High-stress broken ore body panel bench pressure relief and medium-length hole filling integrated mining method

Abstract

The invention provides a high-stress broken ore body panel bench pressure relief and medium-length hole filling integrated mining method, and belongs to the field of mine exploiting.The high-stress broken ore body panel bench pressure relief and medium-length hole filling integrated mining method comprises the following steps that according to stress distribution of a to-be-mined mine and the ore body breaking degree, the stress distribution of the to-be-mined mine is determined according to the stress distribution of the to-be-mined mine; dividing the ore body into a plurality of panels; dividing the panel into a plurality of ladder sections; a plurality of pressure relief holes in the height direction of the bench are formed in the currently mined bench, and the depth of the pressure relief holes is larger than the height of the bench; blasting the pressure relief holes; stoping the bench by adopting a medium-length hole blasting technology, and filling the goaf; and stopping the rest of the bench and the rest of the panels. Through organic combination of bench pressure relief, medium-length hole mining and the filling technology, safe, efficient, low-cost and large-scale mining of high-stress and high-crushing-degree ore bodies is achieved, and the metal mineral resource supply guarantee capacity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine mining, and particularly relates to a panel bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling integrated mining method for highly stressed and fractured ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] China has arranged a number of technical research and development in the field of deep mineral resources development, and has achieved scientific and technological achievements such as comprehensive mining technology for extra-large deep metal mines, providing technical support for the safe and efficient mining of deep metal mines. However, for deep highly stressed and fractured ore bodies, that is, ore bodies with highly concentrated stress and fractured structures formed under the action of geological tectonic movements or long-term mining activities, many challenges are faced in the mining process. The internal stress of such ore bodies is highly concentrated, the stability of the ore bodies is poor, and disasters such as rock bursts and roof falls are easily triggered, seriously threatening the safety of miners and the integrity of equipment, and the mining difficulty is great. At present, although filling mining methods, pressure relief blasting methods, and medium-deep hole mining methods are applied to the mining of such ore bodies, the pressure relief effect is not ideal and the operation safety is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, the present application provides a panel bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling integrated mining method for highly stressed and fractured ore bodies, aiming to solve the technical problems of poor pressure relief effect and poor operation safety in the mining process of highly stressed and fractured ore bodies.

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides a panel bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling integrated mining method for highly stressed and fractured ore bodies, including the following steps: S1. According to the stress distribution and ore body fracture degree of the mine to be mined, divide the ore body into a stable area and a fractured area, divide the fractured area into several panels; divide the panels into several benches; and carry out mining in units of the benches; S2. Set several pressure relief holes along the height direction of the current mined bench, and the depth of the pressure relief holes is greater than the height of the bench; blast the pressure relief holes to release stress; S3. Adopt medium-deep hole blasting technology to extract the bench and fill the mined-out area; S4. Extract the remaining benches in the panel; extract the remaining panels.

[0005] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the panel is first divided according to the stress distribution and ore body fragmentation degree of the ore body to accurately grasp the ore body information of the panel; then a number of pressure relief holes are arranged in the bench along the bench height direction and with a depth greater than the bench height. Through the cooperation between the bench height and the depth of the pressure relief holes, efficient and safe mining is achieved; then medium-deep hole blasting technology is used for mining to improve the mining efficiency, and backfilling is carried out after the bench 2 is mined to further improve the safety of the ore body; finally, safe and efficient mining of the remaining benches and remaining panels is realized.

[0006] In some embodiments, the depth of the pressure relief hole is 5 - 40 m deeper than the height of the bench.

[0007] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the difference between the depth of the pressure relief hole and the bench height, stress release of the currently mined bench and the lower or deep ore body can be achieved simultaneously.

[0008] In some embodiments, the height of the bench is 10 - 15 m; the depth of the pressure relief hole is 20 - 50 m.

[0009] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the bench height, while adapting to most mining equipment, the stability of the surrounding rock is maintained, the resource recovery rate is maximized, and waste of ore resources is reduced; by reasonably setting the depth of the pressure relief hole, a safe environment is provided for the mining operation.

[0010] In some embodiments, the arrangement of the pressure relief holes is fan-shaped or parallel arrangement; when the pressure relief holes are arranged in parallel, the adjacent rows of the pressure relief holes are arranged in a staggered manner, and the distance between adjacent pressure relief holes in each row is 5 - 10 m.

[0011] In this embodiment, by reasonably arranging the layout of the pressure relief holes, blasting is better realized, so as to better release the concentrated stress in the ore body, provide a safer environment for mining, and ensure the safe and efficient progress of subsequent mining operations.

[0012] In some embodiments, the medium-deep hole blasting adopts sectional blasting, and the blasting length of each section is 5 - 10 m; the depth of the medium-deep hole is 20 - 50 m, and the hole diameter is 100 - 150 mm; when the pressure relief holes are arranged in parallel, the medium-deep holes are arranged between the adjacent pressure relief holes.

[0013] In this embodiment, by optimizing the layout scheme of the pressure relief holes and medium-deep holes, the costs of blasting and support are reduced, and the economic benefits are improved.

[0014] In some embodiments, the upper 0.5 m and the lower 5 - 6 m of the goaf are filled with high-strength tailings cementitious materials. The strength of the upper 0.5 m filling body is 3 - 4 MPa, and the strength of the lower 5 - 6 m filling body is 4 - 5 MPa. The strength of the filling body in the middle is lower than that of the upper and lower filling bodies.

[0015] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the strength of the filling bodies at different heights, while ensuring the strength of the filling bodies, the filling cost is minimized as much as possible.

[0016] In some embodiments, after filling, the roof of the filled bench is supported by a combination of rock bolts, cable bolts and shotcrete.

[0017] In this embodiment, after filling, the adjacent benches to be mined are further supported. Through the comprehensive application of filling and support technologies, the stability of the ore body during mining is ensured, and the operation safety is effectively enhanced; the stability of the panel is ensured.

[0018] In some embodiments, the length of the rock bolt is 2 - 3 m, and the spacing between adjacent rock bolts is 1 - 1.5 m; the length of the cable bolt is 10 - 15 m, and the spacing between adjacent cable bolts is 2 - 3 m; the thickness of the concrete layer is 50 - 100 mm.

[0019] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the length and spacing of the rock bolts, the length and spacing of the cable bolts, and the thickness of the concrete layer, the support effect is improved.

[0020] In some embodiments, the relief holes are blasted using millisecond blasting technology, and the single-hole charge amount is 5 - 10 kg / m.

[0021] In this embodiment, the relief holes are blasted by millisecond blasting technology, which can extend the energy transfer time of the blasting process and improve the blasting effect.

[0022] In some embodiments, the area of the panel is 500 - 1000 m 2 。

[0023] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the area of the panel, it is avoided that the area of the panel is too large resulting in instability during the mining process; at the same time, it is avoided that the panel is too small affecting the mining efficiency.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention first divides the panel according to the stress distribution and fragmentation degree of the ore body, accurately grasps the ore body information of the panel, and divides the panel into different benches; then several pressure relief holes are arranged in the bench along the bench height direction and with a depth greater than the bench height to improve the stress release effect and perform "advance pressure relief" for the lower or deeper ore body; then the medium-deep hole blasting technology is used for the mining of the bench to improve the mining efficiency, and after the bench mining is completed, backfilling is carried out to further improve the safety of the ore body and provide favorable conditions for the mining of subsequent benches and panels.

[0025] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to be able to understand the technical means of the present application more clearly, it can be implemented according to the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the following specifically gives the specific embodiments of the present application. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings used in the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the following described drawings are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the integrated mining method for pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling in the panel bench of high-stress fractured ore body in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of panel and bench division in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of pressure relief holes and medium-deep holes in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the roadway support structure; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the borehole overcoring stress relief method; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of dynamic monitoring and adjustment; Figure 6 a is the layout diagram of the detection equipment for real-time monitoring of the stress release of the ore body after blasting; Figure 6 b is to Figure 6 a flowchart for data evaluation of the data detected in a; Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings: 1 - panel; 2 - bench; 3 - pressure relief hole; 4 - medium-deep hole; 5 - bolt; 6 - cable bolt; 7 - concrete layer. Detailed Embodiments

[0028] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application more clearly, and therefore are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0030] Referring to "embodiments" herein means that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The phrase appears in various places in the specification and does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by technical terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of this application.

[0032] In order to solve the technical problems of poor pressure relief effect and poor operation safety during the mining process of high-stress fractured ore bodies, this application provides a panel bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling integrated mining method for high-stress fractured ore bodies. Among them, through the organic combination of bench pressure relief, medium-deep hole mining, and filling technologies, the safe, efficient, low-cost, and large-scale mining of high-stress and highly fractured ore bodies is realized, and the supply guarantee capacity of metal mineral resources is improved.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the embodiments of this application provide a panel bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling integrated mining method for high-stress fractured ore bodies, including the following steps: S1. According to the stress distribution and ore body fracture degree of the mine to be mined, divide the ore body into a stable area and a fractured area, and then carry out mining on the fractured area: divide the fractured area into several panels 1 (i.e., Figure 2Among P1, P2, P3, and P4); divide panel 1 into several benches 2 (i.e., Figure 2 Among L1, L2, and L3); conduct mining in units of bench 2. Specifically, the stress distribution of the ore body is obtained through in-situ stress relief tests of the original rock stress, and the distribution law of the original rock stress field is obtained; the degree of fragmentation of the ore body is determined through on-site engineering geological surveys, rock mechanics tests, and theoretical analyses to master the degree of fragmentation of the ore body and divide the fractured zone and stable areas. When dividing bench 2, the principal stress direction and the distribution of the fractured zone of the ore body are given priority consideration to ensure that the division of bench 2 matches the ore body structure.

[0034] S2. Set several pressure relief holes 3 along the height direction of the bench 2 to be mined. The depth of the pressure relief holes 3 is greater than the height of the bench 2; stress is released by blasting the pressure relief holes 3. Specifically, first, in highly stressed and fractured ore bodies, stress concentration is usually not limited to the currently mined bench 2 but may also extend to the lower or deeper ore bodies; deeper pressure relief holes 3 can cover a wider stress concentration area, not only effectively releasing the stress of the currently mined bench 2 but also achieving "advance pressure relief" of the lower or deeper ore bodies, providing safety guarantees for subsequent mining operations. Second, deeper pressure relief holes 3 can transfer energy to deeper ore bodies during blasting, expanding the stress release range, and at the same time ensuring a more uniform stress release effect after blasting, avoiding local stress concentration, and achieving a better blasting effect. Finally, due to the wide stress distribution range of highly stressed and fractured ore bodies and the possible extension of the fractured zone to the deep part, deeper pressure relief holes 3 can penetrate multiple fractured zones, release deeper stress, further improve the stress release effect, and enhance the safety of stoping.

[0035] S3. Use medium-deep hole blasting technology to stop the bench 2 and fill the mined-out area. Specifically, immediately after stoping bench 2, filling is carried out. The presence of the filling body can provide more stable and safer stoping conditions for adjacent benches 2 and the entire ore body, enabling more of the ore body to be mined, maximizing the recovery of ore resources, and effectively reducing resource waste. After ensuring the stability of the ore body by releasing the stress of bench 2, use medium-deep hole blasting technology with high mining efficiency to stop bench 2 and improve the mining efficiency.

[0036] S4. Stop the remaining benches 2 in panel 1; stop the remaining panels 1. Specifically, during the mining process of panel 1, the bench stoping method is adopted, and steps S2 - S3 are sequentially repeated to gradually stop each bench 2 and panel 1 until the entire ore body is mined out. During the mining process of panel 1, it is necessary to monitor the stress and deformation of the ore body in real time and adjust the mining and filling parameters in a timely manner according to the monitoring results to ensure the safe and efficient progress of mining operations. When stopping other benches 2, if there are already pressure relief holes 3 in that bench 2, no pressure relief operation is required.

[0037] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, first, the panel 1 is divided according to the stress distribution and fragmentation degree of the ore body, the ore body information of the panel 1 is accurately grasped, and the panel 1 is divided into different benches 2; then, a number of pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in the bench 2 along the height direction of the bench 2 and with a depth greater than the height of the bench 2 to improve the stress release effect and perform "advance pressure relief" on the lower or deeper ore body, that is, through the cooperation between the height of the bench 2 and the depth of the pressure relief hole 3, efficient and safe mining is achieved; then, the medium-deep hole blasting technology is used for the mining of the bench 2, greatly reducing the number of mining operations, improving the mining efficiency, and filling after the mining of the bench 2 is completed to further improve the safety of the ore body and provide favorable conditions for the subsequent mining of the bench 2 and the panel 1; finally, the safe and efficient mining of the remaining benches 2 and the remaining panel 1 is realized. That is, through the organic combination of bench pressure relief, medium-deep hole mining and filling technologies, the present application realizes the safe, efficient, low-cost and large-scale mining of ore bodies with high stress and high fragmentation degree, and improves the supply guarantee capacity of metal mineral resources.

[0038] Further, in some embodiments, the depth of the pressure relief hole 3 is 5 - 40 m deeper than the height of the bench 2.

[0039] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the difference between the depth of the pressure relief hole 3 and the height of the bench 2, the length of "advance pressure relief" is reasonably controlled, the stress release of the currently mined bench 2 and the lower or deeper ore body can be achieved simultaneously, and the stress release effect after blasting can be ensured to be more uniform, realizing a better blasting effect.

[0040] Further, in some embodiments, the height of the bench 2 is 10 - 15 m; the depth of the pressure relief hole 3 is 20 - 50 m. Specifically, the height of the bench 2 refers to the height of each section where the ore body is vertically divided within the panel 1. The upper part of the pressure relief hole 3, that is, the distance of 10 - 15 m, covers the currently mined bench 2, thereby effectively releasing the stress of the currently mined bench 2, and the lower part of the pressure relief hole 3, that is, the distance of 15 - 50 m, covers the lower bench 2, realizing the advance pressure relief of the lower bench 2 and creating safe conditions for subsequent mining operations in advance.

[0041] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by setting the height of the bench 2 to 10 - 15 m, on the one hand, it can adapt to the operating ranges of most mining equipment (such as rock drilling jumbo, load-haul-dump vehicle), which helps to ensure the mining efficiency; on the other hand, when the height of the bench 2 is too high, it will increase the risk of surrounding rock instability, and when it is too low, it will increase the number of mining operations and reduce the efficiency. A reasonable height of the bench 2 can not only maintain the stability of the surrounding rock, but also maximize the resource recovery rate and reduce the waste of ore resources. By setting the depth of the pressure relief hole 3 to 20 - 50 m, a deeper pressure relief hole 3 can promote the uniform release of the stress of the entire ore body, effectively avoiding potential safety hazards such as rock burst or roof fall caused by local stress concentration, and providing a safe environment for the stoping operation. The height of the bench 2 determines the sectional range of the mining operation and the operating capacity of the equipment, and the depth of the pressure relief hole 3 determines the range and effect of stress release. With the coordinated cooperation of the bench 2 and the pressure relief hole 3, safe and efficient stoping of the ore body is achieved.

[0042] Further, in some embodiments, the arrangement of the pressure relief holes 3 is fan-shaped or parallel; when the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in parallel, the adjacent rows of pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the spacing between adjacent pressure relief holes 3 in each row is 5 - 10 m. Specifically, the specific arrangement of the pressure relief holes 3 depends on the ore body structure and stress distribution. When the stress distribution of the ore body is uneven, the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in a fan-shaped structure, and at this time, the medium-deep holes 4 are also arranged in a fan-shaped structure; when the stress distribution of the ore body is relatively uniform, the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in parallel. As Figure 3 shown, when the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in parallel, the arrangement directions of different pressure relief holes 3 are consistent with the direction of the major principal stress of the ore body. Figure 3 The direction indicated by the arrow in is the direction of the major principal stress of the ore body. When the ore body is inclined, at this time, the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged obliquely to adapt to the dip angle of the ore body to ensure covering the entire stress concentration area. The spacing of the pressure relief holes 3 depends on the degree of stress concentration and fragmentation of the ore body. For areas with a high degree of stress concentration, the spacing between adjacent pressure relief holes 3 in each row is generally taken as 5 m; for areas with relatively low stress, the spacing between adjacent pressure relief holes 3 in each row is generally taken as 10 m.

[0043] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably arranging the layout of the pressure relief holes 3, blasting is better achieved, thereby better releasing the concentrated stress in the ore body, providing a safer environment for mining, and ensuring the safe and efficient progress of subsequent mining operations.

[0044] Further, in some embodiments, the medium-deep hole blasting adopts sectional blasting, and the blasting length of each section is 5 - 10 m; the depth of the medium-deep holes 4 is 20 - 50 m, and the hole diameter is 100 - 150 mm; as Figure 3As shown, when the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in parallel, the medium-deep holes 4 are arranged between adjacent pressure relief holes 3. Specifically, during the actual blasting process, the blasting parameters are optimized according to the stress state and fragmentation degree of the ore body, and the sectional blasting length is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the efficiency and safety of the mining operation are best guaranteed. An underground transport equipment (such as a load-haul-dump vehicle or a truck) is used to transport the ore to the surface or a centralized transfer point.

[0045] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the medium-deep hole blasting adopts sectional blasting and controls the blasting length of each section to be 5-10 m, which can achieve uniform distribution of blasting energy and avoid instability of the surrounding rock caused by excessive local blasting energy. At the same time, sectional blasting can also reduce the impact of blasting vibration on the surrounding rock and improve the safety of the mining operation. In addition, sectional blasting can reduce the amount of ore blasted each time, improve the mining efficiency and resource recovery rate.

[0046] Further, in this embodiment, the depth of the medium-deep holes 4 is set to 20-50 m. The deeper drill holes can cover a wider stress concentration area, penetrate multiple fractured zones, and ensure that the stress is fully released. That is, through the coordinated cooperation of the pressure relief holes 3 and the medium-deep holes 4, stress release can be better achieved. At the same time, the deeper drill holes can also reduce the number of drill holes, improve the mining efficiency, and cooperate efficiently with modern mining equipment (such as a rock drilling jumbo). In addition, the depth of the medium-deep holes 4 exceeding the height of the current mining bench 2 can also achieve advanced pressure relief and provide safety guarantee for subsequent mining operations.

[0047] Further, in this embodiment, the diameter of the medium-deep holes 4 is set to 100-150 mm. The larger diameter can accommodate enough explosive charge, improve the transmission efficiency of blasting energy, and expand the stress release range. That is, this diameter range can not only meet the requirements of blasting effect and charge amount; at the same time, this diameter can smoothly drill holes through modern rock drilling equipment efficiently and reduce the risk of hole collapse during the drilling process. That is, this diameter matches the capacity of the drilling equipment and can achieve the stability of drilling. In addition, the larger diameter can also improve the blasting effect, reduce the number of blasts, thereby reducing the drilling cost and improving the mining efficiency.

[0048] Further, in this embodiment, by optimizing the layout of the pressure relief holes 3 and the medium-deep holes 4, the costs of blasting and support are reduced, and the economic benefits are improved.

[0049] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the upper 0.5m and lower 5-6m (some mines even reach 8-10m) of the goaf are filled with high-strength tailings cementing materials, and the strength of the upper 0.5m filling body is 3-4MPa, and the strength of the lower 5-6m (some mines even reach 8-10m) m filling body is 4-5MPa; the strength of the filling body in the middle is lower than the strength of the upper filling body and the lower filling body. Specifically, after the recovery of step 2 is completed and the false bottom is set at the bottom of the goaf, the preparation before filling begins: first, a filling retaining wall is constructed in each step 2, and the mining site is sealed to prevent the loss of filling slurry during the filling process; then, a water filtration facility is installed on the filling retaining wall to promptly drain the moisture of the filling slurry inside the goaf to prevent water accumulation from reducing the bottom pressure of the filling body. When filling, high-strength filling bodies are used at the bottom and top, and the strength of the middle part can be appropriately reduced, so that the upper 0.5m and the lower 5-6m (some mines even reach 8-10m)m use high-strength tailings cementing materials, the strength of the upper 0.5m filling body is 3-4MPa, the strength of the lower 5-6m (some mines even reach 8-10m)m filling body is 4-5MPa, and the strength of the middle filling body should reach 1MPa. The filling process adopts staged filling. At the beginning of filling, the rising height of the filling slurry needs to be strictly controlled to ensure the stability of the retaining wall. The initial filling height is controlled within 1.5m, and the filling continues after the filling body solidifies; after the filling surface exceeds the highest point of the retaining wall, the filling height is controlled within 2.5m, with no water accumulation as the principle. After the filling body reaches a certain strength, the adjacent bench section 2 can be mined, and mining on both sides of the filling body is not allowed at the same time to reduce vibration damage.

[0050] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the strength of the filling bodies at different heights, the filling cost can be minimized while ensuring the strength of the filling bodies.

[0051] Furthermore, in some embodiments, after filling, anchor rods 5 are used to support the top plate of the filled stair section 2. Specifically, when the distance between the filling and the top plate of the empty area is about 3m, the empty area is entered and the anchor rods 5 are used to support the top plate of the stair section 2. After the support is completed, Figure 4 As shown, the tunnel is supported by a combined support method of anchor rods 5, anchor cables 6 and shotcrete.

[0052] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the roof is further supported after filling. Through the comprehensive application of filling and supporting technologies, the stability of the ore body during the mining process is ensured, the safety of the operation is effectively enhanced, and the stability of the panel area is ensured.

[0053] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the length of the anchor rod 5 is 2-3 m, and the spacing between adjacent anchor rods 5 is 1-1.5 m; the length of the anchor cable 6 is 10-15 m, and the spacing between adjacent anchor cables 6 is 2-3 m; and the thickness of the concrete layer 7 is 50-100 mm.

[0054] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by using the bolt 5 with a length of 2 - 3m and a spacing of 1 - 1.5m for support, the local stability of the ore body is enhanced; by using the cable bolt 6 with a length of 10 - 15m and a spacing of 2 - 3m for support, the overall stability of the ore body is further enhanced. In addition, shotcrete support is also applied, and the thickness of the concrete layer 7 reaches 50 - 100mm, forming a firm support layer to effectively prevent the deformation of the surrounding rock. By reasonably setting the combination of the length and spacing of the bolt 5, the length and spacing of the cable bolt 6, and the thickness of the concrete layer 7, the stability of the ore body is significantly enhanced, safety accidents are reduced, the safety of mining operations is improved, and the support cost is reduced.

[0055] Further, in some embodiments, the blasting of the pressure relief holes 3 adopts the millisecond blasting technology, and the single - hole charge amount is 5 - 10kg / m. Specifically, the blasting parameters are determined according to the stress state and fragmentation degree of the ore body, and the specific drilling and blasting parameters can also be determined by the blasting funnel experiment, empirical formula combined with theoretical analysis before blasting. As Figure 6 shown in Fig. a, after blasting, the stress release of the ore body is monitored in real - time through stress monitoring equipment (such as stress gauges, micro - seismic monitoring systems) to ensure the pressure relief effect. As Figure 6 shown in Fig. b, the pressure relief effect is evaluated according to the monitoring data, and secondary blasting or adjustment of blasting parameters is carried out if necessary.

[0056] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the blasting of the pressure relief holes 3 is realized through the millisecond blasting technology, which can extend the energy transfer time during the blasting process and improve the blasting effect. By innovatively introducing stress monitoring equipment, such as stress gauges, micro - seismic monitoring systems, etc., the stress change of the ore body is monitored in real - time. According to the monitoring data, the layout and blasting parameters of the pressure relief holes 3 are dynamically adjusted to ensure that the pressure relief effect meets the design requirements, improving the stability and reliability of the pressure relief effect, being able to monitor the stress change of the ore body in real - time, and timely adjusting the mining and filling parameters to ensure the safe progress of mining operations.

[0057] Further, in some embodiments, the area of the panel 1 is 500 - 1000m 2 .

[0058] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the area of the panel 1, it is avoided that the area of the panel 1 is too large, resulting in instability during the stoping process; at the same time, it is avoided that the panel 1 is too small, affecting the stoping efficiency.

[0059] Further, in some embodiments, as Figure 5 shown, the on - site in - situ stress relief test is specifically as follows: Construct a borehole at an appropriate position in the ore body to conduct a borehole stress relief test, measure the magnitude and orientation of the in-situ stress field at different elevations, and through the in-situ measurement of the in-situ stress, master the variation law of the in-situ stress in the mine, determine the high stress concentration area, as well as the distribution law and magnitude of the in-situ stress field of the ore body. The borehole stress relief test is the borehole core-cutting stress relief method.

[0060] The borehole core-cutting stress relief method is to drill a large hole with a diameter of 130 mm at the in-situ stress measurement point, and the hole depth is 2-3 times the diameter of the chamber or roadway section. Grind the bottom of the hole flat, and drill a bell hole at the bottom of the hole for centering. Drill a measurement small hole with a diameter of 36-38 mm and a depth of about 60 cm at the center of the large hole. Then install a measurement probe in the measurement small hole, connect the probe lead wire to the external measurement instrument, and measure the initial stress value. If the relative stress value needs to be obtained, measure the value of the probe again after a period of time to obtain the stress variation curve with time.

[0061] If the absolute stress value needs to be obtained, then concentrically drill with a drill bit with a diameter of 130 mm outside the measurement small hole to excavate the stress relief groove. During the drilling process, the wire passes through the center of the drill pipe and is led out from the water joint to be connected to the measurement instrument to monitor the changes during the relief process. As the stress relief groove deepens, the core gradually isolates from the external stress field, the core undergoes elastic recovery, and the instrument measurement value changes accordingly. When the instrument reading no longer changes, stop drilling and take out the core.

[0062] In summary, through the bench pressure relief method in this application, the stress concentration degree of the ore body is reduced by more than 50%, the risks of rock burst and roof fall are significantly reduced, and the pressure relief effect is remarkable; on this basis, through the medium-deep hole blasting technology, the mining efficiency is increased by more than 30%, and the resource recovery rate is also increased by more than 20%; the combination of filling and support technologies significantly enhances the stability of the ore body, the accident incidence rate is reduced by more than 80%, and the safety is greatly enhanced; by optimizing the layout of pressure relief holes and mining holes, the blasting and support costs are reduced by more than 20%, and the comprehensive economic benefit is significantly improved.

[0063] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments are only examples, and embodiments with the same composition and the same effect as the technical idea within the technical solution scope of this application are all included in the technical scope of this application. In addition, within the scope not departing from the main idea of this application, various deformations that those skilled in the art can think of for the embodiments, and other ways constructed by combining some constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A mining method integrating high stress broken ore body plate section pressure relief and medium and deep hole filling, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. According to the stress distribution of the mine to be mined and the degree of ore body fragmentation, the ore body is divided into a stable area and a fragmentation area, the fragmentation area is divided into a plurality of pan areas, the pan area is divided into a plurality of steps, and mining is performed in units of the steps; S2, setting a plurality of pressure relief holes along the height direction of the step in the step currently being mined, wherein the depth of the pressure relief holes is greater than the height of the step; blasting the pressure relief holes to release stress; S3, using medium-long hole blasting technology to mine the bench section and fill the goaf; S4. Mining the remaining bench sections in the panel area; mining the remaining panel areas.

2. The integrated mining method of high stress broken ore body plate step pressure relief and medium and deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The depth of the pressure relief hole is 5-40m deeper than the height of the step.

3. The integrated mining method of high stress broken ore body plate step pressure relief and medium and deep hole filling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The height of the step is 10-15m; the depth of the pressure relief hole is 20-50m.

4. The integrated mining method of high stress broken ore body plate step pressure relief and medium and deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pressure relief holes are arranged in a fan-shaped or parallel manner; when the pressure relief holes are arranged in parallel, the pressure relief holes in adjacent rows are staggered, and the spacing between adjacent pressure relief holes in each row is 5-10m.

5. The integrated mining method of high stress broken ore body plate step pressure relief and medium and deep hole filling according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The medium-deep hole blasting adopts segmented blasting, and the length of each blasting section is 5-10m; the depth of the medium-deep hole is 20-50m and the hole diameter is 100-150mm; when the pressure relief holes are arranged in parallel, the medium-deep hole is arranged between adjacent pressure relief holes.

6. The integrated mining method of high stress broken ore body plate step pressure relief and medium and deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper 0.5m and lower 5-6m of the goaf are filled with high-strength tailings cementing materials. The strength of the upper 0.5m filling body is 3-4MPa, and the strength of the lower 5-6m filling body is 4-5MPa; the strength of the filling body in the middle is lower than that of the upper and lower filling bodies.

7. The integrated mining method of high stress broken ore body plate step pressure relief and medium and deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After filling, the top plate of the filled step section is supported by anchor rods, anchor cables and shotcrete.

8. The integrated mining method of high stress broken ore body plate step pressure relief and medium and deep hole filling according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The length of the anchor rod is 2-3m, and the spacing between adjacent anchor rods is 1-1.5m; the length of the anchor cable is 10-15m, and the spacing between adjacent anchor cables is 2-3m; the thickness of the concrete layer is 50-100mm.

9. The integrated mining method of high stress broken ore body plate step pressure relief and medium and deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The blasting of the pressure relief holes adopts the micro-difference blasting technology, and the charge amount of a single hole is 5-10kg / m.

10. The integrated mining method of high stress broken ore body plate bench pressure relief and medium and deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The area of ​​the panel is 500-1000m 2 .

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