Super-large scale MIMO visual area estimation method based on planar array

Abstract

The invention discloses a super-large-scale MIMO visual area estimation method based on a planar array, and the method comprises the steps: processing a received uplink signal sent by a user, and obtaining the sum of the receiving powers of all rows of antennas of a base station and the sum of the receiving powers of all columns of antennas of the base station; estimating a user visual area by row according to the sum of the received power of each row of antennas of the base station, estimating the user visual area by column according to the sum of the received power of each column of antennas of the base station, and respectively calculating to obtain an antenna index interval of the row where the user visual area is located and an antenna index interval of the column where the user visual area is located; the antenna receiving power as high as possible is contained in the visible area window as small as possible; and combining the antenna index interval of the line where the user visual area is located and the antenna index interval of the column where the user visual area is located to obtain the user visual area. The method can successfully solve the estimation problem of the discontinuous visual area of the uniform planar array.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and particularly relates to a method for estimating the visible area of a very large-scale MIMO based on a planar array. Background Art

[0002] In a very large-scale multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, the sharp increase in the size of the antenna array has led to a fundamental change in the channel modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation, and it is necessary to consider using a uniform spherical wave model for channel modeling. In addition, the channel of a very large-scale MIMO cannot be regarded as stationary. Different parts of the array antenna may experience different propagation environments, resulting in different channels experienced by the signals between different transceiver antenna element pairs, showing spatial non-stationary characteristics, that is, the scatterers (or reflectors) that can be observed by each part of the array antenna may be different. Therefore, the concept of the visible area is introduced, that is, only part of the antenna array in a very large-scale MIMO system is "visible" to the user. The near-field and spatial non-stationary characteristics of a very large-scale MIMO system pose challenges to system design.

[0003] Visible area estimation can significantly improve the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of the system. By only activating the antennas located within the user's visible area, the energy consumption of the antennas in the non-visible area can be avoided. At the same time, due to the deployment of a huge number of antennas in a very large-scale MIMO system, the pilot-based visible area estimation method has a huge overhead, which is often unbearable for the base station. At the same time, the pilot-based visible area estimation method often has a high time complexity and cannot well meet the real-time requirements in a dynamic environment. In addition, for a uniform planar array, the existing technologies often assume that the visible area is continuous, which does not hold in practical applications. In an actual very large-scale MIMO system, the user's visible area is usually irregular and discontinuous. Therefore, the existing visible area estimation technologies have certain limitations to a certain extent.

[0004] The invention with the publication number CN115314082B discloses a method for identifying the user's visible area in a very large-scale MIMO system, which can estimate the VR information of a large number of other unknown users by obtaining the VR information of some known users; the invention with the publication number CN116488684B discloses a method and device for identifying the visible area in a very large-scale MIMO antenna system, and the method of adaptively adjusting the allocation ratio helps to improve the accuracy of VR identification. However, the foregoing inventions do not involve the identification problem when the user's visible area is irregular and discontinuous. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for estimating the visible area of a very large-scale MIMO based on a planar array. By using a sliding window-based method, the visible area of the user is estimated row by row and column by column to obtain the visible area of the user, so as to solve the problem of estimating the discontinuous visible area of a uniform planar array.

[0006] To achieve the above technical object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The present invention discloses a method for estimating the visible area of a very large-scale MIMO based on a planar array, and the method includes the following steps:

[0008] Process the uplink signal received from the user to obtain the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each row of the base station and the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each column of the base station;

[0009] Estimate the visible area of the user row by row in combination with the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each row of the base station, and estimate the visible area of the user column by column in combination with the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each column of the base station. Calculate the antenna index intervals of the rows and columns where the visible area of the user is located respectively, so that as large a received power of the antenna as possible is included within a visible area window as small as possible;

[0010] Merge the antenna index intervals of the rows and columns where the visible area of the user is located to obtain the visible area of the user.

[0011] Further, the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each row of the base station The sum of the received powers of the antennas in each column of the base station z ij is the power received by the antenna in the i-th row and j-th column, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna elements of the base station respectively.

[0012] Further, the process of calculating the antenna index intervals of the rows and columns where the visible area of the user is located respectively includes the following steps:

[0013] Define the objective function as the sum of the received power of the antennas outside the visible area window and the value of the width of the visible area window multiplied by the scaling factor, so as to simultaneously characterize the received power of the antennas outside the visible area window and the influence of the width of the visible area window, as follows:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, is the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each row, is the power received by the antenna in the n y -th row and j-th column, and α is the scaling factor of the width of the visible area window, which is used to adjust the influence of the width of the visible area window on the objective function. With n y respectively represent the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window;

[0016] Based on the above definition of the objective function, minimizing the objective function means including as large an antenna received power as possible within as small a visible area window as possible; therefore, by minimizing the objective function Determine the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window:

[0017]

[0018] wherein, and respectively represent the estimated upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window, η refers to the ratio of the number of antennas in the preset visible area to the total number of antenna elements, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna elements of the base station respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, the width scaling factor α of the visible area window is:

[0020]

[0021] wherein, represents the sum of the received powers of the antenna elements within the estimated visible area window, represents the sum of the received powers of the antenna elements outside the estimated visible area window:

[0022]

[0023] wherein, represents the nth term after arranging the total received powers of the antennas in each row of the base station in ascending order, N α represents the estimated width of the estimated visible area window.

[0024] Furthermore, the upper and lower boundaries, left and right boundaries of the visible area window are obtained by using the method of sliding window contraction; specifically including the following steps:

[0025] Based on the total received powers of the antennas in each row of the base station Slide the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window, compare the received powers of the antenna elements corresponding to the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window, and slide the visible area window inward by one antenna element from the end with the smaller received power of the antenna elements; based on the total received powers of the antennas in each column of the base station Slide the left and right boundaries of the visible area window, compare the received powers of the antenna elements corresponding to the left and right boundaries of the visible area window, and slide the visible area window inward by one antenna element from the end with the smaller received power of the antenna elements; expressed as:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, represents the upper boundary of the visible area window, which is used as the antenna row index corresponding to the first row of antenna elements within the user's visible area; n y represents the lower boundary of the visible area window, which is used as the antenna row index corresponding to the last row of antenna elements within the user's visible area; represents the left boundary of the visible area window, which is used as the antenna column index corresponding to the first column of antenna elements within the user's visible area; n x represents the right boundary of the visible area window, which is used as the antenna column index corresponding to the last column of antenna elements within the user's visible area; represents the power of the th column of antenna elements of the base station; represents the base station in the y th column of antenna elements of the base station; represents the power of the th row of antenna elements of the base station; represents the power of the x th row of antenna elements of the base station.

[0028] Furthermore, the antenna index intervals of the rows and columns where the user's visible area is located are respectively:

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0032] The method for estimating the visible area of a very large-scale MIMO based on a planar array according to the present invention, compared with the prior art, realizes efficient identification of the user's visible area in a uniform planar array with lower complexity and has a lower estimation error. In addition, the present invention overcomes the limitation of the prior visible area estimation technology based on the assumption of continuous visible areas and is applicable to planar arrays with non-continuous visible areas, having better practicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the method for estimating the visible area of a very large-scale MIMO based on a planar array according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a system applicable to the method for estimating the visible area of a very large-scale MIMO based on a planar array according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the simulation results of the method for estimating the visible area of a very large-scale MIMO based on a planar array according to the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals: 1 represents a base station deploying a very large-scale MIMO; 2 represents a user. Specific embodiments

[0037] The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The present invention discloses a method for estimating the visible area of a very large-scale MIMO based on a planar array, and the method includes the following steps:

[0039] Process the uplink signal received from the user to obtain the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each row of the base station and the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each column of the base station;

[0040] Estimate the user's visible area row by row in combination with the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each row of the base station, and estimate the user's visible area column by column in combination with the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each column of the base station, and respectively calculate the antenna index intervals of the rows and columns where the user's visible area is located, so that as large a received power of the antennas as possible is included within a visible area window as small as possible;

[0041] Merge the antenna index intervals of the rows and columns where the user's visible area is located to obtain the user's visible area.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, the method for estimating the visible area of a very large-scale MIMO based on a planar array according to the present invention estimates the user's visible area row by row and column by column through a sliding window-based method to obtain the user's visible area, so as to solve the problem of estimating the discontinuous visible area of a uniform planar array. As Figure 2 shown, the method of the present invention is applicable to a base station deploying a very large-scale antenna array, and the base station deploys a uniform planar array of M×N antenna elements, where M is the number of rows of antenna elements and N is the number of columns of antenna elements. The base station estimates the user's visible area by receiving the uplink signal sent by the user.

[0043] In this embodiment, a variable-size rectangular visible area window is defined within the uniform planar array of the base station, and it is considered that the antenna elements within the window are the user's visible area. The antenna index sets of the rows and columns where the user's visible area is located are respectively:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, represents the upper boundary of the visible area window, that is, the antenna row index corresponding to the first row of antenna elements within the user's visible area; Represents the lower boundary of the visible area window, that is, the antenna row index corresponding to the last row of antenna elements within the user's visible area; Represents the left boundary of the visible area window, that is, the antenna column index corresponding to the first column of antenna elements within the user's visible area; Represents the right boundary of the visible area window, that is, the antenna column index corresponding to the last column of antenna elements within the user's visible area.

[0046] The set of antenna indices for the rows where the user's visible area is located It is determined by the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window, and the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window are obtained through a method based on the sliding window contraction criterion. Similarly, the interval of antenna indices for the columns where the user's visible area is located It is determined by the left and right boundaries of the visible area window and is obtained through a method based on the sliding window contraction criterion.

[0047] The core idea of this scheme is to estimate the user's visible area row by row and column by column through a method based on the sliding window contraction criterion, obtain the interval of antenna indices for the rows where the user's visible area is located and the interval of antenna indices for the columns where the user's visible area is located, and then merge the obtained intervals of antenna indices to obtain the two-dimensional user visible area. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0048] Process the received signals to obtain the total received power of each row of antennas at the base station And the total received power of each column of antennas at the base station Among them, z ij Is the power received by the antenna in the i-th row and j-th column.

[0049] Estimate the user's visible area row by row and column by column through a method based on the sliding window to obtain the interval of the rows where the user's visible area is located and the interval of antenna indices for the columns where the user's visible area is located.

[0050] Merge the intervals of the rows where the user's visible area is located and the intervals of the columns where the user's visible area is located to obtain the user's visible area.

[0051] The upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window are obtained through a method based on the sliding window contraction criterion, including the following steps:

[0052] Define the objective function As the sum of the received power of the antennas outside the visible area window and the product of the width of the visible area window and the scaling factor, as shown below:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, Is the total received power of each row of antennas Is the n-th yThe power received by the antenna in the j-th column of the i-th row, and α is the scaling factor of the visible area window width. and n y respectively represent the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window.

[0055] To include as much antenna received power as possible within the smallest possible visible area window for accurate user visible area estimation, the boundary of the visible area window is determined by minimizing the objective function as follows:

[0056]

[0057] where and respectively represent the estimated upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window, and η refers to the proportion of the number of antennas in the preset visible area to the total number of antenna elements. This minimization problem is obtained based on the sliding window contraction criterion.

[0058] Meanwhile, the left and right boundaries of the visible area window are obtained by a similar method.

[0059] Preferably, the scaling factor α of the visible area window width is set to satisfy to ensure that as much antenna received power as possible is included within the smallest possible visible area window. Without loss of generality, the scaling factor α of the visible area window width is set as:

[0060]

[0061] where represents the sum of the received powers of the antenna elements within the estimated visible area window, represents the sum of the received powers of the antenna elements outside the estimated visible area window, as follows:

[0062]

[0063] where represents the n-th term after arranging the total received powers of the antennas in each row of the base station in ascending order, and N α represents the estimated width of the estimated visible area window.

[0064] In this embodiment, the sliding window contraction criterion is set as follows: Based on the total received powers of the antennas in each row of the base station slide the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window, and based on the total received powers of the antennas in each column of the base station The left and right boundaries of the sliding visible area window. Compare the received power of the antenna elements corresponding to the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window, and slide the visible area window inward by one antenna element from the end with the antenna element having a smaller received power; similarly, compare the received power of the antenna elements corresponding to the left and right boundaries of the visible area window, and slide the visible area window inward by one antenna element from the end with the antenna element having a smaller received power, which is expressed as:

[0065]

[0066] In the formula, represents the upper boundary of the visible area window, that is, the antenna row index corresponding to the first row of antenna elements within the user's visible area; n y represents the lower boundary of the visible area window, that is, the antenna row index corresponding to the last row of antenna elements within the user's visible area; represents the left boundary of the visible area window, that is, the antenna column index corresponding to the first column of antenna elements within the user's visible area; n x represents the right boundary of the visible area window, that is, the antenna column index corresponding to the last column of antenna elements within the user's visible area. represents the power of the th column of antenna units of the base station; represents the base station in the y th column of antenna units; represents the power of the th row of antenna units of the base station; represents the n x th row of antenna units of the base station.

[0067] The solution of the present invention is applicable to the estimation of the visible area of a planar array in a very large-scale MIMO system. Although the method for estimating the visible area of the planar array is analyzed based on a uniform planar array, the analysis method is also applicable to a uniform circular array, a uniform linear array, and a planar array with non-uniform arrangements of various antenna elements. Specifically, the case of a uniform linear array is a special case of the solution. For the estimation of the visible area of a non-uniform planar array, it can still be estimated row by row and column by column and then combined.

[0068] As Figure 3 shown, this embodiment introduces a specific experimental design of a method for estimating the visible area of a very large-scale MIMO based on a planar array. In this embodiment, it is considered that the base station in the very large-scale MIMO system deploys a uniform planar array antenna with 100×100 antenna elements, the signal carrier frequency is 3 GHz, the antenna array spacing is half a wavelength, the number of users is 1, and the base station transmission signal-to-noise ratio range is from 0 dB to 20 dB. Figure 3The curve in [the figure] shows that as the signal-to-noise ratio of the base station transmission increases, the root mean square error of the visible area estimation gradually decreases, and a relatively small root mean square error of estimation can be obtained, verifying the effectiveness of the solution proposed in this embodiment.

[0069] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code. The solutions in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in various computer languages. For example, object-oriented programming languages such as Java and interpreted scripting languages such as JavaScript.

[0070] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processors of general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, embedded processors, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions run by the processors of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the specified functions in Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0071] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means that implement the specified functions in Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0072] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operation steps are run on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions run on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the specified functions in Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0073] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments by those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.

[0074] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for estimating visible area of ​​ultra-large-scale MIMO based on planar array, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Processing the received uplink signal sent by the user to obtain the sum of the received power of each row antenna of the base station and the sum of the received power of each column antenna of the base station; The user visible area is estimated row by row based on the sum of the antenna received powers of each row of the base station, and the user visible area is estimated column by column based on the sum of the antenna received powers of each column of the base station, and the antenna index interval of the row and the antenna index interval of the column where the user visible area is located are calculated respectively, so that the largest possible antenna received power is contained in the smallest possible visible area window; The antenna index interval of the row where the user visible area is located and the antenna index interval of the column where the user visible area is located are merged to obtain the user visible area.

2. The method for estimating visible area of ​​a planar array based ultra-large-scale MIMO according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total received power of each row of antennas in the base station The total received power of each column antenna of the base station z ij is the power received by the antenna at the i-th row and j-th column, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna elements of the base station, respectively.

3. The method for estimating visible area of ​​a planar array based ultra-large-scale MIMO according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of respectively calculating the antenna index interval of the row and the antenna index interval of the column where the user visible area is located includes the following steps: Define the objective function It is the sum of the received power of the antenna outside the visible area window and the width of the visible area window multiplied by the scaling factor: in, is the total power received by each row of antennas, For nth y The power received by the antenna in the jth row and column, α is the scaling factor of the visible area window width, which is used to adjust the impact of the visible area window width on the objective function, With n y Respectively represent the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window; By minimizing the objective function Determine the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window: in, and They represent the upper and lower boundaries of the estimated visible area window respectively, η refers to the ratio of the number of antennas in the preset visible area to the total number of antenna units, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna elements of the base station respectively.

4. The method for estimating visible area of ​​a planar array based ultra-large-scale MIMO according to claim 3, characterized in that: The visible area window width scaling factor α is: in, It represents the estimated sum of the received powers of the antenna elements in the visible area window. It represents the estimated sum of the received powers of the antenna elements outside the window in the visible area: in, It represents the nth item after the sum of the received powers of the antennas in each row of the base station is arranged in ascending order, N α Represents the estimated visible area window width.

5. The method for estimating visible area of ​​a planar array based ultra-large-scale MIMO according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper and lower boundaries, left and right boundaries of the visible area window are obtained by using a sliding window shrinkage method; specifically, the following steps are included: Based on the total received power of each row of antennas in the base station Slide the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window, compare the received power of the antenna elements corresponding to the upper and lower boundaries of the visible area window, and slide the visible area window inward from the end of the antenna element with small received power to one antenna element; based on the total received power of each column of the base station antenna Slide the left and right boundaries of the visible area window, compare the received powers of the antenna elements corresponding to the left and right boundaries of the visible area window, and slide the visible area window inward by one antenna element from the end of the antenna element with small received power; it is expressed as: In the formula, Indicates the upper boundary of the visible area window, which is used as the antenna row index corresponding to the first row of antenna elements in the user's visible area; n y Indicates the lower boundary of the visible area window, which is used as the antenna row index corresponding to the last row of antenna elements in the user's visible area; Indicates the left edge of the visible area window, which is used as the antenna column index corresponding to the first column of antenna elements in the user's visible area; n x Indicates the right edge of the visible area window, which is used as the antenna column index corresponding to the last column of antenna elements in the user's visible area; Indicates the base station The power of the antenna element; Indicates base station The nth y The power of the antenna element; Indicates the base station The power of the row antenna unit; Indicates base station n x The power of the antenna unit.

6. The method for estimating visible area of ​​a planar array-based ultra-large-scale MIMO system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The antenna index interval of the row where the user visible area is located and the antenna index interval of the column where the user visible area is located are respectively:

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