Simulation and response evaluation method of structure breaking ice and entering water based on multi-field coupling model

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for simulating and evaluating the response of a structure breaking ice and entering water based on a multi-field coupling model. The method utilizes the Euler finite element method, the immersed boundary method, and the peridynamics method to solve the fluid, fluid-solid coupling interface, and the structure, respectively, to achieve stable and effective full-time and space-time simulation of the structure breaking ice and entering water. A response evaluation method is established based on a numerical simulation database. Multiple advantageous numerical algorithms are combined and integrated. The method fully considers cavitation effects, turbulence effects, multi-physics coupling interfaces, and structural damage, and introduces adaptive algorithms and message passing interface parallel methods to improve simulation speed. The method grasps the complex multi-physics fluid-solid coupling mechanism of the structure breaking ice and entering water in full-time and space, and is suitable for the load reduction and stability enhancement design of cross-media structures operating in polar environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a structure evaluation method, and in particular to a structure icebreaking and water entry simulation and response evaluation method based on a multi-field coupling model. Background Art

[0002] Breaking through ice and entering water is a typical application scenario for polar equipment operations. This physical problem is a multidisciplinary and challenging one, involving complex multiphase flow phenomena such as large fluid deformation, cavitation, and turbulence, as well as complex multi-physics interface coupling and multi-scale damage phenomena such as ice crack initiation and propagation. In engineering, the presence of ice significantly alters key parameters such as impact loads and kinematic stability, leaving areas of research gaps.

[0003] With the advancement of computer technology, numerical simulation methods have become a mainstream research method for simulating physical processes and phenomena in the field of multi-physics coupled mechanics. Methods such as finite element method and peridynamics have rapidly developed and been applied. The problem of structures breaking through ice and entering water involves the multi-physics coupling of water, vapor, structure, and ice. Solving this extremely nonlinear problem requires the combined use of multiple advanced numerical algorithms. Existing commercial software programs abroad do not yet include solvers that can effectively address the full spatiotemporal evolution of this physical problem.

[0004] There is a lack of relevant technology to systematically reveal the impact of ice presence on impact loads, stability, and cavitation evolution characteristics in all time and space, and the mechanism of complex fluid-structure interaction is unclear. Furthermore, due to the lack of clear response evaluation indicators, there are no cross-media structure design standards and load reduction and stability enhancement strategies for polar environment operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the research difficulties related to the full-time and space-time evolution of multi-physical fields of structures breaking through ice and entering water, the present invention proposes a structure breaking through ice and entering water simulation and response evaluation method based on a multi-field coupling model, which has high application value.

[0006] The method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water based on a multi-field coupling model of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0007] 1) Establish a multi-field coupled 3D computational model of the structure, flow field, and ice field. The model includes the shape of the structure, the dimensions of the flow field, and the dimensions of the ice field. Different gradient regions of the multi-field coupled 3D computational model are divided into corresponding fluid domain grids and solid domain particles of different computational models.

[0008] 2) Use the Euler finite element method to solve the Euler equations involved in the multi-field coupled three-dimensional computational model of the flow field, and obtain the state of each fluid domain mesh in the flow field. The solution process uses the fluid domain mesh generated in step 1) and takes into account the characteristic parameters and compressibility properties of water and air.

[0009] 3) Combining the joint direct force method and the penalty function method, the immersed boundary method is established by local constraints on velocity and pressure. The forces of the structure and ice field are transferred to the fluid domain grid through the joint immersed boundary method, thereby realizing the coupling between the structure and the ice field, the structure and the fluid, and the coupling between the ice field and the fluid.

[0010] 4) Solve the ice rink and structure using peridynamic methods to obtain the state of each solid domain particle in the structure and ice rink;

[0011] 5) Couple the Euler finite element method, immersed boundary method, and peridynamics method in the time marching scheme to obtain a unified time step required for the three algorithms to be calculated together. Use this unified time step to solve the three algorithms uniformly.

[0012] 6) Using the algorithms generated in steps 2) through 5), perform simulations in a high-performance computing environment, introducing adaptive algorithms and a message passing interface parallel approach to improve simulation speed. Throughout the simulation process, relevant data is collected to generate simulation results. The relevant data includes the pressure field, velocity field, structural velocity, ice crack patterns, and the forces acting on the structure, i.e., impact loads.

[0013] 7) Compare the simulation results with the experimental data, verify and confirm the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results, and revise the model and algorithm;

[0014] 8) Using the simulation results corresponding to different initial parameter combinations in step 6), a numerical simulation database is created for query and analysis;

[0015] 9) Propose quantitative indicators of structural response, evaluate the structural response, and optimize the structure. Define specific standards for evaluating the structure's response to breaking ice and entering the water based on the quantitative indicators.

[0016] In step 1), the dimensions of the flow field and ice rink include their length, width, and height. The structure and ice rink are solid, and solid domain particles are used in the multi-field coupled 3D computational model. The flow field is the space occupied by fluid motion, and fluid domain meshes are used in the multi-field coupled 3D computational model. Fluids include water and air, and air includes the air above the water and bubbles within the water.

[0017] For different gradient regions of the multi-field coupled three-dimensional computational model, corresponding fluid domain grids and solid domain particles of different computational models are generated: finer fluid domain grids and particle resolutions are used in high gradient regions; conversely, coarser fluid domain grids and particle resolutions are used in low gradient regions.

[0018] In step 2), the turbulence and cavitation effects are taken into account in solving the Euler equations, and the large eddy simulation turbulence model and the Reynolds average-based cavitation model are correspondingly implanted. The state of the fluid domain grid includes: density, mass, velocity, acceleration, momentum and energy of water and air. The core technical means of the Euler finite element method is operator separation, which divides the solution of the Euler equations into Lagrangian calculation steps and Euler calculation steps. Among them, the large eddy simulation turbulence model provides more accurate turbulence simulation in extreme flow problems. This method directly simulates large-scale vortices in turbulence and reduces the amount of calculation by filtering and modeling small-scale turbulence. The Reynolds average-based cavitation model simulates the cavitation phenomenon by tracking the interface between bubbles and fluid, and takes into account the morphological changes and movement of bubbles to solve the complex cavitation problems caused by multiple interfaces.

[0019] In step 3), when using the joint immersed boundary method, it is necessary to select appropriate interpolation shape functions and local constraints.

[0020] In step 4), the bond-based peridynamic model is used to model the structure and ice field. The states of the solid domain particles include mass, velocity, acceleration, and damage degree.

[0021] In step 5), each algorithm solution requires a time step, and the minimum time step is taken to obtain a unified time step.

[0022] The time step for solving the fluid is determined by the convergence factor (CFL) condition. The CFL condition is an important parameter for numerical stability and convergence. The CFL condition is named after Courant, Friedrichs, and Lewy.

[0023] In step 6), a computing cluster is composed of multiple high-performance servers with multiple CPU cores and extensive memory. These nodes run simulations in parallel, significantly reducing computation time. Adaptive algorithms dynamically adjust strategies based on problem characteristics to improve efficiency, while the Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallel algorithm leverages multiprocessor parallel computing to accelerate large-scale computations. The combination of these two approaches effectively solves complex problems, improving computational speed and accuracy.

[0024] In step 7, high-speed videography, data acquisition and sensing technology, and particle image velocimetry (PIV) fine flow field measurement techniques were used to conduct mechanistic experiments on the structure breaking through ice and entering the water, obtaining both qualitative and quantitative experimental results. Based on sufficient experimental data, the numerical model was verified and optimized.

[0025] The experimental setup includes a light source, an image acquisition device, a transparent water tank, a reflector, and a discharge device. The water tank contains water, with ice placed on the surface. The discharge device is connected to the water tank via two wires, with the ends of the wires spaced apart. The discharge device energizes the wires, generating high-pressure bubbles at their ends. The light source is located above the water tank, illuminating the interior. The image acquisition device uses a reflector to capture images of the structure breaking through the ice and entering the water. The ice floating on the water is fixed in place by a fixed line, one end of which is fixed to the side wall of the water tank and the other end to the ice.

[0026] Modifications to the model and algorithm include: modification of the multi-field coupled three-dimensional computational model and the division of the fluid domain grid and solid domain particles in step 1), the interpolation shape function and local constraint conditions used in the immersed boundary method in step 3), and the unified time step in step 5).

[0027] In step 8), the initial parameters include the structure's shape, its speed and angle of motion, and the ice rink's characteristic parameters. Typical operating conditions under these initial parameters are studied, and the corresponding impact loads and stability are analyzed. Based on this analysis, a numerical simulation database suitable for actual engineering needs is established. The characteristic parameters of the ice rink are its length, width, and height.

[0028] In step 9), the quantitative indicators of structural response include the calculation of the impact load peak, impact load pulse width, and velocity attenuation index; the focus is on evaluating the response of the structure under the impact load, extracting the quantitative indicator data from the simulation results, calculating the comprehensive evaluation score, and obtaining the optimal structural design based on the comprehensive evaluation score.

[0029] Advantages of the present invention:

[0030] The present invention utilizes the Euler finite element method, the immersed boundary method and the peridynamic method to solve the fluid, the fluid-solid coupling interface and the structure respectively, so as to realize stable and effective full-time and space-time simulation of the process of the structure breaking through the ice and entering the water, and establishes a response evaluation method based on the numerical simulation database; the three advantageous numerical algorithms of the Euler finite element method, the immersed boundary method and the peridynamic method are combined, and through the integration of numerical algorithms, a solver is developed that can efficiently and stably solve the full-time and space-time evolution of the physical problem; the cavitation effect, turbulence effect, multi-physics field coupling interface and structural response are fully considered, and the adaptive algorithm and the message passing interface parallel method are introduced to improve the simulation speed; the present invention grasps the complex multi-physics field fluid-solid coupling mechanism such as the multi-stage impact load and structural damage effect of the full-time and space structure breaking through the ice and entering the water, and provides a reference for the load reduction and stabilization design of cross-media structures adapted to polar environment operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water based on a multi-field coupling model of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a typical structure icebreaking and water entry result diagram simulated by the structure icebreaking and water entry simulation and response evaluation method based on the multi-field coupling model of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an experimental setup for an embodiment of a method for simulating and evaluating the response of a structure breaking ice and entering water based on a multi-field coupling model of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 A comparison diagram of experiments and numerical simulations of an embodiment of the method for simulating and evaluating the response of a structure breaking ice and entering water based on a multi-field coupling model of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 A quantitative comparison diagram of experiments and numerical simulations of an embodiment of the method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water based on a multi-field coupling model of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a typical evaluation method of an embodiment of the method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water based on a multi-field coupling model of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The structure icebreaking and water entry simulation and response evaluation method based on the multi-field coupling model of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0039] 1) Use the Abaqus / CAE module to create a 3D computational model of the structure, flow field, and ice rink. The 3D computational model includes the shape of the structure, the dimensions of the flow field, and the dimensions of the ice rink. Different gradient regions of the 3D computational model are divided into corresponding fluid domain meshes and solid domain particles.

[0040] The structural geometry is input based on the actual situation, using Abaqus's built-in geometry modeling tools or imported CAD models. The flow field area needs to be defined based on the structure and ice layer geometry to ensure sufficient coverage of the calculation area. The Abaqus / CAE module is used for meshing. Considering high-gradient areas such as the interface between the structure and the flow field, and the flow field and the ice layer, a finer mesh is required in these areas. Structured or hybrid meshes are used, with smaller mesh sizes in high-gradient areas. The mesh quality needs to be strictly checked to ensure good mesh shape and avoid distorted meshes.

[0041] 2) Use the Euler finite element method to solve the Euler equations involved in the three-dimensional computational model of the flow field, and obtain the state of each fluid domain mesh in the flow field. The state of the fluid domain mesh includes: density, mass, velocity, acceleration, momentum, and energy of water and air. The solution process uses the fluid domain mesh generated in step 1) and takes into account the characteristic parameters and compressibility properties of water and air.

[0042] In solving the Euler equations, a large eddy simulation turbulence model is implanted to take into account the turbulence effect, and a cavitation model based on the Reynolds average is implanted to take into account the cavitation effect; the core technical means of the Euler finite element method is operator separation, which divides the solution of the Euler equation into the Lagrangian calculation step and the Euler calculation step; in the calculation process of the Euler calculation step, the calculation results of the Lagrangian step are first loaded, and then the transport process of the Euler calculation step is carried out, and the transport volume is obtained by determining the direction of fluid movement, and the momentum, density, energy and other physical quantities are updated based on the solution of the transport volume; after completing the transport of the Euler calculation step, the new pressure is obtained from the new density and the Lagrangian step calculation of the next time step is performed again, and so on, continuously cycled, and finally the solution of the fluid movement process in the entire time period is achieved;

[0043] 3) Combining the joint direct force method and the penalty function method, the immersed boundary method is established by local constraints on velocity and pressure. The forces of the structure and ice field are transferred to the fluid domain grid through the joint immersed boundary method, thereby realizing the coupling between the structure and the ice field, the structure and the fluid, and the coupling between the ice field and the fluid.

[0044] When using the direct force method to deal with fluid-solid coupling problems, there is no use of stiffness coefficient, so the algorithm can avoid certain numerical oscillations when dealing with strong transient problems, but the corresponding computational efficiency is insufficient; as for the penalty function immersed boundary method, it is a numerical method commonly used in current commercial software, with relatively higher computational efficiency and stability, but the introduction of stiffness coefficient will lead to some numerical disadvantages; the present invention combines the direct force method and the penalty function method to establish a joint immersed boundary method through local restrictions on velocity and pressure, that is, the direct force method is used when the relative velocity between the fluid grid and the solid boundary node is large or the fluid grid pressure is high, and the penalty function immersed boundary method is used in other cases, thus establishing a relatively high-precision, stable and efficient fluid-solid coupling algorithm, wherein the discrimination conditions can be appropriately adjusted according to the specific problem, and the formula expression is as follows;

[0045]

[0046] in, is the fluid-solid coupling interface force, is the interface force calculated by the penalty function, is the interface force calculated by the direct force method, v is the relative motion velocity of fluid and solid,P For pressure, μ is the restriction function;

[0047] 4) Solve the ice rink and structure using peridynamic methods to obtain the state of each solid domain particle in the structure and ice rink;

[0048] The nonlocal meshless concept of peridynamics is a typical feature of the method. When solving the model, the entire solid computational domain is discretized into many material points. Physical parameters such as density, velocity, force, and mass of these material points exist. Based on this, the basic equations in integral form are discretized and solved through nonlocal processing methods.

[0049] 5) The Euler finite element method, immersed boundary method, and peridynamics method are coupled in the time marching scheme to obtain a unified time step required for the three algorithms to be calculated together. The unified time step is used to solve the three algorithms in a unified manner. To ensure numerical stability, the time step is obtained by the following formula, corresponding to the fluid stability time step and the structural stability time step, respectively:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, min means finding the minimum value, t For time, L e is the grid length, c is the grid sound speed, u is the grid velocity, ρ is the density, N is the number of particles, H j is the volume parameter of the discrete domain of the jth grid, f is the constitutive force, and η is the state;

[0052] 6) Using the algorithms derived from steps 2) through 5), perform simulations in a high-performance computing environment, introducing adaptive algorithms and message passing interface parallelism to improve simulation speed. Throughout the simulation, relevant data is collected, including the pressure field, velocity field, structural velocity, ice crack patterns, and the forces acting on the structure, i.e., impact loads.

[0053] To submit a target working condition job, you need to specify the required number of CPU cores, memory size, and other resource requirements. During the algorithm result output process, a data collection module is embedded. This module periodically writes key data to a file during the simulation. This data includes: recording the pressure and velocity values of each node or grid within the computational domain; the output frequency needs to be balanced based on simulation accuracy and storage space; recording the displacement and stress of structural nodes for analyzing structural velocity and stress distribution; recording information such as the starting location, propagation direction, and length of cracks; and recording the resultant force acting on the structure and its distribution. Simulation results are then obtained.

[0054] After the simulation is completed, the simulation results are transferred from the high-performance computing cluster to the local machine; the result data is visualized and analyzed using the appropriate visualization tool Tecplot, the pressure field, velocity field, structural velocity and ice crack pattern are visualized, and the results are quantitatively analyzed; custom scripts need to be written for data processing and analysis; typical numerical simulation results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The middle left image is a side view, and the right image is a three-dimensional view;

[0055] 7) Verify and confirm the accuracy and reliability of simulation results by comparing them with experimental data, and revise the model and algorithm;

[0056] The experimental device includes: a light source, an image acquisition device, a transparent water tank, a reflector, and a discharge device. The water tank contains water, and ice is placed on the water surface. The discharge device is connected to the water tank through two wires, and there is a distance between the ends of the two wires. The discharge device energizes the two wires, causing high-pressure bubbles to be generated at the ends of the wires. The light source is located on the water tank and emits illumination light into the water tank. The image acquisition device uses the reflector to collect images of the structure breaking through the ice and entering the water. The ice floating on the water is fixed in position by a fixed line, one end of which is fixed to the side wall of the water tank, and the other end is fixed to the ice. Figure 3 As shown in the figure; in the comparative verification example, the length and width of the ice are both 10 cm, the thickness is 0.5 cm, the initial bubble is 1.5 cm away from the lower surface of the ice, and the maximum radius of the bubble is 1.5 cm; the initial distance and ice thickness are both dimensionless using the maximum radius of the bubble, that is, the initial distance parameter is 1.00, and the thickness parameter is 0.33; Figure 4 Top view of typical physical processes in experiments (left) and numerical simulations (right). Figure 4 The comparison between the left and right pictures in the figure shows the typical physical characteristics of ice crack state. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the experiment. Figure 5 To quantify the verification effect, the effectiveness of the algorithm was verified;

[0057] 8) Create a database using the simulation results corresponding to different initial parameters in step 6) to facilitate efficient query and analysis:

[0058] Initial parameters include the shape of the structure, the speed and angle of movement of the structure, and the characteristic parameters of the ice rink; import the simulation result file generated in step 6) into the database, study the typical working conditions under the initial parameters such as the shape of different structures, the speed and angle of movement of different structures, and the characteristic parameters of different ice rinks, analyze the corresponding impact loads and stability, and establish a numerical simulation database suitable for actual engineering needs based on this; it is necessary to use the import tool provided by the database or the programming language combined with the database connection library to implement it; the script needs to process simulation result files of different formats and convert them into a format acceptable to the database; the data import process should include data verification and error handling mechanisms to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data; use the query language provided by the database to query and analyze data; use the query language to write complex query statements to extract the required data, and perform statistical analysis and data visualization; use the functions and aggregation operations provided by the database to simplify data processing; use the database connection library to write programs in the programming language to access and process the data in the database;

[0059] 9) Propose quantitative indicators of structural response, evaluate the structural response, and optimize the structure. Define specific standards for evaluating the structure's response to icebreaking and water entry based on the quantitative indicators:

[0060] Preprocessing the simulation results data includes cleaning the data, removing outliers and noise, and ensuring data unit consistency. Depending on the data format of the simulation results, scripts need to be written to convert and format the data for subsequent analysis.

[0061] Analyze the impact load on the structure and calculate its peak value. This is achieved by maximizing the force or pressure curve in the simulation data. The calculation area and direction of the impact load need to be clearly defined. If the impact load is distributed on the surface of the structure, the overall load or the local maximum load needs to be considered. Determine the impact load action time, that is, the impact load pulse width. This is calculated by measuring the length of time the load curve exceeds a certain threshold (2 times the acceleration of gravity). Analyze the change in the speed of the structure during the process of breaking through the ice and entering the water, and calculate the velocity decay rate. This is achieved by calculating the rate of change of the structure's velocity over time. Velocity decay reflects the energy absorption capacity and impact damping characteristics of the structure.

[0062] Based on the above calculation results, specific evaluation criteria are defined. Combining multiple indicators such as impact load peak value, impact load pulse width, and velocity attenuation rate, a multi-dimensional evaluation system is constructed. The weighted average method or other methods are used to comprehensively consider multiple indicators to ultimately obtain a comprehensive evaluation score. The calculation formula is shown below:

[0063]

[0064] in, KFor the comprehensive evaluation score, F max is the peak value of the impact load, F width is the pulse width of the impact load, v attention is the velocity decay rate, σ is a weighting function; the shape of the structure is changed, and corresponding comprehensive evaluation scores are obtained for different structural shapes. The higher the comprehensive evaluation score, the more reliable the structural design. According to the actual needs of the project, the quantitative weight of each indicator is adjusted. Typical evaluation methods include Figure 6 shown.

[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the purpose of disclosing the embodiments is to facilitate a further understanding of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the contents disclosed in the embodiments; the scope of protection claimed by the present invention shall be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for simulating and evaluating the response of structures breaking ice and entering water based on a multi-field coupling model, characterized in that: The structure icebreaking water entry simulation and response evaluation method comprises the following steps: 1) Establish a multi-field coupled 3D computational model of the structure, flow field, and ice field; and divide different gradient regions into corresponding fluid domain grids and solid domain particles; 2) Using the Euler finite element method to solve the Euler equations involved in the multi-field coupled three-dimensional computational model of the flow field, the state of each fluid domain mesh of the flow field is obtained; the fluid domain mesh generated in step 1) is used in the solution process; 3) Combining the joint direct force method and the penalty function method, the immersed boundary method is established by local constraints on velocity and pressure. The forces of the structure and ice field are transferred to the fluid domain grid through the immersed boundary method, thereby realizing the coupling between the structure and the ice field, the structure and the fluid, and the coupling between the ice field and the fluid. 4) Solve the ice rink and structure using peridynamic methods to obtain the state of each solid domain particle in the structure and ice rink; 5) Couple the Euler finite element method, immersed boundary method, and peridynamics method in the time marching scheme to obtain a unified time step required for the three algorithms to be calculated together. Use this unified time step to solve the three algorithms uniformly. 6) Run simulations on the algorithms obtained in steps 2) to 5), introduce adaptive algorithms and message passing interface parallel methods to improve simulation speed, and collect data throughout the simulation process to obtain simulation results; 7) Compare the simulation results with experimental data and revise the model and algorithm; 8) Creating a numerical simulation database using the simulation results corresponding to different initial parameter combinations in step 6); 9) Propose quantitative indicators of structural response, evaluate the structural response, and optimize the structure. Define specific standards for evaluating the structure's response to breaking ice and entering the water based on the quantitative indicators.

2. The method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water according to claim 1, wherein: In step 1), the model includes the shape of the structure, the size of the flow field, and the size of the ice field; the size of the flow field and the size of the ice field include the length, width, and height of the flow field and the ice field.

3. The method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water according to claim 1, wherein: In step 2), the turbulence effect and cavitation effect are taken into account in solving the Euler equations, and the large eddy simulation turbulence model and the Reynolds average-based cavitation model are correspondingly implanted.

4. The method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water according to claim 1, wherein: In step 3), when using the immersed boundary method, set the interpolation shape function and local constraints.

5. The method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water according to claim 1, wherein: In step 4), the structure and ice field are modeled using a bond-based peridynamic model.

6. The method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water according to claim 1, wherein: In step 5), a time step is set for each algorithm solution, and the minimum time step is taken as the unified time step.

7. The method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water according to claim 1, wherein: In step 7), the experimental apparatus includes: a light source, an image acquisition device, a transparent water tank, a reflector, and a discharge device; wherein water is placed in the water tank, and ice is placed on the water surface; the discharge device is connected to the water tank via two wires, with a distance between the ends of the two wires. The discharge device energizes the two wires, causing high-pressure bubbles to be generated at the ends of the wires; the light source is located on the water tank and emits illumination light into the water tank; the image acquisition device uses the reflector to capture images of the structure breaking through the ice and entering the water.

8. The method for simulating and evaluating the response of a structure breaking ice and entering water according to claim 1, wherein: In step 7), the model and algorithm are modified, including: the modification of the multi-field coupled three-dimensional computational model and the division of the fluid domain grid and solid domain particles in step 1), the interpolation shape function and local constraint conditions used in the immersed boundary method in step 3), and the unified time step in step 5).

9. The method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water according to claim 1, wherein: In step 8), the initial parameters include the shape of the structure, the speed of the structure, and the characteristic parameters of the ice rink; a numerical simulation database is established under the initial parameters of different structural shapes, different structural speeds, and different ice layer characteristic parameters.

10. The method for simulating and evaluating the structure breaking ice and entering water according to claim 1, wherein: In step 9), the quantitative indicators of structural response include calculating the impact load peak, impact load pulse width, and velocity attenuation index; evaluating the response of the structure under the impact load, extracting quantitative indicator data from the simulation results, calculating a comprehensive evaluation score, and obtaining the optimal structural design based on the comprehensive evaluation score.

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