BIM-based safety management resource allocation method and construction grid safety management system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of construction site management, and particularly discloses a BIM-based safety management resource allocation method and a construction grid safety management system, and the method comprises the steps: dividing a construction site into a plurality of grid units, and constructing a BIM model; in the construction process, the construction progress and the attributes of the grid units are obtained in real time based on the BIM model, and then the risk scores of the grid units are calculated through an LEC method; according to the risk score, judging a security risk level to which the grid unit belongs, performing management resource allocation on the grid unit according to the security risk level, and updating the BIM model; and when the construction of the grid units is completed, the grid units are automatically cleared from the BIM model. According to the method, grids are dynamically generated through linkage with the BIM model, and dynamic allocation of safety resources is carried out on construction grids with different construction risks; in addition, the BIM model in the construction grid safety management system is updated in real time, so that the three-dimensional visual management of the construction site can be optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of construction site management, and more specifically, relates to a BIM-based safety management resource allocation method and a construction grid safety management system. Background Art

[0002] Construction safety management is of great significance for ensuring the smooth progress of construction projects. In the process of the rapid development of the construction industry, the scale and complexity of construction projects have gradually increased, the number of high-risk special operations at the construction site has increased, the use of large construction machinery has increased, and the supervision and inspection area has increased, bringing more severe challenges to on-site safety management. Grid management is an effective means of current construction safety management. Its core is to divide the construction area into multiple grid units, allocate management resources such as supervisors as needed, and conduct targeted safety control to improve management efficiency and the response speed of emergencies.

[0003] However, the current division of construction grids focuses on division according to the drawings before construction and does not adjust in real time with the construction progress. There are unreasonable and wasteful situations in the investment of corresponding management resources during implementation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a BIM-based safety management resource allocation method and a construction grid safety management system, aiming to adjust the input of management resources in real time according to the construction progress and achieve efficient construction safety management.

[0005] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a BIM-based safety management resource allocation method is proposed, including the following steps:

[0006] Divide the construction site into multiple grid units and construct a BIM model;

[0007] During the construction process, based on the BIM model, the current construction progress and grid unit attributes are obtained in real time, and then the risk score of the grid unit is calculated using the LEC method; according to the risk score, the safety risk level to which the grid unit belongs is judged, and management resources are allocated to the grid unit according to the safety risk level, and the BIM model is updated;

[0008] When the construction of a grid unit is completed, the grid unit is automatically removed from the BIM model.

[0009] As a further preference, when allocating management resources to grid units according to the safety risk level, the calculation formula for the management resource requirement B is:

[0010] B = R 基础 × (A 网格 / 100 + W 风险 × R权重 -1)

[0011] Among them, R 基础 represents the management resources allocated to a basic unit, A 网格 represents the grid area, W 风险 represents the grid risk level, R 权重 represents the weighting factor.

[0012] As a further preference, the LEC method is used to calculate the risk score R of the grid cell, including:

[0013] R = L × E × C

[0014] L = 0.4N p + 0.3N m + 0.3W s

[0015] E = 0.5W t × 0.3W f × 0.2M f

[0016] C = 0.4R h + 0.3R e + 0.3W i

[0017] Among them, L represents the danger score, E represents the exposure frequency score, and C represents the consequence severity score; N p represents the construction personnel score, N m represents the number of large machinery score, W s represents the operation space score; W t represents the operation duration score, W f represents the daily operation frequency score, M f represents the task periodicity score; R h represents the personnel injury score caused, R e represents the direct economic loss score, W i represents the operation progress impact score.

[0018] As a further preference, the safety risk level of the grid cell is judged according to the risk score, including:

[0019] When the risk score is 1 - 20 points, the safety level is level Ⅰ; when the risk score is 21 - 50 points, the safety level is level Ⅱ; when the risk score is 51 - 90 points, the safety level is level Ⅲ; when the risk score is 91 - 125 points, the safety level is level Ⅳ.

[0020] As a further preference, the safety management resources are intelligent devices, and the intelligent devices include safety inspectors, monitoring cameras, emergency lights, robot dogs and drones.

[0021] As a further preference, the intelligent device resources R configured for one basic unit 基础 are one monitoring camera, one safety patrol personnel, and one emergency light.

[0022] As a further preference, on the basis of the management resource requirement B, when the safety risk level of the grid unit is level III, one robotic dog and one drone are additionally configured for this grid unit; when the safety risk level of the grid unit is level IV, two robotic dogs and one drone are additionally configured for this grid unit.

[0023] As a further preference, the construction site is divided into multiple grid units, specifically:

[0024] According to the regional attributes of the construction site, the construction area is divided into first-level grids;

[0025] According to the construction area, operation type, or construction floor, each first-level grid is divided into multiple second-level grids;

[0026] According to the working face or operation unit, each second-level grid is divided into multiple third-level grids;

[0027] According to the specific operation points or specific equipment, each third-level grid is divided into multiple fourth-level grids.

[0028] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a construction grid safety management system for implementing the above BIM-based safety management resource allocation method, including a BIM model module, an operation permit information module, a grid risk analysis module, and an information collection module, wherein:

[0029] The BIM model module is used to integrate the geometric information, construction progress, and grid unit attribute data of the building and update them in real time;

[0030] The operation permit information module is used to manage and record the permit information of various operations to ensure that on-site operations comply with safety standards;

[0031] The grid risk analysis module is used to divide the construction site into multiple grid units, and combine the data in the BIM model module and the operation permit information module to judge the safety risk level to which the grid unit belongs, and then allocate management resources to the grid unit according to the safety risk level;

[0032] The information collection module is used to collect the real-time information of the construction site and transmit it to the BIM model for processing and display.

[0033] As a further preference, it further includes an alarm module, and the alarm module is used to give real-time warnings and alarms for abnormal situations and risk conditions at the construction site.

[0034] Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:

[0035] 1. The present invention is closely combined with the BIM model. The BIM model provides three-dimensional visualization management of the construction site, integrates construction progress, resources and safety information, can dynamically adjust grid generation, and optimize safety management decisions. At the same time, the application of the BIM model can grasp the construction progress in real time, provide strong support for the efficient allocation of intelligent device resources, and further improve the scientificity and safety of construction management.

[0036] 2. The present invention adopts a dynamic management method in grid generation, information collection and safety management resource allocation. It can not only ensure the rationality of grid division and the real-time nature of information collection, but also effectively improve the utilization rate of management resources within each grid.

[0037] 3. The intelligent device resource configuration method designed by the present invention not only considers the grid risks of the construction grid, but also takes the area of the grid as a consideration factor for configuring intelligent device resources, overcoming the problem of limited monitoring range of general monitoring facilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the construction grid safety management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is an example diagram of grid division of this project in the BIM model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic plan view of grid division of the first basement floor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a schematic plan view of grid division of the first above-ground floor according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0043] A BIM-based safety management resource allocation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0044] S1. Divide grid units for the construction site, including:

[0045] S11. Divide the first-level grid according to the regional attributes of the construction site, and divide the construction area into the first-level grid;

[0046] S12. Further divide the first-level grid into multiple second-level grids, usually divided by construction area, operation type or construction floor;

[0047] S13. Further divide each second-level grid into multiple third-level grids, usually divided by working face or operation unit;

[0048] S14. Further subdivide the third-level grid, usually divided by specific operation points or specific equipment.

[0049] The specific division principle is shown in Table 1:

[0050] Table 1 Grid Division Principle

[0051]

[0052] S2. Conduct safety risk analysis and assessment on grid cells, including:

[0053] S21. Conduct risk assessment on each grid cell to obtain the corresponding risk score of the grid cell; among them, the data required for calculating the grid risk score is obtained according to the BIM model module and the operation permit information module.

[0054] Furthermore, use the LEC method to calculate the grid risk score R:

[0055] R = L × E × C

[0056] = (0.4N p + 0.3N m + 0.3W s ) × (0.5W t × 0.3W f × 0.2M f ) × (0.4R h + 0.3R e + 0.3W i )

[0057] Among them, L represents the danger rating, E represents the exposure frequency rating, and C represents the consequence severity rating; N p represents the construction personnel rating, N m represents the large machinery quantity rating, W s represents the operation space rating; W t represents the operation duration rating, W f represents the daily operation frequency rating, M f represents the task periodicity rating; R h represents the personnel injury rating caused, R eRepresents the direct economic loss score, W i Represents the impact score of the operation progress.

[0058] Specifically, each first-level indicator in the LEC method consists of three second-level indicators, and the score corresponding to the first-level indicator is also obtained by weighting the scores of the second-level indicators. The specific scoring indicators are shown in Table 2:

[0059] Table 2 Scoring indicators

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] S22. According to the obtained risk score, determine the safety risk level to which the grid cell belongs.

[0063] Furthermore, based on the grid risk score calculated by the LEC method, determine its belonging safety risk level. The safety levels are divided into four levels: I, II, III, and IV, and the safety risks gradually decrease. Specifically, when the risk score is 1 - 20 points, the safety level is level I; when the risk score is 21 - 50 points, the safety level is level II; when the risk score is 51 - 90 points, the safety level is level III; when the risk score is 91 - 125 points, the safety level is level IV.

[0064] S3. Allocate corresponding safety management resources to each grid according to the safety risk level and the grid area.

[0065] Furthermore, the safety management resources are specifically intelligent device resources, and their allocation rules are as follows:

[0066] Considering that the monitoring range of general monitoring facilities is limited, the intelligent device resource allocation principle of the present invention not only considers the grid risk score of the construction grid, but also takes the area of the grid as a consideration factor to allocate intelligent device resources. Referring to the existing camera coverage range on the market, this embodiment takes 100m 2 as a basic unit of intelligent device resources, and the resource demand calculation method is as follows:

[0067] Resource demand B = R 基础 × (A 网格 / 100 + W 风险 × R 权重 -1)

[0068] Among them, R 基础 represents the intelligent device resources configured for one basic unit, A 网格 represents the grid area, W 风险 represents the grid risk level, R 权重 represents the weighting factor; if A 网格If / 100 is not an integer, take the smallest integer not less than the obtained result.

[0069] In this embodiment, the intelligent device resources R configured for one basic unit 基础 are set as 1 monitoring camera, 1 safety patrol personnel, and 1 emergency light, and R 权重 is set as 100%. Considering that more advanced intelligent patrol devices are needed when the risk level is high, it is set that when the risk level is greater than level III, a robot dog and a drone are added to the construction grid. Since the patrol range of these two devices is much larger than the area of one construction grid, the configuration of the robot dog and the drone does not consider the grid area and is a fixed value. That is, when the risk level of the grid is level III, 1 robot dog and 1 drone are additionally configured on the original intelligent devices; when the risk level of the grid is level IV, 2 robot dogs and 1 drone are additionally configured on the original intelligent devices.

[0070] When the construction area of the grid is less than the basic unit of intelligent device resources (100m 2 ), the configuration examples of intelligent device resources are shown in Table 3:

[0071] Table 3 Configuration of intelligent device resources

[0072] Risk level Safety inspector / person Surveillance camera / unit Emergency light / piece Robot dog / piece Drone / unit Level I 1 1 1 0 0 Level II 2 2 2 0 0 Level III 3 3 3 1 1 Level IV 4 4 4 2 1

[0073] In addition, since some cameras adopt a wireless design, after the construction of a certain grid is completed, they can be conveniently disassembled and reinstalled to other construction grids, which can avoid resource waste and achieve flexible allocation and efficient utilization of resources.

[0074] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a BIM-based construction grid safety management system, as Figure 1 shown, which includes a BIM model module, an operation permit information module, a grid risk analysis module, an information collection module, and an alarm module.

[0075] The BIM model module is the core module of the system, responsible for constructing and managing the three-dimensional information model of the building, and integrating various types of construction, progress, resource and other data. Specifically, through the BIM model module, the system can present the geometric structure of the building, the construction progress, and relevant safety, resource information, etc. This module contains the geometric information of the building, records the three-dimensional coordinates, shapes, dimensions and other geometric information of each component of the building, and provides three-dimensional visualization of the construction site; the BIM model also includes the construction progress, process plan and current status (completed, under construction, to be constructed) of each component. The BIM model also contains grid attribute data such as time, grid level, risk score, grid area, etc. In the BIM model, the safety grid is modeled as an independent three-dimensional object, and the boundaries and numbers are clearly marked in the model. The grid model is automatically generated before construction. When the construction unit is in the to-be-constructed state, the system will automatically create the corresponding grid model; when the construction unit is marked as completed, the grid model will be automatically removed. As the construction progresses, the BIM model will update the construction progress, safety information and resource status in real time, helping managers to comprehensively grasp the on-site dynamics and achieve more efficient construction process management and decision support. In the present invention, based on the original BIM model, the BIM model is continuously deepened through information collection, and finally the deepened BIM model is imported.

[0076] The job permit information module is responsible for managing and recording the permit information of various jobs to ensure that on-site operations comply with safety standards. Specifically, the main person in charge of the operation needs to report the operation content one day before the operation. The reported content usually includes information such as the number of construction workers, construction time, construction site, and the number of large-scale construction machinery required for the construction. After the report is submitted, the project general contractor will review and evaluate the report to decide whether to approve the relevant operation. According to the approval result, the system will record and update the job permit information, including whether the personnel and equipment are authorized to carry out operations within the specified time and area.

[0077] The grid risk analysis module divides the construction site into multiple grid units, combines data such as the number of construction workers, the number of large-scale machinery, the size of the operation space in the BIM model module, and the operation duration, operation frequency and task periodicity in the job permit information module, conducts safety risk analysis and assessment on each grid unit, and finally realizes the allocation of intelligent device resources for the grid units.

[0078] The information collection module collects real-time information on the construction site through Internet of Things technology and transmits the data to the BIM model for processing and display. Specifically, this module uses positioning technologies such as RFID, GPS, and Bluetooth to monitor the specific locations of construction workers and equipment on-site in real time; through wireless networks or Internet of Things platforms, the collected data is transmitted to the system background and stored in the database for subsequent analysis. At the same time, this module integrates the collected data into the BIM model to achieve visual display and dynamic update of the data, thereby improving the informatization management level of the construction site.

[0079] The alarm module is responsible for real-time warning and alarming of abnormal situations and risk conditions on the construction site to ensure timely response to potential safety risks or emergencies. Specifically, this module divides different levels of alarm response strategies according to the risk level. For example, low-level alarms are notified through system prompts, while medium- and high-level alarms are promptly informed to relevant management personnel through multiple channels such as text messages and emails. In addition, the system will record in detail the time, location, event type, and its handling results of each alarm, providing important data support and basis for subsequent safety analysis and improvement measures.

[0080] The following are specific embodiments:

[0081] The project under construction is a high-rise commercial building being built. The construction site is divided into a main structure area and an underground parking lot area. Each area contains different operation blocks, involving various construction tasks such as steel bar processing and concrete pouring. To ensure site safety, grid management is carried out on the site. Each grid is evaluated for risk scores according to the LEC method, and intelligent device resources are allocated based on the results. In this embodiment, the monitoring camera on the construction site has a lens size of 8mm. To ensure the monitoring quality, the monitoring distance of a monitoring camera with an 8mm lens size is 12m, and the monitoring angle of the monitoring camera is 90°. From this, it is calculated that the monitoring range of a monitoring camera is 113m 2 , using 100m 2 as a basic unit of intelligent device resources. Figure 2 Indicates the grid division of the project in the BIM model as Figure 2 shown, and the grid division floor plan of each floor of the project is as Figure 3 , Figure 4 shown.

[0082] The following are the specific implementation steps of the BIM-based construction grid safety management resource allocation method:

[0083] S1. Grid division of the construction site

[0084] 1.1 Grid division

[0085] First, divide the construction of the project into grids, and divide the construction site into three-level grids:

[0086] First-level grid: It is divided into the main structure area (B) and the underground parking lot (A) as a whole.

[0087] Second-level grid: In the main structure area, it is divided according to the operation type. For example, B1 represents the main structure project, and B2 represents the foundation project.

[0088] Third-level grid: It is divided according to the operation content on each floor. For example, B1-1 represents the steel bar processing area, and B1-2 represents the concrete pouring area.

[0089] 1.2 Grid coding identification

[0090] Each grid is independently identified and coded for subsequent management. For example, the coding of the steel bar processing area on the first basement floor is A1-3, and the coding of the concrete pouring area on the first floor of the main structure area is B1-2.

[0091] S2. Safety risk assessment

[0092] 2.1 Information collection within the grid

[0093] For the third-level grid, collect information related to the secondary indicators of the LEC method. Examples are shown in Tables 4 and 5:

[0094] Table 4 Underground parking lot area (A1-3): Information on the steel bar processing area

[0095]

[0096] Table 5 Main structure area (B1-2): Information on the concrete pouring area on the first floor

[0097]

[0098] 2.2 Calculate the risk score of the grid

[0099] Use the LEC method, and perform weighted summation on the secondary indicators of exposure frequency (E), likelihood (L), and consequence severity (C) to calculate the risk score of each area, and then determine the safety risk level.

[0100] Underground parking lot steel bar processing area (A1-3): Risk score (R) = 2.5×3.7×3.3 = 30.525 points;

[0101] Concrete pouring area on the first floor of the main structure area (B1-2): Risk score (R) = 1.7×2.2×2.3 = 8.602 points.

[0102] S3. Configure intelligent device resources

[0103] Configure intelligent device resources according to the security risk level. Only the risk score calculation of two grids is described in detail above, and the other grids are not calculated in detail; the intelligent device allocation resources of each grid are shown in Table 6:

[0104] Table 6 Intelligent device allocation resources

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based safety management resource allocation method, characterized in that: The steps include: Divide the construction site into multiple grid units and build a BIM model; During the construction process, the current construction progress and grid unit attributes are obtained in real time based on the BIM model, and then the risk score of the grid unit is calculated using the LEC method. The safety risk level of the grid unit is determined based on the risk score, and management resources are allocated to the grid unit based on the safety risk level, and the BIM model is updated. When the construction of a grid unit is completed, the grid unit is automatically removed from the BIM model.

2. The BIM-based safety management resource allocation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Management resources are allocated to grid units according to the security risk level. The management resource requirement B is calculated as: B=R 基础 ×(A 网格 / 100+W 风险 ×R 权重 -1) Among them, R 基础 Represents the management resources configured by a basic unit, A 网格 Represents the grid area, W 风险 Represents the grid risk level, R 权重 Represents the weighting factor.

3. The BIM-based safety management resource allocation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The risk score R of the grid unit is calculated using the LEC method, including: R=L×E×C <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">L=0.4N<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> p <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +0.3N<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> m <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +0.3W<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> s <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">E = 0.5W<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> t <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> ×0.3W<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> f <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> ×0.2M<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> f <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">C=0.4R<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> h <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +0.3R<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> e <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +0.3W<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> i Where L represents the hazard score, E represents the exposure frequency score, C represents the consequence severity score; N p Represents the construction staff score, N m represents the number of large machinery scores, W s represents the work space score; W t Indicates the homework duration score, W f represents the daily homework frequency score, M f Represents the task periodicity score; R h Indicates the personal injury score caused, R e represents the direct economic loss score, W i Indicates that homework progress affects the score.

4. The BIM-based safety management resource allocation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The security risk level of the grid unit is determined based on the risk score, including: When the risk score is 1 to 20 points, the safety level is Level I; when the risk score is 21 to 50 points, the safety level is Level II; when the risk score is 51 to 90 points, the safety level is Level III; when the risk score is 91 to 125 points, the safety level is Level IV.

5. The BIM-based safety management resource allocation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The security management resources are smart devices, including security inspectors, surveillance cameras, emergency lights, robot dogs and drones.

6. The BIM-based safety management resource allocation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The smart device resources R configured by a basic unit 基础 There is 1 surveillance camera, 1 security inspector and 1 emergency light.

7. The BIM-based safety management resource allocation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: On the basis of management resource demand B, when the security risk level of the grid unit is level III, the grid unit is additionally configured with 1 robot dog and 1 drone; when the security risk level of the grid unit is level IV, the grid unit is additionally configured with 2 robot dogs and 1 drone.

8. The BIM-based safety management resource allocation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Divide the construction site into multiple grid cells, specifically: According to the regional attributes of the construction site, the construction area is divided into primary grids; Divide each primary grid into multiple secondary grids according to the construction area, operation type or construction floor; According to the working surface or working unit, each secondary grid is divided into multiple tertiary grids; According to the specific operation point or specific equipment, each three-level grid is divided into multiple four-level grids.

9. A construction grid safety management system for implementing the BIM-based safety management resource allocation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes BIM model module, work permit information module, grid risk analysis module and information collection module, among which: The BIM model module is used to integrate the building's geometric information, construction progress and grid unit attribute data, and update them in real time; The operation permit information module is used to manage and record the permit information of various operations to ensure that on-site operations meet safety standards; The grid risk analysis module is used to divide the construction site into multiple grid units, and combine the data in the BIM model module and the work permit information module to determine the safety risk level of the grid unit, and then allocate management resources to the grid unit according to the safety risk level; The information collection module is used to collect real-time information of the construction site and transmit it to the BIM model for processing and display.

10. The construction grid safety management system according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes an alarm module, which is used to provide real-time early warning and alarm for abnormal conditions and risk conditions at the construction site.

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