Intelligent optical cable monitoring method and system based on digital twinning

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical cable intelligent monitoring, in particular to an optical cable intelligent monitoring method and system based on digital twinning. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining optical cable line design data, querying distribution structure characteristics of an optical cable line, collecting optical cable composition material data, constructing an optical cable operation simulation model based on the data, and detecting an optical cable external load coupling stress effect. Monitoring the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss according to the stress effect and the structure degradation; on the basis of optical cable structure loss evolution characteristics, the optical fiber transmission bandwidth limitation condition is evaluated, the signal attenuation aggravation condition is detected, and the abnormal condition of optical cable communication quality is determined by combining the data; the optical cable operation abnormal condition is evaluated, the abnormal defect position of the optical cable is positioned, and real-time early warning is realized through optical cable operation fault monitoring and data uploading to an optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform; the optical cable state is monitored and early warned, so that the optical cable transmission is more stable and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent monitoring of optical cables, and particularly to an intelligent monitoring method and system for optical cables based on digital twins. Background Technique

[0002] As the core infrastructure for information transmission, optical cables carry the transmission tasks of various types of communication data globally. In fiber optic communication networks, the stable operation of optical cables is crucial for ensuring communication quality. However, due to the influence of external environmental factors, physical losses, long-term operation, etc., optical cables are prone to varying degrees of losses, degradation, and faults during use, thereby affecting the transmission quality of optical fiber signals. Therefore, the health monitoring and fault diagnosis of optical cables are important measures to ensure the security and stable operation of communication networks. Most of the existing digital twin models focus on a single monitoring dimension and often cannot comprehensively consider the multiple factors of optical cable lines and the impact of complex environments on the performance of optical cables. Traditional optical cable monitoring technologies mainly rely on methods such as patrol inspection, breakpoint positioning, and fault troubleshooting, usually relying on empirical judgment and simple detection tools. This method has certain limitations. Therefore, traditional intelligent monitoring methods for optical cables still have problems such as inaccurate monitoring of the evolution characteristics of optical cable structure losses and inaccurate detection of the dynamic degradation degree of optical cable structures. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an intelligent monitoring method and system for optical cables based on digital twins to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objective, an intelligent monitoring method for optical cables based on digital twins includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the design data of the optical cable line; query the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line according to the design data of the optical cable line; collect the composition material data of the optical cable line according to the design data of the optical cable line; construct an optical cable operation simulation model based on the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line and the composition material data of the optical cable line; Step S2: Conduct an optical cable operation simulation based on the optical cable operation simulation model to obtain optical cable operation simulation data; detect the external load coupling stress effect of the optical cable based on the optical cable operation simulation data; determine the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure according to the external load coupling stress effect of the optical cable; monitor the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss according to the external load coupling stress effect of the optical cable and the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure; Step S3: Evaluate the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth according to the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss; detect the aggravated situation of the optical fiber signal attenuation based on the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth; determine the abnormal situation of the optical cable communication quality according to the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth and the aggravated situation of the optical fiber signal attenuation; Step S4: Evaluate the abnormal operating condition of the optical cable based on the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality and the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss; Locate and identify the position of the abnormal defect of the optical cable based on the abnormal operating condition of the optical cable to obtain the optical cable defect position data; Monitor the operating fault of the optical cable based on the optical cable defect position data and the abnormal operating condition of the optical cable to obtain the optical cable operating fault data, and upload it to the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform to execute the optical cable early warning task.

[0005] By obtaining the optical cable line design data, querying the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line, and collecting the material data of the optical cable components, the present invention can comprehensively understand the structure and material characteristics of the optical cable, providing an accurate data basis for the construction of the subsequent simulation model. Based on this, the constructed optical cable operation simulation model can accurately simulate the operation of the optical cable in the actual environment, thereby effectively predicting the stress effect of the optical cable under external loads, and further analyzing the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure through the stress effect, providing a basis for the subsequent loss evolution monitoring. By real-time monitoring of the external load stress effect and the dynamic degradation of the optical cable structure, the early signs of the optical cable performance change can be accurately captured, thereby realizing the forward-looking assessment of the optical cable operation quality. By evaluating the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth and the increased signal attenuation, the abnormal changes in the optical cable communication quality can be identified in a timely manner, ensuring the stability and reliability of the communication link. In addition, according to the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality and the structure loss characteristics, the abnormal operating condition of the optical cable can be further evaluated and the defect position can be accurately located, providing important data support for the optical cable maintenance. Finally, with the integration of the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform and the real-time data upload, the automatic monitoring and early warning of the optical cable operation fault are realized, effectively improving the intelligent level of the optical cable maintenance, reducing the risk of fault occurrence, and ensuring the stability and long-term operation of the optical cable system. Therefore, the present invention is an optimization of the traditional optical cable intelligent monitoring, solving the problems that the traditional optical cable intelligent monitoring has inaccurate monitoring of the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss and inaccurate detection of the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure, improving the accuracy of the detection of the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure and the accuracy of the detection of the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure.

[0006] The present invention also provides an optical cable intelligent monitoring system based on digital twin for executing the optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin as described above. The optical cable intelligent monitoring based on digital twin includes: An optical cable operation simulation model construction module, configured to obtain optical cable line design data; query the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line according to the optical cable line design data; collect the material data of the optical cable line components according to the optical cable line design data; and construct an optical cable operation simulation model based on the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line and the material data of the optical cable line components. The optical cable structure loss evolution characteristic monitoring module is used to perform optical cable operation simulation according to the optical cable operation simulation model, so as to obtain optical cable operation simulation data; detect the external load coupling stress effect of the optical cable based on the optical cable operation simulation data; determine the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure according to the external load coupling stress effect of the optical cable; monitor the optical cable structure loss evolution characteristic according to the external load coupling stress effect of the optical cable and the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure; The optical cable communication quality abnormal condition determination module is used to evaluate the limited condition of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth according to the optical cable structure loss evolution characteristic; detect the aggravated condition of the optical fiber signal attenuation based on the limited condition of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth; determine the optical cable communication quality abnormal condition according to the limited condition of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth and the aggravated condition of the optical fiber signal attenuation; The optical cable operation fault monitoring module is used to evaluate the optical cable operation abnormal condition according to the optical cable communication quality abnormal condition and the optical cable structure loss evolution characteristic; perform positioning and identification of the optical cable abnormal defect position based on the optical cable operation abnormal condition to obtain optical cable defect position data; perform optical cable operation fault monitoring according to the optical cable defect position data and the optical cable operation abnormal condition to obtain optical cable operation fault data, and upload it to the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform to execute the optical cable early warning task.

[0007] The optical cable intelligent monitoring system based on digital twin of the present invention can implement any optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin of the present invention, and is used as the medium for the operation and signal transmission between each module to complete the optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin. The internal modules of the system cooperate with each other. By accurately obtaining the optical cable design data, simulating the optical cable operation state and real-time monitoring its performance changes, it can identify and locate optical cable defects in advance, realize the intelligent monitoring and early warning of optical cable faults, and effectively ensure the stable operation of the optical cable system. Description of the Drawings

[0008] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the step flow of an optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin; Figure 2 For Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the detailed implementation step flow of step S3 in Figure 3 For Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the detailed implementation step flow of step S4 in The realization, functional characteristics and advantages of the object of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the drawings. Detailed Embodiment

[0009] The technical method of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0010] In addition, the accompanying drawings are only schematic diagrams of the present invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same or similar parts, and thus repeated descriptions thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. The functional entities can be implemented in software form, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and / or processor methods and / or microcontroller methods.

[0011] It should be understood that although terms such as "first" and "second" may be used here to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one unit from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, the first unit can be called the second unit, and similarly the second unit can be called the first unit. The term "and / or" used here includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed associated items.

[0012] To achieve the above object, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , an optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the optical cable line design data; query the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line according to the optical cable line design data; collect the composition material data of the optical cable line according to the optical cable line design data; construct an optical cable operation simulation model based on the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line and the composition material data of the optical cable line; In the embodiments of the present invention, the distribution structure data of the optical cable line is obtained through the optical cable line design drawing. The specific operation is as follows: Use optical cable design software or a relevant database, input the basic design parameters of the optical cable line, such as the optical cable length, laying method, distribution area, etc., and query the detailed data related to the optical cable design. The data includes the optical cable path, the optical cable laying method (underground, overhead, etc.), the routing mark and its relationship with the surrounding environment. Through the query system, the composition material data of the optical cable line is obtained. These data include the outer sheath material of the optical cable, the fiber core material, the strengthening elements (such as steel wires, glass fibers, etc.) and the structural materials. The characteristics of these materials (such as tensile strength, weather resistance, thermal conductivity, etc.) are classified and collected in detail to provide basic data for the construction of the subsequent simulation model. According to the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line and the composition material data of the optical cable line, an optical cable operation simulation model is constructed. Specifically, a virtual optical cable structure model is established through professional simulation software (such as ANSYS, COMSOL, etc.), and the geometric shape, material properties, distribution method, etc. of the optical cable should be accurately represented in the model. This simulation model will be used as the basis for the subsequent simulation of the optical cable operation state. During the model establishment process, the influence of external environmental factors such as temperature change, humidity, wind force, etc. on the optical cable should be fully considered.

[0013] Step S2: Perform optical cable operation simulation based on the optical cable operation simulation model to obtain optical cable operation simulation data; detect the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable based on the optical cable operation simulation data; determine the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure according to the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable; monitor the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss according to the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable and the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure; In the embodiments of the present invention, the constructed optical cable operation simulation model in the first step is used to perform the operation simulation of the optical cable. The specific operation is as follows: Use computer simulation tools (such as MATLAB, Simulink or FEM analysis tools) to simulate the operation state of the optical cable under different external environments. During the simulation process, input real environmental data (such as temperature changes, external forces, geographical features, etc.) and the usage parameters of the optical cable (such as working voltage, signal transmission rate, etc.). The simulation will obtain detailed data on the operation of the optical cable, including dynamic information such as internal and external stresses, deformations, and vibrations of the optical cable. Based on the simulation data, further analyze the coupled stress effect of the external loads on the optical cable. This process calculates the stress distribution of the optical cable under external loads by analyzing the force conditions of the optical cable in the simulation data using structural mechanics analysis methods. These external loads include effects such as wind force, gravity, and thermal expansion caused by temperature changes. The simulation tool can accurately simulate these effects and provide stress data for each part of the optical cable. By further analyzing the stress data of the optical cable, the degree of dynamic degradation of the optical cable structure is obtained. Specifically, according to the stress distribution of the optical cable and combining the mechanical properties of the material, the degradation trend of the optical cable structure in different working cycles is evaluated. For each section of the optical cable, record its stress and deformation degree during the simulation process, and combine aging models (such as fatigue theory, crack propagation model, etc.) to calculate the damage accumulation and aging rate of the optical cable. According to the coupled stress effect of the external loads on the optical cable and the degree of dynamic degradation of the structure, monitor the evolution characteristics of the structural loss of the optical cable. This includes analyzing the wear, crack generation, loosening of strengthening components, etc. of the optical cable during long-term operation, and then deriving the gradual decline characteristics of the overall performance of the optical cable, providing data support for subsequent optical cable maintenance and fault prediction.

[0014] Step S3: Evaluate the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth according to the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structural loss; Detect the aggravated situation of the optical fiber signal attenuation based on the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth; Determine the abnormal situation of the optical cable communication quality according to the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth and the aggravated situation of the optical fiber signal attenuation; In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the structural loss evolution characteristics of the optical cable, the limited situation of the transmission bandwidth of the optical fiber is evaluated. The specific operation is as follows: combining the loss evolution data of the optical cable and using the attenuation model of optical fiber transmission, calculate the transmission capacity of the optical fiber in different operation periods. The bandwidth limitation of the optical fiber is usually caused by reasons such as signal attenuation, noise interference, and mismatch at the optical fiber connection point during the transmission process. Therefore, by obtaining the transmission performance data of the optical cable at different time nodes, evaluate whether the transmission bandwidth of the optical fiber meets the design requirements or has decreased. Based on the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth, detect the situation of increased signal attenuation of the optical fiber. The specific operation is as follows: through sensors or on-line monitoring devices, collect the transmission quality data of the optical fiber signal in real time, including parameters such as signal strength, bit error rate, and time delay. Combining the transmission model, identify the areas with large signal attenuation and detect the trend of signal attenuation of the optical fiber. According to the situation of increased signal attenuation, judge the reasons for the faults or performance degradation existing in the optical fiber, such as loose connections and aging of optical fiber materials. According to the detection results of the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth and the increased optical fiber signal attenuation, further determine the abnormal situation of the optical cable communication quality. At this time, by comprehensively evaluating the transmission quality, attenuation characteristics, and signal integrity of the optical fiber, identify the abnormal communication quality of the optical cable, and then provide a basis for subsequent fault diagnosis and repair measures.

[0015] Step S4: Evaluate the abnormal operation situation of the optical cable according to the abnormal situation of the optical cable communication quality and the structural loss evolution characteristics of the optical cable; locate and identify the abnormal defect position of the optical cable based on the abnormal operation situation of the optical cable to obtain the optical cable defect position data; monitor the operation fault of the optical cable according to the optical cable defect position data and the abnormal operation situation of the optical cable to obtain the optical cable operation fault data, and upload it to the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform to execute the optical cable early warning task.

[0016] In the embodiments of the present invention, the abnormal operating conditions of the optical cable are evaluated according to the abnormal conditions of the optical cable communication quality. The specific operation is as follows: The abnormal communication quality data is analyzed in detail, and combined with information such as the operating parameters and transmission path of the optical cable, to evaluate whether there are abnormal phenomena such as overload, signal loss, and excessive loss during the operation of the optical cable. By comparing the normal operating data with the abnormal data, the cause of the abnormality is further analyzed, and the potential faults or performance degradation trends existing in the optical cable are identified. After confirming that there are abnormal operations in the optical cable, the location identification of the abnormal defects of the optical cable is carried out. The specific operation is as follows: By comprehensively analyzing data such as the operating state, signal attenuation, and external stress of the optical cable, combined with the distribution structure data of the optical cable and the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss, the specific location where the optical cable fails is located. In this process, positioning algorithms such as positioning guidance technology and signal backpropagation method are used to accurately calibrate the defective area of the optical cable. According to the optical cable defect location data and the abnormal operating conditions of the optical cable, the operation failure monitoring of the optical cable is carried out. The specific operation is as follows: Through the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform, the fault data of the optical cable is uploaded in real time, key information such as the fault type, location, and influence range is recorded, and a fault report is generated. The monitoring platform analyzes the collected data and executes the early warning task of the optical cable, and repairs or maintains the fault in real time. This process relies on real-time data transmission, data analysis, and intelligent decision-making technologies based on the cloud platform to ensure that optical cable faults can be discovered and processed in a timely manner.

[0017] Preferably, step S1 includes the following steps: Step S11: Obtain the design data of the optical cable line; In the embodiments of the present invention, the basic design data of the optical cable line is extracted from the optical cable line design system. These data include information such as the laying position, direction, length, type (such as single-mode fiber, multi-mode fiber, etc.), and laying method (such as underground laying, overhead laying, etc.) of the optical cable. The design data is usually obtained through optical cable line design software or management systems, and the relevant systems will record and provide the complete data set generated in the design stage. These data are input according to the actual situation or requirements in the design stage, and are accurately calculated and optimized to ensure the structural safety, signal quality, and long-term stable operation of the optical cable. In practical applications, all the design information of the relevant optical cable line is queried through the database or graphical interface in the system, and the data will be output in a standardized format for subsequent processing and use.

[0018] Step S12: Query the layout information of the optical cable laying line according to the optical cable line design data; In an embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining the optical cable line design data, the layout information of the optical cable laying route is queried next. The specific operation is as follows: According to the optical cable laying information provided in the optical cable line design data, the layout information module in the optical cable line database is called. The layout information includes the laying method of the optical cable (such as straight laying, bending laying, etc.), geographical location, terrain, distribution of surrounding buildings and obstacles, etc. This process is realized by integrating the optical cable design software and the GIS (Geographic Information System) platform. The GIS platform provides the geographical coordinates and distribution structure of the optical cable laying area through accurate map data, providing basic information for subsequent simulation modeling and fault location. During the query process, using the specific coordinates and laying methods recorded in the optical cable line design data, it is automatically associated with the actual map information, and the detailed layout of each optical cable line is queried through the database docking with the Geographic Information System (GIS). At this time, the system will automatically retrieve the corresponding geographical information data according to the laying parameters in the optical cable design, and provide information such as the specific laying path of the optical cable line, all markers in the planned area, underground obstacles, and important equipment along the line.

[0019] Step S13: Identify the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line according to the layout information of the optical cable laying route; In an embodiment of the present invention, based on the layout information of the optical cable laying route, next, the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line are identified according to the layout information. By analyzing the optical cable laying path, the specific distribution structure of the optical cable line is identified. The distribution structure of the optical cable line includes physical characteristics such as the sections of the optical cable, bending radius, intersection points, nodes, etc. These characteristics will determine the stress situation of the optical cable and its stability during long-term use. The specific operation is as follows: Use a structure analysis tool to analyze the layout of the optical cable line, and combine the length of the optical cable and the laying method (such as underground or overhead) to further evaluate whether the optical cable on the line is bent, cornered, crossed, or in an area affected by high temperature and humidity changes at certain positions. Use GIS information and 3D geographical modeling software to restore the actual distribution of the optical cable line in detail, and evaluate the stress state and durability of the optical cable in each area, and draw a distribution structure diagram of the optical cable line.

[0020] Step S14: Collect the composition material data of the optical cable line according to the optical cable line design data; In the embodiments of the present invention, in this step, by querying the composition material information in the optical cable line design data, the composition material data of the optical cable is collected. An optical cable is usually composed of multiple materials, including the optical fiber itself, the outer sheath of the optical cable, strengthening elements (such as steel wires, aluminum alloys, etc.), and filling materials, etc. The characteristics of these materials directly affect the performance, durability, load-bearing capacity, and anti-aging ability of the optical cable. The specific operation is as follows: through the optical cable design data or through a dedicated optical cable material database, detailed information on each optical cable component material is extracted, including the physical properties (such as tensile strength, compressive strength, ductility, heat resistance, etc.) and chemical characteristics of the material. The material information is obtained through professional material databases such as MATWEB or the specification sheets provided by optical cable manufacturers. After data collection, using standard material data formats (such as ANSI, ISO standards, etc.), the optical cable component materials are classified and summarized and stored in a unified database. This database will support subsequent simulation modeling and performance prediction, providing the necessary material information for analyses such as optical cable loss assessment and life prediction.

[0021] Step S15: Based on the composition material data of the optical cable line and the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line, construct an optical cable operation simulation model to obtain the optical cable operation simulation model.

[0022] In the embodiments of the present invention, after obtaining the composition material data and distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line, an optical cable operation simulation model is constructed. This process is based on the data obtained in the previous steps. An optical cable operation simulation model is constructed through simulation software or physical modeling tools. Finite element analysis software (FEM) such as ANSYS and COMSOL is used to model the optical cable. According to the distribution structure characteristics and material properties of the optical cable, the geometric shape, material, stress conditions, etc. of each section of the optical cable are defined. In the simulation model of the optical cable, multiple factors need to be considered, including temperature, humidity, mechanical stress, current load, optical signal propagation, etc. The model needs to simulate various environmental changes and stress effects encountered by the optical cable during actual operation, such as thermal expansion caused by temperature increase and mechanical stress caused by external loads. By modeling these environmental factors, the performance of the optical cable under different working conditions can be accurately predicted. During the simulation process, by inputting the aforementioned data (material properties, distribution structure, environmental factors, etc.), the software will simulate the response of the optical cable during long-term operation and generate corresponding simulation results, such as the stress, strain, and temperature distribution of the optical cable. These data will serve as the basis for subsequent optical cable condition monitoring, fault detection, life prediction, and other applications.

[0023] Preferably, step S15 includes the following steps: Step S151: Determine the hardness data of the external protective layer of the optical cable line according to the composition material data of the optical cable line; In the embodiments of the present invention, the determination of the hardness data of the outer protective layer of the optical cable line is carried out by extracting the detailed properties of the outer materials included in the optical cable design data. The outer protective layer of the optical cable generally uses materials such as polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or metal sheaths. The hardness of these materials directly affects the voltage resistance ability of the optical cable and its resistance to environmental factors. The material type and standardized hardness information of the outer protective layer are extracted from the optical cable composition material data. The determination of hardness is carried out by standard hardness test methods, such as Shore hardness or Rockwell hardness test. The specific operation is as follows: Use a hardness tester to test the material sample, and record the actual hardness value of the outer protective layer of the optical cable according to the reading of the hardness tester. During the test, ensure that the sample is tested in different directions and at multiple points to obtain more accurate hardness data. The hardness data, as an important basis for the force and durability analysis of the optical cable, directly affects the reliability assessment of the optical cable.

[0024] Step S152: Evaluate the stability of the optical cable structure protective layer based on the hardness data of the outer protective layer of the optical cable line exceeding 65; In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the hardness data of the outer protective layer of the optical cable obtained in the previous step, when the hardness data exceeds 65, the stability of the optical cable structure protective layer is evaluated. A hardness exceeding 65 means that the outer protective layer has strong compressive and impact resistance capabilities, better protecting the internal structure of the optical cable from physical damage. Therefore, it is necessary to further evaluate the overall structural protective layer stability of the optical cable to determine its reliability during long-term use. The specific operation is to analyze the stability of the optical cable protective layer according to the hardness data, combined with the optical cable design parameters and material characteristics, using mechanical models or engineering databases. This analysis takes into account factors such as the fatigue performance, corrosion resistance, and aging rate of the material, and uses calculation methods to deduce the wear and failure behavior of the protective layer of the optical cable under different environmental conditions. Through the simulation of multiple environmental factors (such as temperature changes, mechanical impacts, humidity changes, etc.), the durability and safety of the outer protective layer are comprehensively evaluated.

[0025] Step S153: Determine the internal signal conduction ability of the optical cable according to the optical cable line composition material data; In the embodiments of the present invention, by extracting the material data of the optical cable components, the internal signal conduction ability of the optical cable is calculated. The signal conduction ability of the optical cable is closely related to the optical fiber material inside it. Usually, single-mode optical fibers or multi-mode optical fibers are used as the transmission medium, and its conduction ability is related to factors such as the refractive index of the optical fiber, the core diameter, and the cladding material. The information of the optical fiber type (single-mode, multi-mode), the optical fiber structure (such as the core diameter, the cladding thickness, etc.), and the optical fiber material (such as silicon, fluoride, etc.) provided in the optical cable design data is input into the signal conduction ability calculation model. According to the physical parameters of the optical fiber, by calculating performance indicators such as the signal attenuation, transmission speed, and bandwidth of the optical fiber, the internal signal conduction ability of the optical cable is obtained. The calculation process of the signal conduction ability usually adopts an optical transmission model, combines the refractive index and loss characteristics of the optical fiber material, determines the attenuation coefficient of the signal, and thus estimates the maximum transmission ability and transmission distance of the optical cable. Finally, a percentage value of the internal signal conduction ability of the optical cable is obtained for subsequent performance evaluation and simulation modeling.

[0026] Step S154: Analyze the transmission structure performance parameters of the optical cable based on the internal signal conduction ability of the optical cable exceeding 60% and the stability of the optical cable structure protective layer; In the embodiments of the present invention, combining the internal signal conduction ability of the optical cable obtained in step S153 and the stability of the optical cable structure protective layer evaluated in step S152, the analysis of the transmission structure performance parameters of the optical cable is carried out. When the signal conduction ability of the optical cable exceeds 60%, it indicates that the optical cable has a high efficiency in transmitting signals and can meet the high-speed transmission requirements; while the stability of the optical cable structure protective layer determines the stability of the optical cable under external environmental changes. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider these two parameters to analyze the comprehensive performance of the optical cable in practical applications. During the operation process, for the optical cable with a signal conduction ability exceeding 60%, combining the stability evaluation results, a transmission performance analysis tool is used to comprehensively evaluate the key performance such as the signal transmission loss, transmission bandwidth, and time delay of the optical cable. This evaluation is realized through optical fiber transmission simulation software (such as OptiSystem), simulates the transmission performance of the optical cable under various working conditions, including factors such as signal attenuation, delay, and distortion, and predicts the environmental adaptability and long-term stability according to the stability of the protective layer of the optical cable structure to determine the transmission structure performance parameters of the optical cable.

[0027] Step S155: Collect the external operating environment of the optical cable line based on the structural characteristics of the optical cable line distribution; In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the characteristics of the optical cable line distribution structure obtained in the foregoing steps, the external operating environment data of the optical cable line is collected. The external operating environment data of the optical cable includes factors such as temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference, and external mechanical load, which directly affect the operating state of the optical cable. By deploying environmental monitoring sensors (such as temperature and humidity sensors, current sensors, etc.) at positions along the optical cable line, relevant environmental data is collected in real time. In addition, through the GIS system, geographical and climatic information of the area where the optical cable is located is obtained, including data such as temperature changes, precipitation, and wind speed. These data will further help determine the stability of the optical cable under different environmental conditions. The environmental monitoring sensors should collect data regularly and transmit the data to the optical cable monitoring platform in real time for analysis.

[0028] Step S156: According to the characteristics of the optical cable line distribution structure, count the buried depth data of the optical cable line; In the embodiments of the present invention, according to the characteristics of the optical cable line distribution structure, the buried depth data of the optical cable is counted. The buried depth is a very critical parameter in the operation of the optical cable, which affects the adaptability of the optical cable to the external environment. The statistical work of the buried depth of the optical cable is carried out by analyzing the geographical layout data of the optical cable line, combining with the GIS system and the underground pipeline network information to determine the buried depth of each section of the optical cable. In the specific operation process, using the known optical cable laying path and combining with the terrain data, the buried depth of the optical cable along the line section is calculated, and a statistical chart of the buried depth is generated. This process can clearly show the buried depth of the optical cable in different sections, providing data support for subsequent environmental analysis and stability assessment.

[0029] Step S157: When the external operating environment of the optical cable line and the buried depth data of the optical cable line exceed 1.2 m, evaluate the complexity of the optical cable installation environment; In the embodiments of the present invention, when the buried depth of the optical cable exceeds 1.2 m, it is necessary to evaluate the complexity of the optical cable installation environment according to the external operating environment data and the buried depth data. The optical cable with a larger buried depth is usually underground and is affected by factors such as soil type, groundwater level, and construction conditions. During this process, the optical cable lines with a buried depth exceeding 1.2 m are classified, and combined with the environmental monitoring data, an environmental complexity evaluation model is used for analysis. This evaluation model takes into account factors such as soil characteristics, humidity, and temperature, comprehensively evaluates the external interference and changes suffered by the optical cable, and calculates the environmental complexity value of the optical cable. This value reflects the severity of the environment where the optical cable is located, providing a basis for subsequent optical cable operation simulation.

[0030] Step S158: Use the complexity of the optical cable installation environment and the optical cable transmission structure performance parameters to construct an optical cable operation simulation model to obtain the optical cable operation simulation model.

[0031] In the embodiments of the present invention, a cable operation simulation model is constructed by combining the complexity of the cable installation environment obtained in step S157 and the cable transmission structure performance parameters obtained in step S154. The environmental complexity and transmission performance parameters of the cable are input into a simulation platform (such as ANSYS, COMSOL, etc.) to establish a complete cable operation simulation model. In the model, considering factors such as environmental changes, cable material characteristics, and signal conduction capabilities, the operation states of the cable in different environments are simulated, including signal attenuation, temperature changes, mechanical stress, etc. Through simulation, a cable operation simulation model is obtained, which predicts the state changes of the cable during long-term operation and provides data support for subsequent fault diagnosis, maintenance warning, etc.

[0032] Preferably, the detection of the coupling stress effect of the external load on the cable in step S2 includes: Determining the growth trend of the ground surface pressure gradient based on the cable operation simulation data; In the embodiments of the present invention, the pressure changes on the ground surface are predicted through simulation. Based on the layout position of the cable line, geological environment characteristics, and surrounding load information, relevant basic data are collected and sorted. The physical parameters of the soil around the cable line (such as soil density, humidity, type) and the model and material of the cable are important information input into the simulation model. A cable operation simulation system is used, which can simulate the working state of the cable under different loads and its impact on the surrounding soil in real time. During the simulation process, numerical simulation methods are adopted, and based on mechanical principles (such as elasticity and plasticity) and soil dynamics, the pressure changes on the ground surface are deduced. As time goes by, the simulation model outputs data of the pressure gradient, which reflects the changing trend of the force on the ground surface in different regions. These simulation results help to understand the relationship between the ground load and the cable force and provide necessary input data for the subsequent steps.

[0033] Monitoring the local compression condition of the ground surface soil according to the growth trend of the ground surface pressure gradient; In the embodiments of the present invention, the obtained growth trend of the ground surface pressure gradient provides a key basis for monitoring soil compression. By analyzing the pressure gradient data, the pressure concentration in each region is determined, and then the local compression condition of the soil is analyzed. To accurately detect the local compression condition, a set of soil mechanics parameters need to be introduced, such as the compression modulus, porosity, humidity, and friction coefficient of the soil. By using soil compression sensors and stress sensors, the changes in the compressed areas in the soil are monitored in real time. During the data analysis stage, the measured pressure is compared with the theoretical pressure distribution to calculate the local compression condition of the soil. The degree of compression reflects the changes in the soil structure under the action of the cable force, especially in the soil area around the cable. This information provides a basis for calculating the porosity change and vibration conduction ability of the soil above the cable in the subsequent steps.

[0034] Determine the degree of reduction in the porosity of the soil above the optical cable based on the local compression condition of the surface soil layer and the growth trend of the surface soil layer pressure gradient; In the embodiments of the present invention, the local compression data of the surface soil layer obtained is combined with the growth trend of the surface soil layer pressure gradient to evaluate the degree of reduction in the porosity of the soil above the optical cable. The porosity of the soil reflects the looseness of its structure. Generally, after the soil is subjected to external forces, the porosity will decrease. By introducing factors such as the particle size distribution, humidity, and temperature of the soil, the change in porosity is further deduced. Specifically, according to the soil compression situation (such as the reduction in porosity), using classical soil mechanics formulas and combining with pressure gradient data, the degree of change in soil porosity is derived. In this process, a series of soil physical models (such as the Terzaghi model, Matsuoka model, etc.) are used to calculate the compaction process. These models can quantify the change in the porosity of the surface soil layer and provide a basis for the subsequent calculation of the soil vibration conduction ability.

[0035] Calculate the growth of the soil vibration conduction ability according to the degree of reduction in the porosity of the soil above the optical cable; In the embodiments of the present invention, the degree of reduction in the porosity of the soil above the optical cable is obtained, and this data is crucial for calculating the soil vibration conduction ability. The reduction in soil porosity means an increase in soil density, which usually leads to an enhancement of the soil vibration conduction ability. Based on this, through the soil dynamics model, combining the relationship between the vibration wave velocity and soil density, the growth of the soil vibration conduction ability is calculated. Specifically, when implementing, by combining experimental data and existing vibration conduction models (such as the Boussinesq formula or seismic wave propagation theory), taking the change in soil porosity as the input, the soil vibration propagation characteristics are calculated. In this calculation process, it is important to consider parameters such as the elastic modulus and shear wave velocity of the soil, which directly affect the vibration conduction ability, and obtain the data of the increase in the soil vibration conduction ability to provide data support for the subsequent force analysis of the optical cable.

[0036] Detect the growth degree of the mechanical action on the upper surface of the optical cable according to the growth of the soil vibration conduction ability and the local compression condition of the surface soil layer; In the embodiments of the present invention, the growth of the soil vibration conduction ability and the obtained local compression condition of the surface soil are used to further analyze the mechanical action on the upper surface of the optical cable. The mechanical action on the upper surface of the optical cable mainly includes stress and deformation caused by changes in the ground soil (such as compression and vibration). During specific operation, through the mechanical model of the optical cable (for example, using elastic theory or finite element analysis method), combined with the vibration conduction ability and compression condition of the soil, the mechanical action on the upper surface of the optical cable is calculated. The structural and material parameters of the optical cable (such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, etc.) need to be used as input data to accurately calculate the force exerted by the soil on the optical cable. This process can quantify the increase in the stress on the upper surface of the optical cable and analyze its potential impact on the structure of the optical cable.

[0037] Predict the insufficient soil support condition on the lower surface of the optical cable based on the growth degree of the mechanical action on the upper surface of the optical cable; In the embodiments of the present invention, the growth of the mechanical action on the upper surface of the optical cable calculated is combined with the soil support ability model to predict the insufficient soil support on the lower surface of the optical cable. When the pressure on the upper surface increases, it usually means that the soil on the lower surface of the optical cable is not sufficiently supported, especially in the case of dense soil or large forces. During the implementation process, mechanical analysis methods (such as geomechanics analysis, foundation settlement analysis, etc.) are used, combined with the soil support strength on the lower surface of the optical cable (determined by the shear strength and elastic modulus of the soil), to calculate the trend of insufficient support. By simulating the stress distribution under different soil support conditions, the insufficient support area on the lower surface of the optical cable is obtained.

[0038] Predict the uneven settlement trend of the soil supporting the optical cable based on the insufficient soil support condition on the lower surface of the optical cable; In the embodiments of the present invention, the insufficient soil support condition on the lower surface of the optical cable obtained is further used to predict the uneven settlement of the soil supporting the optical cable. Uneven settlement of the soil will cause vertical or horizontal deformation of the optical cable, seriously affecting the working state and lifespan of the optical cable. To evaluate this risk, it is necessary to consider the settlement characteristics of different soil layers and the structural stiffness of the optical cable itself. Through settlement analysis models (such as soil compaction models and settlement calculation models), combined with the soil non-uniformity and the stress condition of the optical cable, the settlement trend of the soil supporting the optical cable is predicted. Data such as the settlement distribution and settlement rate of the soil are gradually updated to monitor the change trend of the soil after being stressed.

[0039] Detect the coupling stress effect of the external load on the optical cable based on the uneven settlement trend of the soil supporting the optical cable and the growth degree of the mechanical action on the upper surface of the optical cable.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present invention, the detection of the coupled stress effect of the external load on the optical cable is carried out by combining the uneven settlement trend of the soil supporting the optical cable and the growth data of the mechanical action on the upper surface of the optical cable. This process requires a comprehensive analysis of the external load, soil settlement, and stress conditions on the optical cable through the overall mechanical model of the optical cable. Using comprehensive mechanical models (such as multi-body dynamics analysis, optical cable-soil coupling model, etc.), by coupling the relationship between soil deformation and optical cable stress, the stress effect occurring during the long-term use of the optical cable is calculated. This analysis can provide detailed early warnings and risk assessments for the structural health monitoring of the optical cable, ensuring the stable operation of the optical cable system.

[0041] Preferably, the determination of the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure in step S2 includes: According to the coupled stress effect of the external load on the optical cable, the growth trend of the bearing pressure of the optical cable structure is detected; In the embodiments of the present invention, in the digital twin environment, a virtual simulation object corresponding to the actual optical cable is constructed, and a finite element analysis tool is used to perform dynamic modeling on the external load on the optical cable. The micro-strain data collected in real time by the distributed optical fiber sensors arranged at multiple points on the surface of the optical cable is input into the simulation environment. Combining the position of the load application point, the direction and magnitude of the load, the local stress distribution of the optical cable is calculated through the stress-strain relationship formula (σ = E×ε, where E is the material elastic modulus and ε is the strain). By comparing the historical stress data at each time period (such as with a time resolution of 5 minutes), based on the differential analysis method (Δσ = σ_t - σ_(t-Δt)), the growth trend curve of the bearing pressure of the optical cable structure is extracted. The curve data is stored in the database in the form of the pressure value (unit: MPa) changing with time, and is further quantified using the pressure change rate (unit: MPa / h) as the basic data for subsequent fatigue assessment and bending structure analysis. The output is a set of curve data of the bearing pressure growth trend of the overall and local regions of the optical cable, including the time stamp, node position, current pressure value, and pressure change rate. All data is processed by the edge computing unit and synchronized to the cloud twin platform.

[0042] When the growth trend of the bearing pressure of the optical cable structure exceeds 0.5 MPa, the fatigue degree of the straight-line structure of the optical cable is evaluated; In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the obtained data set of the growth trend curve of the optical cable bearing pressure, the sections in the straight section area of the optical cable (identified through the optical cable laying drawing and position information) where the pressure growth exceeds 0.5 MPa are screened out. The specific screening operation uses a data analysis engine (such as TimescaleDB combined with SQL triggers) to execute a threshold detection script. When it is detected that the cumulative value of Δσ at any time point in a certain section is greater than 0.5 MPa, this area is marked to enter the fatigue assessment stage. During the fatigue degree assessment process, the Goodman diagram method is used to deduce the fatigue limit of the optical cable straight structure material. The S-N curve (stress-life curve) of the optical cable sheath and the central strengthening core material is determined through previous material performance tests. Combining the actual stress amplitude and the number of cycles, the cumulative fatigue damage degree is calculated using the Miner's Rule of the mine cumulative damage theory. : Among them, is the actually experienced number of cycles, is the number of life cycles at this stress level. The fatigue degree is expressed by the value of the damage degree , and the range is from 0 to 1. The output fatigue degree data includes the position identifier, the cumulative damage degree value and the corresponding timestamp, which are used as the input basis for the subsequent evaluation of the tensile strength attenuation.

[0043] Based on the fatigue degree of the optical cable straight structure, evaluate the attenuation status of the tensile strength of the optical cable straight structure; In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the obtained fatigue degree data of the optical cable straight structure, further evaluate the attenuation status of the tensile strength of the straight structure. Determine the empirical relationship between the fatigue damage degree D and the tensile strength reduction rate according to the results of the material fatigue test (obtained through regression analysis by laboratory fatigue tests. For example, the tensile strength reduction rate = initial tensile strength × (1 - αD), where α is an experimental fitting parameter, generally taking 0.75 - 0.85). Based on this relationship, calculate the remaining tensile strength for each fatigue section according to the corresponding D value. For example, when D = 0.3 and α = 0.8, the tensile strength reduction rate is 24%, and the remaining tensile strength is 76% of the initial tensile strength. All calculations are executed by an embedded computing engine in the edge computing unit, and the results include the node number, the remaining tensile strength value (unit: MPa), and the reduction rate. The above remaining tensile strength data forms the tensile performance degradation table of the straight structure.

[0044] Based on the growth trend detection of the optical cable structure bearing pressure, detect the situation of excessive bearing pressure on the inner side of the bending structure; In the embodiments of the present invention, for the data of the bearing pressure growth trend curve, in combination with the marked bending structure segments in the optical cable laying path (calibrated according to the construction drawings and construction BIM data), the situations where local pressure increases significantly in the inner bending side area are screened out. The specific operation is as follows: In the three-dimensional simulation environment, the position information of each node in the virtual twin of the optical cable is associated with the pressure data, the pressure change of all nodes located in the area with a bending radius less than 50 cm is extracted, the pressure difference between the initial no-load state and the current load state of the nodes is compared, the maximum pressure point on the inner bending side is calculated. If the pressure difference exceeds the set threshold (taking the initial value of the design standard as the benchmark, such as 20 kPa initially and >3.5 MPa currently), it is marked that there is a phenomenon of excessive inner side bearing pressure in this area. The detection method is based on the pressure data multi-threshold scanning technology, and the over-standard points and their surrounding neighborhoods are gradually extracted. The detection output includes the bending section number, the maximum detection pressure value, the position coordinates of the over-standard points, and the timestamp.

[0045] When the excessive bearing pressure on the inner side of the bending structure exceeds 3.5 MPa, detect the cumulative degree of the inner side stress of the bending structure; In the embodiments of the present invention, in the bending structure segments with the phenomenon of excessive inner side bearing pressure screened out, the cumulative degree of the inner side stress is further detected. The local grid refinement technology (Sub-Grid Refinement) is used to subdivide the inner bending side into 0.5 cm² grids in the virtual twin simulation, and the stress growth history curves in each grid unit are respectively counted. The integral method is used to calculate the stress accumulation amount, that is, the change curve of the pressure with time in each grid unit is integrated to obtain the stress accumulation value per unit area (unit: MPa·h). Further, the cumulative values of the local grids are weighted and averaged in the bending area to obtain the stress accumulation degree value of the overall inner bending structure. Taking the cumulative stress amount (for example, 100 MPa·h as the degradation threshold) to determine whether the bending structure enters the high-risk degradation state. The output results include the bending section number, the cumulative stress value, the grid distribution map, and the identification of the abnormally high cumulative area, which are used for the subsequent comprehensive evaluation of the overall dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable.

[0046] Determine the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure by using the tensile strength attenuation condition of the straight structure of the optical cable and the cumulative degree of the inner side stress of the bending structure.

[0047] In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the remaining data of the tensile strength of the straight structure of the optical cable obtained comprehensively and the cumulative stress data on the inner side of the bending structure obtained in step S25, the overall dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable is evaluated based on a weighted fusion algorithm (such as the entropy weight method). The tensile strength reduction rate (percentage of reduction) of the straight structure and the cumulative stress value of the bending structure are respectively normalized to form degradation indicators with a consistent dimension of 0-1. Then, according to the regional importance weights set in the twin system (for example, the weight of the main optical cable segment is higher than that of the branch optical cable segment), the dynamic degradation index of each region is comprehensively calculated to output a data table of the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure, including the number, dynamic degradation index value (between 0 and 1), corresponding timestamp, and regional identifier of each section of the optical cable, and different degradation degree regions are visually displayed on the digital twin platform with color gradients (such as green → yellow → red).

[0048] Preferably, the monitoring of the local fracture trend of the optical cable structure in step S2 includes: Measuring the displacement degree of the optical cable structure according to the coupling stress effect of the external load on the optical cable; In the embodiments of the present invention, using the distributed fiber optic strain measurement technology (Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, abbreviated as DFOS), by arranging Brillouin scattering sensing units at uniform intervals along the length of the optical cable, the axial stress distribution data on the surface and inside of the optical cable are collected in real time. Based on the linear relationship between the Brillouin frequency shift and the local strain, by solving the frequency shift of each sensing unit, the local axial displacement change value of each section of the optical cable under the action of the load is obtained, with the unit of micrometer (μm). To ensure the measurement accuracy of the displacement data, the frequency sampling resolution is set to 0.01 MHz, the corresponding strain measurement accuracy is better than ±10 με, and the stress-strain conversion is carried out in combination with the known Young's modulus parameter of the optical cable material (such as 72 GPa), so as to obtain the displacement degree data set D1 = [d1, d2, d3,..., dn] of the optical cable structure at each position, where di is the displacement amount at the i-th position.

[0049] Measuring the compression deformation condition of the optical cable structure according to the displacement degree of the optical cable structure; In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the obtained displacement degree data set, the displacement difference Δdi of each section of optical cable between two fixed-end supports is selected, and the axial contraction ratio εi = Δdi / L per unit length (such as 1 m) is calculated, where L is the original length. By comparing with the baseline displacement record in the original unloaded state, using a high-precision laser rangefinder (laser frequency stabilized within the range of ±0.1 ppm) to compare with the measured displacement, after calibrating the system measurement error, the true compression deformation rate εi of each position of the optical cable structure is obtained, and a compression deformation data set D2 = [ε1, ε2, ε3,..., εn] is formed. To exclude the influence of thermal expansion caused by the ambient temperature, an additional built-in temperature sensing unit of the optical cable is introduced to measure the ambient temperature in real time, and thermal expansion correction processing is carried out using the thermal expansion coefficient of the optical cable (generally on the order of 10^-6 / °C) to ensure that the compression deformation data truly reflects the stress deformation condition of the optical cable.

[0050] Detect the stress-strain state of the optical cable structure based on the displacement degree of the optical cable structure and the compression deformation condition of the optical cable structure; In the embodiments of the present invention, by combining the displacement degree data set and the compression deformation data set, using the static mechanics derivation method, according to Hooke's law (σ = E×ε, where E is Young's modulus), the stress value σi = E×εi of each section of the optical cable is calculated point by point. At the same time, according to the distribution of the displacement degree di, the deformation continuity of each section of the optical cable is evaluated, and the displacement gradient area with a locally abnormally increased value is identified. Through the data pair of stress σi and strain εi, the stress-strain curve of the local part of the optical cable structure is drawn, and the change characteristics of the curve slope are analyzed. If the slope drops significantly (the drop amplitude exceeds 20%), it is determined that material yield or microdamage has occurred in this section of the optical cable, and a stress-strain state data set D3 = [(σ1, ε1), (σ2, ε2),..., (σn, εn)] of the optical cable structure is formed, providing a basis for subsequent analysis of the change in the texture direction.

[0051] Identify the change condition of the texture direction of the optical cable structure based on the stress-strain state of the optical cable structure and the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure; In the embodiments of the present invention, the obtained stress-strain state data set is combined and analyzed with the optical cable structure dynamic degradation degree parameter (denoted as DT) generated in the previous steps. Specifically, a high-resolution structured light three-dimensional scanner (resolution better than 10 μm) is used to image the microscopic texture on the surface of the optical cable. Based on the principle of preferentially scanning the stress concentration area, the original texture distribution in the static unloaded state is compared, and the Fourier transform analysis technology is used to extract the change in the angular distribution of the texture direction. If it is detected that the local texture direction deviation angle exceeds 15°, and at the same time the slope of the stress-strain curve in the corresponding area drops by more than 25%, it is determined that microstructural tissue rearrangement has occurred in this area, and a texture direction change data set D4 = [θ1, θ2, θ3,..., θn] is recorded, where θi is the texture direction deviation angle of the i-th section of the optical cable.

[0052] Analyze the degree of reduction in the fracture toughness of the optical cable structure material according to the change in the texture direction of the optical cable structure; In the embodiment of the present invention, according to the formed texture direction change data set, combined with the microstructural characteristics of the optical cable material (such as the fiber orientation characteristic parameters of PE, PP or composite materials), a standardized microcrack propagation energy evaluation method is adopted. Use a pulsed ultrasonic non-destructive testing system (center frequency 5 MHz, bandwidth 1 MHz) to apply pulsed shock waves in the area with obvious texture changes, and measure the propagation delay and attenuation coefficient change of the sound wave in the local material. Based on the ultrasonic energy absorption rate (which is directly related to the number and direction change of microcracks), quantitatively calculate the proportion of local fracture toughness decrease. If the ultrasonic energy absorption rate increases by more than 15%, it is determined that the degree of local fracture toughness reduction is high, and a data set D5 = [R1, R2, R3,..., Rn] of the degree of reduction in the fracture toughness of the optical cable material is generated, where Ri represents the percentage of toughness decrease in the i-th section.

[0053] Predict the crack propagation path of the optical cable structure based on the degree of reduction in the fracture toughness of the optical cable structure material and the change in the texture direction of the optical cable structure; In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the data of the degree of reduction in material fracture toughness and the data of texture direction change, a fracture prediction method based on the analysis of the stress concentration factor (SCF) is adopted. Combine the local toughness decrease of each section with the texture offset angle, set the crack prone direction (i.e., within ±5° of the texture offset direction), and deduce the crack propagation trajectory along the path of the lowest local toughness decrease. Use the finite element stress field reconstruction method (element mesh division accuracy 0.5 mm) to reconstruct the stress distribution map of the local area of the optical cable in the twin simulation environment, extract the maximum principal stress direction, and superimpose the texture offset direction correction to obtain the optical cable crack propagation path data set D6 = [P1, P2, P3,..., Pn], where Pi is the three-dimensional coordinate path point set from the i-th crack starting point to the expansion end point.

[0054] Predict the local fracture trend of the optical cable structure based on the crack propagation path of the optical cable structure and the degree of dynamic degradation of the optical cable structure; In the embodiment of the present invention, by using the obtained crack propagation path data set D6 and the dynamic degradation degree DT parameter determined in the previous steps, the local stress-strain accumulation rate in the crack starting region is comprehensively analyzed. The time-series load acceleration accumulation algorithm (with a sampling period of 5 minutes) is used to dynamically deduce the growth rate of the stress intensity factor (K value) at the crack tip. If the rate increase when the detected K value exceeds the critical fracture toughness value of the material (such as 20 MPa·m^0.5) is more than 5% / h, it is determined that there is a local fracture trend in this region. At the same time, combined with the fatigue limit parameter of the optical cable material, the time required for the crack to reach the critical size under a given number of load cycles is calculated and the local fracture trend data set D7 = [T1, T2, T3,..., Tn] of the optical cable is output, where Ti represents the time (unit: hour) when the i-th section of the optical cable is expected to reach the fracture state.

[0055] Monitor the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss according to the local fracture trend of the optical cable structure and the crack propagation path of the optical cable structure.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the output local fracture trend data and the output crack propagation path data, combined with the optical cable load condition data (such as tension, temperature, environmental vibration, etc.) updated in real time in the digital twin environment, an evolution curve of the local energy loss of the optical cable is established. Specifically, a low-frequency vibration energy sensor (frequency response 0.1 Hz~500 Hz) built into the optical cable is used to capture the change in local micro-vibration energy, and the energy dissipation rate in the crack region is statistically analyzed. If the vibration energy dissipation rate shows an abnormal increase (such as an increase exceeding 30%), it is determined as the acceleration stage of the loss evolution characteristic. The optical cable loss evolution characteristic data set D8 = [L1, L2, L3,..., Ln] is output by the time series analysis method, where Li represents the local unit length loss growth rate of the i-th section of the optical cable (unit: mJ / h·m).

[0057] Preferably, step S3 includes the following steps: Step S31: Evaluate the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth according to the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss; In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the initial structural loss characteristics of the optical cable recorded in the digital twin platform, an optical time domain reflectometer is used to perform real-time detection of the optical cable structure, and the echo curve is collected by setting the standard communication wavelength. The detection process is implemented in a multi-point segmented manner, and the optical cable is scanned section by section at fixed intervals within the full length of the optical cable to obtain the return loss data of each section of the optical fiber. For each section of the detection result, the cumulative difference algorithm is used to calculate the actual loss increment, and it is compared one by one with the initial standard characteristics to form a set of loss change data for each section of the optical fiber. Based on this set, by selecting the bandwidth decreasing extrapolation formula defined in the international communication standard, the actual loss increment of each section is input, and combined with the initial effective bandwidth, the current effective transmission bandwidth of each section is deduced. Thus, a set of bandwidth evaluation result data for each detection section is formed, and further based on the set performance requirement benchmark, it is determined whether there is a bandwidth limitation phenomenon in each section of the optical fiber, and the limited bandwidth situation matrix is output as the basic data support for signal quality detection in the subsequent steps.

[0058] Step S32: Detect the aggravated attenuation condition of the optical fiber signal based on the bandwidth limitation condition of the optical fiber transmission; In the embodiments of the present invention, according to the limited bandwidth situation matrix formed in step S31, the optical cable sections with obvious bandwidth limitation are selected. For these sections, a continuous wave signal injection system is used for on-site detection. A continuous wave signal is input into the optical cable at a fixed transmission power, and the signal power is synchronously collected at the receiving end at the same time. During the detection process, data is recorded at a stable time interval, and the real-time received power and the initial reference power of each detection section are collected respectively, and the attenuation increment per unit distance is calculated based on the difference between the two. Subsequently, the actual attenuation increment of each detection section is compared section by section with the normal attenuation reference value specified in the optical fiber manufacturing standard. If the actual attenuation increment of a certain section exceeds the proportional threshold set by the standard reference value, then this section is marked as the section where the optical fiber signal attenuation is aggravated. After the detection is completed, a table for marking the aggravated attenuation of the optical fiber signal is formed, which details the actual attenuation situation of each section and whether there is an aggravated phenomenon, and is used to support the subsequent transmission capacity evaluation.

[0059] Step S33: Determine the shortened transmission distance of the optical fiber signal by using the aggravated attenuation condition of the optical fiber signal and the bandwidth limitation condition of the optical fiber transmission; In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the restricted bandwidth situation matrix formed in step S31 and the optical fiber signal attenuation exacerbation mark table formed in step S32, the measurement of the effective transmission distance of the optical fiber signal is carried out. Based on the fixed transmission power and the actual attenuation increment of each section obtained by on-site detection, the current effective transmission limit distance of each section of optical fiber is deduced using the link budget calculation formula. Subsequently, the effective transmission distance is compared with the standard transmission distance of the optical fiber specified in the initial design section by section, and the transmission distance shortening amount of each section of optical cable is calculated. For the section where the transmission distance shortening amount exceeds the preset threshold, its deviation degree is further recorded, and the specific deviation category is marked to form the optical fiber signal transmission distance shortening situation data table, providing a quantitative basis for subsequent determination of abnormal communication quality conditions.

[0060] Step S34: Determine the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality according to the optical fiber signal transmission distance shortening situation and the optical fiber signal attenuation exacerbation condition.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the optical fiber signal attenuation exacerbation mark table obtained in step S32 and the optical fiber signal transmission distance shortening situation data table obtained in step S33, the optical cable communication quality is comprehensively evaluated. Specifically, according to the preset abnormal determination standard, when it is detected that the actual attenuation increment of a certain section of optical cable is significantly higher than the normal reference standard and the duration exceeds the specified detection period, or it is detected that the effective transmission distance is significantly shorter than the initial design distance and the shortening amplitude exceeds the preset ratio, then this section of optical cable is determined as an abnormal communication quality section. During the evaluation process, the index comparison and determination are carried out for each detection section respectively. If multiple abnormal standards are met at the same time, it is marked as a composite abnormal section in the abnormal condition record to generate the optical cable communication quality abnormal section table, recording the start and end positions, abnormal types and corresponding specific indexes of each section of abnormal situation for real-time display on the digital twin platform and subsequent system processing calls.

[0062] Preferably, step S31 includes the following steps: Step S311: Detect the change condition of the internal geometric shape of the optical cable according to the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss; In the embodiments of the present invention, based on a pre-established digital twin optical cable standard structure file, which records the internal geometric structure characteristic data of newly manufactured optical cables under standard temperature, humidity, and load conditions, including indicators such as core wire arrangement, cladding thickness, and sheath integrity. The optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) and the distributed fiber optic sensing system (DTS) are used as the main detection tools. Detection segments are established at fixed intervals on the optical cable to be detected, and the echo characteristic data is excited and recorded through the standard communication wavelength. During the detection process, for each detection segment, the fiber optic echo curve is obtained, and combined with multi-frequency excitation and phase interference analysis, the micro-displacement and geometric deformation signals are extracted. According to the changes in echo time delay, reflection intensity, and the offset of the scattered energy distribution, the radial deformation amount, axial tensile amount, and lateral displacement amount inside the optical cable are calculated. The deformation parameters obtained from the detection are compared one by one with the standard form data recorded in the digital twin platform to establish a geometric form change mapping table, which records the specific deformation conditions of each detection segment, including the deformation amplitude, position distribution, and evolution trend, as the input basis for subsequent uniformity attenuation monitoring.

[0063] Step S312: Monitor the uniformity attenuation of the internal structure of the optical cable based on the changes in the internal geometric form of the optical cable; In the embodiments of the present invention, taking the geometric form change mapping table formed in step S311 as the basic data, a distributed Brillouin scattering analysis system (BOTDA) is used to perform high-precision distributed strain detection on the optical cable. During the detection process, a low-power pulse signal is used to excite the acousto-optic interaction inside the optical fiber, and the scattered frequency shift signal is collected in real time to analyze the micro-strain distribution of each detection segment. Specifically, during the operation, the mean value and variance of the acousto-optic scattered frequency shift are calculated for each detection segment to quantify the stress concentration and relaxation degree of the internal microstructure of the detection segment. According to the changes in the acousto-optic scattering characteristics, the micro-crack propagation, local microstructure damage, and strain concentration regions inside the optical fiber material are calculated. The detection data is compared with the standard uniformity characteristic data recorded in the digital twin platform, and the uniformity attenuation degree of each detection segment is statistically analyzed to form a uniformity attenuation table of the internal structure of the optical cable, providing structural basic data for subsequent scattering loss evaluation.

[0064] Step S313: Statistically analyze the scattering loss status of the optical signal propagation based on the uniformity attenuation of the internal structure of the optical cable; In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the uniformity attenuation table of the internal structure of the optical cable generated in step S312, a Raman scattering spectrum detection system is used, combined with a stable laser source and a high-sensitivity spectrum analyzer, to quantitatively collect the scattering energy of the optical signals in each detection section. By setting a fixed incident power, the intensity distribution of the backward Raman scattering signal is collected in each detection section, and the scattering spectrum characteristics in different wavelength ranges are recorded in real time. For the detection results of each section, the increment between the actual scattering energy density and the initial standard scattering energy density is calculated, and the scattering loss growth of the optical signal in the corresponding section is deduced by integrating the scattering energy change curve. The detection data and the uniformity attenuation data are jointly analyzed to establish a scattering loss mapping table, and the energy loss situation caused by the uneven internal structure during the propagation of the optical signal in each detection section is clarified to form a data table of the scattering loss of the optical signal propagation, which is used as the input for subsequent absorption loss evaluation and total signal loss integration.

[0065] Step S314: Estimate the aging condition of the internal materials of the optical cable according to the evolution characteristics of the cable structure loss; In the embodiment of the present invention, by comprehensively using the geometric shape change mapping table obtained in step S311 and the uniformity attenuation table formed in step S312, combined with the material aging characteristic database, an infrared spectrum analyzer and a microscopic stress release detection device are used to estimate the aging degree of the optical cable materials. During the detection, a standard infrared light source is used to excite the optical cable sheath and the internal cladding materials, and the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used to record the change of the absorption peaks of the key chemical bonds. Special attention is paid to the displacement of the characteristic absorption peaks and the change of the peak area of the carbon-hydrogen bond, carbon-oxygen bond and silicon-oxygen bond, and based on this, the molecular chain breakage ratio and the reduction degree of the crosslinking density are deduced. At the same time, for the microscopic stress release test, a small periodic load is applied locally to the optical cable, and the microscopic damage degree of the material is deduced by analyzing the stress relaxation rate. The above detection results are compared with the standard aging characteristic curve of the material to form a data table of the aging degree of the internal materials of the optical cable, refined to each detection section, providing data support for the subsequent absorption loss calculation for material degradation.

[0066] Step S315: Evaluate the growth of the optical signal absorption loss by using the aging condition of the internal materials of the optical cable; In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the optical cable internal material aging degree data table formed in step S314, an optical absorption spectrum measuring device is used to evaluate the absorption loss of each detection section. During the measurement process, a standard broadband light source is used to inject an optical signal from one end, and the output power change in each wavelength range is measured at the other end by a high-precision spectrum analyzer. For each detection section, the input-output power ratio is calculated, an absorption loss curve is plotted, and in combination with the material aging degree, the change trend of the absorption coefficient is corrected. Particularly for the mechanisms such as the change of energy level transition, the increase of impurity states, and the enhancement of photon energy absorption caused by material aging, the change of the absorption characteristics of each detection section is refined. Based on the detection data, an optical signal absorption loss growth table for each detection section is formed to clarify the absorption gain degree caused by material aging in each section, laying a foundation for integrating the total loss data.

[0067] Step S316: Integrate the optical signal absorption loss growth condition and the optical signal propagation scattering loss condition to obtain the optical fiber signal loss data; In the embodiment of the present invention, the optical signal propagation scattering loss data table formed in step S313 and the optical signal absorption loss growth table formed in step S315 are integrated. During the integration process, according to the division of each detection section, the scattering loss increment and the absorption loss increment of each section are weighted and superimposed respectively to form the comprehensive optical signal energy loss value of each section. The weighting coefficient is determined according to the material characteristics and transmission characteristics database to ensure the reasonable superposition of the energy contributions of scattering and absorption under different materials and different environments. Through the integration calculation, a complete optical fiber signal loss data table is obtained, covering the comprehensive energy loss level of each section of the optical cable, refined to the specific position and the corresponding loss type. This data table serves as the direct input basis for the subsequent bandwidth limitation calculation, ensuring the coherence of the data chain.

[0068] Step S317: Evaluate the bandwidth limitation of the optical fiber transmission according to the optical fiber signal loss data.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the optical fiber signal loss data table obtained in step S316, in combination with the initial standard bandwidth characteristics of the optical cable recorded in the digital twin platform, a link budget derivation formula is used to evaluate the bandwidth limitation situation. During the derivation process, for each detection section, according to the actual comprehensive loss amount of the optical fiber signal and in combination with the standard optical signal-to-noise ratio requirement, the lower limit of the effective transmission bandwidth is calculated. The specific method is that under the standard emission condition, the change of the effective bit rate of the signal is deduced according to the energy attenuation amount, and then the corresponding bandwidth change range is derived. The calculated current bandwidth is compared with the standard bandwidth section by section, and the sections with a bandwidth decrease exceeding the set ratio threshold are screened out and marked as bandwidth-limited sections, forming an optical fiber transmission bandwidth limitation situation matrix, covering the transmission performance degradation degree of each detection section, which serves as the direct basis for subsequent communication quality detection and abnormal warning.

[0070] Particularly importantly, step S32 includes the following steps: Step S321: Analyze the changing trend of the optical signal transmission intensity based on the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth; In the embodiment of the present invention, by continuously monitoring the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth, the changing trend of the optical signal transmission intensity is analyzed. For this purpose, real-time monitoring devices for the optical fiber link need to be deployed, such as optical power meters or optical attenuators, which can measure the power intensity change of the signal in the optical fiber at multiple points. These measurement data are regularly collected and transmitted to the central control system. By combining the collected optical signal power data with the real-time bandwidth utilization, the changing trend of the signal is analyzed. For example, if the signal power of a certain section of the optical fiber gradually weakens and the bandwidth of this part of the optical fiber approaches or exceeds its design capacity, it is considered that the transmission bandwidth of the optical fiber is limited. Through the sequential change of multiple measurement results, the changing trend of the signal intensity over time is accurately determined, so as to obtain the influence degree of the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth on the signal intensity.

[0071] Step S322: Detect the increase in multipath scattering of the optical signal based on the changing trend of the internal path of the optical fiber; In the embodiment of the present invention, during the signal transmission process, the change of the internal path of the optical fiber will cause the multipath effect of the optical signal, especially in areas where the optical fiber is bent, squeezed or the surface is uneven. To detect this increase in multipath scattering, detection tools such as an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) are used. These tools can accurately detect the tiny path changes inside the optical fiber, such as microbends or local damage areas. These local changes cause the optical signal to propagate along different paths, thus forming a multipath effect. During the detection process, the OTDR emits an optical pulse and receives the reflected optical signal, analyzes the propagation path of the optical signal according to the change of the reflected signal, and then obtains the situation of multipath scattering. When an increase in multipath scattering of a certain section of the optical fiber is detected, it indicates that there is a path change in this part of the optical fiber, affecting the transmission quality of the optical signal.

[0072] Step S323: Monitor the abnormal increase amplitude of the link transmission delay according to the increase in multipath scattering of the optical signal; In the embodiments of the present invention, during the multi-path propagation of optical signals, the signal delay increases due to the different arrival times of light waves on different paths. By combining signal delay measurement techniques (such as optical time delay measurement devices or directly through the feedback information of optical transmission equipment), it is monitored whether there is an obvious increase in delay when the multi-path scattering of optical signals increases. The specific operation is to continuously measure the delay of the optical signal, compare the time delay difference between the ideal transmission path and the actual path, and then evaluate the delay change of the signal during multi-path propagation. If the delay increases significantly, it indicates that the signal in the optical fiber link is severely interfered by the multi-path effect, which usually leads to an abnormal increase in the link transmission delay. For the amplitude of this delay increase, by accumulating the results of multiple measurements, the average delay change amplitude is calculated, so as to provide data support for subsequent link fault analysis.

[0073] Step S324: Evaluate the local data accumulation situation of the link based on the abnormal increase amplitude of the link transmission delay; In the embodiments of the present invention, the abnormal increase in the link transmission delay usually leads to the accumulation of data packets in the link, especially at the bottleneck of the link. Therefore, a network traffic monitoring tool (such as a network performance monitoring system) is used to perform real-time analysis on the data flow of the link. By monitoring the arrival time and transmission time of data packets during the link transmission process, it is judged whether there is local data accumulation caused by the increase in delay. If it is found that the transmission time of some nodes is too long and the processing speed of subsequent nodes cannot keep up, it is judged that data accumulates at this place, causing network congestion. By analyzing the transmission situation of data packets, the impact of the abnormal increase in delay on the link load is evaluated, and it is determined whether there is a local bottleneck phenomenon. At this time, it can be further confirmed whether there is a congestion situation in the optical fiber link caused by path changes and delay increases.

[0074] Step S325: Comprehensively detect the situation of aggravated attenuation of the optical fiber signal according to the local data accumulation situation of the link and the change trend of the optical signal transmission intensity.

[0075] In the embodiments of the present invention, by comprehensively considering the data accumulation situation in the link and the change trend of the optical signal transmission intensity, comprehensive analysis is carried out to detect the situation of aggravated attenuation of the optical fiber signal. By combining the data traffic monitoring system with the monitoring data of the optical fiber signal power, it is judged that during the signal transmission process, the reason for the signal attenuation is the combined result of multiple factors such as bandwidth limitation, optical fiber path change, and data accumulation. If the change in the optical signal intensity is relatively obvious and is accompanied by the data accumulation phenomenon in the link, it is speculated that there is a situation of aggravated signal attenuation in the optical fiber link. During this process, by combining the change in signal intensity with information such as delay and data accumulation in the link, the overall health status of the optical fiber link can be diagnosed more accurately, and targeted improvement measures or warnings can be proposed. Through these comprehensive analyses, the specific location and reason for the aggravated attenuation of the optical fiber signal can be obtained, providing data support for optical fiber maintenance and optimization.

[0076] Particularly importantly, step S34 includes the following steps: Step S341: Analyze the decreasing trend of the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical cable communication link based on the abnormal situation of the optical cable communication quality; In the embodiments of the present invention, through the real-time monitoring of the abnormal situation of the optical cable communication quality, the change trend of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the optical cable communication link is analyzed. The specific operations include deploying signal quality monitoring devices, such as optical fiber signal analyzers, to collect the signal-to-noise ratio data of the optical fiber communication signal in real time. These data usually include the signal intensity, noise level, and signal quality at the transmitting end and the receiving end. By comparing these signal data with the standard values in the ideal state, the fluctuation trend of the signal-to-noise ratio can be monitored in real time. Once it is found that the signal-to-noise ratio continues to decrease, it indicates that the quality of the communication link is deteriorating. At this time, the system records the trend of the signal-to-noise ratio change and determines whether there is a continuous decrease or periodic fluctuation based on historical data analysis. Using these signal-to-noise ratio decrease data, the abnormal situation of the optical cable is identified, and then data support is provided for the subsequent bit error rate and link stability evaluation.

[0077] Step S342: Detect the increase amplitude of the bit error rate of the optical cable communication according to the decreasing trend of the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical cable communication link; In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the trend of the decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the optical cable communication link, the increase in the bit error rate (BER) of the optical cable communication is further detected. For this purpose, a bit error rate tester is used to measure the bit error rate data in the link regularly or in real time. These data are generated by monitoring the difference between the received signal and the expected signal at the receiving end, reflecting the communication errors caused by the decrease in the SNR. The bit error rate is usually calculated by comparing the known transmitted data with the actually received data to calculate the proportion of errors. The increase in the bit error rate reflects the rate of decline in the quality of the optical cable communication link. If the SNR drops too quickly, the bit error rate usually rises sharply. By comparing the increase in the bit error rate with the trend of the decrease in the SNR, the quality change in the optical cable communication link can be accurately determined, and it can be judged whether link repair or optimization is required.

[0078] Step S343: Evaluate the abnormal increase in the optical cable communication delay based on the increase in the bit error rate of the optical cable communication; In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the detected increase in the bit error rate of the optical cable communication, the abnormal increase in the optical cable communication delay is further evaluated. The increase in the bit error rate is usually closely related to factors such as an increase in network load, interference in the transmission path, or network bottlenecks, which lead to an increase in the delay. To monitor the change in the delay, an optical delay measurement tool or a timestamp-based delay tracking system is used. By recording the transmission time of data packets from the source end to the destination end in real time, the delay of the optical cable link is calculated. If the bit error rate increases significantly, it usually means that there is a problem with the signal transmission, resulting in signal retransmission or an increase in the delay. By comparing the ideal delay with the actual delay, the abnormal increase in the delay is evaluated, providing data support for subsequent fault troubleshooting and optimization.

[0079] Step S344: Determine the degree of deterioration of the overall stability of the optical cable communication link according to the abnormal increase in the optical cable communication delay and the trend of the decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical cable communication link; In the embodiments of the present invention, combining the abnormal increase in the delay of the optical cable communication link and the trend of the decrease in the SNR, the degree of deterioration of the overall stability of the optical cable communication link is comprehensively evaluated. By comparing and analyzing the data of the increase in the delay and the decrease in the SNR, it is further speculated whether the link stability has deteriorated severely. For example, if the delay continues to increase and the SNR drops sharply, it usually means that there is a bottleneck or a fault point in the link, which will lead to a decrease in the overall transmission performance. Using data fusion analysis technology, multiple monitoring data sources (such as delay, SNR, bit error rate, etc.) are combined together for multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis, which can more comprehensively evaluate the link stability. The evaluation results are usually quantified through a digital twin model or an intelligent decision support system to obtain the degree of deterioration of the link stability. This evaluation result helps to further confirm whether link optimization or repair is required.

[0080] Step S345: Detect the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality based on the overall stability deterioration degree of the optical cable communication link.

[0081] In the embodiment of the present invention, according to the degree of overall stability deterioration of the optical cable communication link, the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality is detected. After determining the degree of stability deterioration of the link through the analysis of the foregoing steps, combined with the real-time communication quality monitoring system, a detailed quality anomaly detection is performed on the link. Using the optical network monitoring system, combined with the previous stability evaluation results, the performance of the optical cable communication link is continuously tracked. The system collects the performance indicators of the optical cable in real time, such as signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, transmission delay, etc., and determines whether there is an anomaly in the link by comparing with the standard threshold. If the performance indicators of the link exceed the set threshold range, the system will trigger an alarm and record the relevant data for subsequent analysis and processing.

[0082] Preferably, step S4 includes the following steps: Step S41: Monitor the distortion of the optical cable communication signal according to the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality; In the embodiment of the present invention, the optical cable communication quality data is collected, and the data sources include the real-time bit error rate (BER) measurement data, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) monitoring data, and optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) test waveform data transmitted in the optical cable. By deploying a high-frequency sampling optical power monitoring device in the optical cable intelligent monitoring system, the received optical power change curve of each section in the optical cable is collected at a set fixed time interval (for example, once a minute), and the power loss between the transmitter and the receiver is recorded at the same time. The Fourier transform algorithm is used to perform frequency domain analysis on the collected received signal waveform, extract the distortion components in the main frequency band, analyze the amplitude and frequency change characteristics of the distortion components, and filter out the optical cable sections with abnormal signal distortion based on the preset communication quality anomaly threshold standard (such as the bit error rate exceeding 1×10 -6 or the signal-to-noise ratio dropping by more than 3 dB). In the optical cable intelligent monitoring platform, the signal distortion trend curve is drawn based on the change trend of the distortion components, and the data of the optical cable communication signal distortion condition is output for subsequent steps to call.

[0083] Step S42: Evaluate the abnormal condition of the optical cable operation based on the optical cable communication signal distortion condition and the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss; In the embodiments of the present invention, the signal distortion condition of the optical cable is combined with the evolution characteristics of its structural loss for systematic evaluation. By fusing the obtained signal distortion data with the optical cable structural loss data monitored in real time, these sensors can capture phenomena such as optical attenuation, material aging, and mechanical wear of the optical fibers inside the optical cable in real time, and obtain the loss rate data of the optical cable. The loss data can be obtained through the feedback of devices such as optical fiber attenuation sensors, optical cable temperature sensors, and pressure sensors. By combining the signal distortion data with the optical cable structural loss data, data analysis algorithms are used to evaluate the overall operating condition of the optical cable. For example, by comparing the relationship between the signal attenuation amount and the loss, it is judged whether the signal quality of the optical cable has significantly decreased due to structural damage, and then it is evaluated whether the optical cable has entered an abnormal operating state. The purpose of this step is to comprehensively analyze the signal quality and structural health status of the optical cable in a quantitative manner to ensure timely detection of potential faults that may occur in the optical cable.

[0084] Step S43: Based on the abnormal operating condition of the optical cable, locate and identify the abnormal defect position of the optical cable to obtain the optical cable defect position data; In the embodiments of the present invention, using the optical cable operating abnormal condition data formed in step S42, combined with the optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) precise scanning and positioning technology, the optical cable sections marked as abnormal are finely detected. An OTDR device with a short pulse width (such as 5 ns) and a high sampling rate (such as 2 GS / s) is used to perform local high-precision scanning on the abnormal section and extract the change characteristics of the scattered echo curve. By calculating the reflection peak amplitude change rate, reflection peak width increment, and echo baseline uplift amplitude of the scattered echo signal, the positions of micro-cracks, abnormal joints, core compression damage, or coating damage inside the optical cable are accurately identified. After the positioning is completed, the geographic information system (GIS) module is used to map the defect point coordinates onto the actual optical cable layout map to generate the optical cable defect position data, including the defect point number, longitude and latitude coordinates, defect type classification (such as fracture, micro-crack, joint damage), and defect severity level parameters (such as reflection loss greater than 2 dB). The obtained optical cable defect position data is directly transmitted to the subsequent fault monitoring step for use.

[0085] Step S44: According to the optical cable defect position data and the optical cable operating abnormal condition, monitor the operating faults of the optical cable to obtain the optical cable operating fault data, and upload it to the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform to execute the optical cable early warning task.

[0086] In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the optical cable defect location data output in step S43 and the optical cable operation abnormal condition data in step S42, an association matrix between abnormal features and defect locations is established. Using the feature superposition method, a weighted evaluation is performed on the situation where there are multiple abnormal indications (such as high distortion, high reflection, sharp increase in attenuation) in the same section of the optical cable, and the comprehensive fault score is calculated according to the weight factors of each abnormal index (such as the weight of bit error rate is 0.4, the weight of reflection loss is 0.3, and the weight of scattering amplitude is 0.3). According to the level of the comprehensive score, the operation state of the optical cable is divided into four levels: normal, slightly abnormal, moderately abnormal, and severely abnormal. The fault diagnosis engine module is used to bind each defect point to the corresponding fault level to generate an optical cable operation fault data set, including fields such as fault location, fault level, predicted remaining service life (expressed in days), etc. Finally, by setting the data interface protocol with the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform (such as MQTT or HTTP API), the optical cable operation fault data is uploaded to the cloud platform in real time. After receiving the data, the cloud platform automatically triggers the early warning mechanism for the corresponding optical cable section, including SMS notification, email push, and platform pop-up early warning display.

[0087] The present invention also provides an optical cable intelligent monitoring system based on digital twin for implementing the optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin as described above. The optical cable intelligent monitoring system based on digital twin includes: An optical cable operation simulation model construction module, which is used to obtain the optical cable line design data; query the optical cable line distribution structure characteristics according to the optical cable line design data; collect the optical cable line composition material data according to the optical cable line design data; and construct an optical cable operation simulation model based on the optical cable line distribution structure characteristics and the optical cable line composition material data; An optical cable structure loss evolution characteristic monitoring module, which is used to perform optical cable operation simulation according to the optical cable operation simulation model to obtain optical cable operation simulation data; detect the optical cable external load coupling stress effect based on the optical cable operation simulation data; determine the optical cable structure dynamic degradation degree according to the optical cable external load coupling stress effect; and monitor the optical cable structure loss evolution characteristic according to the optical cable external load coupling stress effect and the optical cable structure dynamic degradation degree; An optical cable communication quality abnormal condition determination module, which is used to evaluate the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth according to the optical cable structure loss evolution characteristic; detect the aggravated situation of the optical fiber signal attenuation based on the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth; and determine the optical cable communication quality abnormal condition according to the limited situation of the optical fiber transmission bandwidth and the aggravated situation of the optical fiber signal attenuation; An optical cable operation fault monitoring module is used to evaluate the abnormal operation condition of the optical cable according to the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality and the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss; locate and identify the position of the abnormal defect of the optical cable based on the abnormal operation condition of the optical cable to obtain the optical cable defect position data; monitor the operation fault of the optical cable according to the optical cable defect position data and the abnormal operation condition of the optical cable to obtain the optical cable operation fault data, and upload it to the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform to execute the optical cable early warning task.

[0088] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features invented herein.

Claims

1. An optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Obtaining optical cable line design data; querying optical cable line distribution structure characteristics according to the optical cable line design data; Collect the material data of the optical cable line components according to the optical cable line design data; Construct an optical cable operation simulation model based on the optical cable line distribution structure characteristics and the optical cable line composition material data; Step S2: performing optical cable operation simulation according to the optical cable operation simulation model to obtain optical cable operation simulation data; and detecting the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable based on the optical cable operation simulation data; Determine the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure according to the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable; monitor the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss according to the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable and the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure; Step S3: evaluating the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth according to the characteristics of the evolution of optical cable structure loss; detecting the aggravated optical fiber signal attenuation based on the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth; determining the abnormal optical cable communication quality according to the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth and the aggravated optical fiber signal attenuation; Step S4: evaluating the abnormal operation condition of the optical cable according to the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality and the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss; Based on the abnormal operation of the optical cable, the abnormal defect position of the optical cable is located and identified to obtain the optical cable defect position data; Optical cable operation fault monitoring is performed based on the optical cable defect location data and the abnormal operation status of the optical cable, and the optical cable operation fault data is obtained and uploaded to the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform to perform the optical cable early warning task.

2. The optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S1 includes the following steps: Step S11: Obtaining optical cable line design data; Step S12: querying the optical cable laying line layout information according to the optical cable line design data; Step S13: Identifying the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line according to the optical cable laying line layout information; Step S14: collecting the material data of the optical cable line composition according to the optical cable line design data; Step S15: constructing an optical cable operation simulation model based on the optical cable line composition material data and the optical cable line distribution structure characteristics to obtain an optical cable operation simulation model.

3. The optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Step S15 includes the following steps: Step S151: Determine the hardness data of the outer protective layer of the optical cable line according to the material data of the optical cable line composition; Step S152: evaluating the stability of the protective layer of the optical cable structure when the hardness data of the outer protective layer of the optical cable line exceeds 65; Step S153: determining the internal signal transmission capacity of the optical cable according to the material data of the optical cable line; Step S154: analyzing the performance parameters of the optical cable transmission structure according to the internal signal conduction capacity of the optical cable exceeding 60% and the stability of the protective layer of the optical cable structure; Step S155: collecting the external operating environment of the optical cable line based on the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line; Step S156: Counting the buried depth data of the optical cable line according to the distribution structure characteristics of the optical cable line; Step S157: evaluating the complexity of the optical cable installation environment based on the external operating environment of the optical cable line and the buried depth data of the optical cable line exceeding 1.2 m; Step S158: constructing an optical cable operation simulation model using the complexity of the optical cable installation environment and the performance parameters of the optical cable transmission structure to obtain an optical cable operation simulation model.

4. The optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The detection of the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable in step S2 includes: Determine the growth trend of ground surface pressure gradient based on optical cable operation simulation data; Monitor the local compression of the surface soil according to the growth trend of the surface pressure gradient; The reduction degree of soil porosity above the optical cable is determined based on the local compression status of the ground surface soil and the growth trend of the ground surface pressure gradient; Calculate the growth of soil vibration conduction capacity based on the reduction of soil porosity above the optical cable; Detect the growth of mechanical action on the upper surface of the optical cable based on the growth of soil vibration conduction capacity and the local compression of the surface soil; Predict the insufficient soil support on the lower surface of the optical cable based on the increase in the mechanical effect on the upper surface of the optical cable; Predict the uneven settlement trend of the soil supporting the optical cable based on the insufficient soil support under the optical cable; The coupling stress effect of external load on the optical cable is detected based on the uneven settlement trend of the soil supporting the optical cable and the increase degree of mechanical action on the surface of the optical cable.

5. The optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The determination of the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure in step S2 includes: Detect the growth trend of the bearing pressure of the optical cable structure based on the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable; Evaluate the fatigue degree of the optical cable linear structure when the cable structure bearing pressure growth trend exceeds 0.5MPa; Evaluate the attenuation of the tensile strength of the optical cable's linear structure based on the fatigue degree of the optical cable's linear structure; Detect excessive bearing pressure inside the curved structure based on the growth trend of the bearing pressure of the optical cable structure; When the bearing pressure inside the curved structure is too high and exceeds 3.5MPa, the degree of stress accumulation inside the curved structure is detected; The dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure is determined by the attenuation of the tensile strength of the straight structure of the optical cable and the degree of stress accumulation in the bent structure.

6. The optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The optical cable structure loss evolution characteristic monitoring in step S2 includes: Measure the displacement of the optical cable structure according to the coupling stress effect of the external load on the optical cable; Measure the compressive deformation of the optical cable structure according to the displacement degree of the optical cable structure; Detect the stress-strain state of the optical cable structure based on the displacement degree of the optical cable structure and the compression deformation condition of the optical cable structure; Identify the change of the texture direction of the optical cable structure based on the stress-strain state of the optical cable structure and the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure; Analyze the reduction degree of fracture toughness of optical cable structural materials according to the change of the texture direction of the optical cable structure; Predict the crack propagation path of the optical cable structure based on the reduction degree of the fracture toughness of the optical cable structure material and the change of the texture direction of the optical cable structure; Predict the local fracture trend of the optical cable structure based on the crack propagation path of the optical cable structure and the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure; The loss evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure are monitored based on the local fracture trend of the optical cable structure and the crack propagation path of the optical cable structure.

7. The optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S3 includes the following steps: Step S31: evaluating the limitation of optical fiber transmission bandwidth according to the evolution characteristics of optical cable structure loss; Step S32: Detecting the aggravated attenuation of the optical fiber signal based on the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth; Step S33: Determine the shortening of the optical fiber signal transmission distance by using the aggravated optical fiber signal attenuation and the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth; Step S34: determining the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality according to the shortened optical fiber signal transmission distance and the aggravated optical fiber signal attenuation.

8. The optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Step S31 includes the following steps: Step S311: detecting the change of the internal geometric shape of the optical cable according to the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss; Step S312: monitoring the uniformity attenuation of the internal structure of the optical cable based on the change of the internal geometric shape of the optical cable; Step S313: Counting the optical signal propagation scattering loss based on the uniform attenuation of the internal structure of the optical cable; Step S314: estimating the aging of the internal materials of the optical cable according to the optical cable structure loss evolution characteristics; Step S315: using the aging of the internal materials of the optical cable to evaluate the growth of the optical signal absorption loss; Step S316: Integrate the optical signal absorption loss growth status and the optical signal propagation scattering loss status to obtain optical fiber signal loss data; Step S317: Evaluate the optical fiber transmission bandwidth limitation according to the optical fiber signal loss data.

9. The optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S4 includes the following steps: Step S41: monitoring the distortion of the optical cable communication signal according to the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality; Step S42: evaluating the abnormal operation of the optical cable based on the distortion of the optical cable communication signal and the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss; Step S43: Based on the abnormal operation status of the optical cable, the position of the abnormal defect of the optical cable is located and identified to obtain the position data of the defect of the optical cable; Step S44: Perform optical cable operation fault monitoring according to the optical cable defect location data and the optical cable operation abnormality, obtain the optical cable operation fault data, and upload it to the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform to execute the optical cable early warning task.

10. An optical cable intelligent monitoring system based on digital twins, characterized in that: Used to perform the optical cable intelligent monitoring method based on digital twins as claimed in claim 1, the optical cable intelligent monitoring based on digital twins includes: The optical cable operation simulation model construction module is used to obtain the optical cable line design data; query the optical cable line distribution structure characteristics according to the optical cable line design data; collect the optical cable line component material data according to the optical cable line design data; and construct the optical cable operation simulation model based on the optical cable line distribution structure characteristics and the optical cable line component material data; The optical cable structure loss evolution characteristic monitoring module is used to simulate the operation of the optical cable according to the optical cable operation simulation model, so as to obtain the optical cable operation simulation data; detect the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable based on the optical cable operation simulation data; determine the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure according to the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable; monitor the optical cable structure loss evolution characteristics according to the coupling stress effect of the external load of the optical cable and the dynamic degradation degree of the optical cable structure; The module for determining abnormal conditions of optical cable communication quality is used to evaluate the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth according to the evolution characteristics of optical cable structure loss; detect the aggravated optical fiber signal attenuation based on the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth; and determine the abnormal optical cable communication quality according to the limited optical fiber transmission bandwidth and the aggravated optical fiber signal attenuation; The optical cable operation fault monitoring module is used to evaluate the abnormal operation condition of the optical cable according to the abnormal condition of the optical cable communication quality and the evolution characteristics of the optical cable structure loss; locate and identify the abnormal defect position of the optical cable based on the abnormal operation condition of the optical cable to obtain the optical cable defect position data; monitor the optical cable operation fault according to the optical cable defect position data and the abnormal operation condition of the optical cable to obtain the optical cable operation fault data, and upload it to the optical cable intelligent monitoring cloud platform to perform the optical cable early warning task.

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