alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5%-5% of copper, 2%-10% of aluminum, 0.1%-1% of rare earth elements, 0.05%-0.5% of silicon, 0.01%-0.1% of boron, 0.02%-0.2% of titanium, 0.05%-0.5% of magnesium, 0.01%-0.1% of antimony, 0.05%-0.5% of manganese, 0.01%-0.1% of iron, 0.001%-0.01% of carbon, 0.001%-0.01% of sulfur, 0.001%-0.01% of phosphorus and the balance of zinc and inevitable impurities. The invention aims to solve the problems of single performance, insufficient wear resistance, poor corrosion resistance, poor damping performance and the like of the existing zinc alloy material, provides the zinc alloy material with a multi-layer structure, and realizes the comprehensive optimization of the material performance through the composition and performance characteristics of different layers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly to a high-strength zinc alloy material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a widely used metal material, zinc alloy has been widely applied in the fields of automobile, machinery, electronics, aerospace, etc. due to its good mechanical properties, processing performance and relatively low production cost. However, traditional zinc alloy materials have certain limitations in performance, mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Traditional zinc alloys usually adopt a single composition and structure design, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the diverse requirements of high strength, high wear resistance, good toughness and corrosion resistance. Under complex working conditions, zinc alloys with a single property often fail to achieve ideal service life and reliability.

[0003] 2. Under high-load and high-friction working conditions, the wear resistance of traditional zinc alloys is poor, and wear and surface damage are prone to occur, resulting in a decline in material performance and a shortened service life.

[0004] 3. Zinc alloys are prone to corrosion in humid environments or corrosive media, affecting the surface quality and overall performance of the materials, and restricting their application in harsh environments.

[0005] 4. The damping performance of traditional zinc alloys is limited, and it is difficult to effectively absorb and disperse stress under high-vibration working conditions, which may lead to fatigue failure of the materials.

[0006] In order to overcome these deficiencies, researchers have been exploring new material design and preparation methods. In recent years, the design concept of multi-hierarchical structure materials has gradually attracted attention. By designing different hierarchical structures inside the materials and enabling each layer to have different composition and performance characteristics, the comprehensive optimization of material performance can be achieved.

[0007] Based on the above background, the present invention proposes a composite multi-hierarchical zinc alloy material and a preparation method thereof. Through innovative hierarchical structure design, cooling rate control, heat treatment process optimization and diversified surface treatment technologies, the comprehensive performance of the zinc alloy material is significantly improved, enabling it to meet the diverse requirements under complex working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to solve the problems of single performance, insufficient wear resistance, poor corrosion resistance and poor damping performance of existing zinc alloy materials, and provides a zinc alloy material with a multi-hierarchical structure, achieving the comprehensive optimization of material performance through the composition and performance characteristics of different layers.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The technical solution provided by the present invention is: a high-strength zinc alloy material, the zinc alloy material includes multiple hierarchical structures, each layer having different composition and performance characteristics. The composition of the zinc alloy material by mass percentage includes the following components: 0.5% - 5% copper, 2% - 10% aluminum, 0.1% - 1% rare earth elements, 0.05% - 0.5% silicon, 0.01% - 0.1% boron, 0.02% - 0.2% titanium, 0.05% - 0.5% magnesium, 0.01% - 0.1% antimony, 0.05% - 0.5% manganese, 0.01% - 0.1% iron, 0.001% - 0.01% carbon, 0.001% - 0.01% sulfur, 0.001% - 0.01% phosphorus, the balance being zinc and inevitable impurities.

[0010] Further, the hierarchical structure of the zinc alloy material includes: a first layer, a second layer and a third layer; The first layer: a strengthening layer near the surface, the copper content of the strengthening layer is 3% - 5%, the aluminum content is 5% - 8%, the rare earth element content is 0.5% - 1%, the silicon content is 0.2% - 0.5%, the boron content is 0.05% - 0.1%, the titanium content is 0.1% - 0.2%, the magnesium content is 0.2% - 0.5%, the antimony content is 0.05% - 0.1%, the manganese content is 0.2% - 0.5%, the iron content is 0.05% - 0.1%, the carbon content is 0.005% - 0.01%, the sulfur content is 0.005% - 0.01%, and the phosphorus content is 0.005% - 0.01%; The second layer: a middle toughness layer, the copper content of the toughness layer is 1% - 3%, the aluminum content is 3% - 6%, the rare earth element content is 0.2% - 0.5%, the silicon content is 0.05% - 0.2%, the boron content is 0.01% - 0.05%, the titanium content is 0.05% - 0.1%, the magnesium content is 0.1% - 0.3%, the antimony content is 0.01% - 0.05%, the manganese content is 0.1% - 0.3%, the iron content is 0.01% - 0.05%, the carbon content is 0.001% - 0.005%, the sulfur content is 0.001% - 0.005%, and the phosphorus content is 0.001% - 0.005%; The third layer: a base layer, the copper content of the base layer is 0.5% - 2%, the aluminum content is 2% - 5%, the rare earth element content is 0.1% - 0.3%, the silicon content is 0.01% - 0.1%, the boron content is 0.005% - 0.02%, the titanium content is 0.02% - 0.05%, the magnesium content is 0.05% - 0.2%, the antimony content is 0.005% - 0.02%, the manganese content is 0.05% - 0.2%, the iron content is 0.005% - 0.02%, the carbon content is 0.0005% - 0.001%, the sulfur content is 0.0005% - 0.001%, and the phosphorus content is 0.0005% - 0.001%.

[0011] Furthermore, the surface of the zinc alloy material is also treated with a special coating, which includes one or more layers. The composition and thickness of each layer can be adjusted according to needs to further improve the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and surface hardness of the material.

[0012] Furthermore, a microporous structure is also provided inside the zinc alloy material. The pore diameter of the microporous structure is 10 μm - 100 μm, and the porosity is 5% - 20%. The microporous structure can effectively reduce the weight of the material while improving the shock absorption performance and energy absorption capacity of the material.

[0013] Furthermore, a method for preparing a high-strength zinc alloy material includes the following steps: S1: Accurately weigh each raw material component according to the composition ratio of the zinc alloy material, including zinc, copper, aluminum, rare earth elements, silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus; S2: Put zinc into a melting furnace and heat it until it melts, then sequentially add copper, aluminum, rare earth elements, silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus, stir evenly, and control the melting temperature between 400°C and 600°C, and the melting time is 1 - 3 hours; S3: Pour the melted alloy liquid into the pre-prepared molds according to the requirements of the hierarchical structure, and by controlling the pouring speed and cooling speed, make the alloy liquid form different hierarchical structures in the molds; S4: Let the poured alloy cool naturally in the mold or adopt forced cooling to make it solidify and form; S5: Perform heat treatment on the solidified alloy material, including solution treatment and aging treatment. The solution treatment temperature is 300°C - 450°C, and the holding time is 1 - 5 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 100°C - 200°C, and the holding time is 5 - 20 hours; S6: Perform surface treatment on the heat-treated alloy material, including grinding, polishing, coating treatment, etc., to improve the surface quality and performance of the material; S7: Perform performance testing on the treated alloy material, and after passing the test, package it to obtain a composite multi-layered zinc alloy material.

[0014] Furthermore, in S2, the rare earth elements are added in the form of rare earth alloys, and the addition amount of the rare earth alloys is adjusted according to the content of the rare earth elements in the zinc alloy material.

[0015] Furthermore, in S4, by setting different cooling channels and temperature control devices in the mold, different cooling rates of the alloy liquid are formed in the mold, so as to achieve the formation of the hierarchical structure.

[0016] Further, in S5, the temperatures and times of the solution treatment and the aging treatment can be adjusted according to the specific composition and performance requirements of the zinc alloy material to optimize the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the material.

[0017] Further, in S6, the coating treatment is carried out by electroless plating, electroplating or physical vapor deposition (PVD). The composition and thickness of the coating can be selected according to needs to meet different usage requirements.

[0018] Further, after S4, the alloy material is machined to obtain the required shape and size.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows: (1) Through the unique hierarchical structure design of the present invention, the material has targeted performance characteristics in different regions. The strengthening layer is close to the surface. Through high-content alloy elements such as copper and aluminum and rapid cooling process, a fine grain structure is formed, significantly improving the hardness and wear resistance of the material, effectively resisting surface friction and high-load working conditions, and significantly extending the service life of the material. The toughness layer is located in the middle. Its alloy composition and moderate cooling rate endow it with good toughness and impact resistance, effectively absorbing and dispersing stress, preventing the material from cracking under high-impact working conditions, and improving the reliability and safety of the material. The base layer, as the support layer, ensures the stability of the overall structure through stable alloy composition and slow cooling process, while providing excellent corrosion resistance, enabling the material to work stably in complex environments for a long time. This hierarchical structure design realizes the comprehensive optimization of material properties, making it perform excellently under complex working conditions, and significantly improving the service life and reliability of the material.

[0020] (2) Rare earth elements (such as yttrium, cerium, lanthanum, etc.) are added to the zinc alloy of the present invention. These elements can significantly improve the microstructure of the material and its corrosion resistance. The rare earth elements form stable compounds in the alloy, effectively inhibiting the penetration of corrosive media and enhancing the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the material. In addition, through special coating treatments (such as electroless nickel-phosphorus plating, electroplating nickel-phosphorus plating, PVD titanium-aluminum or titanium nitride coating), the surface corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the material are further improved. These coatings can not only provide a physical barrier to prevent corrosive media from contacting the substrate, but also form a good bonding force with the substrate, enhancing the overall performance of the material. Therefore, the zinc alloy material of the present invention exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in humid environments or corrosive media, significantly extending the service life of the material and broadening its application range in harsh environments.

[0021] (3) The present invention designs a microporous structure inside the material. The pore diameter of the micropores ranges from 10 μm to 100 μm, and the porosity is 5% - 20%. The design of this microporous structure has multiple advantages: on the one hand, the existence of micropores can effectively reduce the weight of the material and decrease its density, thereby achieving the lightweight of the material without sacrificing strength, which is of great significance for some weight-sensitive application scenarios (such as the aerospace and automotive industries); on the other hand, the microporous structure can significantly improve the shock absorption performance and energy absorption capacity of the material. Under high-vibration working conditions, the microporous structure can absorb and disperse vibration energy, reduce stress concentration, lower the risk of fatigue failure of the material, and improve the service life and reliability of the material. Therefore, the zinc alloy material of the present invention performs excellently under high-vibration working conditions, can effectively absorb and disperse stress, reduce the risk of fatigue failure of the material, and significantly enhance the applicability and market competitiveness of the material. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a comparison table of the embodiments of a high-strength zinc alloy material and its preparation method proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 It is a comparison table of a high-strength zinc alloy material and its preparation method proposed by the present invention and the prior art; Detailed Embodiments

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] The specific implementation process is as follows: Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-2 , a technical solution provided by the present invention: a high-strength zinc alloy material. The zinc alloy material includes multiple hierarchical structures, and each layer has different composition and performance characteristics. The composition of the zinc alloy material by mass percentage includes the following components: 0.5% - 5% copper, 2% - 10% aluminum, 0.1% - 1% rare earth element, 0.05% - 0.5% silicon, 0.01% - 0.1% boron, 0.02% - 0.2% titanium, 0.05% - 0.5% magnesium, 0.01% - 0.1% antimony, 0.05% - 0.5% manganese, 0.01% - 0.1% iron, 0.001% - 0.01% carbon, 0.001% - 0.01% sulfur, 0.001% - 0.01% phosphorus, the balance being zinc and unavoidable impurities.

[0025] The hierarchical structure of the zinc alloy material includes: the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer; The first layer: the strengthening layer near the surface, the copper content of the strengthening layer is 3%-5%, the aluminum content is 5%-8%, the rare earth element content is 0.5%-1%, the silicon content is 0.2%-0.5%, the boron content is 0.05%-0.1%, the titanium content is 0.1%-0.2%, the magnesium content is 0.2%-0.5%, the antimony content is 0.05%-0.1%, the manganese content is 0.2%-0.5%, the iron content is 0.05%-0.1%, the carbon content is 0.005%-0.01%, the sulfur content is 0.005%-0.01%, and the phosphorus content is 0.005%-0.01%; The second layer: the intermediate toughness layer, the copper content of the toughness layer is 1%-3%, the aluminum content is 3%-6%, the rare earth element content is 0.2%-0.5%, the silicon content is 0.05%-0.2%, the boron content is 0.01%-0.05%, the titanium content is 0.05%-0.1%, the magnesium content is 0.1%-0.3%, the antimony content is 0.01%-0.05%, the manganese content is 0.1%-0.3%, the iron content is 0.01%-0.05%, the carbon content is 0.001%-0.005%, the sulfur content is 0.001%-0.005%, and the phosphorus content is 0.001%-0.005%; The third layer: the base layer, the copper content of the base layer is 0.5%-2%, the aluminum content is 2%-5%, the rare earth element content is 0.1%-0.3%, the silicon content is 0.01%-0.1%, the boron content is 0.005%-0.02%, the titanium content is 0.02%-0.05%, the magnesium content is 0.05%-0.2%, the antimony content is 0.005%-0.02%, the manganese content is 0.05%-0.2%, the iron content is 0.005%-0.02%, the carbon content is 0.0005%-0.001%, the sulfur content is 0.0005%-0.001%, and the phosphorus content is 0.0005%-0.001%.

[0026] The surface of the zinc alloy material also undergoes special coating treatment. The coating includes one or more layers, and the composition and thickness of each layer can be adjusted according to needs to further improve the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and surface hardness of the material.

[0027] The interior of the zinc alloy material is also provided with a microporous structure. The pore diameter of the microporous structure is 10μm - 100μm, and the porosity is 5%-20%. The microporous structure can effectively reduce the weight of the material while improving the shock absorption performance and energy absorption capacity of the material.

[0028] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1-2, a technical solution provided by the present invention: a preparation method of a high-strength zinc alloy material, comprising the following steps: S1: Accurately weigh each raw material component according to the composition ratio of the zinc alloy material, including zinc, copper, aluminum, rare earth elements, silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus; S2: Put zinc into a melting furnace and heat it until it melts, then successively add copper, aluminum, rare earth elements, silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus, stir evenly, control the melting temperature between 400°C and 600°C, and the melting time is 1 - 3 hours; S3: Pour the melted alloy liquid into the pre-prepared molds respectively according to the requirements of the hierarchical structure, and by controlling the pouring speed and cooling speed, make the alloy liquid form different hierarchical structures in the molds; S4: Let the poured alloy cool naturally in the mold or adopt forced cooling to make it solidify and form; S5: Perform heat treatment on the solidified alloy material, including solution treatment and aging treatment. The solution treatment temperature is 300°C - 450°C, and the holding time is 1 - 5 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 100°C - 200°C, and the holding time is 5 - 20 hours; S6: Perform surface treatment on the heat-treated alloy material, including grinding, polishing, coating treatment, etc., to improve the surface quality and performance of the material; S7: Perform performance testing on the treated alloy material, and after passing the test, package it to obtain a composite multi-hierarchical zinc alloy material.

[0029] In S2, the rare earth elements are added in the form of rare earth alloys, and the addition amount of the rare earth alloys is adjusted according to the content of the rare earth elements in the zinc alloy material.

[0030] In S4, by setting different cooling channels and temperature control devices in the mold, different cooling rates of the alloy liquid are formed in the mold, so as to realize the formation of the hierarchical structure.

[0031] In S5, the temperature and time of the solution treatment and aging treatment can be adjusted according to the specific composition and performance requirements of the zinc alloy material to optimize the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the material.

[0032] In S6, the coating treatment is carried out by electroless plating, electroplating or physical vapor deposition (PVD). The composition and thickness of the coating can be selected according to needs to meet different usage requirements.

[0033] After S4, the alloy material is machined to obtain the required shape and size.

[0034] Example Three: Please refer toFigure 1-2 A technical solution provided by the present invention: a high-strength zinc alloy material and its preparation method. Weigh each raw material component according to the following proportions: 92.5% zinc, 3.0% copper, 5.0% aluminum, 0.5% rare earth element (yttrium), 0.2% silicon, 0.05% boron, 0.1% titanium, 0.2% magnesium, 0.05% antimony, 0.2% manganese, 0.05% iron, 0.005% carbon, 0.005% sulfur, 0.005% phosphorus; Put zinc into a melting furnace and heat it to 450 °C to melt. Then, add copper, aluminum, rare earth element (yttrium), silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus in sequence, stir evenly, and control the melting time to be 2 hours; Pour the melted alloy liquid into the pre-prepared molds according to the requirements of the hierarchical structure; the mold is designed as a three-layer structure. By controlling the pouring speed and cooling speed, different hierarchical structures are formed in the mold; The specific steps are as follows: The first layer (strengthening layer): 5% copper, 8% aluminum, 1% rare earth element (yttrium), 0.5% silicon, 0.1% boron, 0.2% titanium, 0.5% magnesium, 0.1% antimony, 0.5% manganese, 0.1% iron, 0.01% carbon, 0.01% sulfur, 0.01% phosphorus; Pour the alloy liquid onto the surface layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be relatively fast and the cooling speed to be relatively fast to form a high-hardness strengthening layer; Adopt forced cooling, and control the cooling rate to be 10 °C / s - 20 °C / s; The second layer (toughness layer): 3% copper, 6% aluminum, 0.5% rare earth element (yttrium), 0.2% silicon, 0.05% boron, 0.1% titanium, 0.3% magnesium, 0.05% antimony, 0.3% manganese, 0.05% iron, 0.005% carbon, 0.005% sulfur, 0.005% phosphorus; Pour the alloy liquid into the middle layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be moderate and the cooling speed to be moderate to form a good toughness layer; Adopt a combination of natural cooling and forced cooling, and control the cooling rate to be 5 °C / s - 10 °C / s; The third layer (base layer): 2% copper, 5% aluminum, 0.3% rare earth element (yttrium), 0.1% silicon, 0.02% boron, 0.05% titanium, 0.2% magnesium, 0.02% antimony, 0.2% manganese, 0.02% iron, 0.001% carbon, 0.001% sulfur, 0.001% phosphorus; Pour the alloy liquid onto the bottom layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be relatively slow and the cooling speed to be relatively slow to form a stable base layer; Natural cooling is adopted, and the cooling rate is controlled at 1℃ / s - 5℃ / s; The cast alloy is naturally cooled to room temperature in the mold to solidify and form; The solidified alloy material is heat-treated: Solution treatment: The temperature is 350℃, and the holding time is 3 hours; Aging treatment: The temperature is 150℃, and the holding time is 10 hours; The surface treatment is carried out on the heat-treated alloy material: Remove surface impurities and improve surface finish; Coating treatment is carried out by electroless plating, the coating thickness is 10μm, and the composition can be selected according to needs, such as nickel-phosphorus alloy coating; The performance of the treated alloy material is detected, including hardness test, wear resistance test, corrosion resistance test, etc.; after passing the detection, it is packaged to obtain the composite multi-layer zinc alloy material.

[0035] Example 4: Please refer to Figure 1-2 , a technical solution provided by the present invention: a high-strength zinc alloy material and its preparation method, weighing each raw material component according to the following proportions: 90.0% zinc, 5.0% copper, 8.0% aluminum, 1.0% rare earth element (cerium), 0.5% silicon, 0.1% boron, 0.2% titanium, 0.5% magnesium, 0.1% antimony, 0.5% manganese, 0.1% iron, 0.01% carbon, 0.01% sulfur, 0.01% phosphorus; Put zinc into the melting furnace and heat it to 500℃ to melt, and then add copper, aluminum, rare earth element (cerium), silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus in sequence, stir evenly, and control the melting time to be 3 hours; Pour the melted alloy liquid into the pre-prepared mold according to the requirements of the hierarchical structure; the mold is designed as a three-layer structure, and by controlling the pouring speed and cooling speed, the alloy liquid forms different hierarchical structures in the mold; the specific steps are as follows: The first layer (strengthening layer): 5% copper, 8% aluminum, 1% rare earth element (cerium), 0.5% silicon, 0.1% boron, 0.2% titanium, 0.5% magnesium, 0.1% antimony, 0.5% manganese, 0.1% iron, 0.01% carbon, 0.01% sulfur, 0.01% phosphorus; Pour the alloy liquid into the surface layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be faster and the cooling speed to be faster to form a high-hardness strengthening layer; Adopt forced cooling, and control the cooling rate at 15℃ / s - 25℃ / s; The second layer (toughness layer): 3% copper, 6% aluminum, 0.5% rare earth element (cerium), 0.2% silicon, 0.05% boron, 0.1% titanium, 0.3% magnesium, 0.05% antimony, 0.3% manganese, 0.05% iron, 0.005% carbon, 0.005% sulfur, 0.005% phosphorus; Pour the alloy liquid into the middle layer of the mold, and control the pouring speed and cooling speed to be moderate to form a good toughness layer; Adopt a combination of natural cooling and forced cooling, and control the cooling rate at 5°C / s - 10°C / s; The third layer (base layer): 2% copper, 5% aluminum, 0.3% rare earth element (cerium), 0.1% silicon, 0.02% boron, 0.05% titanium, 0.2% magnesium, 0.02% antimony, 0.2% manganese, 0.02% iron, 0.001% carbon, 0.001% sulfur, 0.001% phosphorus; Pour the alloy liquid into the bottom layer of the mold, and control the pouring speed and cooling speed to be slow to form a stable base layer; Adopt natural cooling, and control the cooling rate at 1°C / s - 5°C / s; Let the poured alloy cool naturally in the mold to room temperature and solidify; Heat-treat the solidified alloy material: Solution treatment: The temperature is 400°C and keep it warm for 5 hours; Aging treatment: The temperature is 200°C and keep it warm for 15 hours; Perform surface treatment on the heat-treated alloy material: Remove surface impurities and improve surface finish; Perform coating treatment by electroplating, the coating thickness is 20μm, and the composition can be selected according to needs, such as nickel-phosphorus alloy coating; Perform performance testing on the treated alloy material, including hardness testing, wear resistance testing, corrosion resistance testing, etc.; After passing the inspection, package it to obtain the composite multi-layer zinc alloy material.

[0036] Example Five: Please refer to Figure 1-2 , a technical solution provided by the present invention: A high-strength zinc alloy material and its preparation method, weigh each raw material component according to the following proportions: 91.0% zinc, 4.0% copper, 7.0% aluminum, 0.8% rare earth element (lanthanum), 0.3% silicon, 0.08% boron, 0.15% titanium, 0.4% magnesium, 0.08% antimony, 0.4% manganese, 0.08% iron, 0.008% carbon, 0.008% sulfur, 0.008% phosphorus; Put zinc into a smelting furnace and heat it to 480 °C until it melts. Then, add copper, aluminum, rare earth element (lanthanum), silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus in sequence, and stir evenly. Control the smelting time to be 2.5 hours. Pour the smelted alloy liquid into the pre-prepared molds according to the requirements of the hierarchical structure. The mold is designed with a three-layer structure. By controlling the pouring speed and cooling speed, different hierarchical structures are formed in the mold. The specific steps are as follows: The first layer (strengthening layer): copper 4.5%, aluminum 7.5%, rare earth element (lanthanum) 0.9%, silicon 0.4%, boron 0.1%, titanium 0.18%, magnesium 0.45%, antimony 0.09%, manganese 0.45%, iron 0.09%, carbon 0.01%, sulfur 0.01%, phosphorus 0.01%; Pour the alloy liquid into the surface layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be relatively fast and the cooling speed to be relatively fast to form a high-hardness strengthening layer. Adopt forced cooling, and control the cooling rate to be between 12 °C / s and 20 °C / s. The second layer (toughness layer): copper 3.5%, aluminum 6.5%, rare earth element (lanthanum) 0.6%, silicon 0.25%, boron 0.06%, titanium 0.12%, magnesium 0.35%, antimony 0.07%, manganese 0.35%, iron 0.07%, carbon 0.006%, sulfur 0.006%, phosphorus 0.006%; Pour the alloy liquid into the middle layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be moderate and the cooling speed to be moderate to form a good toughness layer. Adopt a combination of natural cooling and forced cooling, and control the cooling rate to be between 6 °C / s and 12 °C / s. The third layer (base layer): copper 2.5%, aluminum 5.5%, rare earth element (lanthanum) 0.4%, silicon 0.15%, boron 0.03%, titanium 0.08%, magnesium 0.3%, antimony 0.06%, manganese 0.3%, iron 0.06%, carbon 0.002%, sulfur 0.002%, phosphorus 0.002%; Pour the alloy liquid into the bottom layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be slow and the cooling speed to be slow to form a stable base layer. Adopt natural cooling, and control the cooling rate to be between 2 °C / s and 6 °C / s. Let the poured alloy cool naturally in the mold to room temperature and solidify into shape. Conduct heat treatment on the solidified alloy material: Solution treatment: The temperature is 380 °C and keep it warm for 4 hours. Aging treatment: The temperature is 180 °C and keep it warm for 12 hours. Perform surface treatment on the heat-treated alloy material: Remove surface impurities and improve surface finish; Perform coating treatment by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The coating thickness is 15 μm, and the composition can be selected according to needs, such as titanium-aluminum coating; Perform performance testing on the treated alloy material, including hardness testing, wear resistance testing, corrosion resistance testing, etc.; after passing the testing, perform packaging to obtain the composite multi-layer zinc alloy material.

[0037] Example 6: Please refer to Figure 1-2 , a technical solution provided by the present invention: a high-strength zinc alloy material and its preparation method. Weigh each raw material component according to the following proportions: 90.5% zinc, 4.5% copper, 6.5% aluminum, 0.7% rare earth elements (where yttrium is 0.4% and cerium is 0.3%), 0.35% silicon, 0.07% boron, 0.14% titanium, 0.35% magnesium, 0.07% antimony, 0.35% manganese, 0.07% iron, 0.007% carbon, 0.007% sulfur, 0.007% phosphorus Put zinc into a melting furnace and heat it to 520 °C to melt. Then, add copper, aluminum, rare earth elements (yttrium and cerium), silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus in sequence, stir evenly, and control the melting time to be 2 hours; Pour the melted alloy liquid into the pre-prepared molds according to the requirements of the multi-layer structure; the molds are designed with a three-layer structure. By controlling the pouring speed and cooling speed, the alloy liquid forms different multi-layer structures in the molds. The specific steps are as follows: The first layer (reinforcement layer): 5.0% copper, 8.0% aluminum, rare earth elements (yttrium 0.5%, cerium 0.4%), 0.5% silicon, 0.1% boron, 0.2% titanium, 0.5% magnesium, 0.1% antimony, 0.5% manganese, 0.1% iron, 0.01% carbon, 0.01% sulfur, 0.01% phosphorus; Pour the alloy liquid into the surface layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be relatively fast and the cooling speed to be relatively fast to form a high-hardness reinforcement layer; Adopt forced cooling, and control the cooling rate to be 15 °C / s - 25 °C / s; The second layer (toughness layer): 3.0% copper, 6.0% aluminum, rare earth elements (yttrium 0.3%, cerium 0.2%), 0.2% silicon, 0.05% boron, 0.1% titanium, 0.3% magnesium, 0.05% antimony, 0.3% manganese, 0.05% iron, 0.005% carbon, 0.005% sulfur, 0.005% phosphorus; Pour the alloy liquid into the middle layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be moderate and the cooling speed to be moderate to form a good toughness layer; Adopt a combination of natural cooling and forced cooling, and control the cooling rate at 5℃ / s - 10℃ / s; The third layer (base layer): 2.0% copper, 5.0% aluminum, rare earth elements (0.2% yttrium, 0.1% cerium), 0.1% silicon, 0.02% boron, 0.05% titanium, 0.2% magnesium, 0.02% antimony, 0.2% manganese, 0.02% iron, 0.001% carbon, 0.001% sulfur, 0.001% phosphorus; Pour the melted alloy liquid into the bottom layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be slow and the cooling speed to be slow to form a stable base layer; Adopt natural cooling, and control the cooling rate at 1℃ / s - 5℃ / s; Let the poured alloy cool naturally in the mold to room temperature and solidify; Conduct heat treatment on the solidified alloy material: Solution treatment: The temperature is 420℃ and keep it warm for 3 hours; Aging treatment: The temperature is 160℃ and keep it warm for 10 hours; Conduct surface treatment on the heat-treated alloy material: Remove surface impurities and improve surface finish; Adopt electroless plating for coating treatment, the coating thickness is 12μm, and the composition can be selected according to needs, such as nickel-phosphorus alloy coating; Conduct performance testing on the treated alloy material, including hardness testing, wear resistance testing, corrosion resistance testing, etc.; after passing the testing, conduct packaging to obtain the composite multi-layer zinc alloy material.

[0038] Example Seven: Please refer to Figure 1-2 , a technical solution provided by the present invention: a high-strength zinc alloy material and its preparation method, weigh each raw material component according to the following proportions: 91.5% zinc, 3.5% copper, 7.5% aluminum, 0.6% rare earth elements (where 0.3% yttrium, 0.3% lanthanum), 0.3% silicon, 0.06% boron, 0.12% titanium, 0.3% magnesium, 0.06% antimony, 0.3% manganese, 0.06% iron, 0.006% carbon, 0.006% sulfur, 0.006% phosphorus; Put zinc into a melting furnace and heat it to 470℃ to melt, then add copper, aluminum, rare earth elements (yttrium and lanthanum), silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus in sequence, stir evenly, and control the melting time to be 2 hours; Pour the melted alloy liquid into the pre-prepared molds respectively according to the requirements of the hierarchical structure; the mold is designed with a three-layer structure, and by controlling the pouring speed and the cooling speed, different hierarchical structures are formed in the mold; the specific steps are as follows: The first layer (reinforcement layer): copper 4.0%, aluminum 8.0%, rare earth elements (yttrium 0.4%, lanthanum 0.3%), silicon 0.4%, boron 0.1%, titanium 0.15%, magnesium 0.4%, antimony 0.1%, manganese 0.4%, iron 0.1%, carbon 0.01%, sulfur 0.01%, phosphorus 0.01%; Pour the alloy liquid into the surface layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be relatively fast and the cooling speed to be relatively fast to form a high-hardness reinforcement layer; Adopt forced cooling, and control the cooling rate at 10°C / s - 20°C / s; The second layer (toughness layer): copper 3.0%, aluminum 7.0%, rare earth elements (yttrium 0.3%, lanthanum 0.2%), silicon 0.25%, boron 0.05%, titanium 0.1%, magnesium 0.3%, antimony 0.07%, manganese 0.3%, iron 0.07%, carbon 0.005%, sulfur 0.005%, phosphorus 0.005%; Pour the alloy liquid into the middle layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be moderate and the cooling speed to be moderate to form a good toughness layer; Adopt a combination of natural cooling and forced cooling, and control the cooling rate at 5°C / s - 10°C / s; The third layer (base layer): copper 2.5%, aluminum 6.0%, rare earth elements (yttrium 0.2%, lanthanum 0.2%), silicon 0.15%, boron 0.03%, titanium 0.08%, magnesium 0.25%, antimony 0.05%, manganese 0.2%, iron 0.05%, carbon 0.002%, sulfur 0.002%, phosphorus 0.002%; Pour the alloy liquid into the bottom layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be slow and the cooling speed to be slow to form a stable base layer; Adopt natural cooling, and control the cooling rate at 2°C / s - 6°C / s; Let the poured alloy cool naturally in the mold to room temperature and solidify; Perform heat treatment on the solidified alloy material: Solution treatment: the temperature is 360°C and keep it warm for 4 hours; Aging treatment: the temperature is 140°C and keep it warm for 12 hours; Perform surface treatment on the heat-treated alloy material: Remove surface impurities and improve surface finish; Coating treatment is carried out by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The coating thickness is 10 μm, and the composition can be selected according to needs, such as titanium nitride coating; Perform performance tests on the treated alloy material, including hardness test, wear resistance test, corrosion resistance test, etc.; After passing the tests, it is packaged to obtain the composite multi-layer zinc alloy material.

[0039] Example Eight: Please refer to Figure 1-2 , a technical solution provided by the present invention: a high-strength zinc alloy material and its preparation method. Weigh each raw material component according to the following proportions: 92.0% zinc, 3.0% copper, 8.0% aluminum, 0.5% rare earth elements (including 0.3% cerium and 0.2% lanthanum), 0.35% silicon, 0.07% boron, 0.13% titanium, 0.35% magnesium, 0.07% antimony, 0.35% manganese, 0.07% iron, 0.007% carbon, 0.007% sulfur, 0.007% phosphorus Put zinc into a melting furnace and heat it to 460 °C to melt. Then, add copper, aluminum, rare earth elements (cerium and lanthanum), silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus in sequence, stir evenly, and control the melting time to be 2.5 hours; Pour the melted alloy liquid into the pre-prepared molds according to the requirements of the multi-layer structure; The mold is designed with a three-layer structure. By controlling the pouring speed and cooling speed, the alloy liquid forms different multi-layer structures in the mold. The specific steps are as follows: The first layer (reinforcement layer): 4.5% copper, 8.5% aluminum, rare earth elements (0.4% cerium, 0.3% lanthanum), 0.45% silicon, 0.12% boron, 0.18% titanium, 0.45% magnesium, 0.12% antimony, 0.45% manganese, 0.12% iron, 0.012% carbon, 0.012% sulfur, 0.012% phosphorus; Pour the alloy liquid onto the surface layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be relatively fast and the cooling speed to be relatively fast to form a high-hardness reinforcement layer; Adopt forced cooling, and control the cooling rate at 15 °C / s - 25 °C / s; The second layer (toughness layer): 3.5% copper, 7.5% aluminum, rare earth elements (0.3% cerium, 0.2% lanthanum), 0.3% silicon, 0.08% boron, 0.15% titanium, 0.35% magnesium, 0.08% antimony, 0.35% manganese, 0.08% iron, 0.008% carbon, 0.008% sulfur, 0.008% phosphorus; Pour the alloy liquid into the middle layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be moderate and the cooling speed to be moderate to form a good toughness layer; Adopt a combination of natural cooling and forced cooling, and control the cooling rate at 6℃ / s - 12℃ / s; The third layer (base layer): copper 2.5%, aluminum 6.5%, rare earth elements (cerium 0.2%, lanthanum 0.2%), silicon 0.2%, boron 0.04%, titanium 0.1%, magnesium 0.3%, antimony 0.06%, manganese 0.3%, iron 0.06%, carbon 0.003%, sulfur 0.003%, phosphorus 0.003%; Pour the alloy liquid into the bottom layer of the mold, control the pouring speed to be slow and the cooling speed to be slow to form a stable base layer; Adopt natural cooling, and control the cooling rate at 2℃ / s - 6℃ / s; Let the poured alloy cool naturally in the mold to room temperature and solidify; Perform heat treatment on the solidified alloy material: Solution treatment: the temperature is 370℃ and keep it warm for 3.5 hours; Aging treatment: the temperature is 150℃ and keep it warm for 14 hours; Perform surface treatment on the heat-treated alloy material: Remove surface impurities and improve surface finish; Adopt electroplating for coating treatment, the coating thickness is 18μm, and the composition can be selected according to needs, such as nickel-phosphorus alloy coating; Perform performance testing on the treated alloy material, including hardness testing, wear resistance testing, corrosion resistance testing, etc.; after passing the testing, perform packaging to obtain the composite multi-layer zinc alloy material.

[0040] Through the detailed comparison of Examples 3 - 8, it can be found that there are certain differences in the composition, cooling rate, heat treatment process, surface treatment, etc. among the examples, and these differences lead to slight changes in the material properties; specifically, each example realizes the optimization of the material in terms of hardness, wear resistance, toughness, and corrosion resistance by adjusting the proportions of key components such as copper, aluminum, and rare earth elements, and controlling the different cooling rates of the strengthening layer, toughness layer, and base layer; at the same time, different heat treatment parameters and surface coating technologies further improve the comprehensive performance of the material; for example, Examples 6 and 8 significantly improve the wear resistance and surface hardness of the material by increasing the contents of copper and aluminum and adopting electroplated nickel-phosphorus coating; while Examples 5 and 7 enhance the corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the material by adjusting the proportion of rare earth elements and adopting PVD coating; Compared with the prior art, the composite multi - hierarchical zinc alloy material of the present invention exhibits significant advantages in multiple aspects. First of all, traditional zinc alloys usually adopt a single - component and single - structure design, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high strength, high wear resistance, and good toughness simultaneously. However, through an innovative multi - hierarchical structure design, the present invention realizes a differential distribution of material properties: the strengthening layer provides high hardness and wear resistance, suitable for surface friction and high - load working conditions; the toughness layer has good impact resistance and can effectively absorb and disperse stress; the base layer ensures the overall structural stability and provides excellent corrosion resistance at the same time. This design concept of the multi - hierarchical structure is not available in the prior art. Secondly, in terms of cooling rate control, the prior art usually adopts a uniform cooling rate and cannot achieve performance optimization in different regions within the material. In contrast, the present invention precisely controls the cooling rates of each layer, enabling the strengthening layer to cool rapidly to form a fine grain structure, thereby improving hardness and wear resistance; the toughness layer obtains good toughness and impact resistance through a moderate cooling rate; the base layer adopts a slower cooling rate to ensure uniform distribution of components and improve corrosion resistance. This multi - hierarchical cooling rate control technology is difficult to achieve in the prior art and is an important innovation point of the present invention. Furthermore, the optimization of the heat treatment process is also a major highlight of the present invention. The heat treatment parameters of traditional zinc alloys are relatively fixed and difficult to adjust according to specific requirements. However, the present invention can further optimize the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the material by flexibly adjusting the temperature and time of solution treatment and aging treatment according to the specific composition and performance requirements of the material. This personalized heat treatment process enables the material to exhibit the best performance in different application scenarios, which is incomparable to the prior art. Finally, in terms of surface treatment, the prior art generally adopts simple coating treatment with fixed coating thickness and composition, making it difficult to meet the diverse requirements under complex working conditions. In contrast, the present invention adopts various surface treatment methods, such as electroless plating, electroplating, and physical vapor deposition (PVD), and can select different coating compositions and thicknesses according to needs. For example, electroless nickel - phosphorus coating has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance and is suitable for high - load and humid environments; PVD coating can provide higher surface hardness and oxidation resistance and is suitable for high - temperature and high - friction environments. This diverse surface treatment technology further enhances the comprehensive performance of the material, enabling it to adapt to a wider range of application scenarios. In summary, through innovative multi - hierarchical structure design, cooling rate control, heat treatment process optimization, and diverse surface treatment technologies, the composite multi - hierarchical zinc alloy material of the present invention is superior to the prior art in terms of hardness, wear resistance, toughness, and corrosion resistance.

[0041] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and common general technical solutions or characteristics in the solution are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners and the like recorded in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-strength zinc alloy material, characterized in that: The zinc alloy material includes multiple hierarchical structures, each level has different composition and performance characteristics, and the composition of the zinc alloy material includes the following components by mass percentage: 0.5%-5% copper, 2%-10% aluminum, 0.1%-1% rare earth elements, 0.05%-0.5% silicon, 0.01%-0.1% boron, 0.02%-0.2% titanium, 0.05%-0.5% magnesium, 0.01%-0.1% antimony, 0.05%-0.5% manganese, 0.01%-0.1% iron, 0.001%-0.01% carbon, 0.001%-0.01% sulfur, 0.001%-0.01% phosphorus, balance zinc and unavoidable impurities.

2. The high-strength zinc alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hierarchical structure of the zinc alloy material comprises: a first layer, a second layer and a third layer; The first layer: a strengthening layer close to the surface, wherein the copper content of the strengthening layer is 3%-5%, the aluminum content is 5%-8%, the rare earth element content is 0.5%-1%, the silicon content is 0.2%-0.5%, the boron content is 0.05%-0.1%, the titanium content is 0.1%-0.2%, the magnesium content is 0.2%-0.5%, the antimony content is 0.05%-0.1%, the manganese content is 0.2%-0.5%, the iron content is 0.05%-0.1%, the carbon content is 0.005%-0.01%, the sulfur content is 0.005%-0.01%, and the phosphorus content is 0.005%-0.01%; The second layer: the middle toughness layer, the copper content of the toughness layer is 1%-3%, the aluminum content is 3%-6%, the rare earth element content is 0.2%-0.5%, the silicon content is 0.05%-0.2%, the boron content is 0.01%-0.05%, the titanium content is 0.05%-0.1%, the magnesium content is 0.1%-0.3%, the antimony content is 0.01%-0.05%, the manganese content is 0.1%-0.3%, the iron content is 0.01%-0.05%, the carbon content is 0.001%-0.005%, the sulfur content is 0.001%-0.005%, and the phosphorus content is 0.001%-0.005%; The third layer: a base layer, wherein the copper content of the base layer is 0.5%-2%, the aluminum content is 2%-5%, the rare earth element content is 0.1%-0.3%, the silicon content is 0.01%-0.1%, the boron content is 0.005%-0.02%, the titanium content is 0.02%-0.05%, the magnesium content is 0.05%-0.2%, the antimony content is 0.005%-0.02%, the manganese content is 0.05%-0.2%, the iron content is 0.005%-0.02%, the carbon content is 0.0005%-0.001%, the sulfur content is 0.0005%-0.001%, and the phosphorus content is 0.0005%-0.001%.

3. The high-strength zinc alloy material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface of the zinc alloy material is also treated with a special coating, which includes one or more layers. The composition and thickness of each layer of the coating can be adjusted as needed to further improve the corrosion resistance, wear resistance and surface hardness of the material.

4. The high-strength zinc alloy material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The zinc alloy material is also provided with a microporous structure inside. The pore size of the microporous structure is 10 μm-100 μm and the porosity is 5%-20%. The microporous structure can effectively reduce the weight of the material while improving the shock absorption performance and energy absorption capacity of the material.

5. A method for preparing a high-strength zinc alloy material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Accurately weigh the raw material components according to the composition ratio of the zinc alloy material, including zinc, copper, aluminum, rare earth elements, silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus; S2: Put zinc into a smelting furnace and heat it until it melts, then add copper, aluminum, rare earth elements, silicon, boron, titanium, magnesium, antimony, manganese, iron, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus in sequence, stir evenly, control the smelting temperature between 400℃-600℃, and the smelting time is 1-3 hours; S3: pouring the smelted alloy liquid into pre-prepared molds according to the requirements of the hierarchical structure, and forming different hierarchical structures of the alloy liquid in the mold by controlling the pouring speed and cooling speed; S4: Cool the cast alloy naturally or by forced cooling in the mold to solidify it; S5: heat treating the solidified alloy material, including solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 300°C-450°C, and the holding time is 1-5 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 100°C-200°C, and the holding time is 5-20 hours; S6: Surface treatment of the heat-treated alloy material, including grinding, polishing, coating, etc., to improve the surface quality and performance of the material; S7: Performing a performance test on the treated alloy material, and packaging the qualified alloy material to obtain the composite multi-layered zinc alloy material.

6. The method for preparing the high-strength zinc alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S2, the rare earth element is added in the form of a rare earth alloy, and the added amount of the rare earth alloy is adjusted according to the content of the rare earth element in the zinc alloy material.

7. The method for preparing the high-strength zinc alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S4, different cooling channels and temperature control devices are provided in the mold so that the alloy liquid forms different cooling rates in the mold, thereby achieving the formation of a hierarchical structure.

8. The method for preparing the high-strength zinc alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S5, the temperature and time of the solution treatment and aging treatment can be adjusted according to the specific composition and performance requirements of the zinc alloy material to optimize the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the material.

9. The method for preparing the high-strength zinc alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S6, the coating treatment is performed by chemical plating, electroplating or physical vapor deposition (PVD), and the composition and thickness of the coating can be selected as needed to meet different usage requirements.

10. The method for preparing the high-strength zinc alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that: After S4, the alloy material is machined to obtain a desired shape and size.

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